Sunday, November 1, 2015

Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis- The Risk Factors


Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints. A shoulder disorderwas found in 27% of subjects, rheumatoid arthritis in 1% and osteoarthritis(OA) of the hand, hip, and knee in five, seven, and 18% of subjects, respectively. Disability was frequent: a walking distance of < 500 m was found in 60% and ADL dependency in 40% of the group. Factors related to one or both of these disability measures included female gender, hip and knee OA, impaired vision, cognitive impairment and neurological disease(1).

Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than in men and generally occurs after the ages of 40 and diminishes the quality of life of many elders.


The Risk Factors
1. Age
The risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis increases with age. Ina retrospective study of RA in the elderly aged 65 and over, we’ve compiled ten cases hospitalized over a period of 4 1/2 years in the service of Internal Medicine, Habib Thameur Hospital (Tunis), there were 8 women and 2 men. The average age was 70.6 years. The onset of arthritis and the disease was progressive in seven cases. An inflammatory syndrome was present in seven cases. Rheumatoid factor was positive in eight cases. Five patients were classified as stage III and IV according to the radiological classification of Steinbrocker. The treatment was based on painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs in all cases. Long-term treatment was initiated in seven patients. The outcome was favorable in all cases(16).
2. Gender and body mass index
If you are women and overweight, you are at increased risk to develop Rheumatoid Arthritis. In the study to investigate whether body mass index (BMI), as a proxy for body fat, influences rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity in a gender-specific manner, showed that compared to the normal BMI range, being obese was associated with a larger difference in mean DAS28 (0.23, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.34) than being overweight (0.12, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.21); being underweight was not associated with disease activity. These associations were more pronounced among women, and were not explained by any single component of the DAS28(17). Others in the study of Socioeconomic and employment status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Korea, suggested that Middle- and old-aged women accounted for the majority of the Korean RA population, which had a significant lower employment rate compared to the population without RA for both sexes. RA resulted in considerable productivity loss in Korea(18a).
3. Race
Genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis indicate that several genes/loci are consistently associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in European and Asian populations(18).
4. Smoking
In the study to assess the effects of smoking on disease outcome in a large cohort of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA), showed that the present study gives some support to earlier data indicating that RA patients who smoke have a more active disease but further studies are needed to confirm this(19).
5. Family history
In the study to investigate the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the first degree relatives and to investigate whether the sex of the parent influences the pattern of inheritance, showed that the familial clustering of RA and suggests that mothers confer susceptibility to RA on their offspring more often than fathers(20).
6. Vaccines
Certain vaccines may causes Rheumatoid Arthritis. In the etrospective chart review of approximately 1 million Kaiser Permanente Northern California members ages 15-59 years from 1997 through 1999. In a cohort analysis, rates of new-onset RA were compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated within 90, 180, and 365 days, showed that 378 RA cases were included in the cohort analysis; 37 additional cases were included in the case-control analysis. In the cohort analysis the relative risks of RA onset within 90, 180, or 365 days of hepatitis B vaccination were not significant (R.R.=1.44, p=0.53; R.R.=1.67, p=0.22; R.R.=1.23, p=0.59 respectively). We found a possible association between RA and influenza vaccine in the previous 180 and 365 days in the cohort analysis (R.R=1.36, p=0.03; R.R.=1.34, p=0.01 respectively), but in the case-control analysis, cases were no more likely than controls to have received any of the three vaccines(21).
7. Other risk factors
Changes in the female hormonal environment such as in pregnancy,breastfeeding and the use of the oral contraceptive (OC) pill appear to have a role. Of the traditional lifestyle exposures, cigarette smoking has been associated with a consistently increased risk that might also apply to the passive inhalation of smoke. Occupation probably has a minor influence, although exposure to silica dust is of aetiological importance. Recent studies have highlighted a role for diet, with suggestions that diets high in caffeine, low in antioxidants and high in red meat may contribute to an increased risk. The most plausible environmental exposure is infection and although several decades of study have produced few definitive candidate organisms, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) remains an interesting target(22).
8. Etc.

Saturday, October 31, 2015

Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis- The Causes

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints. A shoulder disorderwas found in 27% of subjects, rheumatoid arthritis in 1% and osteoarthritis(OA) of the hand, hip, and knee in five, seven, and 18% of subjects, respectively. Disability was frequent: a walking distance of < 500 m was found in 60% and ADL dependency in 40% of the group. Factors related to one or both of these disability measures included female gender, hip and knee OA, impaired vision, cognitive impairment and neurological disease(1).

Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than in men and generally occurs after the ages of 40 and diminishes the quality of life of many elders.

The probable causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis may include the following
1. Abnormal autoimmune response
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovitis that progresses to destruction of cartilage and bone. Scientists in the study of Abnormal networks of immune response-related molecules in bone marrow cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis as revealed by DNA microarray analysis, indicated that abnormal regulatory networks in the immune response and cell cycle categories were identified in BM mononuclear cells from RA patients, indicating that the BM is pathologically involved in RA(10).
2. Abnormal lipid profile
In the study to observe the association between inflammation status/autoimmune antibodies and plasma lipid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), found that (1) There were 12.9%, 10.2% and 14.2% patients with elevated TC, LDL-C and TC respectively, patients with reduced HDL-C accounted for 43.6%. (2) C(3) was higher in elevated TC group than normal TC group (P < 0.05). ESR and CRP were significantly higher in decreased HDL-C group than in normal HDL-C group (P < 0.05). CRP, C(3) and C(4) were significantly higher in elevated LDL-C group than in normal LDL-C group (P < 0.05). (3) Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that C(3) was positively correlated with TC (R(2) = 0.067, P < 0.05). Both ESR and CRP were negative correlated with HDL-C (R(2) = 0.202, P < 0.05). CRP and anti-CCP were positively correlated with LDL-C (R(2) = 0.129, P < 0.05). ESR and C(4) were positively correlated with AIP (R(2) = 0.046, P < 0.05)(11).
3. Genetic susceptibility
In exploring the overlap between T1D, CeD and RA, there is strong evidence that variation within the TAGAP gene is associated with all three autoimmune diseases. Interestingly a number of loci appear to be specific to one of the three diseases currently studied suggesting that they may play a role in determining the particular autoimmune phenotype at presentation(12). Others suggest that this CCR5 promoter polymorphism seems to play an important role in determining different clinical courses in both forms of rheumatoid arthritis(13).
4. Inflammatory and infectious connections
Chronic inflammation of the joint can result of thickens the synovium, of that affect the cartilage and bone within the joint.Some researchers suggested that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a associated with the T helper 17 cells (Th17) as major effector cells in several chronic inflammatory states(14). Others indicated that Periodontal infection (P. gingivalis) carries a unique risk for development of autoimmune antibodies associated with RA. Patients with RA have either lost many teeth or usually have severe periodontitis. Additional research, both in regards to basic mechanisms as well as clinical studies, are necessary before it can be said that there are causative links between RA and periodontitis(15).
5. Etc.

Friday, October 30, 2015

Popular #Herbs - Bromelain

By Kyle J. Norton

Bromelain, a proteolytic enzymes found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, and muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.

Health Benefit
1. Neutrophil migration
Bromelain has shown the property of effectively decreasing of the neutrophil migration to sites of acute inflammation and support the specific removal of the CD128 chemokine receptor, according to the study of "Bromelain treatment decreases neutrophil migration to sites of inflammation", by Fitzhugh DJ, Shan S, Dewhirst MW, Hale LP., posted in PubMed(1)

2. Asthma
Bromelain, the extract of pineapple have found effectively in treating an Ovalbumin-induced Murine Model of Asthma female mice by decreased methacholine sensitivity (P Oral Bromelain Attenuates Inflammation in an Ovalbumin-induced Murine Model of Asthma" by Secor ER, Carson WF, Singh A, Pensa M, Guernsey LA, Schramm CM, Thrall RS., posted in PubMed(2)

3. Brain and spiral Tumor

Bromelain is an aqueous extract from pineapple stem has demonstrated that bromelain significantly and reversibly reduced glioma cell adhesion, migration, and invasion without affecting cell viability, even after treatment periods extending over several months, according to the study of "Bromelain reversibly inhibits invasive properties of glioma cells" by Tysnes BB, Maurer HR, Porwol T, Probst B, Bjerkvig R, Hoover F., posted in PubMed(3)

