Saturday, October 3, 2015

Munchable Snack Mix

Recipe contributed by Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn

This sweet and salty mix is ideal to take along in a road trip. It's a snack that will appeal to savory and sweet lovers alike
2(12-oz.) pkgs. candy-coated chocolate mini baking bits
12-oz. can salted peanuts
11-oz. pkg. butterscotch chips
2. c. raisins
1. cashews

Combined all ingredients in a large mixing bowl, mix well. Place in plastic zipping bags.
Make 9 cups.

Coralita Truax
Loudonville, OH

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The effects of Phytochemicals against Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer By Kyle J. Norton



Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.
III. Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer
A. Brain and spinal cord make up the nervous system. Brain and Spinal Cord tumors originating is not very common. Most primary tumors are caused by abnormal cells growth that surround and support neurons, with a small number may be caused by gene defect from exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals. Benign tumors are noncancerous, and malignant tumors are cancerous. More than 190.000 people in US are diagnosed with a brain tumor each year alone.

B. Types of brains and spinal cord cancer
1. Non-infiltrating astrocytomas
Noninfiltrating astrocytomas are tumors that grow slowly and usually do not grow into the tissues around them and is considered as benign tumors.
a. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas
Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas occur most often in the cerebellum in young children and is a neoplasm of the brain that occurs more often in children and young adults (in the first 20 years of life).
b. Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas
Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas grow in the ventricles and are almost always seen in children with tuberous sclerosis, but it can can become aggressive and cause obstructive hydrocephalus usually in older children and adolescents.

2. Low-grade astrocytomas (Infiltrating or diffuse astrocytomas)
An astrocytoma is a type of glioma that develops from star-shaped cells (astrocytes) that support nerve cells and accounts for about 10 percent to 15 percent of gliomas, a primary brain tumor that originates from the supportive cells of the brain. Low-grade astrocytomas is classified as a grade II tumor.

3. Intermediate- and high-grade astrocytomas
a. Intermediate- grade astrocytomas
Intermediate-grade astrocytomas (grade III) have more anaplasia and readily detectable mitotic activity, but not necrosis. The white arrow points to a mitotic figure. Glioblastomas, which are the most malignant grade of astrocytoma, are highly anaplastic and contain mitotic activity and tumour necrosis.
b. High-grade astrocytomas
High-grade astrocytomas are very different from secondary brain tumors, which originally developed elsewhere in the body and spread (metastasized) to the brain and generally respond poorly to surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

4. Oligodendrogliomas and anaplastic oligodendrogliomas
a. Anaplastic astrocytomas
Malignant or anaplastic astrocytoma is a glioma that develops from star-shaped glial cells (astrocytes) that support nerve cells. It is an infiltrating, primary brain tumor, with tentacles that may invade surrounding tissue and is classified as more aggressive grade III astrocytomas.
b. Glioblastomas
Glioblastomas is the most common and most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, involving glial cells and accounting for 52% of all parenchymal brain tumor cases and 20% of all intracranial tumors and is and is classified as more aggressive grade IV astrocytomas.

5. Ependymomas and anaplastic ependymomas
a. Ependymomas
Ependymoma is malignant glioma originated in ependyma, a tissue of the central nervous system. Usually, in children the location is intracranial, while in adults it is spinal. The common location of intracranial ependymoma is the fourth ventricle. Rarely, ependymoma can occur in the pelvic cavity.

6. Anaplastic ependymomas
Anaplastic ependymoma is a malignant tumor of ependymomas, a tissue of the central nervous systemcommonly found in children and adults that are younger than 25 years old. These tumors grow rapidly and most patient eventually die if the tumor is not diagnosed and treated early.

7. Schwannomas (including acoustic neuromas)
Schwannomas is a noncancerous nerve sheath tumor arises from the nerve sheath and consisted of Schwann cells in a collagenous matrix, which normally produce the protective covering to peripheral nerves. As it grows, it can cause pressure, irritation or damage to the nerve and affect the sensations of hearing and balance.

8. Spinal cord tumors
Primary cancerous tumors of spinal cord are not common. Most of spinal cord tumors are secondary tumors, and are spread from other parts of the body but they can interfere with the transmitting signals from the brain to the spinal cord, leading to loss of function and sensation.

