Thursday, April 17, 2014

Easy cooking Recipes

**1. Vikie's Gazpacho Dip(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Fresh summerflovors brust each scoop of this chunkydip. Tortilla chips are a good choice for dipping
3 tomatos, dices
3 avocados, peel, pitted, and diced
4 green onions, thinly sliced
4.5 Oz. can diced green chiles, undrained
3 T. olive oil
11/2 T. cider vinegar
1 t. garlic salt
1/4 pepper
Combined tomatos, avocados, onions and chiles in a large bowl; set asides, Whisk together olive oil and remaining 4 ingredients; drizzle over vegetable and toss well. Cover and chill. make 5 cups.

 by Vicke, Gooseberry Patch

**2. Cream Cheese Apple Dip(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Offer marshmallows and pretzels along side apple slices to go with this creamy dip.
8-Oz. pkg, cream cheese, soften
1/4 c. sugar
3/4 c. brown sugar, packed
1. t vanilla
1/2 toffee baking bits
apple slices
Blend together cream cheese and sugar; mix in vanilla. Stir in toffee bit. Serve at room temperature with apple slice/ Store in refrigerator. Make about 2 cups.

By Staci Meyers, Cocoa, FL

**3. Fruit Salsa with Cinnamon Chips(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Kiwis, apple, raspberries, and strawberry make up this colorful salsa. It 'll be a treat that guests will not want to miss.....especially when served with homemade cinnamon chips.
2 kiwis, peeld and diced
2 Golden delicious apples. cored, peeled and diced
1/2 Lb. raspberries
16 Oz. pkg. strawberry, bulled and diced
1 c. plus 2 T. sugar and divided
1 T. brown sugar, packed
3 T. strawberry preserses
1 to 2 T. cinnamon
10 (10-inch) flour tortillas, sliced into wedges
butter flavored non-stick vegetable spray

Combined all fruits into a large bowl, mix in 2 tsp. sugar, brown sugar and strawberry preserves. Cover and chill for 15 minutes.
Mix together remaining 1 cup of sugar and cinnamon. Arrange tortilla wedges in a single layer on an ungreased baking sheet; coat chips with butter flavored vegetable spray. Sprinkle with desired amount of cinnamon-sugar.
Bake at 350 degrees for 8 to 10 minutes. Repeat with remaining tortilla wedges, cool 15 minutes. Serve chips with chilled fruit mixture.
Makes 10 to 15 servings

Ashley Connelly, Louisa, VA

@*4. Macadamia Nut Dip(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Prepare horseradish lend a pungent bite to this otherwise mild and creamy appetizer

8-oz. pkg. cream cheese, softened
1/2 cup of sour cream
1 c. macadamia nuts, chopped
2 T. prepared horseradish
2 green inion, minced
1/8 t. garlic salt
assorted crackers
Mix together all ingredients except crackers; chill. Serve with crackers. Make 6 to 10 servings.

Judy Borecky
Escondido, CA

*5. Hot Chili Cheese Dip(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Be sure to know this hearty dip on your menu the next time family & friends are over to watch the big game..... it will be a hit.
1 lb. mild or spicy ground pork sausage, browned and drained
2 (103/4-oz. cans nacho cheese soup
15-oz. can chili with beans
141/2 oz. can tomatoes with chiles
16-oz. pkg. pasteurized process cheese spread, cubed
Combine all ingredients except cheese in a large saucepan over medium heat; cook until bubbly. Add cheese. Reduced heat; cook and stir until cheese is completely melted.
Make 6 to 7 cups.

David Wink
Gooseberry Patch

*6. Super Nachos(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Keep these simple ingredients around for a quick & easy snack the whole family will enjoy
2 (10-inch) flour tortillas
3/4 c. salsa
4.5-oz. can green chiles, drained and diced
1/2 c. sliced black olives
1 c. shredded Monterey Jack cheese
Place tortilla on an ungreased baking sheet: spread salsa over tortilla.prinkle chiles and olives over salsa; top with cheese.
bake at 425 degrees for 10 minutes or until tortillas are crisp and cheese is melted. Use a pizza cutter to slice each into 8 wedges.
Make 8 appetizer servings

Mary Murray
Gooseberry Patch

@7. Party Cheese Ball(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
For a festive preservation roll up this flavorful mixture into 7 mini cheese balls as pictured opposite. for just one , proceed as directed in the recipe, rolling mixture into one large ball.
2 (8-oz.) pkgs. cream cheese, soften
2 c. shredded sharp Cheddar cheese
1 t. pimento, chopped
1 t. onion minced
1 t. lemon juice
1 t. green pepper chopped
2 t. Worcestershire sauce
1/8 cayenne pepper
1/8 t, salt
optional: chopped pecans
Bleen cream cheese until light and fluffy; and Cheddar cheese and next 7 ingredients. Shape into 7 mini balls(about one cup each); wrap into plastic wrap and refrigerate until firm. Roll in pecans, id desired
Make 7 mini balls

Sarah Sommers
Atwater, CA

@*8. Pizza Crescent Snacks(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Offer a pizza buffet line. Put all ingredients in the separate bowls, and let everyone create their own pizza.
8-oz. tube refrigerated crescent rolls
14 -oz. jar pizza sauce
3/4 c. sliced pepperoni
3/4 sliced mushrooms
1 c. shredded mozzarella cheese
Unroll crescent rolls into individual triangles on an ungreased baking sheet. Spread a layer of pizza sauce over dough and top with pepperoni and mushrooms. Sprinkle cheese on top; roll up into crescent shape.
baking at 375 degrees for 18 to 25 minutes or until rolls are golden and cheese is bubbling,
Make 8 appetizers.

Beth Flack
Terre Haute, IN

*@9. Munchable Snack Mix(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
This sweet and salty mix is ideal to take along in a road trip. It's a snack that will appeal to savory and sweet lovers alike
2(12-oz.) pkgs. candy-coated chocolate mini baking bits
12-oz. can salted peanuts
11-oz. pkg. butterscotch chips
2. c. raisins
1. cashews

Combined all ingredients in a large mixing bowl, mix well. Place in plastic zipping bags.
Make 9 cups.

Coralita Truax
Loudonville, OH

*10. Ranch Pretzel Bites(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
This snack mix is a variation on one that uses oyster crackers. Whichever you use, eat up, because it won't last for long!
16-oz. pkg. large pretzels
2-oz. pkg. ranch salad dressing mix
3/4 c. oil
11/2 t. garlic powder
11/2 t, dill weed

Break pretzels into bite-size pieces; place in a large mixing bowl. Combined remaining ingredients in a separate mixing bowl and pour over pretzels; toss to coat, Pour into an ungreased baking sheet.
bake at 200 degrees for 1 hour, stirring every 15 minutes.
Make 16 serving
Note: small bite-size pretzels may be substituted for a large pretzels.

Susan Young
Madison, AL

*11. Cheese bread Bites(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
make up of this double patch of these yummy bites to have on hand for unexpected company.... or for yourself for snacking! They're handy snack, because you can bake just a few at a time when you want them.
12-oz loaf French bread, crust trimmed
1 c. butter
1/2 lb. sharp Cheddar cheese cubed
2(3-oz.) pkgs. cream cheese soften
4 eggs whites stiffly beaten
Optional: marinara sauce
Cut bread into 1 inch cubes; set aside. Melt butter and cheeses in a double boiler over low heat, stirring often. Remove from heat; fold in egg whites. Dip bread cubes into cheese mixture; set on greased baking sheets. Place into freezer until frozen: remove from baking sheets and store in plastic zipping bags in the freezer up to one month.
To serve, bake frozen bites at 400 degrees for 12 minutes on greased baking sheets. Serve with marinara sauce, if desired.
Serve 8 to 10.

Nola Laflin
Coral Springs, FL

*12. Crispy Parmesan Pita Crackers(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
These is great salad and dips. For added flavor, sprinkle with garlic powder herbs before baking.
5 pita round
non-stick vegetable spray
1/2 c. grated Parmesan cheese
Split pitas and cut each half into wedges. Arrange on a baking sheet; spray lightly with non- stick vegetable spray and sprinkle with grated Parmesan. bake at 450 degrees for 8 to 10 minutes or until crisp.
make 5 dozen.