4. Digestive system and Diabetes
Bromelain (BR), a cysteine protease has shown the inhibitory effects on intestinal secretion and inflammation, such function throught the induction of the antispasmodic effect. In vivo, BR preferentially inhibited motility in pathophysiologic states in a PAR-2-antagonist-sensitive manner as the result researchers suggested that bromelain could be a lead compound for the development of new drugs, able to normalize the intestinal motility ininflammation and diabetes according to the study of "Inhibitory effects ofbromelain, a cysteine protease derived from pineapple stem (Ananas comosus), on intestinal motility in mice" by Borrelli F, Capasso R, Severino B, Fiorino F, Aviello G, De Rosa G, Mazzella M, Romano B, Capasso F, Fasolino I, Izzo AA., posted in PubMed(4)

5. Anti-inflammatory activityIn rat study, bromelain inhibits plasma exudation through inhibiting the generation of bradykinin at the inflammatory site via depletion of the plasma kallikrein system, according to the study of "Effect of bromelain on kaolin-induced inflammation in rats" by Kumakura S, Yamashita M, Tsurufuji S., posted in PubMed(5)

6. Bromelain in cardiovascular diseases
In the review out of Out of 223 papers retrieved, 6 papers met the inclusion criteria(Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), human studies, animal studies and experimental studies related to bromelain for CVDs. Data extraction and analysis: The quality assessment of all the selected studies was conducted by the authors. Data from 3 animal trials and 3 human trials were included in the review. Data collected included: type of trial, drug dosage, duration, outcome measures, characteristics of bromelain used, significance of results and conclusion), bromelain could be used for treating acute thrombophlebitis, as it decreases aggregation of blood platelets, has a cardio-protective effect, ameliorates rejection-induced arterial wall remodelling, prevents thrombin-induced human platelet aggregation as well as reduces thrombus formation, according to the study of "A review of the use of bromelain incardiovascular diseases" by Ley CM, Tsiami A, Ni Q, Robinson N., posted in PubMed(6)

(7) Bromelain and Skin diseases
Bromelain has shown significantly inhibited Cox-2 and inactivated NF-kappaB by blocking phosphorylation and subsequent degradation of IkappaBalpha. In addition, bromelain treatment attenuated DMBA-TPA-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt, according to the study of "Regulation of p53, nuclear factor kappaB and cyclooxygenase-2 expression bybromelain through targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in mouse skin" by Kalra N, Bhui K, Roy P, Srivastava S, George J, Prasad S, Shukla Y., posted in PubMed(7)

8. Bromelain and Burn and wound healing
Bromelain-derived enzymatic preparation has shown the result of rapid and selective debridement of human and animal burns, according to the study of "The effects of rapid enzymatic debridement of deep partial-thicknessburns with Debrase on wound reepithelialization in swine" by Singer AJ, Taira BR, Anderson R, McClain SA, Rosenberg L., posted in PubMed(8)

9. Bromelaine and acute sinusitis
Proteolytic enzyme bromelaine obtained from pineapple (Bromelain-POS, Ursapharm GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany) was evaluated in children under the age of 11 years diagnosed with acute sinusitis has shown a statistically significant faster recovery from symptoms (p = 0.005) compared to the other treatment groups, according to the study of "Therapeutic use, efficiency and safety of the proteolytic pineapple enzyme Bromelain-POS in children with acute sinusitis in Germany" by Braun JM, Schneider B, Beuth HJ., posted in PubMed(9)

10. Bromelain and asthma and hypersensitivity
Bromelain, a clinically used pineapple extract and natural product, has reported anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities in treatingasthma and hypersensitivity disorders, according ton the study of "Bromelain exerts anti-inflammatory effects in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of allergic airway disease" by Secor ER Jr, Carson WF 4th, Cloutier MM, Guernsey LA, Schramm CM, Wu CA, Thrall RS., posted in PubMed(10)

11. Anti cancer
Some studies have shown that bromelain has the capacity to modulate key pathways that support malignancy. It is now possible to suggest that the anti-cancer activity of bromelain consists in the direct impact on cancer cells and their micro-environment, as well as in the modulation of immune, inflammatory and haemostatic systems, according to the study of "Bromelain's activity and potential as an anti-cancer agent: Current evidence and perspectives" by Chobotova K, Vernallis AB, Majid FA., posted in PubMed(11)

12. Dyspepsia
Bromelain has exerted the property in treating upset stomach or pain or discomfort in the upper belly by stimulating enzymatic activity, according to the study of "Benefit of dietary integrators for treating functional dyspepsia: a prospective pilot study.[Article in English, Italian]" by Pellicano R, Strona S, Simondi D, Reggiani S, Pallavicino F, Sguazzini C, Bonagura AG, Rizzetto M, Astegiano M., posted in PubMed(12)

