Wednesday, November 18, 2015

Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): Polymalgia Arthritis Treatment in Conventional Medicine Perspective

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed(1)

                  Polymalgia Arthritis

Polymalgia Arthritis is defined as a condition a common inflammatory rheumatic disease which cause pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdleas a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures, causing musculoskeletal symptoms in PMR.

In conventional medicine, there is no known way to prevent Polymalgia Arthritis, although progression of the disease usually can be stopped or slowed by early, aggressive treatment. Since Polymalgia Arthritis is caused by inflammation pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdleas a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures. Diet with high in anti inflammatory and immunity enhancing foods, antioxidants and phytochemicals may provide protection and reduced risk of the disease.

                                   The Treatments

F.1. In conventional medicine perspective
1. Non Medication
The aim of non medical treatment is to control painful myalgia, improve muscle stiffness, and relieve the symptoms of constitutional features of the disease.
a. Fasting as part of a naturopathic treatment
Fasting may be formed part of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) treat. According to the report of a 67-year-old woman with proven diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) was admitted to stationary treatment twice to receive a complex therapy with methods of natural medicine comprising fasting as its main treatment element(56)
b. Diet therapy
Leucine-rich milk and whey proteins may be a potential treatment of age related loss of muscle mass and strength, according to the study of Dr, Björkman MP, and the rerearch team at Helsinki University Central Hospital(57). Other suggested that exercise and amino acid supplementation (AAS) together may be effective in enhancing not only muscle strength, but also combined variables of muscle mass and walking speed and of muscle mass and strength in sarcopenic women(58).
c. Etc. 

2. Medical treatment
2.1. Tocilizumab (TCZ)
Tocilizumab (TCZ) is the first humanized interleukin-6 receptor-inhibiting monoclonal antibody developed to treat rheumatoid arthritis.
a. In the study to assess the outcomes of 10 patients with relapsing/refractory GCA, TAK, or PMR treated with tocilizumab (TCZ), found that TCZ led to clinical and serological improvement in patients with refractory/relapsing GCA, TAK, or PMR. The demonstration of persistent large-vessel vasculitis at autopsy of one patient who had shown substantial response requires close scrutiny in larger studies(59).
Other researchers in the study of ffficacy and safety of tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA): tender 52-week data indicated that TENDER 1-year results demonstrate that TCZ is highly effective and generally well tolerated in pts with sJIA(60).
b. Side Effects are not limit to
b.1. Dizziness
b.2. Headache
b.3. Allergic effects, such as rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing, etc.
b.4. Skin changes
b.5. Tiredness or weakness
b.6. Etc. 

2.2. Corticosteroids [CS] and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs])
2.2.1.. Corticosteroids, a drug, a common presentation in primary care, and non-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (sometimes also referred to as traditional NSAIDs or tNSAIDs) and selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitors (COX-2 inhibitors)(PMR) also be the first choice of treating of Polymalagia Arthritis, but the use of CS and NSAIDs in the treatment of PMR is associated with important long-term morbidity, according to Gabriel SE, Sunku J, Salvarani C, O’Fallon WM, Hunder GG., in the study of Adverse outcomes of antiinflammatory therapy among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica(61).
2.2.2. Side effects
a. Corticosteroids [CS]
a.1. Corticosteroid withdrawal syndrome
b.2. Hyperglycemia
b.3. Insulin resistance
b.4. Diabetes mellitus
b.5. Osteoporosis
b.6. Depression
b.7. Colitis
b.8. Etc.

b. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]
NSAIDs may cause large intestinal ulcers, bleeding, and perforationoccasionally. It may cause relapse of classic inflammatory bowel diseaseand contribute to serious complications of diverticular disease (fistula and perforation). NSAIDs may occasionally cause small intestinal perforation, ulcers, and strictures requiring surgery. NSAIDs, however, frequently cause small intestinal inflammation, and the associated complications of blood loss and protein loss may lead to difficult management problems. The pathogenesis of NSAID enteropathy is a multistage process involving specific biochemical and subcellular organelle damage followed by a relatively nonspecific tissue reaction, according to Dr. Bjarnason I and the research team at King’s College School of Medicine and Dentistry(61).
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Tuesday, November 17, 2015

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies edition of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: The Diagnosis

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed(1).

         Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)

1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia

                              The Diagnosis 

The aim of the diagnosis is to differentiate the diseases against other types of arthritis to avoid misdiagnosis and to rule out the other (secondary osteoarthritis)causes of osteoarthritis (OA)(104).
After taking the complex physical examination and careful exam the physical symptoms such as, joint swelling, Joint tenderness, decreased range of motion in joints, Visible joint damage, etc. some of the below tests may be necessary.
1. Blood Test
Although blood test is not necessary in many cases of osteoarthritis (OA), it can be helpful tool to rule other causes of the disease, including rheumatoid arthritis as it will indicate an inflammatory process(erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, or sed rate) such as the presence of anti-cyclic citrullinate d peptide (anti-CCP) antibodies(105).

2. Synovial fluid analysis
Synovial fluid analysis is the test to exam the joint synovial fluid for conditions involving joint inflammation, pain, swelling, and fluid accumulation(106). Abnormal joint fluid may comprise abnormal amounts of detrimental bioactive proteins, temporary clearance, dilution or suppression/modulation as an indication of inflammation or osteoarthritis(107).
3. X-rays
X rays beside is one of the common used to diagnosed for findings of osteoarthritis (OA) such as abnormal joints, bone, joint space between adjacent bone, loss of joint cartilage, etc., Accordning to the Framingham study, according to radio graphics, the prevalence of meniscus damage in the knee of subjects with no, one to two, and three or more finger joints with OA was 24.9%, 31.7%, and 47.2%, respectively. X-rays can show damage, other changes associated to osteoarthritis and to confirm the diagnosis(108)

4. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is a more sensitive imaging method, it is used less often than x-rays due to cost and availability. In conjunction of X ray for Osteoarthritis (OA), MRI has been used increasingly in recent years through a meta-analysis of published studies, according to Tufts University, School of Medicine(109) MRI scans show cartilage loss, damage and defects, bone size, bone marrow lesions, bone expansion and damage to ligaments(110).

5. Etc.

      The Misdiagnosis and delay diagnosis

Although musculoskeletal disorders is very common with irreversible damage due to osteoarthritis in elder found in evidences of all X ray, misdiagnosis is rare but it can happen. According to the Mount Sinai Medical Center, potentially reversible causes of  osteoarthritis for the problem are too often ignored, and a misdiagnosis of osteoarthritis prevents or delays effective treatment of the actual underlying problem(174).
According to Dr. O'Duffy JD., there was a diagnostic problems of rheumatic disease in patients over 60 years of age, including patient with osteoarthritis, and these problems can be prevent if the doctors have taken accounted the history and physical examination alone, with the laboratory and x-ray findings providing supportive evidence(175).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/


Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca p/general-health.htmlReferences
(104) Osteoarthritis Diagnosis(Spine health)
(105)The Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Pivotal Cytokines Involved in Bone Degradation and Inflammation by CLIFTON O. BINGHAM III(The Journal of Rheumatology)
(106) Biologic basis of osteoarthritis: state of the evidence. by Malemud CJ1.(PubMed)
(107) Diverse expression of selected cytokines and proteinases in synovial fluid obtained from osteoarthritic and healthy human knee joints by Sauerschnig M1,2, Stolberg-Stolberg J3, Schulze A4, Salzmann GM5, Perka C6, Dynybil CJ7.(PubMed)
(108) Osteoarthritis Diagnosis(Arthritis foundation)
(109) The diagnostic performance of MRI in osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. by Menashe L1, Hirko K, Losina E, Kloppenburg M, Zhang W, Li L, Hunter DJ.(PubMed)
(110) How important is MRI for detecting early osteoarthritis? by Changhai Ding*, Flavia Cicuttini and Graeme Jones(Natrue Clinical Pratctice Rheumatology)
(174) Osteoarthritis as a misdiagnosis in elderly patients by Spiera H1.(PubMed)
(175) Differential diagnosis of rheumatic disease in the elderly by O'Duffy JD(PubMed)
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Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): Polymalgia Arthritis prevention Phytochemicals

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed(1)

                  Polymalgia Arthritis

Polymalgia Arthritis is defined as a condition a common inflammatory rheumatic disease which cause pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdleas a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures, causing musculoskeletal symptoms in PMR.

