Medical Advisor Journals

Friday, October 9, 2015

Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Osteoporosis: The Causes and Risk Factors

By Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)

Osteoporosis is condition of thinning of bone and bone tissues as a result of the loss of bone density over a long period of time.

II. Causes and Risk Factors
A. Causes
1. Process of wear and repair
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread degenerative disease of skeletal joints and often associated with senescence in vertebrates due to excessive or abnormal mechanical loading of weight-bearing joints, arising from heavy long-term use or specific injuries(6).
Improper repair process of injure of joints can also result of symptoms of Osteoarthritis (OA) in old age, according to TCM.

2. Nutrient deficiency
Poor nutritional conditions in early life are linked to greater prevalence of OA due the gradual deterioration of function(9).

3. Cartilage
Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue which cushions the ends of bones in your joints to allow the joints to move smoothly. If the cartilage becomes rough or wears down due to aging or damage, it can cause pain as a result of bone in the joint rubbing against another bone.

4. Etc.

B. Risk factors
1. Young Age at Diagnosis, Male Sex, and Decreased Lean Mass
According to Korea Cancer Center Hospital, Seoul,
a. Diagnosed before attainment of puberty, were showed to have a higher prevalence of osteoporosis
b. If you are males, you are at increased risk of osteopenia or osteoporosis than females
c. Regional lean mass was significantly associated to the reduce risk of affecting the limbs
(12).

2. Adult growth hormone replacement
Adult growth hormone replacement, were identified to associated to increased risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia, according to the study by Seoul National University College of Medicine(13).

3. Aging
Risk of osteoporosis increases with age.
Bone loss occurs during the normal aging process. In women, natural menopause also effect the additional bone losses, according to the study by Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University(14).

4. Chlamydia pneumoniae
Individual presented of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA are alsp associated to both in osteoporotic bone tissue(15).

5. Race
Lactose maldigestion showed a greater affect on low bone density. Extensive lactose maldigestion among Hispanic-American and Asian-American populations may elevate the risk for osteoporosis(16).

6. Family history
According to the reported physician-diagnosed osteoporosis and family history in a representative sample of U.S., family history is associated to a significant, independent risk factor for osteoporosis in U.S. women aged>or=35 years(17).

7. Body size
Large body size is associated to the risk of the development of osteoporosis and a salutary effect on BMD in both blacks and whites, in a study of three groups of postmenopausal women: 104 healthy black women, 45 healthy white women, and 52 osteoporotic white (18).

8. Diet and lifestyle
BMD was higher in habits of alcohol drinking, green tea drinking, and physical activity and lower in those with the habits of smoking and cheese consumption, in a study of total of 632 women age > or =60 years(19).

9. Heavy alcohol intake or alcoholism
Heavy alcohol intake or alcoholism, however, frequently disrupts calcium and bone homeostasis, leading to reduce bone mineral density and increase the incidence of fragility fracture, according to the study by Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Saitama Medical School(20).

10. Smoking and lower serum IGF-I levels
A lower BMI is found in patient who are current smoking history and lower serum IGF-I levels in middle-aged Korean men(21).

11. Other risk factors
The frequency of decreased bone mineral density, low vitamin and calcium diet content and insufficiency with vitamins are found among patients suffering from chronic diseases (of cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract, osteopenia and osteoporosis)(22).

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(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8422511
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17657549
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15632479
(21) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15221500
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19348280

Thursday, October 8, 2015

Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Osteoporosis: The symptoms

By Kyle J. Norton

Osteoporosis is condition of thinning of bone and bone tissues as a result of the loss of bone density over a long period of time.

I. Symptoms
1. Lower back pain, as a result of fractured or collapsed vertebra
People with Osteoporosis are susceptible to lower back pain than those without osteoporosis, according to a cross-sectional study, conducted from October 2002 to March 2003 to gather data from 24,435 adults aged 20 years and older selected randomly from Taiwan’s general population. TheOsteoporosis rate of frequent low back pain in association with osteoporosis in men and women were 5.77 and 3.49 respectively(1).