Laura Fuller
Fort Wayne, IN

*13. Blue Cheese Cut-Out Crackers(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
These delicate cheese wafers carry a touch of hot pepper... but you can season to your own taste.
1 c. all purpose flour
7 T. crumbled blue cheese
1 egg yolk
4 t. whipping cream
7 T. butter, softened
1/2 dried parsley
1/8 tsp. salt
cayenne pepper tto taste
Mix all ingredients in a bowl; let rest for 80 minutes. Roll dough out to 1/8 inch thickness. Use your favorite cookie cutter shapes to cut out the crackers. bake on ungreased baking sheet at 400 degrees
for 8 to 10 minutes or just until golden. Carefully remove the delicate crackers when cool.
Make 11/2 to 2 dozen.

*14. Tomato-Bacon Nibbles(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
A 1/4 teaspoon measuring spoon is just right for scooping out tiny tomatoes for stuffing.
24 to 30 cherry tomatoes
16 oz. pkg. bacon crispy cooked and crumbled
2 T. fresh parsley chopped
1/2 cup green onions finely chopped
3 T. grated parmesan cheese
1/2 cup mayonnaise
Cut a thin slice off the top of each tomatoes and if desired, cut a thin slice from bottom of each tomatoes( so the tomatoes will stand up right); scoop out and discard tomato pulp. Place tomatoes upside-down on a paper towel to drain for 10 minutes.
Mix bacon and remaining 4 ingredients in a small bowl, stuff tomatoes. Serve immediately or chill up to 2 hours. Make 2 to 21/2 dozen

Anna Mcmaster
Porland OR

*15. Party Tortilla Wraps(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Talk about versatile. These wraps are a great go-to for a tasty appetizer. a special treat for the lunch box or a handy afternoon snack.
8 oz. container chive cream cheese
4(10 inches) flour tortillas
1 Lb. sliced cooked ham
8 oz. pkg. shredded American cheese
Spread craem cheese evenly over tortillas. Place several slices of ham on each tortilla, sprinkle with shredded cheese
Roll up tortillas. Place in refrigerator for 15 minutes. Cut into one-inch piece. make 40 appetizers.

Manly Hardy
Middleville, MI

*16. Chicken Bites(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Once your kids get a taste of these crispy bites, they'll forgo the fast-food version!

4 boneless skinless chicken breasts, cubed
1/2 cup mayonnaise
1 sleeve round butter crackers crushed
Toss chicken cubes in mayonnaise, roll in crushed crackers. Place on an aluminum foil lined baking sheet and bake at 350 degrees for 10 minutes. Turn lined another 10 minutes or until juices run clear, when chicken is pierced with a fork. make 4 dozen appetizers

Twila Heohn
Fruitland, ID

*17. Hot Jalapeno Poppers(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
This is sure to be a favorite appetizer for those love a bit of heat in every bite

16 whole preserved jalapeno peppers
2 (8 oz. pkg. cream cheese, softened
1 egg, beaten
1 cup dry bread crumbles
1/2 cup vegetable oil

Open the end of each pepper with a small knife to remove the stem and seeds. using a pastry tube or a small sandwich bag with one corner cut off, fill each pepper with cream cheese, coat peppers in beaten egg and then dip in bread crumbles
Heat oil in a large skillet over medium heat, carefully place peppers in the pan and cook until golden, turning occasionally. Grain on paper towels. Serve 4.

@*18.Cheesy Potato Skins(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Make a meal out of this by adding your favorite meat.... barbecue pork, ham and chicken are all good choices.
4 Potatoes, bake and halved
1/2 cup shedded Cheddar cheese
1/2 cup shredded mozzarella cheese
2 green onions, chopped
4 t. bacon bites
Place potatoes on an ungreased baking sheet, sprinkle with cheeses. Top with onion and bacon; heat until cheese melts
Serve 4 to 8.
Dolores Brock
Wellton, AZ

@*19. Italian eggplant Sticks(Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn)
Served with marinara sauce or even salsa, this Italian-season veggies will get a big thumbs up from family and friends

3 eggplant peeled
1. cup Italian favored dry bread crumbs
1 tsp. salt
1 tsp. pepper
3 eggs
1/4 cup milk
oil for deep frying
Cue eggplant into3''x1/2' stick; place in ice water for 30 minutes. drain and set aside.
Combined bread crumbs, salt and pepper; set a side. Blend together eggs and milk in a shallow bowl, dip eggplant sticks into egg mixture and dredge in bread crumbs mixture. Arrange eggplant on an ungreased baking sheet. Cover and chill for 20 minutes.
Pour oil to a depth of one inch in a deep skillet; heat oil to 275 degrees. Add eggplant and cook 2 minutes on each side or until golden. Drain on paper towels. Serve 6

Karen Pitcher
Burleson, TX

@*20. Grape Jelly Meatballs
Meat balls are always a crowd please... especially this version that uses grape jelly. Serve them in a slow cooker to keep them warm.

1 Lb. ground beef
1/2 cup soft bread crumbs
1 egg
1/2 tsp. pepper
1/2 tsp. seasoned salt
1/2 tsp. garlic powder
1/2 cup instant rice, uncooked
2 onions. minced and divided
2 T. brown sugar, packed
14 oz. bottle catsup
3/4 cup grape jelly
1/2 tsp. Worcestershire sauce

Combined first 8 ingredients in a bowl; add half the onions and mixed well. Form mixture into one inch balls. Arrange in an ungreased shallow baking pan, set aside.
Combined brown sugar and remaining 3 ingredients in a heavy saucepan; cook until jelly melts, stirring often. Pour jelly mixture over meatballs. bake at 325 degrees for one hour. Served 4 to 6.

Karrie barley
Martinsburg, WV(31)


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Fresh and Easy Meals by Better Homes and Gardens
@*1. Honey-Mustard snack Mix

Prep.:  10 minutes
Bake 20 minutes
Oven 300 degrees F
Make 15(1/2 cup) servings

11/2 cups crispy corn and rice cereal
1 cup bite-size shredded wheat biscuits
3/4 cup unblanched whole almonds
1/2 cup peanuts
2 tsp. butter
3 tsp. honey mustards
1 tsp. Worcestershire sauce
1/4 tsp. garlic powder
1/4 tsp. cayenne pepper
4 cups plain popped popcorn

In a foil-lined 13x9x2 inch baking pan place cereal, wheat, biscuits, almonds and peanuts; set a side. In a small saucepan melt butter. Removed saucepan from heat; stir in mustard, Worcestershire sauces, garlic powder, and cayenne pepper until combined. Drizzle over cereal and nut mixture in pan tossing gently to coat.
Bake mixture, uncovered, in 300 degrees oven for 20 minutes, gently stirring after 10 minutes. Stir in popcorn. Lift foil to remove bake mixture from pan; cool completely. Serve immediately.

Nutrition facts per serving: 113 Cal, 8 g total fat(2 g sat. fat). 4 mg cholesterol, 87 mg sodium, 9 g carbo, 2 g fiber, 3 g pro.
.Daily values: 2% vitamin A, 1% vitamin C, 2% calcium, 8% iron.


@*2. Hot and spicy Walnuts
Nut hits the spot as snack, and this snack is loaded with them. walnuts have more heart-healthy Omega-3 fat than other nuts. Use canola oil in the recipe to boost it Omega 3 content even more.

Prep. 10 minutes
Bake 20 minutes
Cool 15 minutes
Oven 300 degree F
Make 8 (1/4 cup) servings

1 tsp. ground coriander
1 tsp. ground cumin
!/2 tsp. salt
1/4 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
1/2 tsp. cayenne pepper
2 cups walnuts halves
1 tsp. cooking oil

In a small bowl stir together coriander, cumin, salt, black pepper, and cayenne pepper; set aside. Place nuts in a 13x9x2 inch baking pan. Drizzle with the oil, stir to coat. Sprinkle with choice mixture; toss lightly.
Baking in a 300 degrees oven for 20 munities or until nuts are slightly toasted, stirring once or twice. Cool in pan for 15 minutes. Turn out onto paper towels; cool completely. Store, covered in a cool place.
Nutrition facts per serving: 214 Cal. 21 g total fat(2g sat. fat), O mg cholesterol, 147 mg sodium, 4g carbo, 2 g fiber, 5 g pro.
Daily value: 1% vitamin C, 3% calcium, 5% iron.

@*3. Spiced chili nuts and seeds
Pick your favorite nuts and seed for this snack recipe. Orange juice concentration spiked with piquant spices gives the mixture a burst of favor.