9. Lymphomas
Lymphomas is a cancer in the lymphatic cells of the immune system, including Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
a. Hodgkin disease
Hodgkin disease is a type of lymphoma found in the lymph nodes, named after Thomas Hodgkin who published the first description of lymphoma in 1832 and can spread systemically from one lymph node group to another.
b. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas are caused by abnormal growth of cancerous white blood cells (T and B cells) due to mutation or alternation of cells DNA. They can spread to almost any other part of the body.

10. Brain tumors that occur more often in children
a. Astrocytomas
Astrocytomas in children age from 5 -8 age are usually benign, low grade which are localized and grow slowly.
b. Ependymomas
Ependymomas arises from cells of the ependymal lining located in tiny passageways (ventricles) in the brain and interfered with the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), causing problem of speak, walk, eat, see and other normal functions in children.

c. Medulloblastomas
Medulloblastomas are the most common types of brain cancers in children originated in the cerebellum (10-20%) or posterior fossa (40%) and occurred more often in boys than girls between age 5 to 10.




11. Etc.

C. Types of Food to Prevent and Treat Brain and Spinal Cord Cancer
1, Green tea
Epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), a main ingredients in green tea has shown protective effect against brain cancer. In the study to investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), the main constituent of green teapolyphenols, on human glioblastoma cell lines U-373 MG and U-87 MG, rat glioma cell line C6, and rat nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma cell line MtT/E, showed that EGCG inhibited viability of MtT/E cells only at a concentration of 100 microg/ml. Quantitative study by flow cytometry demonstrated that lower doses of EGCG (12.5, 25, 50 microg/ml) induced apoptosis in U-373 MG, U-87 MG, and C6 cells; however, only the highest dose (100 microg/ml) induced apoptosis in MtT/E cells. Compared with other cell lines, MtT/E cells showed stronger IGF-I immunoreactivity. Neutralization of IGF-I with an antihuman IGF-I antibody reduced viability of the cell lines(1).

2. Mangosteen
γ-mangostin, a phytochemical compound found abundantly in Mangosteen has found to be effective in against Gliomas which is a common type of primary brain tumor with glioblastoma multiforme accounting for the majority of human brain tumors. Dr. Chang HF and the research team at the ollege of Pharmacy, and Center of e-CAM, Taipei Medical University showed that The γ-mangostin showed potent antiproliferative activity toward MGs in dose- and time-dependent manners. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of cell morphology in the apoptotic cells revealed an increase in hypodiploid cells in γ-mangostin treated U87 MG and GBM 8401 cells, while significant enhancement of intracellular peroxide production was detected in the same γ-mangostin treated cells by DCHDA assay and DiOC(6)(3) stain. g-Mangostin induced apoptosis, which in turn mediates cytotoxicity in human MG cells was prevented by the addition of catalase(2).

3. Grapes, red wine, berries and peanuts
Resveratrol is a type of natural phenol found abundantly in Grapes, red wine, berries and peanuts of the group of Stilbenoids, produced naturally by many plants when under attack by bacteria or fungi. It has been studied by many researchers for it health benefits in treating chronic diaereses, including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, etc. Resveratrol is known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects on a variety of cancer cells in vitro and in various animal models. However, the effect(s) of resveratrol in vivo on humans are still controversial. This study discusses current knowledge with regard to the effects of resveratrol in relation to its potential as a chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic molecule against human gliomas(3).

4. Phytochemical diet(PtcD)
In the study of Glioma induced by ethylnitrosourea to pregnant females fed the diets from the start of gestation until the moment of sacrifice of the offpsrings, found that in male rats fed the PtcD or the BD the incidence of gliomas was markedly reduced compared to rats fed a standard diet (StD). In females this effect was weaker and was limited to the PtcD. A significant proportion of rats with brain tumors and fed the StD exhibited SE evidenced by weight loss, a shorter survival, reduction in liver weight and an increased proportion of liver mitochondria, effects that were not observed in their counterpart fed PtcD. Comparison of the expression of genes involved in the balance proliferation/apoptosis and in the response to oxidative stress in malebrain tumors showed that the prevention of SE was associated with an increase in bcl-2 and catalase and a decrease in ki-67, sod-1 and sod-2 transcripts(4)