13. Renal diseases and tubulointerstitial fibrosis
Bromelain proteolytic enzymes has improved proteinuria and urinary TGF-beta 1 excretion, as well as the severity of tubulointerstitial fibrosis without signs of toxicity, according to the study of "The effect of oral protease administration in the rat remnant kidney model" Sebeková K, Dämmrich J, Krivosíková Z, Heidland A." by posted in PubMed(13)

14. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Bromelain supplements may have side effects or interact with medications
2. It may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and excessive menstrual bleeding if over dose or as a result of allergic effect
3. Bromelain may increase bleeding during and after surgery.
4. Etc.

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18482869
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18317550
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11774029
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21689210
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3046953
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21749819
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17889918
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20661148
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15796206
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16337164
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19700238
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829282
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10639701

Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis- Signs and Symptoms

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints. A shoulder disorderwas found in 27% of subjects, rheumatoid arthritis in 1% and osteoarthritis(OA) of the hand, hip, and knee in five, seven, and 18% of subjects, respectively. Disability was frequent: a walking distance of < 500 m was found in 60% and ADL dependency in 40% of the group. Factors related to one or both of these disability measures included female gender, hip and knee OA, impaired vision, cognitive impairment and neurological disease(1).

Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than in men and generally occurs after the ages of 40 and diminishes the quality of life of many elders.
A. Signs and Symptoms
1. The feet
In the study to investigate the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with foot complaints to address the associations between clinical signs and symptoms, radiographic changes, and function in connection with disease duration, showed that pain and swelling of the ankle were correlated weakly but statistically significantly with limitation and disability (0.273 to 0.293) as measured on the 5-Foot Function Index (FFI). The clinical signs of theforefoot joints did not influence any of the functional outcome measures. Radiographic scores for both forefeet (SvdH) and hindfeet (Larsen) were correlated with the total Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ DI) and the 5-FFI limitation subscale. Pain and disease duration, more than radiographic damage, influence the total HAQ DI significantly. With the progression of time, structural damage and function of the rheumatic foot worsen in RA patients. Pain and swelling of the ankle contribute more to disability than radiographic damage of the foot and ankle(2).
2. The Joints
In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, pain and range of movements of joints have the greatest impact on individual subdimensions of the HAQ. Extent of radiographic damage in peripheral joints and the number ofswollen and tender joints are of lesser importance for function(3).
3. The Muscle strength
Dr. Häkkinen A and the research team at Jyväskylä Central Hospital, in the assessment to study the extent to which muscle strength and performance, pain, and disease activity are associated with the total Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) disability index and its subdimensions in male and female patients with rheumatoid arthritis, indicated that women reported greater disability than men both in the total HAQ and in the majority of its eight subdimensions. In addition to disease activity and pain, muscle strength has a major impact on disability especially in female rheumatoid patients(4).
4. Rheumatoid nodules
Rheumatoid nodules affect the joints of patients with rheumatoid nodules and are a lesion commonly found under the skin as a result of microchimerism(5).
5. Conjunctival nodule
Although is rare in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. There is a 49-year-old woman with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis, who was being treated only with oral steroids and hydroxychloroquine, developed diffuse anterior scleritis in the right eye. In addition, examination showed a focal raised yellow/tan conjunctival nodule. The nodule was within the bulbar conjunctiva with no attachments to the underlying tissue, which is different from nodular scleritis(6).
6. Morning stiffness
Morning stiffness is a very common symptoms of patients in early rheumatoid arthritis. Some researchers suggested that the degree of morning stiffness appears to reflect functional disability and pain more than traditional markers of inflammation such as joint counts and ESR in patients with early RA. Inclusion of morning stiffness as a marker of inflammatory activity in classification criteria for RA, inclusion criteria for most clinical trials in RA, and RA remission criteria, may be open to reassessment(7).
7. Quality of life
7.1. Physical disability
In the study to 1) investigate the degrees of correlations between different disease activity scores (DASs) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and 2) determine if DASs correlate with either physical or mental HRQoL, showed that SF-36 total score showed a significant inverse correlation with the DAS4-ESR, DAS-3 ESR, DAS4-CRP, DAS3-CRP, DAS4-28 ESR, DAS3-28 ESR, DAS4-28 CRP, and DAS3-28 CRP, with correlation coefficients of -0.320, -0.314, -0.330, -0.323, -0.327, -0.318, -0.360 and -0.348, respectively (P < 0.01 for all). The correlation coefficients between different DAS indices and the HRQoL score were not significantly different. In addition, all DASs showed significant correlations with physical HRQoL, but not with mental HRQoL(8).
7.2. Concurrent psychiatric disorders
Dr. Mok C, and the scientists at the Tuen Mun Hospital in the study to investigate the effect of concurrent psychiatric disorders on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), indicated that in forty-seven (23.5%) patients diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder,depressive disorders in 29 patients and anxiety disorders in 26 patients. Patients with either condition had significantly higher fatigue scores (26 ± 8.8 vs. 16 ± 6.9, p < 0.001) and were more likely to be unemployed (p = 0.02) and dependent on government subsidy for living (p < 0.001) than those without. The scores of the eight domains and the physical and mental components of the SF-36 were significantly lower in RA patients withpsychiatric disorders (p < 0.001 in all). In a linear regression model, the presence of either depressive or anxiety disorders (β = -0.23, p < 0.001),older age (β = -0.16, p = 0.006), self-perceived pain (β = -0.25, p < 0.001) and fatigue (β = -0.42, p < 0.001) were independently and inversely associated with the total SF-36 score after adjustment for disease activity and other sociodemographic variables. Conclusions: Concomitant depressive or anxiety disorders in RA patients are associated with significantly poorer HRQOL. Early identification and treatment of psychiatric disorders in RA patients are warranted(9).
8. Etc.