In conventional medicine, there is no known way to prevent Polymlagia Arthritis, although progression of the disease usually can be stopped or slowed by early, aggressive treatment. Since Polymalgia Arthritis is caused by inflammation pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdleas a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures. Diet with high in anti inflammatory and immunity enhancing foods, antioxidants and phytochemicals may provide protection and reduced risk of the disease.

Phytochemicals to prevent Polymalgia Arthritis (PMR)

1. Green tea Polyphenols(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the predominant green tea polyphenol which mimic its effects, inhibits enzyme activities and signal transduction pathways that play important roles in inflammation and joint destruction in arthritis. The use of EGCG as a possible chemopreventive agent with a potential to inhibit the development of arthritis. Here we review the biological effects of EGCG in an attempt to understand its pivotal molecular targets that directly affect the inflammation and joint destruction process for prevention and/or for the development of new therapeutics for arthritis in humans(41). 

2. Curcumin
In the study to to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of BDMC33 and elucidate its underlying mechanism action in macrophage cells. showed that the inflammatory action of BDMC33 on activated macrophage-like cellular systems, which could be used as a future therapeutic agent in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases(42).

3. Resveratrol
Resveratrol (RES), a well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatorycompound, is abundant in red wine and exerts numerous pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotection and cadioprotection(43).

4. Boswellic acid
Gum-resin extracts of Boswellia serrata have been traditionally used in folk medicine for centuries to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases. The resinous part of Boswellia serrata possesses monoterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, tetracyclic triterpenic acids and four major pentacyclic triterpenicacids i.e. β-boswellic acid, acetyl-β-boswellic acid, 11-keto-β-boswellic acid and acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid, responsible for inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes(44). 

5. Cucurbitacins
In the observations on the analgesic effects of WEDC by investigating its actions using the hot plate test and zymosan-induced writhing test in mice, as well as zymosan-induced arthritis in rats evaluating articular inflammatorypain, cell migration and determination of NO release into the joint exudate, showed that The oral treatment of the animals with WEDC (1-10 mg/kg) produced a significant, dose-dependent reduction of articular incapacitation and abdominal contortions in the writhing test. The same effect was not observed in the hot plate and rota-rod tests. WEDC also reduced nitrite release into the zymosan-inflamed joints. In the evaluation of COX activity, we observed that WEDC was able to selectively inhibit COX-2 but not COX-1 activity in COS-7 cells. Moreover, WEDC treatment did not show gastrointestinal toxicity(45).
6. Etc.
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Monday, November 16, 2015

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies edition of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: The Complications

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are  medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed(1).

      Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)

1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia

                                 The Complications

The Most common complications for people with
1. Gout
The forming of sodium urate crystals forming in and around your joints, due to high levels of urate can result of inflammatory arthritis or gout(88)(89).
2. Chondrocalcinosis
The forming of calcium pyrophosphate crystals to form in the cartilage, due to  osteoarthritis (OA) can cause calcification(90)(91).

Other may also experience complications of 
1. Rapid, complete breakdown of cartilage due to  upregulating of syndecan-4  is found to associated to patient with osteoarthritis(92)(93). Inhibition of syndecan-4 may be used for the treatment of cartilage damage in osteoarthritis(93).

2. Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis, the result of bone death due to collapse of the architecture of bone, as the result of a number of conditions ultimately leading to an impairment of blood supply to the bone tissue(94), According to the study by Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, there is a relationship of subchondral bone collapse caused by osteoporosis, but not osteonecrosis, initiated the osteoarthritic change of the affected knee(96).
Probable bone formation was clear in the patients with osteonecrosis, and cartilage regeneration in the patients with osteoarthritis after injecting autologous adipose-tissue-derived stem cells, hyaluronic acid, platelet rich plasma and calcium chloride(95)

3. Stress fractures
The common complication found in 0.3%-0.8% of patients suffering from rheumatic diseases as a result of multifactorial overuse injuries(97), but Stress fractures of the tibia secondary to tibial deformities are rare from patient with osteoarthritis((98)(99).