2. Loss of height over time
Vertebral fracture cause of spinal core damage is associated to significant height loss in patients with osteoporosis, according to a study of 231 men and women over the age of 65 underwent DXA scan of their spine and hip (2).
Osteoporosis patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are found to associate to excessive height loss(3).

3. A stooped posture
Postural deformity of patients with osteoporosis is associated to contributed risk factor for postural instability and falls. Spinal curvature on postural instability in patients with osteoporosis may influence lumbar kyphosis(lower back curvature) in spinal inclination(4).

4. Easy bone fracture
Easy bone fracture may be results of a gradual loss of bone density.
Intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid (5 mg) at 12 months, found that Zoledronic acid treatment was associated with a significantly reduced risk of vertebral fracture(fractures in the spine, hip and wrist), among men with osteoporosis, according to a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of randomly assigned 1199 men with primary or hypogonadism-associated osteoporosis who were 50 to 85 years of age(5).

5. Neck and low back pain
Neck and low back pain, frequent in female are prevalent and highly associated in patients with headache and osteoporosis, according to 1-year prevalence of neck pain and low back pain in the Spanish population(6).

6. Depression
Spine BMD was negative correlations between anxiety, stress, butdepression was found to have a unique significant contribution to the explained variance in right and left hip BMD(7).

7. Other symptoms
Women with osteoporosis re more likely to experience certainpsychosomatic, gastrointestinal and swelling and vasomotor symptoms, especially depressive symptom if compared to women in generally good health(8).
8. Etc.

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Wednesday, October 7, 2015

Ranch Pretzel Bites

Recipe contributed by Quick and easy family favorites by Vickie and JoAnn

This snack mix is a variation on one that uses oyster crackers. Whichever you use, eat up, because it won't last for long!
16-oz. pkg. large pretzels
2-oz. pkg. ranch salad dressing mix
3/4 c. oil
11/2 t. garlic powder
11/2 t, dill weed

Break pretzels into bite-size pieces; place in a large mixing bowl. Combined remaining ingredients in a separate mixing bowl and pour over pretzels; toss to coat, Pour into an ungreased baking sheet.
bake at 200 degrees for 1 hour, stirring every 15 minutes.
Make 16 serving
Note: small bite-size pretzels may be substituted for a large pretzels.

Susan Young
Madison, AL

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The effects of Phytochemicals against Choriocarcinoma and Hydatidiform Mole(Tumors and Placenta) By Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.

I. Choriocarinma
Cancer of Choriocarinma is a malignant and aggressive cancer, started from the abnormal and uncontrollable cells growth in the trophoblatistic tissue, that is part of embryo and normally become the placenta as a result of something going wrong during pregnancy due to random chance.
Placenta is the organ by which the fetus received nutrients and oxygen from the mother.

II. Molar pregnancy or Hydatidiffrom mole
Molar pregnancy or Hydatidiffrom mole is also started from the trophoblastic tissue, normally is non cancerous but sometimes, it may invade the uterine wall (invasive mole) as a result of a sperm fusing with an with nucleus or something going wrong during pregnancy causing forming of a mass resembling the bunch of grape.

The two types of molar pregnancy are complete molar and partial molar pregnancy.

a. Complete mole pregnancy happens when a single sperm combining with an egg which is deficient with lost its DNA. The sperm that would otherwise fertilize the egg are then left to reduplicate themselves to form a complete 46 chromosome set.