Prep. 10 minutes
Bake 15 minutes
Oven 300 degrees F
Make 16 (1/4 cup) serving

2 tsp. frozen orange juice concentrate thawed.
2 tsp. Worcestershire sauce
1 tsp. garlic powder
1 tsp. ground cumin
1 tsp. chili powder
1/2 tsp. cayenne pepper
1/4 tsp. salt
1/4 tsp. ground allspice
1.4 tsp. onion salt
2 cups unsalted peanuts, hazelnuts, and/or Brazil nuts
1 cup pecan halves
6 tsp. unsalted shelled sunflower seeds
2 tsp. sesame seeds
Non stick cooking tray

In a large bowl, combined orange juice concentrate, Worcestershire sauce, garlic powder, cumin, chili powder, cayenne pepper,salt, allspice, black pepper and onion salt. Stir in nuts and seeds; toss to coat.
Line a 15x10x1 inch baking pan with foil; slightly coat with nonstick cooking spray. Spread nuts and seed on foil. Bake in a300 degrees oven for 15 to 20 minutes or until toasted, stirring once. Cool. Store in an airtight container at room temperature for up to 1 week.

Nutrition facts per serving: 186Cal, 16 g total fat(2 g sat. fat), 0mg cholesterol, 59 sodium, 7 g carbo, 3 g fiber, 6 g pro.
daily value: 2% vitamin A, 6% vitamin C, 2% calcium, 5% iron.


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Company Coming salads  by Jean Pare

@*1. Garden Toss(Company Coming salads  by Jean Pare)
Refreshing and crisp with a creamy. Contains an excellent mixture
Tiny frozen peas, thawed  1cup   250 ml
Chopped celery   2./3 cup 150 ml
Fined chopped onion  1/4 cup  50 ml
salad dressing (or mayonnaise)  1/2 cup  125 ml
Milk 3 tbsp.  50 ml
Prepared mustard   1/2 tsp.  2 ml
Granulated sugar   1/2 tsp. 2 ml
Salt 1/4 tsp.  1 ml
Pepper 1/16 tsp.  0.5 ml
Head lettuce, cut or torn, lightly packed 4 cups  1L
dark green, such as Romaine or spinach, cut or torn, lightly packed

Combined peas, celery and onion in a large bowl.
Mix next 6 ingredients in a small container. Add to celery mixture. Stir.
Cover and chill until before serving
Add lettuce, dark greens and bacons. Toss to coat. Serve 6.

@*2. Creamy Caesar(Company Coming salads  by Jean Pare)
Caesar dressing
1 garlic clove
1 large egg(or 2 small)
1 tsp.(5 ml) Worcestershine sauces
2 tbsp. (30ml) lemon juice
2 tsp. (10ml) Anchovy paste
Pepper just a dash
1 cup (250ml) cooking oil

Croutons
1 garlic clove. sliced
2 tbsp. (30ml) butter or margarine
4-5 white bread slices, cubed

Salad
1 large head Romaine lettuce
2 cups (500ml) Croutons

8 bacon slices
Cooked and crumbled
Grated Parmesan cheese

Caesar dressing: Put first 6 ingredients into blender. Blend until smooth. With blender running adding cooking oil in a slow stream. Chill about 2 hours.
Crouton: Saute garlic in butter for 2 to 3 minutes. Remove garlic and discard. Add bread cubes. fry until golden, stirring often. remove. Cool
Salad: tear lettuce into bite size pieces in a salad bowl. Add croutons and dressing. Toss to coat.
Sprinkle with bacon and cheese. Serve 6.


@*3. Spinach make ahead(Company Coming salads  by Jean Pare)
This is a green that can be made "the day before"

6 cups (1.5 L) spinach leaves, torn, lightly packed
1/2 cup (125ml) grated or cubed Swiss cheese
1/2 cup (125 ml) grated or cubed Cheddar cheese
2 cups (500 ml) sliced fresh mushroom
4 hard-boiled eggs, sliced

1 cup (250 ml) salad dressing (mayonnaise)
1/2 cup (125 ml) sour cream
3 tbsp. (50ml) milk
2 tsp. (10ml) lemon juice
2 tsp. (10ml) granulated sugar
1/4 cup (50ml) thinly slice green onions
4 bacon slice, cooked and crumbled

Arrange torn green spinach leaves in bottom of the medium size glass bowl. Put grated cheese on top. Spread mushrooms over cheese. Cover with sliced eggs.
In a small cream well, salad dressing, sour cream, milk, lemon juice and sugar. Stir in onions. Bread over top of salad right to the slices of bowl. Cover. Chilled overnight.
To serve remove cover, sprinkle bacon over top. Serve 8.

Romaine make ahead: Omit spinach and use Romaine lettuce in above salad. Every bit as good.

Variation: Omit salad dressing and sour cream. Add 8 oz. (250g) cream cheese mixed with1/2 cup (125 ml) sour cream

@*4. Lettuce tomato(Company Coming salads  by Jean Pare)

A pretty salad to brighten appetites

1/4 lettuce, solid medium head
2-3 green onions, chopped
1-2 tomatoes, cut into small chunks
1/4 to 1/2 cup (50-125 ml) salad dressing (or mayonnaise) to coat
Cut a tear lettuce into bite size pieces in a salad bowl. Add green onions. Add tomatoes just before serving as not dilute dressing. Add salad dressing. Toss to coat. Serve 4.


@*5. Spinach salad(Company Coming salads  by Jean Pare)
Not the usual spinach salad. Different and tastier.
Dressing
1/2 cup (125 ml) salad dressing (or mayonnaise)
1/4 cup (60 ml) commercial coleslaw dressing
1/4 tsp. (1 ml) dill weed

Salad
6 cups (1.5 ml) spinach leaves, torn and lightly packed
1/4 cups (60 ml) grated Swiss cheese
1 cup (250 ml) fresh sliced mushrooms
6 bacon slice, cooked and crumbled
2. hard- boiled eggs, chopped

Dressing: Combined all 3 ingredients in a small bowl. Stir. Set aside.
salad: Place spinach in a large bowl. Add about 3/4 dressing. Toss to coat. pile onto 4 to 6sald plates
Sprinkle Swiss cheese over top. Sprinkle with mushrooms, bacon and egg. Drizzle remaining dressing over top. Serve immediately. Serve 4 to 6.

Variation: Swiss cheese may be omitted. Double amount of Cheddar for equally good results.

Romaine salad: substitute Romaine lettuce for spinach leaves. Delicious and easier to obtain at time than spinach.

6.Wilted lettuce



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Working parents by Jeff and Jodie Morgan

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The vegetarian collection  by Alison Kent and Canadian living test Chicken

@*1. Lentil Feta salad(The vegetarian collection  by Alison Kent and Canadian living test Chicken)
prep. 20 minutes, cook 25 minutes, make 6 serving
1/2 cup (125 ml) slivered almond
1 cup (250 ml) dried green lentils, rinsed and drained
2 cloves garlics
1/4 cup (60 ml) extra virgin olive oil
3 tbsp. (45 ml) red wine vinegar
1 tbsp. (15 ml) finely chopped fresh oregano
1/4 tsp. (1ml) each salt and pepper
11/2 cups(375 ml) sliced seeded cucumber
1 cup (250 ml) halved cherry or grape tomatoes
1/2 cup (125 ml) diced sweet or red onion, rinsed and drained
2 tbsp. (30 ml) chopped fresh parsley
3/4 cup (175 ml) crumbled feta cheese

In  small dry skillet, toast almonds over medium heat, stirring often, until golden, about 5 minutes.
Bring large pot of salted water to boil. Add lentils and garlic, reduced heat and simmer until tender about 20 minutes. Drain and rinse in cold water, drain again. Discard garlic.
In large bowl, whisk together oil, vinegar, oregano, salt and pepper. Add lentils, cucumber, tomatoes, onion and parsley, toss to coast.
Stir in almonds and all but 1/4 cup (60ml) of the feta: sprinkle with remaining feta just before serving.