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Thursday, October 29, 2015

Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Osteoarthritis Treatments In Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of
as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone.

Treatment
C. In traditional Chinese medicine perspective
According to the article of Osteoporosis & Osteoarthritis in TCM Therapy by Chun Yi, Lu O.M.D., LAc.(70), Osteoarthritis is caused by blood stagnation and blood stasis.
C. 1. Shu Jing Huo Xue Tang (Clematis and Stephania Combination) used to activate the blood and dispels blood stasis, induce downward movement of the blood, and strengthen the tendons and bones, reduce pain and inflammation and swollen of the joint lining and improve joint function. Depending to the patients’ situations, the following modifications are recommended
1. For pain in the arm or upper body, add Gui Zhi (Cinnamomum cassia).
2. For foot pain or pain in the lower body, add Mu Gua (Chaenomeles speciosa) or Yi Yi Ren (SemenCoix).
3. For qi deficiency, add Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) or
Ci Wu Jia (Siberian Ginseng)
C.2. Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang (Cnidium and Chiang Huo Combination)
1. Shen Tong Zhu Yu Tang (Cnidium and Chiang Huo Combination) used to activate the blood, dispel blood stasis and wind-dampness, alleviate pain, unblock the meridians, promote the flow of qi, etc.
2. The ingredients of this formula included the following herbs:
2.1.ao Ren (Semen Prunus persica),
2.2. Hong Hua (Flos Carthamus tinctorius),
2.3.Wu Ling Zhi (Excrementum Trogopteri seu Pteromi),
2.4. Niu Xi (Radix Achyranthes bidentata) and
2.5. Dang Gui (Radix Angelica sinensis)
Depending to on the patients’ situations, the following modifications are recommended:
a. For slight fever, add Cang Zhu (Atractylodes lancea)
or Hunag Bo (Cortex Phellodendron amurense).
b. For Weakness, add Huang Qi (Radix astragalus).
C.3. Yi Yi Ren Tang (Coix Combination)
1. The formula is affliction of wind-cold-dampness marked by painful joints and accompanied by numbness also difficulty in stretching and swelling in the joints. it typically works in about eight weeks, and reduces pain at least 50 %, but often leaves patients pain free.
2. Ingredients of the fomula include
2.1 Ma Huang (Herba Ephedra sinica),
2.2. Yi Yi Ren (Semen Coix lacryma-jobi),
2.3. Gui Zhi (Ramulus Cinnarmomum Cassia),
2.4. Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodes lance),
2.5. Dang Gui (Radix Angelica sinensis),
2.6. Shao Yao (Radix Paeonia lactiflora) and
2.7. Zhi Gan Cao (Radix Glycyrrhiza uralaensis preparata)
Depending to the patients’ situations, the following modifications
are recommended:
a. For upper joints pain, add Ge Gen (Radix Puerariae lonatae)
b. For lower joints pain, add Chuan Niu Xi (Radix Cyathulae)
c. For serious whole joints pain, add Yan Hu Suo (Rhizome Corydalis)
If you want to read the complete article, please follow the link of (70)