Generally no fetus results from a complete molar pregnancy. Complete hydatidiform moles have a higher risk of developing into choriocarcinoma and happened in 1 out of 1200 pregnancy.

b. Partial mole pregnancy
A partial mole pregnancy occurs when two separate sperm fertilize the same egg, resulting of the nucleus containing one maternal set of genes and two paternal sets. With a partial molar pregnancy, there may result an actual fetus and placenta but fetus is most likely to develop into a partial mole.
Types of foods to prevent and treat Choriocarcinoma and Hydatidiform Mole

III. Types of foods to prevent and treat Hydatidiform Mole
1. Carnot
Retinoic acid, a types of vitamin A found abundantly in carrot has exerted the protective effect against
Hydatidiform Mole. At clinical trial as many as 67 cases met the requirements for the study. Two cases were lost from observation and three experienced pregnancy. The incidence rate of malignant trophoblastic disease in the control group was 28.6%, and in the therapy group was 6.3%. No difference was found in the changes of SGOT and SGPT levels of the therapy group compared with the control group. The rate of malignant trophoblastic disease (MTD) was reduced in the group receiving vitamin A therapy(1).

2. Chinese cucumber
Trichosanthin found abundantly in Chinese cucumber has been found to be protective against hydatidiform mole."During 1972-1986, 44 of 52 patients (84.6%) with hydatidiform mole were treated successfully with trichosanthin. Of these, 38 (73.1%) had complete spontaneous evacuation and 6 (11.5%) incomplete evacuation. The average time for evacuation of hydatidiform molewas 4.5 +/- 1.64 days. The amount of bleeding was less than 100 ml in 33 patients (75%), while that in 2 of the patients with incomplete evacuation was more than 300 ml. Malignant changes occurred in two of the 44 patients (4.5%). The malignant rate was similar to that (4-12.5, P greater than 0.05) of prophylactic chemotherapy" Dr. Lu PX and Dr. Jin YC. at Shanghai Second Medical University said(2)

3. Kiwifruit
Vitamin C and E found in high amount in Kiwifruit is said to be effective in fighting against hydatidiform mole (CHM). In the study to determine the oxidative status and antioxidative status of plasma of patients with completehydatidiform mole (CHM) and to compare these values with normal pregnancy, showed that total antioxidant potential (TAOP) of plasma was significantly lower in patients with hydatidiform mole than in healthy pregnant women [mean (SD) values were 511.9 (105.8) and 571.7 (109.4) micromol Trolox equiv./L respectively (p <0.05)]. In contrast, mean (SD) total peroxide level of plasma was significantly higher in the patients [21.8 (6.4) micromol H2O2/L] than in healthy pregnant women [15.6 (6.4) micromol H2O2/L (p <0.001)]. The mean oxidative stress index level was significantly higher in patients with CHM than in healthy pregnant women [4.43 (1.70) versus 2.92 (1.50) respectively (p <0.001)] and concluded that Patients with CHM are exposed to oxidative stress, which may have a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Supplementation with antioxidative vitamins such as C and E could be considered in treatment(3).

4. Etc.

Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes
Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle
That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.

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Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20843153
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2164464
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14691728

Tuesday, October 6, 2015

The effects of Phytochemicals against Cervical Cancer By Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.
I. Cervical Cancer
Cervix is the lower part of uterus that opens at the top of the vagina. Cervix acts an transition area for vaginal lining (squamous epithelium) change to uterus type (columnar epithelium) through the transitional area (squamous columnar epithelium) to host the development of the fetus. Cervical cancer ismalignant neoplasm of the cervix uteri or cervical area caused by abnormal cells growth with alternation of cells DNA.

II. Pre-cervical cancer
Precervical cancer is the early stage of abnormal cell changes in the cervical tissue, if left untreated, it can develop into true invasive cervical cancer caused by factors connected to male seminal fluid. A vaccine, Gardasil used to prevent pre-cervical cancer from the infection of two types of HPV was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2006. It is for your benefits to take this vaccine if you are sexual active with several partners.