4.  Bleeding inside the joint(100).

5. Infection in the joint(101)(102) 
6. Osteoarthritis can cause deterioration or rupture of the tendons and ligaments around the joint of which can induce risk of instability(103).



Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies


Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

References
(88) Are joints affected by gout also affected by osteoarthritis? by Edward Roddy, Weiya Zhang, and Michael Doherty(PMC)
(89) Are There Other Options Besides Medications for Gout and Osteoarthritis? by Julie Chen, M.D.
(90) The relationship between chondrocalcinosis and osteoarthritis in Saudi Arabia by Al-Arfaj AS1.(PubMed)
(91) Analysis of the association between chondrocalcinosis and osteoarthritis: a community based study by Sanmarti R1, Kanterewicz E, Pladevall M, Pañella D, Tarradellas JB, Gomez JM.(PubMed)
(92) SDC4: OA joint effort by Michael J. Haas, Senior Writer(SciBX)
(93) Syndecan-4 regulates ADAMTS-5 activation and cartilage breakdown in osteoarthritis by Echtermeyer F1, Bertrand J, Dreier R, Meinecke I, Neugebauer K, Fuerst M, Lee YJ, Song YW, Herzog C, Theilmeier G, Pap T.(PubMed)
(94) Definition of bone necrosis by the pathologis by Cristina Fondi and Alessandro Franchi(PMC)
(95) Regeneration of human bones in hip osteonecrosis and human cartilage in knee osteoarthritis with autologous adipose-tissue-derived stem cells: a case series by Pak J1.(PubMed)
(96) The Relationship between Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Report of 2 Cases with SuspectedOsteonecrosis by Horikawa A1, Miyakoshi N2, Shimada Y2, Kodama H1.(PubMed)
(97) Proximal tibial stress fracture associated with mild osteoarthritis of the knee: case report. by Curković M1, Kovac K, Curković B, Babić-Naglić D, Potocki K.(PubMed)
(98) Management of knee osteoarthritis presenting with tibial stress fractures by Ng YC1, Sathappan SS, Wong HP.(PubMed)
(99) Proximal tibial stress fractures associated with primary degenerative knee osteoarthritis by Sourlas I1, Papachristou G, Pilichou A, Giannoudis PV, Efstathopoulos N, Nikolaou VS.(PubMed)
(100) Osteoarthritis In-Depth Report(The NewYork time)
(101) Risk of revision for infection in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with osteoarthritis: a prospective, population-based study on 108,786 hip and knee joint arthroplasties from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register by Schrama JC1, Espehaug B, Hallan G, Engesaeter LB, Furnes O, Havelin LI, Fevang BT.(PubMed)
(102) Incidence of infectious complications in hip and knee arthroplasties in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritispatients.[Article in English, Portuguese] by da Cunha BM1, de Oliveira SB, Santos-Neto L.(PubMed)
(103) The Basics of Osteoarthritis(WebMD)


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Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): Polymalgia Arthritis prevention Diet

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed(1)

                  Polymalgia Arthritis

Polymalgia Arthritis is defined as a condition a common inflammatory rheumatic disease which cause pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdleas a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures, causing musculoskeletal symptoms in PMR.

In conventional medicine, there is no known way to prevent Polymalgia Arthritis, although progression of the disease usually can be stopped or slowed by early, aggressive treatment. Since Polymalagia Arthritis is caused by inflammation pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdleas a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures. Diet with high in anti inflammatory and immunity enhancing foods, antioxidants and phytochemicals may provide protection and reduced risk of the disease.

E.2. The diet
1. Organic Soy
In the study to examine the role of TK activity on the expression of the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase (iNOS), found that TK inhibition by genistein had no effect on the expression or nuclear translocation of the transcription factors interferon regulatory factor-1 and nuclear factor-KB, respectively, both of which have been implicated in transcriptional regulation of the human iNOS gene. Nuclear run-on analysis demonstrated that the effect of genistein on iNOS messenger RNA expression was not at the level of transcription, suggesting that posttranscriptional regulation of iNOS messenger RNA might be TK dependent. Isoflavones, such as genistein, are useful tools to dissect regulatory pathways in vitro and in vivo and may have potential use as novel antiinflammatory therapeutic agents(31).