@*2. Peasant soup(The vegetarian collection  by Alison Kent and Canadian living test Chicken)
Prep. 10 minutes, cook 15 minutes, make 6 serving
2 tbsp. (30 ml) vegetable oil
3 stacks celery, diced
2 carrots, diced
1 onion, diced
5 cloves garlic, minced
1/2 tsp. (2ml) salt
1/2 tsp. (2ml) dried mint
1/4 tsp. (1ml) turmeric
1 can (28 oz./796 ml) whole tomatoes
1/3 cup (75 ml) dried green lentils, rinsed and drained
1 tbsp. (15 ml) tomato paste
1/2 cup (125 ml) mini shell pasta
1 can (19 oz./ 540 ml) bean medley, drained and rinsed
2 tbsp. (30 ml) chopped fresh parsley

In large saucepan or Dutch oven, heat oil over medium heat, fry celery, carrots, onion, garlic salt mint, turmeric, stirring occasionally until softened about 6 minutes.
Stir in tomatoes, breaking up with back of spoon; stir in lentils, tomato paste and 41/2 cups (1125ml) water. Bring to boil, reduced heat and simmer. covered until lentils are tender about 25 minutes.
Meanwhile, in large pot of boiling salted water, cook pasta until al dente, about 8 minutes. Drain and add to soup along with beans and parsley; simmer for 5 minutes.(16)






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4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books)

*1. Almond bread slice(4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Make 15 slices
4 egg whites
1/2 cup sugar
1 cup oil purpose flour 1 cup sliced almonds
Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F. beat egg whites until stiff, then add sugar and bear for 1 minutes. Stir in a lined loaf pan and bake for 40 minutes. Re move loaf from oven but leave oven on. When cool enough to handle, thinly slice loaf and place slices on a baking sheet.
Return to oven for 10 minutes or until browned.

*2. Bacon and egg muffin(4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 1
A recipe from Brett McCosker
1 egg
1 slice bacon
1 English muffin
1 tsp. barbecue sauce

Ina small skillet, fry egg and bacon, drain on paper towels. Toast muffin a toaster, spread with barbecue sauce and top with bacon and egg.
Optional: add a slice of cheese.

*3. Bircher Muesli(4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 1
1/2 cup natural muesli
1/2 cup orange juice
2 tsp. plain yogurt
1 green apple, grated Soak muesli in Juice for 15 minutes. Mix the remaining ingredients and serve.

*4. Broil apple, banana and Ricotta stack(4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 1
This is a charming break fast. Your guests will be impressed

1 apple, sliced
1 banana, sliced
2 tsp. fresh ricotta cheese
1 tsp. honey

preheat the broiler. broil apple for 3 minutes or until soft. On a plate, layer apple and banana. Top with ricotta and drizzle with honey.
Optional: This  is also delicious done with pear rather than apple or a combination of both.

*5. Broil Grapefruit(4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 2
2 medium grapefruit (Ruby red and Rio red are sweeter varieties)
1 tsp. honey
1 tsp. brown sugar
6 ounces vanilla yogurt
Preheat the broiler. Haves each grapefruit and carefully loosen's segments with a sharp knife. Combined honey and brown sugar. Place grapefruit in a small ovenproof dish and drizzle with honey sugar mixture. Broil for 3 to 4 minutes, or until slightly browned. Serve with yogurt.

*6. Broil pears with yogurt(4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 2

2 pears, halved lengthwise and cored
1/4 cup of yogurt (flavor of your choice)
Preheat the broiler. Broil pears cut sides up to 3 minutes or until soft. Top with yogurt.

 *7.  Chestnut topping(4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 2
3 tsp. butter
1 tsp. brown sugar
4 - 5 ounces cooked peeled chestnuts, finely chopped
Melt butter in a small skillet. Add brown sugar and stir until dissolved. Add chestnuts and sauté until barely browned.

8. Chili and sugar-bake bacon(4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 4
2 tsp. mild chili powder
3/4 cup packed brown sugar
12 thick slices smoked bacon
Preheat the oven to 325 degrees F. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper. Mix chili powder and brown sugar in a shallow bowl. bury each pieces of bacon in the mix and rub both side to coat well. Place bacon on baking sheet and bake for 30 minutes without turning until nice and crispy.

*9. Citrus Pancakes(4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 4
1 cup self-rising flour
1 egg
1 cup milk
Finely grated zest of 1 orange
Pop flour into a bowl with pinch of salt. gradually beat in egg and with milk until thick and smooth. Add orange zest. heat a non-stick skillet. Pour desired quantity into skillet, cook until bubbling on top. and then flip.

Optional: Serve with maple syrup, lemon juice and sugar, honey or stewed fruits.

*10. English muffin with strawberries(4 Ingredients by Kim McCosker and Rachael Bermingham (Atria Books))
Serve 1
This is a lovely way to start the day!

1 English muffin
2 tsp. cream cheese
6 strawberries, quartered
2 tsp. maple syrup
Cut muffin in half and toast. Spread cream cheese on both halves, top with strawberries and drizzle with maple syrup.

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125 Best Chinese Recipe1 By Bill Jones and Stephen Wong (Robert Rose)

@1. Chicken stock
5 lb. chicken backs and necks
3 large onion, peeled and roughly chopped
3 carrots, roughly chopped
3 stalks of celery, roughly chopped
1/2 garlic head
8 slice ginger root
1 small handful mixed herbs(cilantro, basil, etc.)
5 whole pepper corns
1tbsp salt (preferred sea salt)
20 cups water
1. Place ingredients in a large stockpot, adding more water, if necessary to cover. Bring mixture to a broil; reduce heat and simmer gently for 3 hours, skimming occasionally to remove any foam or impurities that rise to the top. Try not to let the mixture boil or broth will be cloudy.
2. strain in to container and cool to room temperature before refrigerating. (If hot stock is placed directly in the fridge, it will sometime sour). for a more intensely flavored stock, let liquid cool; return stock to pot and over low heat, simmer until volume is reduced by half.


@2. Fisk stock
5 lb. fish bones, rinse under cold water to remove any blood
3 large onion, peeled and roughly chopped
2 leeks, washed and roughly chopped
3 stalks of celery, roughly chopped
1 head fennel, sliced
3 bay leaves
1 small mixed herb (cilantro, basil, etc.)
5 whole pepper corns
2 tsp. fennel seed
2 tsp. whole allspice
2 tsp. whole coriander seed
2 cups white wine
20 cups water
1. Place ingredients in a large stockpot, adding more water, if necessary to cover. Bring mixture to a broil; reduce heat and simmer gently for 1 hour, skimming occasionally to remove any foam or impurities that rise to the top. Try not to let the mixture boil or broth will be cloudy.
2. strain in to container and cool to room temperature before refrigerating. (If hot stock is placed directly in the fridge, it will sometime sour). for a more intensely flavored stock, let liquid cool; return stock to pot and over low heat, simmer until volume is reduced by half.

@3. Beef stock
5 lb. beef bone a(shine or neck)
3 large onion, peeled and roughly chopped
3 carrots, roughly chopped
3 stalks of celery, roughly chopped
1/2 garlic head
1/2 cup tomato paste
3 bay leaves
1 small handful thyme
1 small handful rosemary
1 small handful marjoram
1 bunch parsley stalks
5 whole pepper corns
20 cups water
1, Pace bone in a pan and roast until lightly golden, about 2 hours. Add vegetables and garlic; roast 1 hour. Add tomato paste, stirring to coat. roast 30 minutes.
1. Place roast bones and vegetables in a large stockpot, add remain ingredients. Add more water, if necessary to cover. Bring mixture to a broil; reduce heat and simmer gently for 8 hours, skimming occasionally to remove any foam or impurities that rise to the top. Try not to let the mixture boil or broth will be cloudy.
2. Strain in to container and cool to room temperature before refrigerating. (If hot stock is placed directly in the fridge, it will sometime sour). for a more intensely flavored stock, let liquid cool; return stock to pot and over low heat, simmer until volume is reduced by half.

@4. Vegetable stock
4 large onions, peeled and roughly chopped
2 leeks, washed and roughly chopped
5 stalks of celery, roughly chopped
3 bay leaves
1 small mixed herb (cilantro, basil, etc.)
10 whole pepper corns
1/2 head garlic
2 ginger slices
1 tsp. fennel seed
1 tsp. whole allspice
1 tsp. whole coriander seed
2 cups white wine
20 cups water
1. Place ingredients in a large stockpot, adding more water, if necessary to cover. Bring mixture to a broil; reduce heat and simmer gently for 2 hours, skimming occasionally to remove any foam or impurities that rise to the top. Try not to let the mixture boil or broth will be cloudy.
2. strain in to container and cool to room temperature before refrigerating. (If hot stock is placed directly in the fridge, it will sometime sour). for a more intensely flavored stock, let liquid cool; return stock to pot and over low heat, simmer until volume is reduced by half.