III. Types of Food to Prevent and Treat Cervical Cancer
1. Black raspberry
Black raspberries and their derivatives, have demonstrated a marked ability to inhibit preclinical models of epithelial cancer cell growth and tumor formation. Dr. Zhang Z and the research team at the The Ohio State University, Columbus, showed that non-toxic levels of RO-ET significantly inhibited the growth of human cervical cancer cells, in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner to a maximum of 54%, 52% and 67%, respectively (p<0.05). Furthermore, cell growth inhibition was persistent following short-term withdrawal of RO-ET from the culture medium. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy demonstrated RO-ET-induced apoptosis in all cell lines(1).

2. Green and Black Tea
Phytochemicals present in tea, particularly polyphenols, have anticancer properties against several cancer types. In the study to investigate the mechanism of antiproliferative and apoptotic actions exerted by tea polyphenols on human papilloma virus-18-positive HeLa cervical cancer cells, showed that treatment of green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and black tea polyphenol theaflavins (TF) in HeLa cells showed a marked concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation and induced sub-G1 phase in a dose-dependent manner after 24 h. There was an attenuation of mitochondrial membrane potential with the increase of reactive oxygen species generation, p53 expression, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome-c release, and cleavage of procaspase-3 and -9 and poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase, indicating the participation of a mitochondria related mechanism. In addition, EGCG as well as TF inhibited activation of Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) via blocking phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of inhibitor of kappaBalpha and kappaBbeta subunits, thereby downregulating cyclooxygenase-2(2).
Flavonoid quercetin found abundantly in green and black tea are associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis. Dr Vidya Priyadarsini R, and the research team at the Annamalai University, in the study of The flavonoid quercetin induces cell cycle arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells through p53 induction and NF-κB inhibition, indicated that quercetin suppressed the viability of HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial apoptosis through a p53-dependent mechanism. This involved characteristic changes in nuclear morphology, phosphatidylserine externalization, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins and NF-κB family members, upregulation of proapoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome C, Apaf-1 and caspases, and downregulation of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins and survivin(3)

3. Epigallocatechin gallate from Tea, Curcumin from curry and Soyaisoflavones
Epidemiological and preclinical evidence suggests that polyphenolicphytochemicals exemplified by epigallocatechin gallate from tea, curcumin from curry and soya isoflavones possess cancer chemopreventive properties. Dr. Thomasset SC and scientists at the University of Leicester, in the review of above showed that the available evidence for tea polyphenols tentatively supports their advancement into phase III clinical intervention trials aimed at the prevention of progression of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia, leukoplakia or premalignant cervical disease. In the case of curcumin and soya isoflavones more studies in premalignacies seem appropriate to optimise the nature and design of suitable phase III trials. The abundance of flavonoids and related polyphenols in the plant kingdom makes it possible that several hitherto uncharacterised agents with chemopreventive efficacy are still to be identified, which may constitute attractive alternatives to currently used chemopreventive drugs(4).

4. Skins of grape and red wine
Resveratrol, a polyphenol found a abundantly in skins of grapes and red wine has been shown to significantly alter the cellular physiology of tumor cells, as well as block the process of initiation and progression, some studies found that tumor cells may exhibit changes in the cellular response to IR following exposure to resveratrol, a naturally occurring compound that inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity. Thus, clonogenic cell survival assays were performed using irradiated HeLa and SiHa cells pretreated withresveratrol prior to IR exposure, and resulted in enhanced tumor cell killing by IR in a dose-dependent manner(5).

5. Milk thistle seeds
Silibinin, an effective anti-cancer and chemopreventive agent in various epithelial cancer models, found abundantly in milk thistle seed has been reported to inhibit cancer cell growth through mitogenic. Dr. Zhang Y, and research team at Life Science College, Jilin University, in the study of Cellular and molecular mechanisms of silibinin induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis on HeLa cells, indicated that silibinin showed a dose-dependent and a time-dependent apoptotic death in HeLa cells in both the mitochondrial pathway and the death receptor-mediated pathway, providing a strong rationale for future studies evaluating preventive and/or intervention strategies for silibinin in cervical cancer pre-clinical models(6).