2. Green tea
Green tea contains more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with the same volume, and is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial purposes all over the world.
a. Immune system
a. 1. In the investigation of the immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinatedgreen tea extract in rain bow of the study of “Immunomodulatory effects of decaffeinated greentea (Camellia sinensis) on the immune system of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)” by Sheikhzadeh N, Nofouzi K, Delazar A, Oushani AK.(32), researchers found that showed that decaffeinated green tea in lower doses of administration could be optimum to enhance the immunity of rainbow trout(32).
a.2. In the investigation of Green tea and Arthritis of the study of “Greenteapolyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate in arthritis” by Ahmed S., researcher indicated that although these findings provide scientific evidence of the anti-rheumatic activity of EGCG, further preclinical studies are warranted before phase clinical trials could be initiated with confidence for patients with joint diseases(33).

3. Olive oil
Olive is belongs to the the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Mediterranean Basin and south end of the Caspian Sea. Its fruit, is also called the olive and the source of olive oil.
a. Olive oil phenolics
In the evaluation of the olive oil phenolics of the Mediterranean diet and its lower incidence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and certain types of cancer, found that olive oil phenolics have positive effects on certain physiological parameters, such as plasma lipoproteins, oxidative damage, inflammatory markers, platelet and cellular function, and antimicrobial activity, according to “Chemistry and health of olive oil phenolics” by Cicerale S, Conlan XA, Sinclair AJ, Keast RS.(34)
b. Antioxidants and weight loss
In the analyzing the influence of a Mediterranean dietary pattern on plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) found that Mediterranean diet, especially rich in virgin olive oil, is associated with higher levels of plasma antioxidant capacity. Plasma TAC is related to a reduction in body weight after 3 years of intervention in a high cardiovascular risk population with a Mediterranean-style diet rich in virgin olive oil, according to “A 3 years follow-up of a Mediterranean diet rich in virgin olive oil is associated with high plasma antioxidant capacity and reduced body weight gain” by Razquin C, Martinez JA, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Mitjavila MT, Estruch R, Marti A.(35).

4. Salmon
a. Antioxidants
In the research of the antioxidant effect of vitamin E after ingestion of salmon found that that megadoses of vitamin E, far from having pro-oxidative activity, actually increase the anti-oxidative capacity of the liver, especially after ingestion of salmon oil, according to “Effects of megadoses of dietary vitamin E on the antioxidant status of rats fed lard or salmon oil” by Flader D, Brandsch C, Hirche F, Eder K.(36)
b. Selenium
Salmon contains trace minerals selenium which is essential for the healthy function of the thyroid and immune system as it increases the antioxidant defense system by fighting against the forming of free radicals and reduce the risk of irregular cells growth causes of tumor and cancer, according to the study of “Selenium in the immune system” by Arthur JR, McKenzie RC, Beckett GJ.,(37)
c. Omega 3 fatty acids
Omega 3 fatty acids is necessary to maintain the ratio of good and bad cholesterol, thus reducing the risk of cholesterol inflammation according to the study of “In vitro fatty acid enrichment of macrophages alters inflammatory response and net cholesterol accumulation” by Wang S, Wu D, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, Honda KL, Lichtenstein AH., posted in PubMed (IV) and forming of free radical in the heart cells, leading to heart diseases. It also reduces the risk of plaque forming in the arterial wall, thus also decreasing the risk of stoke, according to the study of “N-3 vs. saturated fattyacids: effects on the arterial wall” by Sudheendran S, Chang CC, Deckelbaum RJ., posted in PubMed (38). 