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Sources
(69) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8535059
(70)http://www.suntenglobal.com/news/img/SUNTEN_QuarterlyNewsletter_Winter2007.pdf

Wednesday, October 28, 2015

Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Osteoarthritis Treatments In Herbal Medicine Perspective

By Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of
as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone.

Treatment
B. In herbal medicine perspective
1. Stinging nettle
In the study of Stinging nettle cream for osteoarthritis by Keith Rayburn, MD; Eric Fleischbein, PharmD; Jessica Song, PharmD; Blaine Allen, RN; Mary Kundert, PharmD; Charles Leiter, PharmD; Thomas Bush, MD, showed that Stinging nettle could prove beneficial to patients with osteoarthritis in 2 general ways: (1) pain relief and (2) disease process modification. The intact leaf hair’s sting could provide a counterirritation that decreases pain by depleting substance P, similar to the effect of capsaicin(66).
2. Ginger
In a report of a study to explicate the phenomenon of ginger compresses for people with osteoarthritis, showed that Seven themes were identified in the data: (1) Meditative-like stillness and relaxation of thoughts; (2) Constant penetrating warmth throughout the body; (3) Positive change in outlook; (4) Increased energy and interest in the world; (5) Deeply relaxed state that progressed to a gradual shift in pain and increased interest in others; (6) Increased suppleness within the body and (7) More comfortable, flexible joint mobility. The essential experience of ginger compresses exposed the unique qualities of heat, stimulation, anti-inflammation and analgesia(67).
3. Devil’s claw
Glucosamine, Harpagophytum procumbens(Devil’s claw), and acupuncture are among the most commonly used complementary and alternative medicine approaches utilized by patients suffering from osteoarthritis(68).
4. Hot Chilli (Capsaicin)
“Topical capsaicin is not associated with any severe systemic adverse effects. However, stinging and burning, particularly during the first week of therapy, is reported by many patients. Topical capsaicin merits consideration as adjuvant therapy in conditions such as post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy and osteoarthritis, where the pain can be chronic and difficult to treat|”, said Dr Rains C, and Bryson HM(69).
5. Etc.

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Sources
(66)nhttp://www.encognitive.com/files/STINGING%20NETTLE%20CREAM%20FOR%20OSTEOARTHRITIS.pdf
(67) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20626491
(68) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21951024
(69) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8535059

Tuesday, October 27, 2015

Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) - Osteoarthritis Treatments In Conventional Medicine Perspective

By Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of
as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone.

Treatment


A. In conventional medicine perspective
A.1. Bisphosphonates
1. Including Alendronate (Fosamax), Risedronate (Actonel, Atelvia), Ibandronate (Boniva), Zoledronic acid (Reclast, Zometa), etc..Bisphosphonates are antiresorptive medications widely prescribed for treating osteoporosis. In placebo-controlled clinical trials they have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of osteoporotic fractures(36).
Others suggested that Because bisphosphonate accumulate in bone and provide some residual antifracture reduction when treatment is stopped, we recommend a drug holiday after 5-10 yr of bisphosphonate treatment. The duration of treatment and length of the holiday are based on fracture risk and pharmacokinetics of the bisphosphonate used. Patients at mild risk might stop treatment after 5 yr and remain off as long as bone mineral density is stable and no fractures occur. Higher risk patients should be treated for 10 yr, have a holiday of no more than a year or two, and perhaps be on a nonbisphosphonate treatment during that time(37).
2. Side effects
a. Nausea
b. Abdominal pain
c. Difficulty swallowing
d. Rrisk of an inflamed esophagus or esophageal ulcers(38)
e. Risk of scleritis and a variety of ocular side effects(39)
f. Etc.
2. Hormone-related therapy
Hormone replacement therapy can help to maintain bone density for menopause women, but it increases
a, The risk of breast cancer and heart disease(40)
b. The risk for venous thromboembolism(41)
c. The risk of (Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers) NMSC.(42)
d. The risk of stroke(43)
e. etc.