5. Dietary antioxidants
Dr, Sheweita SA and Dr. Sheikh BY. at the Alexandria University, Egypt in the study of Can dietary antioxidants reduce the incidence of brain tumors?, showed that dietary supplementation with antioxidants [e.g. vitamins C & E] was found to reduce the incidence of brain tumors in children whose mothers took these vitamins throughout pregnancy. On the other hand, decreases in antioxidant levels were correlated with the severity of malignancy of braintumors, and also with accumulation of considerable amounts of oxidative stress products including free radicals which damage this tissue. The mechanisms of protection of these antioxidants against brain tumors might be due to inhibition of the nitrosation process, decreasing of tumor necrotic factor, scavenging of free radicals, inhibition of telomerase activity which facilitates telomere attrition(5)

6. Beans
In the study to investigate potential associations between diet and adult glioma with a population-based case-control study of adult glioma in eastern Nebraska. Nutrient and food group intakes were estimated for 236 glioma cases and 449 controls using information obtained from a food-frequency questionnaire, indicated that after adjusting for potential confounders, inverse associations with risk of adult glioma were observed for intakes of dark yellow vegetables (highest quartile versus lowest: OR = 0.6, Ptrend = 0.03) and beans (OR = 0.4, Ptrend = 0.0003), but no associations were seen for dietary sources of preformed nitrosamines or high-nitrate vegetables. Our nutrient analysis revealed significant inverse associations between risk of adult glioma and dietary intake of pro-vitamin A carotenoids (highest quartile versus lowest: OR = 0.5, Ptrend = 0.005), a-carotene (OR = 0.5, Ptrend = 001), beta-carotene (OR = 0.5, Ptrend = 0.01), dietary fiber (OR=0.6, Ptrend = 0.048) and fiber from beans (OR = 0.5, Ptrend = 0.0002). We observed no significant associations with risk of adult glioma for intakes of other nutrients or compounds including nitrate, nitrite, vitamin C, vitamin E, saturated fat, cholesterol, dietary fiber from grain products, or fiber from fruit and vegetables(6).

7. Etc.

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305413
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21139533
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010425
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18412241
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21434862
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12296512

Friday, October 2, 2015

Pizza

Recipe contributed by Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn

Offer a pizza buffet line. Put all ingredients in the separate bowls, and let everyone create their own pizza.
8-oz. tube refrigerated crescent rolls
14 -oz. jar pizza sauce
3/4 c. sliced pepperoni
3/4 sliced mushrooms
1 c. shredded mozzarella cheese
Unroll crescent rolls into individual triangles on an ungreased baking sheet. Spread a layer of pizza sauce over dough and top with pepperoni and mushrooms. Sprinkle cheese on top; roll up into crescent shape.
baking at 375 degrees for 18 to 25 minutes or until rolls are golden and cheese is bubbling,
Make 8 appetizers.

Beth Flack
Terre Haute, IN

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The effects of Phytochemicals against Bone Cancer By Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.
II. Bone cancer
A. A bone cancer is an abnormal growth of cells within the bone that have became cancerous. Bone cancer may be classified as primary canceroriginated in the bone, and secondary cancer originated from elsewhere.

B. Types of bone cancer
B.1. Osteosarcoma(35%)
Osteosarcoma, a cancerous bone tumor, is the most common type of aggressive and primary bone cancer, usually arise in a bone and destroy local tissue and weakens the bone. Since osteosarcoma develops fromosteoblasts, it most commonly affects adolescents and young adult and most cases of osteosarcoma involve the knee joint. It affects about four in one million people in the United States every year.

B.2. Chondrosarcoma(25%)
Chondrosarcoma is a cancer composed of cells derived from transformed cells that produce flexible connective tissues between bones. It is is the second most frequent primary malignant tumor of bone, representing approximately 25% of all primary osseous neoplasms.