5. Circuit fruits
Circuit fruit contain high amount of Quercetin which can reduce the risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis as a result of anti inflammatory and antioxidant effects
a. Anti-Inflammatory
According to the study of `Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities ofQuercetin 7-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside from the Leaves of Brasenia schreberi.`by Legault J, Perron T, Mshvildadze V, Girard-Lalancette K, Perron S, Laprise C, Sirois P, Pichette A. (Source from Laboratory for Analysis and Separation of Plant Species (LASEVE), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , Chicoutimi, Québec, Canada.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that some flavonoids have been reported to possess beneficial effects in cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory diseases associated with overproduction of nitric oxide. Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside possesses anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and release of nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside also inhibited overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor.
b. Free radical scavenger
In a study of `Dietary chromones as antioxidant agents-the structural variable.`by Dias MM, Machado NF, Marques MP. (Source from Research Unit “Molecular Physical Chemistry”, University of Coimbra, Portugal.), posted in PubMed, researchers found that from the eighteen tested compounds, three-fisetin, luteolin and quercetin-are shown to act as effective antiradicals. Consistent structure-activity relationships (SARs) were established regarding the antioxidant role of this type of chromone-based system.

6. Turmeric
Turmeric, principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a rhizomatousherbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native totropical South Asia.
a. Anti inflammatory effects
In a systematic review of the literature was to summarize the literature on the safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, found that curcumin has been demonstrated to be safe in six human trials and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. It may exert its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of a number of different molecules that play a role in inflammation, according to “Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa)” by Chainani-Wu N (39)
b. Antioxidants
In the research of a literature search (PubMed) of almost 1500 papers dealing with curcumin, most from recent years, with ll available abstracts were read and pproximately 300 full papers were reviewed, found that curcumin, a component of turmeric, has been shown to be non-toxic, to have antioxidant activity, and to inhibit such mediators of inflammation as NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase (LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Significant preventive and/or curative effects have been observed in experimental animal models of a number of diseases, including arteriosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, respiratory, hepatic, pancreatic, intestinal and gastric diseases, neurodegenerative and eye diseases, “Curcumin, an atoxic antioxidant and natural NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield against acute and chronic diseases” by Bengmark S.(40).

7. Etc.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies


Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

Sources
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19281374
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985858
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20447316
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19093267
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19707219
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18577222
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730442
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20207121
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676044
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16387899
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Sunday, November 15, 2015

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies edition of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: The Diseases associated with osteoarthritis

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are  medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed(1).

      Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)

1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia
                              

                                   Osteoarthritis 

Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone.  University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in knee, hip and hand joints(3).

The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain(5), stiffness(6), or difficulty of moving the joint or joints(7). The pain usually gets worse in change of weather, at night and in the advanced diseases, the pain can occur even at rest(8). Today management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, non pharmacological, and surgical treatments(4).
              
        Diseases associated with osteoarthritis

Researchers suggested that OA is not simply a disease related to aging or mechanical stress of joints but rather a “metabolic disorder(70)(71)” interrelated to lipid, metabolic, and humoral mediators(70). Indeed, OA has been linked not only to obesity(46)(47) but also to other cardiovascular risk factors(72)(73), namely, diabetes(74), dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance(75).
Most people with osteoarthritis also suffer from one or more of below
1. Hypertension
According to the University Health Network Research Institute, the economic burden incurred by RA significantly exceeds that related to OA and HBP(76)(77).

2. Cardiovascular disease
According to Erasmus University Medical Centre, there is an associations of atherosclerosis with osteoarthritis of the knee and hand joints in women(72)(73)(78).

3. Peripheral vascular disease
According to Himchan Hospital, patient with due to osteoarthritis are associated to risk of asymptomatic peripheral vascular disease(80). The average vessel wall thickness of the popliteal artery was 1.09 mm in patients with generalized OA, and 0.96 mm in the matched normal reference population(79).

4. Congestive heart failure
Hypertension, diabetes, and older age have shown to increased risk of Congestive heart failure modestly(81). Etoricoxib, an annti-inflammatory painkillers showed a statistically significant inhibition at 90 mg in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis(82).

5. Renal function impairment 
According to the Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust, pain pharmacotherapies osuch as osteoarthritis (OA) or mixed OA and rheumatoid arthritis may increase the risk of adverse events in patients with concurrent cardiovascular (CV) or renal disease(83). Median excretion of pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline in the OA patients as a whole was raised above values found in a healthy control population(84).

6. Diabetes
Several epidemiological and experimental data support the hypothesis that diabetes could be an independent risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA)(76)(85).

7. Respiratory disease
People with Respiratory disease is also at a higher risk to develop osteoarthritis (OA), such as chronic cough and bilateral infiltrates on chest roentgenogram(86).