@5. Home style 5 spice mix
2 tbsp. fennel seeds
2 tbsp. clove sticks
2 tbsp. star rinse
2 tbsp. Szechuan peppercorns
2 cinnamon sticks
1. In a nonstick pan over medium heat, cook the spices, shaking the pan constantly. When the pan just begins to smoke, remove from heat transfer contents to a place to cool.
2 In a small coffee or spice grinder ( you canalso use a mortar and pestle or blender or food processor) grind spices until a fine powder is obtained. transfer to a small, sealable plastic container and reserve until needed

@4. Sweet Soya sauce substitute
1 cup dark soya sauce
2 tbsp. brown sugar
1 tbsp. dark molassess
Place ingredients in a small bowl; mix well to combine. Cover and store in refrigerator until needed


@5. Ginger green onion pesto
1 cup sliced green onions
2 tbsp. minced ginger root
1tsp. salt
1 cup vegetable oil
1/2 cup sesame seeds
In a food processor or blender, combine all ingredients. Pulse on and off until the mixture achieves a uniform consistency. transfer to a sealable container and refrigerate.


@6. Toasted chill oil
2 tbsp. dried chili flakes
2 cups vegetable oil
1. in a heavy skillet or small saucepan, heat chili flakes until toasted and almost smoking. carefully pour in the oil and heat for 1 minute. remove from heat and allow the flavors to infude for at least 20 minutes.
2. transfer to a sterilized glass jar or bottle and refrigerate.


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Asthma in Folate points of view

The widespread of incidence of asthma over large 20 years in South East Asian population, specially in children and aging group has caused some concerns to the government and scientific community. It may be due to over intake in artificial ingredients, polluted environment as well as intake foods  triggering the inflammatory allergens.

Folate, also known as folic acid, vitamin B9, is a water soluble vitamin, found abundantly in leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, beans, whole grain, etc. The vitamin plays an important role in synthesize DNA, repair DNA, and methylate DNA as well as to act as a cofactor in certain biological reactions, production of red blood cells for anemia prevention.

1. Serum levels of folate
 Scientific studies, linking serum levels of folate associated to risk of asthma have produced inconsistent results. The study by Ain Shams University showed that serum folate levels are significantly lower among atopics, and correlate inversely with the degree of atopy  among asthmatics(1). Other researchers suggested that low serum folate and impaired folate metabolism may be a potential risk factors for development of asthma and atopic disease, according to The Capital Region of Denmark, in a random sample of 6784 persons from a general population aged 30-60 years participated in a health examination in 1999-2001, low levels of serum of folate were associated with self-reported doctor-diagnosed asthma and attacks of shortness of breath, but not with lung function or atopy(2). The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine study also indicated that the effects of serum levels of folate were associated inversely associated with high total IgE levels, atopy, and wheeze(3).

2. The effects of folate in maternal intake
Folic acid supplementation has an established role in early pregnancy for preventing neural tube defects, but its causes of childhood asthma and asthmatic symptoms in epidemiological studies have been inconclusive results. According to the University of Western Australia, maternal folic acid exposure may be associated to childhood asthma and wheeze(4). Other in the study of pre-natal FACSs exposure population showed a small increased risk of early wheeze, but no adverse association of respiratory or allergic outcomes(5). In the study using the data from an Australian prospective birth cohort study (n = 557) from 1998 to 2005. At 3.5 years and 5.5 years, 490 and 423 mothers and children participation, researchers at the The University of Adelaide, indicated the correlation of the supplementation with folate in pregnancy and incidence of childhood allergic asthma through epigenetic mechanisms and also associated with poorer respiratory outcomes in young children(6).

Since the search of the effect of folate intake in reduced risk and treatment of asthma have produced limitation of result, we concluded that folate deficiency or low levels of folate may be associated to increased risk of early onset of the disease, but multi centers and large sample size studies are necessary to improve its validation. Overdoses of folate may cause stomach problems, sleep problems, skin reactions, seizures, etc., please make sure you follow the guideline of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.

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References
(1) Study of folate status among Egyptian asthmatics by Farres MN1, Shahin RY, Melek NA, El-Kabarity RH, Arafa NA.(PubMed)
(2) Atopy, asthma, and lung function in relation to folate and vitamin B(12) in adults by Thuesen BH1, Husemoen LL, Ovesen L, Jørgensen T, Fenger M, Gilderson G, Linneberg A.(PubMed)
(3) Higher serum folate levels are associated with a lower risk of atopy and wheeze by Matsui EC1, Matsui W.(PubMed)
(4) Folic acid in pregnancy - is there a link with childhood asthma or wheeze? by Sharland E1, Montgomery B, Granell R.(PubMed)
(5) Maternal use of folic acid supplements during pregnancy, and childhood respiratory health and atopy by Bekkers MB1, Elstgeest LE, Scholtens S, Haveman-Nies A, de Jongste JC, Kerkhof M, Koppelman GH, Gehring U, Smit HA, Wijga AH.(PubMed)
(6) Effect of supplemental folic acid in pregnancy on childhood asthma: a prospective birth cohort study by Whitrow MJ1, Moore VM, Rumbold AR, Davies MJ.(PubMed)

Wednesday, April 16, 2014

Asthma in Vitamin K points of view

The widespread of incidence of asthma over large 20 years in South East Asian population, specially in children and aging group has caused some concerns to the government and scientific community. It may be due to over intake in artificial ingredients, polluted environment as well as intake foods  triggering the inflammatory allergens.
Vitamin K(K1, phylloquinone; K2, menaquinones), is a fat soluble vitamin, found abundantly in leafy green vegetables, broccoli, and Brussels sprouts, etc. It is best known for promotion of coagulation and bone health.
Epidemiological studies focusing vitamin K in reduced risk and treatment of asthma have been inconclusive(a)(b)(c).

Menaquinone (vitamin K2), a variant of vitamin K, in a double blind study of 191 patients with bronchial asthma, showed an effective rate of 90.9% in mild patients, 86.7% in moderate patients, and 72.7% in severe patients(1). Other researchers suggested that treatment of menaquinone for long periods in patients with bronchial asthma indicated a significant inhibition of the disease(2). The data base of PubMed showed limitation in quantity of the research, we, therefore make no conclusion of the effectiveness of the vitamin in reduced risk and treatment of asthma. Overdoses can induce symptoms of Skin rash,  Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting, Anemia, etc. Please make sure you follow the guideline of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.
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References
(a) Maternal intake of vitamins A, E and K in pregnancy and child allergic disease: a longitudinal study from the Danish National Birth Cohort by Maslova E, Hansen S, Strøm M, Halldorsson TI, Olsen SF.(PubMed)
(b) Fat-soluble vitamins and atopic disease: what is the evidence? by Litonjua AA.(PubMed)
(c) [Antioxidant and fat intake in patients with polinic asthma].[Article in Spanish] by de Luis DA1, Izaola O, Aller R, Armentia A, Cuéllar L.(PubMed)
(1) Menaquinone (vitamin K2) therapy for bronchial asthma. II. Clinical effect of menaquinone on bronchial asthma by Kimur I, Tanizaki Y, Sato S, Saito K, Takahashi K.(PubMed)
(2) Menaquinone (vitamin K2) therapy for bronchial asthma. I. Mechanism of action menaquinone on allergic reactions by Kimura I, Tanizaki Y, Sato S, Saito K, Takahashi K.(PubMed)

Tuesday, April 15, 2014

Asthma in Vitamin E points of view

The widespread of incidence of asthma over large 20 years in South East Asian population, specially in children and aging group has caused some concerns to the government and scientific community. It may be due to over intake in artificial ingredients, polluted environment as well as intake foods  triggering the inflammatory allergens.
 Vitamin E,  a fat soluble vitamin, consisting eight different variants (alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocopherol and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienol) with varying levels of biological activity(2), found abundantly in corn oil, soybean oil, margarine, wheat germ oil, sunflower,safflower oils, etc. plays an important role in neurological functions and inhibition of platelet aggregation, regulation of enzymatic activity, free radical scavenger, etc..
General consensus suggestion of increased dietary vitamin E intake is associated with a reduced incidence of asthma, due its antioxidant status, but epidemiological studeies, linking vitamin E inreduced risk and treatment of asthma have not been conclusive(a)(b)(c)(d)(e).