6. Etc.

Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes
Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle
That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21831414
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21776820
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20858478
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17131309
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11741744
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22170400

Monday, October 5, 2015

The effects of Phytochemicals against Bowel Cancer By Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.
I. Bowel Cancer (Colon and rectum)
Bowel cancer also known as colorectal cancer, is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Bowl is divided in 2 parts, the first part of the bowel, the small bowl, is involved with the digestion and absorption of food. The 2nd part, the large bowel which consist the the colon and rectum, is involved in absorption of water from the small bowel contents and broken down of certain materials in the feces into substances of which some of them to be re absorbed and reused by the body. Bowel cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progress cancer and in predictable way.
Bowel cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in developed countries, including U>S and Canada.

II. Types of bowel cancer
1. Adenocarcinomas
Most bowel cancers are adenocarcinomas, originated in epithelium tissues, including the surface layer of skin, glands and their tissues that line the cavities and organs of the body.

2. Squamous cell cancers
Squamous cells are the skin like cells that make up the bowel lining together with the gland cells. Squamous cell cancers are rare with the risk of 25 per 100000.

Other bowel tumours
3. Carcinoid
Carcinoid is an unusual type of slow growth neuroendocrine tumor. It looks benign but might spread to other parts of the body as they grow in hormone producing tissue in the digestive system.

4. Leiomyosarcomas
Leiomyosarcomas are the rare and resistant types of bowel cancer and generally not very responsive to chemotherapy or radiation. They are malignant abnormal mass of tissue of smooth muscles of colon, comprising between 5–10% of soft tissue sarcomas.

5. Lymphomas
Bowel lymphomas are rare and more likely to start in the rectum rather in the colon. Many patients with lymphomas are diagnosed in the late stage and already spread to other organs.

6. Melanomas
Melanomas are rare malignant tumor of cells that produce the dark pigment. This type of bowel cancer usually originates from somewhere else and then spread to the bowel.

7. Etc.

III. Types of Food to Prevent and Treat Bowel Cancer (Colon and rectum)
1. Coffee
Epidemiological studies suggest that coffee consumption reduces the risk of cancers, including colon cancer, but the molecular mechanisms and target(s) underlying the chemopreventive effects of coffee and its active ingredient(s) remain unknown. Dr. Kang NJ
, and scientists in the University of Minnesota, found that Coffee or caffeic acid (CaA) strongly suppressed mitogen-activated MEK1 and TOPK activities and bound directly to either MEK1 or TOPK in an ATP-noncompetitive manner. Coffee or CaA, but not caffeine, inhibited ERKs phosphorylation, AP-1 and NF-κB transactivation and subsequently inhibited TPA-, EGF- and H-Ras-induced neoplastic transformation of JB6 P+ cells. Coffee consumption was also associated with a significant attenuation of ERKs phosphorylation in colon cancer patients(1).

2. Green tea
pigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenolic constituent in greentea has been exerted protective effects against proliferation and migration of the human colon cancer SW620 cells. In the study of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits proliferation and migration of human colon cancer SW620 cells in vitro found that EGCG blocks the proliferation and migration of SW620 cells induced by PAR2-AP and factor VIIa via inhibition of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways. The compound may serve as a preventive and therapeutic agent for colon cancers(2).

3. Extra-virgin olive oil
"EVOO-derived complex phenols (especially from the Arbequina variety olive) have been shown to suppress cell growth of SW480 and HT29 human colonadenocarcinoma cell lines. Inhibition of proliferation by EVOO-PE Arbequina variety extract was accompanied by apoptosis in both colon-cancer-cell lines and a limited G₂M cell-cycle arrest in the case of SW480 cells" said Dr. v and the research team at the University of Granada(3).