8. High serum of Cholesterol
There is an association between high serum cholesterol level and both knee and generalized OA, according to the study of 113 females and 133 males with average ages 46 14.2 and 51.54 16.0 years by King Khalid University Hospital(87).

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

References
(1) Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study by Dai SM1, Han XH, Zhao DB, Shi YQ, Liu Y, Meng JM.(PubMed)
(2) Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Elderly by Ramon Gheno, Juan M. Cepparo, Cristina E. Rosca,1 and Anne Cotten(PMC)
(3) The effect of osteoarthritis definition on prevalence and incidence estimates: a systematic review by Pereira D1, Peleteiro B, Araújo J, Branco J, Santos RA, Ramos E.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of therapeutic aquatic exercise on symptoms and function associated with lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis by Waller B1, Ogonowska-Slodownik A2, Vitor M3, Lambeck J4, Daly D5, Kujala UM6, Heinonen A7.(PubMed)
(5) Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on pain, physical functions and safety outcomes in patients with kneeosteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang C1, Xie Y2, Luo X3, Ji Q3, Lu C3, He C4, Wang P3.(PubMed)
(6) Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis by Farid R1, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Hatef MR, Mirheidari M, Mansouri H, Esmaelli H, Bentley G, Lu Y, Foo Y, Watson RR.(PubMed)
(7) Functional ability, mobility, and pain before and after knee replacement in patients aged 75 and older: a cross-sectional study by Limnell K1, Jämsen E, Huhtala H, Jäntti P, Puolakka T, Jylhä M.(PubMed)
(70) Osteoarthritis: another component of metabolic syndrome? by Velasquez MT1, Katz JD.(PubMed)
(71) [Metabolic syndrome and a course of osteoarthrosis].[Article in Russian] by Korochina IE, Bagirova GG.(PubMed)
(72) Risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with osteoarthritis: a prospective longitudinal study. by Rahman MM1, Kopec JA, Anis AH, Cibere J, Goldsmith CH.(PubMed)
(73) Cardiovascular disease and osteoarthritis: common pathways and patient outcomes. by Fernandes GS1, Valdes AM.(PubMed)
(74) Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among Osteoarthritis Patients in a Prospective Longitudinal Study by Rahman MM1, Cibere J2, Anis AH3, Goldsmith CH4, Kopec JA5.(PubMed)
(75) Osteoarthritis—the impact of a serious disease by F. C. Breedveld
(76) Bone loss at subchondral plate in knee osteoarthritis patients with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. by Wen CY1, Chen Y, Tang HL, Yan CH, Lu WW, Chiu KY.(PubMed)
(77) The economic burden associated with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypertension: a comparative study. by Maetzel A1, Li LC, Pencharz J, Tomlinson G, Bombardier C; Community Hypertension and Arthritis Project Study Team.(PubMed)
(78) Association of atherosclerosis with presence and progression of osteoarthritis: the Rotterdam Study by Hoeven TA1, Kavousi M, Clockaerts S, Kerkhof HJ, van Meurs JB, Franco O, Hofman A, Bindels P, Witteman J, Bierma-Zeinstra S.(PubMed)
(79) Positive association between increased popliteal artery vessel wall thickness and generalized osteoarthritis: is OA also part of the metabolic syndrome? by Kornaat PR1, Sharma R, van der Geest RJ, Lamb HJ, Kloppenburg M, Hellio le Graverand MP, Bloem JL, Watt I.(PubMed)
(80) Asymptomatic peripheral vascular disease in total knee arthroplasty: preoperative prevalence and risk factors. by Park IH1, Lee SC, Park IS, Nam CH, Ahn HS, Park HY, Gondalia VH, Jung KA.(PubMed)
(81) Baseline factors associated with congestive heart failure in patients receiving etoricoxib or diclofenac: multivariate analysis of the MEDAL program by Krum H1, Curtis SP, Kaur A, Wang H, Smugar SS, Weir MR, Laine L, Brater DC, Cannon CP.(PubMed)
(82) Baseline factors associated with congestive heart failure in patients receiving etoricoxib or diclofenac: multivariate analysis of the MEDAL program by Krum H1, Curtis SP, Kaur A, Wang H, Smugar SS, Weir MR, Laine L, Brater DC, Cannon CP.(PubMed)
(83) Pain pharmacotherapy in patients with inflammatory arthritis and concurrent cardiovascular or renal disease: a Cochrane systematic review. by Marks JL1, van der Heijde DM, Colebatch AN, Buchbinder R, Edwards CJ.(PubMed)
(84) Urinary excretion of pyridinium crosslinks of collagen correlated with joint damage in arthritis by Astbury C1, Bird HA, McLaren AM, Robins SP.(PubMed)
(85) Diabetes-induced osteoarthritis: from a new paradigm to a new phenotype by Berenbaum F1.(PubMed)
(86) [Pulmonary infiltrates with blood eosinophilia in a 62-year-old patient].[Article in German] by Kohlhäufl M1, Weber N, Morresi-Hauf A, Geiger D, Raith H, Häussinger K.(PubMed)
(87) Radiographic osteoarthritis and serum cholesterol by Al-Arfaj AS1.(PubMed)
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Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): Polymalgia Arthritis - The do’s and do not’s list