1. Serum levels of vitamin E
Serum levels of vitamin in asthmatic patients may be correlated to the occurrence of the diseases. The University of Tampere study of in five European rural settings with Children of 1133 mothers recruited during pregnancy, showed no associated of with allergies or asthma by 6 years of age regardless the concentration of vitamin E(1). and the study of the Yamaguchi University, also indicated no correlation of levels of vitamin E and asthma in the a total of Of 2796 students attending schools in Shunan, Japan, in 2006.(1a). The University of Medical Sciences study indicated other wise as treatment of fluticasone and vitamin E (50mg/day) showed an significantly increased of Serum level of Vitamin E, with improved FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio(2). The study of acute asthmatic attack in children, showed a high degree of reactive oxygen species formation causing considerable oxidative stress with the high level of oxidants Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and low level of antioxidants(vitamin C, vitamin E and uric acid)(3). Researchers at the Oslo University Hospital, in the study of children of 7-12 yr with asthma (n = 50) and no asthma (controls) (n = 52)indicated that schoolchildren with asthma and rhinitis had reduced levels of the major serum antioxidant albumin, and poorly controlled asthma was associated with decreased vitamin E and transferrin levels(4).


2. The effects
The Northwestern University study indicated the opposing regulatory effects as allergic inflammation is inhibited by supplementation with the purified natural vitamin E isoform α-tocopherol but elevated by the isoform γ-tocopherol when administered at physiological tissue concentrations(5)(6). But according to University of North Carolina School of Medicine, γ-tocopherol (GT) significantly decreased (p < 0.05) internalization of attached zymosan bioparticles and macrophage expression of CD206, CD36 and CD86 in allergic asthmatics through downregulation of both innate and adaptive immune response elements, and atopic status(7).  The composition containing 623 mg of gamma-tocopherol, 61.1 mg of d-alpha-tocopherol, 11.1 mg of d-beta-tocopherol (11.1 mg), and 231 mg of d-sigma-tocopherol capsule in Phase I human dosing study showed the decreased systemic oxidative stress, increased serum levels of gamma-tocopherol, and inhibited monocyte responses to LPS without any adverse health effects(8). In Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized Brown Norway rats, treatment of gamma-tocopherol (gammaT), inhibited the pathogenesis of both AR and asthma inflammatory pathways(9). Suggestion of oxidant stress and diminished antioxidant defenses may be a cause of asthmatic disease(10) and uncontrolled asthma and severe asthma pattern have impaired antioxidant defences and are thus most susceptible to the damaging effects of oxidative stress(11). 1500 IU of natural-source d-α-tocopheryl acetate daily for at least 16 weeks in volunteered asthmatic patient, showed to inhibited oxidant stress, through  modulation of allergic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness in human atopic asthmatics in vivo(12).

Taking altogether, Aγ-tocopherol, a variant of vitamin E, may be effective in reduced risk and treatment of asthmatic disorder, but further large sample and in multi centers studies are necessary to validate it claims. Over doses of vitamin E supplement can cause symptoms of blurred vision, weakness, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, etc., please make sure you follow the guideline of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.

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References
(a) Vitamin E supplements in asthma: a parallel group randomised placebo controlled trial by Pearson PJ1, Lewis SA, Britton J, Fogarty A(PubMed)
(b) Effects of vitamin E on mitochondrial dysfunction and asthma features in an experimental allergic murine model by Mabalirajan U1, Aich J, Leishangthem GD, Sharma SK, Dinda AK, Ghosh B.(PubMed)
(c) Diet and asthma: vitamins and methyl donors by Han YY1, Blatter J1, Brehm JM1, Forno E1, Litonjua AA2, Celedón JC3.(PubMed)
(d) Asthma, allergy, and responses to methyl donor supplements and nutrients by Sharma S1, Litonjua A(PubMed)
(e) Vitamin e supplementation, lung functions and clinical manifestations in children with moderate asthma: a randomized double blind placebo- controlled trial by Ghaffari J1, Farid Hossiani R, Khalilian A, Nahanmoghadam N, Salehifar E, Rafatpanah H.(PubMed)
(1) Serum vitamin E concentrations at 1 year and risk of atopy, atopic dermatitis, wheezing, and asthma in childhood: the PASTURE study by Nwaru BI1, Virtanen SM, Alfthan G, Karvonen AM, Genuneit J, Lauener RP, Dalphin JC, Hyvärinen A, Pfefferle P, Riedler J, Weber J, Roduit C, Kaulek V, Braun-Fahrländer C, von Mutius E, Pekkanen J; PASTURE study group.(PubMed)
(1a) Association of serum carotenoids and tocopherols with atopic diseases in Japanese children and adolescents by Okuda M1, Bando N, Terao J, Sasaki S, Sugiyama S, Kunitsugu I, Hobara T.(PubMed)
(2) Vitamin e supplementation, lung functions and clinical manifestations in children with moderate asthma: a randomized double blind placebo- controlled trial by Ghaffari J1, Farid Hossiani R, Khalilian A, Nahanmoghadam N, Salehifar E, Rafatpanah H.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant status in acute asthmatic attack in children by Al-Abdulla NO1, Al Naama LM, Hassan MK.(PubMed)
(4) Altered oxidative state in schoolchildren with asthma and allergic rhinitis by Bakkeheim E1, Mowinckel P, Carlsen KH, Burney P, Carlsen KC.(PubMed)
(5) Vitamin E isoforms as modulators of lung inflammation by Abdala-Valencia H1, Berdnikovs S, Cook-Mills JM.(PubMed)
(6) Two faces of vitamin E in the lung by Cook-Mills JM1, Abdala-Valencia H, Hartert T.(PubMed)
(7) Effects of ex vivo γ-tocopherol on airway macrophage function in healthy and mild allergic asthmatics by Geiser M1, Lay JC, Bennett WD, Zhou H, Wang X, Peden DB, Alexis NE.(PubMed)
(8) In vivo gamma-tocopherol supplementation decreases systemic oxidative stress and cytokine responses of human monocytes in normal and asthmatic subjects by Wiser J1, Alexis NE, Jiang Q, Wu W, Robinette C, Roubey R, Peden DB.(PubMed)
(9) Gamma-tocopherol prevents airway eosinophilia and mucous cell hyperplasia in experimentally induced allergic rhinitis and asthma by Wagner JG1, Jiang Q, Harkema JR, Ames BN, Illek B, Roubey RA, Peden DB.(PubMed)
(10) Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in Saudi asthmatic patients by Al-Afaleg NO1, Al-Senaidy A, El-Ansary A.(PubMed)
(11) Reduced circulating antioxidant defences are associated with airway hyper-responsiveness, poor control and severe disease pattern in asthma by Wood LG1, Gibson PG.(PubMed)
(12) Natural-source d-α-tocopheryl acetate inhibits oxidant stress and modulates atopic asthma in humans in vivo by Hoskins A1, Roberts JL 2nd, Milne G, Choi L, Dworski R.(PubMed)

Monday, April 14, 2014

Asthma in Vitamin D points of view

The widespread of incidence of asthma over large 20 years in South East Asian population, specially in children and aging group has caused some concerns to the government and scientific community. It may be due to over intake in artificial ingredients, polluted environment as well as intake foods  triggering the inflammatory allergens.
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroids found in small amount in few foods, including salmon, mackerel, sardines and tuna. The vitamin plays an important role in modulation of cellular proliferation, apoptosis induction, tumor growth suppression and promotion in absorption of minerals, including calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphate and zinc.

1. Serum of vitamin D
Epidemiological studies, linking the levels of serum 25-OH vitamin D with asthma may be inconclusive. The study of included 4,999 adults aged 30-60 years in 1999-2001. 3,032 of those included at baseline also participated at a follow-up examination 5 years later and 3,727 answered a 10 year follow-up questionnaire, showed no association of serum serum 25-OH vitamin D and the risk of asthma in Danish adults(1)(1a). Some researchers in the study of general Korean population suggested that vitamin D-insufficiency may have an increased likelihood of atopic dermatitis, but not asthma, allergic rhinitis, or IgE sensitization(2)(2a). But the study by Royal Brompton Hospital, London indicated otherwise in the study of relationships between serum vitamin D, lung function, and pathology in children with severe, therapy-resistant asthma (STRA)(3)(4) and 25 hydroxy vitamin D insufficiency is associated with bronchial asthma(4a) On the other hand, the study of iMayo Clinic indicated the correlation between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and positive pneumococcal antibody levels in all subjects regardless of asthma(5).