B.3. Ewing's sarcoma(16%)
Ewing's sarcoma, a rare cancer disease found in the bone or in soft tissue, is a malignant bone tumor that affects childhood and young adulthood, but usually develops during puberty and spreads to the lungs and other bones.

B.4. Less frequently (≤ 5%) occurring tumors are chordoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, and fibrosarcoma of bone.

C. Types of Food to Prevent and Treat Bone Cancer
C.1. Osteosarcoma(35%)
1. Green tea
Dr. Hönicke AS and the research team at University Medicine Greifswald, in the study of The link between cancer and inflammation, found that IL-1Ra and EGCG downregulated IL-1-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release from U-2 OS cells by 65-85%. IL-1Ra and EGCG also reduced secretion of invasiveness-promoting MMP-2 and pro-angiogenic VEGF to 62-75% without affecting the metabolic response and caspase-3 activity. In conclusion, downregulation of IL-1-induced tumorigenic factors (IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, MMP-2) in U-2 OS by IL-1Ra and EGCG may positively affect tumor-associated inflammation and, as a consequence, lead to reduction in angiogenesis and invasiveness. This renders a combined administration of EGCG and IL-1Ra a promising approach as an adjuvant therapy in patients with osteosarcoma(1).

2. Aromatic plants like nutmeg, basil, cinnamon and bay leaves
Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) found abundantly in aromatic plan has exerted the protective effect against certain types of cancer. Dr. Jaganathan SK and Dr. Supriyanto E., in the study of Antiproliferative and molecular mechanism of eugenol-induced apoptosis in cancer cells, showed that eugenol possesses antioxidant, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Molecular mechanism of eugenol-induced apoptosis in melanoma, skin tumors, osteosarcoma, leukemia, gastric and mast cells(2).

3. Turmeric
Curcumin the main ingredient of turmeric has shown to induce cell apoptosis in human osteosarcoma. Dr. Li Y, and scientists at the Qilu Hospital, Shandong University indicated that curcumin caused marked inhibition ofosteosarcoma cell growth and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. This was associated with concomitant attenuation of Notch-1 and downregulation of its downstream genes, such as matrix metalloproteinases, resulting in the inhibition of osteosarcoma cell invasion through Matrigel. We also found that specific downregulation of Notch-1 via small-interfering RNA prior to curcumin treatment resulted in enhanced inhibition of cell growth and invasion(3).

4. Etc.

C.2. Chondrosarcoma(25%)
1. Green Tea
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and cancer cell growth in animal models. In the study conducted by National Chung Hsing University, Dr. Yang WH and research team indicated that EGCG induced cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cell lines but not primary chondrocytes. EGCG induced upregulation of Bax and Bak, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and dysfunction of mitochondria in chondrosarcoma and EGCG triggered ROS and activated the ASK1-p38/JNK pathway, resulting chondrosarcoma cell death. Importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic reduction in tumor volume after 24 days of treatment(4)

2. Turmeric
Turmeric, principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a rhizomatousherbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native totropical South Asia, Curcumin the main ingredient of turmeric has shown to induce cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma. Dr. Lee HP, and scientists at the China Medical University Hospital, found that Curcumin induced upregulation of Fas, FasL, and DR5 expression in chondrosarcoma cells. Transfection of cells with Fas, FasL, or DR5 siRNA reduced curcumin-induced cell death. In addition, p53 involved in curcumin-mediated Fas, FasL, and DR5 expression and cell apoptosis in chondrosarcoma cells. Most importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic 60% reduction in tumor volume after 21days of treatment(5).

3. Etc.


C.3. Ewing's sarcoma(16%)
1. Turmeric
Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in theturmeric. Under investigation as a chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent in adult cancer models at both pre-clinical and clinical levels. In this preliminary study, showed that curcumin is effective in causing cell cycle arrest, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing colony formation in the Ewing sarcoma cell line SK-NEP-1. Curcumin causes upregulation of cleaved caspase 3 and downregulation of phospho-Akt, producing apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma cells at an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of approximately 4 μM. (6)