4. Wheat bran
Phytic acid (PA) found abundantly in Wheat bran is a natural antioxidant and may have numerous health benefits. Dr. Khatiwada J, and the research team at the North Carolina A&T State University, Kannapolis, indicated that This experiment was designed to investigate the inhibitory effects of combinations of 1% and 2% GT, PA, and inositol (I) in reducing the incidence of azoxymethane-induced colon tumors in Fisher 344 male rats. After an acclimatization period of 1 week, nine groups of rats (15 rats per group) were initially assigned to consume AIN 93 G diet and later AIN 93 M diet after 20 weeks of age. Treatments were given in drinking water. All rats received azoxymethane injections (16 mg/kg of body weight) subcutaneously at 7 and 8 weeks of age. Rats were killed at 45 weeks of age by CO(2) euthanasia. Tumor incidence (93.76%) and the number of tumors per tumor-bearing rat ratio (2.25) were significantly (P<.05) higher in the control group compared with treatment groups. Glutathione S-transferase activity was significantly (P<.05) higher in rats fed combinations of 2% GT+PA+I and GT+PA (33.25 ± 1.23 and 29.83 ± 1.10 μmol/mL, respectively) compared with other groups(4).

5. Berries
Dr. Brown EM and the research team at the University of Ulste, in the study of Mechanisms underlying the anti-proliferative effects of berry components in in vitro models of colon cancer, said "Berries are a common element of Western diets, with members of the Rubus, Fragria, Sorbus, Ribes and Vaccinum genus featuring in desserts, preserves, yoghurts and juices. These soft fruit are rich in bioactive phytochemicals including several classes of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols and flavanols) and phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids). Whilst there is little data linking berry consumption to reduced risk of colorectal cancer, in vitro evidence from models representing colorectal cancer suggests that berry polyphenols may modulate cellular processes essential for cancer cell survival, such as proliferation and apoptosis"(5).

6. Etc.

Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes
Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle
That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to Phytochemicals and Cancers and Diseases http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page_18.html
Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21317303
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22101170
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22365054
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21501094
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21466426

Sunday, October 4, 2015

The effects of Phytochemicals against Cancer of Esophagus/Esophageal cancer By Kyle J. Norton

Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc.
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.
Esophageal cancer
A. Espophagus or gullet, an organ in vertebrates, is the tube that lead foods from the pharynx to the stomach. Esophageal cancer is not very uncommon and caused by malignant of the esophagus due to abnormal cell growth as a result of the DNA alternation of the cells that line the upper part of the esophagus or glandular cells that are present at the lower part of the esophagus that connected with the stomach.
The esophageal cancer tend to spread if it left untreated and starts from the lining of esophagus, then later penetrate in the the wall of the esophagus and spread to the lymph node around the bottom of the esophagus, stomach and the chest, then to the distant parts of the body.

B. Types of Esophageal cancer
1. Squamous cancer
In the upper part of the esophagus caused by the squamous cell of which have become malignant caused by mutation of DNA in cells replication of division uncontrollably.
2. Adenocarcinomas
In the lower part of the esophagus caused by the glandular cells of which have become malignant caused by mutation of DNA in cells replication of division uncontrollably.

C. Types of Food to prevent and treat Esophageal cancer
1. Different types of berry
Anthocyanins and ellagitannins, phytochemicals found abundantly in different types of berry have exhibited esophageal cancer cells apoptosis. In the study to compare the ability of different berry types to prevent chemically-induced tumorigenesis in the rat esophagus and determine if berries influence the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum of carcinogen-treated rats, showed that Seven berry types were about equally capable of inhibiting tumor progression in the rat esophagus in spite of known differences in levels of anthocyanins and ellagitannins. Serum levels of IL-5 and GRO/KC (IL-8) may be predictive of the inhibitory effect of chemopreventive agents on ratesophageal carcinogenesis(1).