2. The benefits
According to the study by Universitätsmedizin Berlin, oral administration of vitamin D in vitamin D deficiency induced asthma, showed an increased expression of CD38 on B cells and a decreased T-cell-dependent proinflammatory cytokine production in doses of(6). In support to above study, Vitamin D found to decreaed inflammatory cytokine production from T-cell subsets implicated in asthma, according to Florida Atlantic University(7). In patient with in patients with steroid-resistant (SR) and steroid-sensitive (SS) asthma, oral administration of vitamin D, although exerted its anti-inflammatory and corticosteroid-enhancing effects in monocytes of patients with SR asthma and patients with SS asthma, the responses to corticosteroids in patients with SR asthma remained significantly lower than those in patients with SS asthma(8). Other in the study of the effect of vitamin D in severe therapy-resistant asthma (STRA) patients, showed an positive effect of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D in culture enhanced dexamethasone-induced IL-10 (Defective IL-10 expression causes a significantly diminished levels of anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10))without marked effects on IL-13 or IL-17A production(9). Patients with severe asthma exhibited increased levels of TH17 cytokines.The study of King's College London, also suggested that 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits TH17 cytokine production in all patients with moderate-to-severe asthma(10), enhances the frequency of Treg cells(11)and upregulates CD200 on peripheral human CD4+ T cells(12).

Taking altogether, without going into reviews,  vitamin D used conjunction with other anti asthma medicine and its the active form 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, may be associated to reduced risk and treatment of asthmatic diseases.  Over doses of vitamin D supplement may cause excessive calcium absorption, calcification, Urinary stones etc. please make sure to follow the guideline of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.

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References
(1) The association of serum 25-OH vitamin D with atopy, asthma, and lung function in a prospective study of Danish adults by Thuesen BH1, Skaaby T, Husemoen LL, Fenger M, Jørgensen T, Linneberg A.(PubMed)
(1a) Vitamin d in pediatric inpatients with respiratory illnesses by Iqbal S1, Mosenkis EV, Jain P, Wiles A, Lerner J, Benton AS, Chamberlain JM, Freishtat RJ, Teach SJ.(PubMed)
(2) Low vitamin D levels are associated with atopic dermatitis, but not allergic rhinitis, asthma, or IgE sensitization, in the adult Korean population by Cheng HM1, Kim S2, Park GH3, Chang SE4, Bang S5, Won CH4, Lee MW4, Choi JH4, Moon KC(PubMed)
(2a) Vitamin D with asthma and COPD: not a false hope? A systematic review and meta-analysis By Zhang LL1, Gong J2, Liu CT3.(PubMed)
(3) Childhood asthma and vitamin D deficiency in Turkey: is there cause and effect relationship between them? Uysalol M1, Mutlu LC, Saracoglu GV, Karasu E, Guzel S, Kayaoglu S, Uzel N.(PubMed)
(4) Relationship between serum vitamin D, disease severity, and airway remodeling in children with asthma by Gupta A1, Sjoukes A, Richards D, Banya W, Hawrylowicz C, Bush A, Saglani S.(PubMed)
(4a) Serum 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D Insufficiency Associated with Bronchial Asthma in Lucknow, India by Awasthi S1, Vikram K.(PubMed)
(5) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with enhanced pneumococcal antibody levels in individuals with asthma by Lee J1, Zhao H, Fenta Y, Kita H, Kumar R, Juhn YJ.(PubMed)
(6) Oral vitamin D increases the frequencies of CD38+ human B cells and ameliorates IL-17-producing T cells by Drozdenko G1, Heine G, Worm M.(PubMed)
(7) Effect of vitamin D on T-helper type 9 polarized human memory cells in chronic persistent asthma by Keating P1, Munim A2, Hartmann JX2.(PubMed)
(8) Anti-inflammatory and corticosteroid-enhancing actions of vitamin D in monocytes of patients with steroid-resistant and those with steroid-sensitive asthma by Zhang Y1, Leung DY2, Goleva E3.(PubMed)
(9) Defective IL-10 expression and in vitro steroid-induced IL-17A in paediatric severe therapy-resistant asthma by Gupta A1, Dimeloe S, Richards DF, Chambers ES, Black C, Urry Z, Ryanna K, Xystrakis E, Bush A, Saglani S, Hawrylowicz CM.(PubMed)
(10) Enhanced production of IL-17A in patients with severe asthma is inhibited by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in a glucocorticoid-independent fashion by Nanzer AM1, Chambers ES, Ryanna K, Richards DF, Black C, Timms PM, Martineau AR, Griffiths CJ, Corrigan CJ, Hawrylowicz CM.(PubMed)
(11) The role of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and cytokines in the promotion of distinct Foxp3+ and IL-10+ CD4+ T cells by Urry Z1, Chambers ES, Xystrakis E, Dimeloe S, Richards DF, Gabryšová L, Christensen J, Gupta A, Saglani S, Bush A, O'Garra A, Brown Z, Hawrylowicz CM.(PubMed)
(12) 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 promotes CD200 expression by human peripheral and airway-resident T cells by Dimeloe S1, Richards DF, Urry ZL, Gupta A, Stratigou V, Farooque S, Saglani S, Bush A, Hawrylowicz CM.(PubMed)

Sunday, April 13, 2014

Asthma in Vitamin C points of view

The widespread of incidence of asthma over large 20 years in South East Asian population, specially in children and aging group has caused some concerns to the government and scientific community. It may be due to over intake in artificial ingredients and polluted environment.
Vitamin C, also known as L-ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin, found in fresh fruits, berries and green vegetables. It is best known for its free radical scavengers activity and regenerating oxidized vitamin E for immune support.
Epidemiological studies, linking vitamin C in reduced risk and treatment of asthma have been inconclusive(a)(b)(c)(d).

The study of the effects of antioxidant nutritional status with allergic rhinitis (AR) in Korean schoolchildren aged 6-12 years, in a total of 4,554 children in Seoul, Korea, showed  a positive effect of Vitamin C intake negatively associated with an increased risk of AR symptoms(1). Accordin got the Rabin Medical Center, vitamin C also enhanced the protective effect on the hyperreactive airways of patients with exercise-induced asthma (EIA)(2). Oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species is known to contribute to the inflammatory process of bronchial asthma. According to Dr. Ruprai RK., in the study of the oxidative stress plasma malondialdehyde and ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) showed an oxidative imbalance in asthmatic patients and antioxidant supply may have a beneficial impact on the free radical induced injury and improvement of respiratory reserve in Asthmatics(3)(4). In Saudi asthmatic patients, King Saud University study showed to exhibit oxidative stress and defective antioxidant status and suggested these may be primary causative factor in the pathogenesis of asthma(5).
In mega doses, vitamin C in asthmatic patients also Vitamin C decreased airway hyperreactivity to methacholine, inflammatory cell numbers in brochoalveolar lavage fluid, and moderate reduction of perivascular and peribronchiolar inflammatory cell infiltration(6).

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References
(a) Vitamin C supplementation for asthma by Kaur B1, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(PubMed)
(b) Vitamin C supplementation for asthma by Ram FS1, Rowe BH, Kaur B(PubMed)
(c) Vitamin C for asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction by Milan SJ1, Hart A, Wilkinson M.(PubMed)
(d) Vitamin C and common cold-induced asthma: a systematic review and statistical analysis by Hemilä H.(PubMed)
(1) Association of antioxidants with allergic rhinitis in children from seoul by Seo JH1, Kwon SO, Lee SY, Kim HY, Kwon JW, Kim BJ, Yu J, Kim HB, Kim WK, Jang GC, Song DJ, Shim JY, Oh SY, Hong SJ.(PubMed)
(2) Blocking effect of vitamin C in exercise-induced asthma by Cohen HA1, Neuman I, Nahum H.(PubMed)
(3) Plasma oxidant-antioxidants status in asthma and its correlation with pulmonary function tests by Ruprai RK.(PubMed)
(4) Antioxidant status in acute asthmatic attack in children by Al-Abdulla NO1, Al Naama LM, Hassan MK.(PubMed)
(5) Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in Saudi asthmatic patients by Al-Afaleg NO1, Al-Senaidy A, El-Ansary A.(PubMed)
(6) Mega-dose vitamin C attenuated lung inflammation in mouse asthma model by Jeong YJ1, Kim JH, Kang JS, Lee WJ, Hwang YI.(PubMed)








Saturday, April 12, 2014

Asthma in Vitamin A points of view

The widespread of incidence of asthma over large 20 years in South East Asian population, specially in children and aging group has caused some concerns to the government and scientific community. It may be due to over intake in artificial ingredients and polluted environment.
Vitamin A is a general term of Vitamin A Retinol, retinal, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin best known for its functions for vision health and antioxidant scavenger and essential for growth and differentiation of a number of cells and tissues.
Recommended intakes of vitamin A, according to  the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (formerly National Academy of Sciences) is 600 µg daily as extremely high doses (>9000 mg) can be toxicity as causes of dry, scaly skin, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, bone and joint pains, headaches, etc.
Epidemiological studies linking vitamin A in reduced risk and treatment of asthma have been inconclusive(a)(b)(c)(d)(e), but according to the University G. D'Annunzio, and Respiratory Pathophysiology Center, dietary supplementation or adequate intake of lycopene and vitamin A rich foods may be beneficial in asthmatic subjects(f).