2. Green tea
The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) is constitutively activated in Ewing family tumors (EFT) and that the major catechin derivative found ingreen tea, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), can inhibit cell proliferation and survival of EFT cells through the inhibition of IGFIR activity, as treatment of EFT cell lines with EGCG blocked the autophosphorylation of IGFIR tyrosine residues and inhibited its downstream pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt, Ras-Erk, and Jak-Stat cascades. EGCG treatment was associated with dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cellular proliferation, viability, and anchorage-independent growth, as well as with the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Apoptosis in EFT cells by EGCG correlated with altered expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, including increased expression of proapoptotic Bax and decreased expression of prosurvival Bcl2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 proteins. Dr. Kang HG and the research team at Children's Hospital Los Angeles suggested(7)

3. Etc.

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Thursday, October 1, 2015

The effects of Phytochemicals

Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.





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The effects of Phytochemicals against Bladder Cancer By Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.

I. Bladder cancers
A. The bladder is a hollow elastic organ in the center of the lower abdomen that collects urine from the kidneys and excreted them through the urethra.
Bladder cancer is most common type of cancer that effect men twice as frequently as it effects women. Usually it starts from the lining the bladder caused by several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder cells.

B. Types of Bladder cancer
B.1. There are three types of bladder cancer beginning in cells in the lining of the bladder, classified due to their origination.
1. Transitional cell carcinoma
In early stage of bladder cancer, normal cells become cancerous in the innermost tissue layer of the bladder which can change shape and stretch without breaking apart as they are able to stretch when the bladder is full and shrink when it is emptied. More than 90 percent of bladder cancers begin in the transitional cells
2. Squamous cell carcinoma
Cancer begins in squamous cells in the found in the tissues of the surface of the bladder, due to long-term infection or irritation. About 8 percent of people with bladder cancers begin squamous cells
3. Adenocarcinoma
Cancer begins originates in glandular tissue of the bladder, including the surface layer of skin, glands and a variety of other tissue, due to long-term irritation and inflammation. Only 2 percent of people with the condition have a third bladder cancer type.

B. 2. Types of bladder cancer classified due to their proliferation
1. Superficial types of bladder cancer
This type of bladder cancers have a characteristic of often recurrence but usually non invasive. It can be controlled or removed by regular cystoscopy.
2. Invasive types of bladder cancer
Invasive types of bladder cancer tend to spread after beginning in cells in the lining of the bladder. It often requires surgery by removing part or whole bladder.

C. Types Foods Prevent and Treat Bladder cancer
1. Soy
Soy phytochemicals have been associated with the protective effect against bladder cancer as it contains genistein, and the isoflavone-rich soy phytochemical concentrate (SPC). Dr. Singh AV and the research team at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, showed that Mice treated with genistin and SPC had reduced final tumor weights by 56% (P < 0.05) and 52% (P < 0.05), respectively, associated with induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in vivo. In addition, SPC treatment, but not genistin treatment, significantly inhibited lung metastases by 95% (P < 0.01) associated with significant down-regulation of NF-kappaB expression in tumor tissues and reduction of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I levels, suggesting that SPC may contain other bioactive ingredients that have antimetastatic activity(1).

2. Milk thistle seed
Silybin, a phytochemical, is aslo known as Silibinin (INN), the major active ingredient of silymarin, a flavanone, found in the milk thistle seeds has been syudied for prevention and therapy of various human malignancies includingbladder. In the investigation of silibinin and it effect on bladder cancer found that oral silibinin suppressed the growth of 5637 xenografts, which was accompanied with the activation of caspase-3, downregulation of survivin, and increased translocation of AIF. Furthermore, intravesical silibinin effectively inhibited the carcinogenesis and progression of bladder cancer in rats initiated by MNU by reducing the incidence of superficial and invasive bladder lesions without any side effects, which was accompanied with proapoptotic effects.(7)