2. Cruciferous vegetables and Garlic
Phenethyl isothiocyanate found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables and allyl sulfides, main ingredients in garlic have exerted the protective effect againstesophageal cancer cells. In the study of the inhibition of in vitro metabolism of the rat esophageal carcinogen methyl-n-pentylnitrosamine (MPN) by garlic-derived allyl sulfides and by Cruciferae-derived phenethyl isothiocyanate(PEITC) and sulforaphane, showed that inhibitors were incubated with [3H]-MPN, NADPH-generating system and rat esophageal microsomes (REM) or a cytochrome P450 (CYP). [3H]-MPN activation by depentylation was assayed by HPLC with radiometric determination of [3H]-pentaldehyde 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone. IC50 for depentylation of 40 microM MPN by rat CYP2E1 was 5-12 microM for diallyl sulfide (DAS), diallyl disulfide (DADS), and PEITC and 10-20 microM for diallyl sulfone, allyl mercaptan, and diallyl trisulfide. Maximum inhibition required preincubation of rat CYP2E1 with DAS for 15 min and with DADS for 30 min. Using these preincubation times, Ki for MPN depentylation by REM, rat and human CYP2E1, and rat CYP2A3 was 0.6-1.6 microM for inhibition by DAS and 1.7-70 microM for inhibition by DADS. With PEITC, Ki for MPN depentylation by REM, rat CYP2E1, and rat CYP2A3 was 0.4-4.6 microM. These low Ki and IC50 values may help explain how garlic and Cruciferae inhibit carcinogenesis(2).

3. Raspberries, strawberries, cranberries, walnuts, pecans, pomegranate
Ellagic acid (EA), a type of phytochemical compound found in manyraspberries, strawberries, cranberries, walnuts, pecans, pomegranate, has been demonstrated to be preventive of esophageal cancer in animals both at the initiation and promotion stages. Dr. Whitley AC, and the research team at Medical University of South Carolina, showed that surprisingly, as much as 93% of the cellular EA was irreversibly bound to macromolecules (982+/-151 pmol/mg protein). To confirm the irreversible nature of the binding to protein, Caco-2 cells treated with 10 microM [14C]EA were subjected to SDS-PAGE analysis. This resulted in radiolabeled protein bands trapped in the stacking gel, consistent with [14C]EA-crosslinked proteins. Treatment of Caco-2 cells with 10 microM [14C]EA also revealed irreversible binding of EA to cellular DNA as much as five times higher than for protein (5020+/-773 pmol/mg DNA)(3).

4. Green tea
In the study to evaluate the relationship between green tea consumption and the risk of esophageal cancer of the 902 patients interviewed, 734 (81.4%) had their disease pathologically confirmed, showed that All analyses of teaeffects were conducted separately among men and women and all were adjusted for age. After further adjustment for other known confounders, a protective effect of green tea drinking on esophageal cancer was observed among women (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30-0.83), and this risk decreased (P for trend < or = .01) as tea consumption increased. Among men, the ORs were also below 1.00, although not statistically significant. ORs for green tea intake were estimated among those persons who neither smoked nor drank alcohol. In this subset, statistically significant decreases in risk among tea drinkers were observed for both men (OR = 0.43; 95% CI = 0.22-0.86; P for trend = .05) and women (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.20-0.77; P for trend < .001)(4).

5. Grape and red wine
Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a polyphenol found in the skin of the grape and red wine, has been found to have chemopreventitive effects in some carcinogenic models. In the observation to evaluate the effects ofresveratrol on the transition from reflux esophagitis to Barrett's metaplasia to dysplasia to esophageal adenocarcinoma in an established rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent esophagoduodenal anastomosis as per institutional approved protocol, showed that morphological characteristics consistent with decreased esophagitis and incidences of metaplasia andesophageal adenocarcinoma were seen on histopathology in the resveratrolgroup. Resveratrol resulted in a small diminution of the carcinogenic effects and progression to metaplasia, and further human studies are designed to explore the potential anticarcinogenic mechanism(5).

6. Etc.

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20232121
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15203378
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12963477
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8182766
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19398904