1. Retinols
Serum vitamin A concentrations was found significantly lower in asthmatic subjects than healthy control subjects and administration of all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA dramatically attenuated airway inflammation through inhibiting Th2 and Th17 differentiation and/or functions. according to the Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine(1). ORMDL3 is a candidate gene of childhood onset asthma, and high-transcript of ORMDL3 is associated with the development of asthma. According to Nanjing Medical University, all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is an active metabolite of Vitamin A, reduced the risk od asthma through maintained airway epithelial integrity, inhibited asthma effector cells differentiation, modulates immune response, possibly via facilitates ORMDL3 production probable through PKA/CREB(2). Also in all-trans retinoic acid, ATRA, the Tehran University of Medical Sciences study suggested that ATRA diverted the human immune response in neutral conditions (without adding polarizing cytokines) by increasing FOXP3+ cells and decreasing RORγt+ cells(3). In rats with asthma, ATRA  was found to alleviate airway hyperresponsiveness and airway remodeling possibly through decreasing the protein expression of MMP-9(4). The study at 1Inserm U700 and Université Paris 7, in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced T helper (Th) 2-type responses and airway remodeling, indicated a effectiveness of liposomally encapsulated ATRA (Lipo-ATRA) in exacerbates allergic immune and inflammatory responses, most likely through promoting Th2 development(5).
Unfortunately, according to Johns Hopkins University, even though animal models suggest that vitamin A deficiency affects lung development adversely and promotes airway hyperresponsiveness, and may predispose to an increased risk of asthma, but vitamin A supplementation early in life was not associated with a decreased risk of asthma in an area with chronic vitamin A deficiency(6). 

2. Carotenoids (beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin) Carotenoids, plant pigments, converted to vitamin A after intake, play an important role in prevention and treatment of some diseases through it antioxidant effects. In the study of the effect of vitamin intake among asthmatic subject, researchers at the Hung Kuang University, found that nutritional supplement therapy including beta carotene may improve dysregulated oxidant and antioxidant status, inflammation and immune responses, pulmonary function, and health-related quality of life in patients with mild to moderate allergic asthma(7). The John Hunter Hospital study of asthmatic subjects with airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR), indicated a reduced levels of beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol compared with those without AHR, possibly due to impaired antioxidant defences and are thus most susceptible to the damaging effects of oxidative (8). Other researchers suggested that the imbalance of antioxidants found in asthmatic patients may be the possible causes od the disease(9) and modifying the dietary intake of carotenoids alters clinical asthma outcomes with improvements evident only through increased whole foods intake, not supplements(10)
But according to the study of Yamaguchi University, there was no significant association for asthma in Japanese youth(11) and the study of a total of 423 children from a rural area of Thailand, in a Health Interview for Asthma Control questionnaire, showed no correlation of dietary intake of carotenoids between asthmatic and non-asthmatic children(12).

Taking altogether, Using vitamin A in prevention and treatment of asthmatic patient remains controversial. According to the study in summarization of the important of vitamin A in treatment of asthma suggested that excessive intake of vitamin A may increase the risk or severity of asthma in industrialized countries whereas vitamin A deficiency continues to increase mortality from infectious diseases in developing countries(12).

But  study summarized the important of vitamin A in treatment of asthma suggested that excessive intake of vitamin A may increase the risk or severity of asthma in industrialized countries whereas vitamin A deficiency continues to increase mortality from infectious diseases in developing countries(13). Overdoses can lead to toxic symptoms. Please make sure you follow the guideline of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.

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References
(a) Diet and asthma: vitamins and methyl donors by Han YY1, Blatter J1, Brehm JM1, Forno E1, Litonjua AA2, Celedón JC3.(PubMed)
(b) Maternal intake of vitamins A, E and K in pregnancy and child allergic disease: a longitudinal study from the Danish National Birth Cohort by Maslova E, Hansen S, Strøm M, Halldorsson TI, Olsen SF.(PubMed)
(c) Nutritional supplements and plasma antioxidants in childhood asthma by Fabian E1, Pölöskey P, Kósa L, Elmadfa I, Réthy LA.(PubMed)
(d) Nutritional supplement therapy improves oxidative stress, immune response, pulmonary function, and quality of life in allergic asthma patients: an open-label pilot study by Guo CH1, Liu PJ, Lin KP, Chen PC(PubMed)
(e) Cod liver oil intake and incidence of asthma in Norwegian adults--the HUNT study by Mai XM1, Langhammer A, Chen Y, Camargo CA Jr.(PubMed)
(f) Plasma lycopene and antioxidant vitamins in asthma: the PLAVA study by Riccioni G1, Bucciarelli T, Mancini B, Di Ilio C, Della Vecchia R, D'Orazio N.(PubMed)
(1) All-trans retinoic acid attenuates airway inflammation by inhibiting Th2 and Th17 response in experimental allergic asthma by Wu J1, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Zhong W, Xia Z.(PubMed)
(2) All-trans retinoic acid modulates ORMDL3 expression via transcriptional regulation by Zhuang LL1, Huang BX, Feng J, Zhu LH, Jin R, Qiu LZ, Zhou GP.(PubMed)
(3) Effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on viability, proliferation, activation and lineage-specific transcription factors of CD4+ T cells by Bidad K1, Salehi E, Oraei M, Saboor-Yaraghi AA, Nicknam MH.(PubMed)
(4) [Effects of all-trans retinoic acid on airway responsiveness and airway remodeling in rats with asthma].[Article in Chinese] by Li WK1, Li Y, Zhong LL.(PubMed)
(5) Liposomal retinoic acids modulate asthma manifestations in mice by Maret M1, Ruffie C, Periquet B, Campo AM, Menevret M, Phelep A, Dziewiszek K, Druilhe A, Pretolani M.(PubMed)
(6) Supplementation with vitamin A early in life and subsequent risk of asthma by Checkley W1, West KP Jr, Wise RA, Wu L, LeClerq SC, Khatry S, Katz J, Christian P, Tielsch JM, Sommer A.(PubMed)
(7) Nutritional supplement therapy improves oxidative stress, immune response, pulmonary function, and quality of life in allergic asthma patients: an open-label pilot study by Guo CH1, Liu PJ, Lin KP, Chen PC.(PubMed)
(8) Reduced circulating antioxidant defences are associated with airway hyper-responsiveness, poor control and severe disease pattern in asthma by Wood LG1, Gibson PG.(PubMed)
(9) Antioxidants, oxidative stress, and pulmonary function in individuals diagnosed with asthma or COPD by Ochs-Balcom HM1, Grant BJ, Muti P, Sempos CT, Freudenheim JL, Browne RW, McCann SE, Trevisan M, Cassano PA, Iacoviello L, Schünemann HJ.(PubMed)
(10) Manipulating antioxidant intake in asthma: a randomized controlled trial by Wood LG1, Garg ML, Smart JM, Scott HA, Barker D, Gibson PG.(PubMed)
(11) Association of serum carotenoids and tocopherols with atopic diseases in Japanese children and adolescents by Okuda M1, Bando N, Terao J, Sasaki S, Sugiyama S, Kunitsugu I, Hobara T.(PubMed)
(12) Carotenoid intake and asthma prevalence in Thai children by Rerksuppaphol S1, Rerksuppaphol L.(PubMed)
(13) Vitamin A deficiency decreases and high dietary vitamin A increases disease severity in the mouse model of asthma by Schuster GU1, Kenyon NJ, Stephensen CB.(PubMed)