3. Cruciferous vegetables
Isothiocyanates are derived from the hydrolysis (breakdown) of glucosinolates—sulfur-containing compounds found in cruciferous vegetables. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are a class of well-known cancerpreventive phytochemicals. Dr. Tang L and scientists at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute, in the sudy to examine the anti-cancer activity of NAC-ITCs in cultured human bladder cancer cells. In this paper, we report that the NAC conjugates of four naturally occurring ITCs, including allyl ITC, benzyl ITC (BITC), phenethyl ITC and sulforaphane, potently inhibited the growth of cells derived from both low-grade superficial and high-grade invasive humanbladder cancers and drug-resistant bladder cancer cells, indicated that both compounds also demonstrated the same anti-proliferative mechanisms: causing the cleavage of the same set of caspases (caspase-3, -8 and -9) in apoptosis induction, arresting cells in the same phases (S and G2/M) and targeting the same cell cycle regulator (Cdc25C), although a longer treatment time or slightly higher doses were needed for NAC-BITC to achieve the same effect as BITC, presumably due to slower cellular uptake of NAC-BITC. These data show that the NAC-ITCs are biologically similar to their parent compounds and are highly effective against human bladder cancer cells(3).

4. Garlic
Garlic components diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide on arylamine N-acetyltransferase have been exerted the protective effect against humanbladder tumor cells. Dr. Chung JG. at the China Medical College, in the study of Effects of garlic components diallyl sulfide and diallyl disulfide on arylamine N-acetyltransferase activity in human bladder tumor cells indicated that the viability, NAT activity and 2-AAF-DNA adduct formation in humanbladder tumor cells was inhibited by DAS and DADS in a dose-dependent manner, i.e. the higher the concentration of DAS and DADS, the higher the inhibition of NAT activity and cell death(4).

5. Cranberry juice concentration
In the study to exam the chemopreventive efficacy of cranberry juiceconcentrate in an experimental model of urinary bladder cancer, using female Fischer-344 rats, fed with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (OH-BBN) for a period of eight weeks, DR. Prasain JK and the reseah team at University of Alabama, showed that the cranberry extract neither affected body weight gain nor caused other signs of toxicity. For the metabolic studies, serum and urine were collected at 4 and 12 h after the administration of the cranberry juice concentrate and were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Quercetin and its methylated derivative were detected in the urine samples. However, no quercetin was detected in the serum samples, indicating its poor bioavailability. These data suggest that components of cranberries may be effective in preventing urinary bladder carcinogenesis(5).

6. Green tea
The ingredient of (--)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in green tea have exerted the protective effect to cause bladder cancer cell death. "EGCGs that were physically attached onto the surface of nanogold particles (pNG) was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The anticancer activity of the EGCG-adsorbed pNG was investigated in C3H/HeN mice subcutaneously implanted with MBT-2 murine bladder tumor cells. EGCG-pNG was confirmed to inhibit tumor cell growing by means of cell apoptosis" said Dr.Hsieh DS and the research team team at National Taiwan Ocean University(6).

7. Tomato Juice
The ingredient of lycopene and other anti-oxidants in combination found abundantly in tomato juice have exerted an inhibitory effect on the development of TCCs in the rat urinary bladder. In the study of male Fischer 344 rats initiated with N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in rats fed with 0.05% BBN in their drinking water for 8 weeks, followed by dilutedtomato juice for 12 weeks, lycopene concentrations in the livers of rats giventomato juice were elevated. Histopathological analysis of urinary bladderlesions revealed the numbers, but not incidences, of urinary bladdertransitional cell carcinomas (TCCs) to be decreased in the group giventomato juice(7).

8. Etc.

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References
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16452247
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21220495
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16520658
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10234471
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18497966
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21782236
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9510471

Party Cheese Ball

Recipe contributed by Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn

For a festive preservation roll up this flavorful mixture into 7 mini cheese balls as pictured opposite. for just one , proceed as directed in the recipe, rolling mixture into one large ball.
2 (8-oz.) pkgs. cream cheese, soften
2 c. shredded sharp Cheddar cheese
1 t. pimento, chopped
1 t. onion minced
1 t. lemon juice
1 t. green pepper chopped
2 t. Worcestershire sauce
1/8 cayenne pepper
1/8 t, salt
optional: chopped pecans
Bleen cream cheese until light and fluffy; and Cheddar cheese and next 7 ingredients. Shape into 7 mini balls(about one cup each); wrap into plastic wrap and refrigerate until firm. Roll in pecans, id desired
Make 7 mini balls

Sarah Sommers
Atwater, CA

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