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) is medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed(1)

Polymalgia Arthritis 
Polymalgia Arthritis is defined as a condition a common inflammatory rheumatic disease which cause pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdleas a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures, causing musculoskeletal symptoms in PMR. 

In conventional medicine, there is no known way to prevent Polymalgia Arthritis, although progression of the disease usually can be stopped or slowed by early, aggressive treatment. Since Polymalgia Arthritis is caused by inflammation pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdleas a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures. Diet with high in anti inflammatory and immunity enhancing foods, antioxidants and phytochemicals may provide protection and reduced risk of the disease.

E.1. The do’s and do not’s list
1. Reduce intake of saturated and trans fat and increase intake of omega 3 fatty acids
Although Limited studies have shown that certain dietary fatty acids (ie, oleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid) reduce biomarkers of inflammation. Most of the studies with fish oil supplementation have shown null effects, and conflicting results have been reported with saturated and trans fatty acids(26). Intake of high amount of saturated fat and trans fay can increase the production ofinflammatory cytokines. Also There is reasonably strong evidence that omega-3 fatty acids may help people with rheumatoid arthritis. The results of over 13 double-blind, placebo-controlled studies involving a total of more than 500 people suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may improve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. One of the ways it appears to work is by decreasing the production of inflammatory chemicals(27). 

2. Increase intake of increasing the ratio of (n-3) : (n-6) PUFA
Coinciding with this increase in the ratio of (n-6) : (n-3) PUFA are increases in chronic inflammatory diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). By increasing the ratio of (n-3) : (n-6) PUFA in the Western diet, reductions may be achieved in the incidence of these chronic inflammatory diseases(28). 

3. Increase intake of fruit and vegetable
In a cross-sectional study of ≈1200 Puerto Rican adults aged 45-75 y, we assessed FV intake with a food-frequency questionnaire, Dr. Bhupathiraju SN, and Dr.Tucker KL. at the Tufts University, showed that FV variety, but not quantity, appears to be important in reducing inflammation. Although the results are suggestive, larger studies are needed to confirm a possible association with CHD risk score(29).

4. Avoid high glycemic index diets
Other studies suggested that the consumption of high glycemic index diets, which have low fiber content and are rich in trans fat cause the activation of the immune system, leading to excessive production of pro-inflammatory mediators and the reduction of the anti-inflammatory ones. Although the results are controversial, healthy dietary intakes with the reduction in fatintake (especially trans and saturated fat) and the increase in fruits, vegetables, and whole grain consumption seem to be associated with the improvement in subclinical inflammatory condition(30).

5. Reduced intake of pro inflammatory foods, such as sugar, dairy products, red meat and processed, meat, alcohol, artificial ingredients, refined products, etc.

6. Increase in take of anti inflammatory foods, such as fresh vegetables and fruits, seeds and sprouts whole grain, fish, turkey, chicken, legumes, etc.

7. Stop smoking
As smoking are associated with increased of Polymalagia Arthritis.

8. Moderate exercise
Moderate exercise enhances immune function in fighting against inflammation and increase the blood circulation to provide nutrients to the body’s organs need
8. Etc.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies
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