Medical Advisor Journals

Wednesday, June 15, 2016

Food therapy - Vegetables - Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare)

Fennel is a species of Foeniculum Vulgare, belong to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae), and native to to the shores of the Mediterranean. It is now widely cultivated all around the globe to use as food and herb.

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Fiber
3. Protein
4. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
5. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
6. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
7. Pantothenic acid (B5)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin C
11. Calcium
12. Copper
13. Iron
14. Magnesium
15. Molybdenum
16. Phosphorus
17. Potassium
18. Zinc
19. Etc.

Health Benefits
A. Health benefits according studies
1. Antimicrobial activities
In the determination of the chemical compositions of the essential oil and hexane extract isolated from the inflorescence, leaf stems, and aerial parts of Florencefennel found that the essential oil, anethole, and hexane extract were effective against most of the foodborne pathogenic, saprophytic, probiotic, and mycotoxigenic microorganisms tested. The results of the present study revealed that (E)-anethole, the main component of Florence fennel essential oil, is responsible for the antimicrobial activity , according to "Antimicrobial activities of essential oil and hexane extract of Florence fennel [Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum (Mill.) Thell.] against foodborne microorganisms" by Cetin B, Ozer H, Cakir A, Polat T, Dursun A, Mete E, Oztürk E, Ekinci M.(a)

2. Antioxidant activities
In the investigation of Essential oils of the fruits of three organically grown cultivars of Egyptian fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var. azoricum, Foeniculumvulgare var. dulce and Foeniculum vulgare var. vulgare) and theirs antioxidant effects found that Antioxidant activities of the essential oils were evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation and metal chelating assays. Essential oils from the azoricum and dulce cultivars were more effective antioxidants than that from the vulgare cultivar, according to "Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils from organically cultivated fennel cultivars" by Shahat AA, Ibrahim AY, Hendawy SF, Omer EA, Hammouda FM, Abdel-Rahman FH, Saleh MA.(b)

3. Antifungal activity
In the assessment of antifungal activity of the essential oils of Zataria multiflora, Thymus migricus, Satureja hortensis, Foeniculum vulgare, Carum capticum and thiabendazol fungicide on survival and growth of different species of Aspergillus found that all essential oils could inhibit the growth of Aspergillus species. The essential oil with the best effect and lowest EC50 and MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) was Z. multiflora (223 microl/l and 650 microl/l, respectively). The chemical composition of the Z. multiflora essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS, according to "Antifungal activity of some essential oils against toxigenic Aspergillus species" by Alizadeh A, Zamani E, Sharaifi R, Javan-Nikkhah M, Nazari S.(c)

4. Immune defense
In the study of fennel honey, ethanol, and aqueous propolis extracts orally and theirs effect on immune defense found that all tested previously bee product-immunized rats could significantly challenge the induced S. aureus infection (P < .01). The effects were more pronounced in rats that had received fennel honey solution, according to "Immune defense of rats immunized with fennel honey, propolis, and bee venom against induced staphylococcal infection" by Sayed SM, Abou El-Ella GA, Wahba NM, El Nisr NA, Raddad K, Abd El Rahman MF, Abd El Hafeez MM, Abd El Fattah Aamer A.(d)

5. Diabetic aomplication
In the analyzing the aqueous extracts of 22 plant-derived materials and their inhibitory property against rat lens and human recombinant aldose reductase found that Prominent inhibitory property was found in spinach, cumin, fennel, lemon, basil and black pepper with an approximate IC50 of 0.2 mg/mL with an excellent selectivity towards aldose reductase. As against this, 10 to 20 times higher concentrations were required for 50% inhibition of aldehyde reductase. Reduction in the accumulation of intracellular sorbitol by the dietary extracts further substantiated their in vivo efficacy. The findings reported here indicate the scope of adapting life-style modifications in the form of inclusion of certain common sources in the diet for the management of diabetic complications, according to "Dietary sources of aldose reductase inhibitors: prospects for alleviating diabetic complications" by Saraswat M, Muthenna P, Suryanarayana P, Petrash JM, Reddy GB.(e)

6. Etc.

B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin C
In the evaluation of pulmonary dysfunction. and it effects on pulmonary dysfunction found that At present, evidence from randomised-controlled trials is insufficient to recommend a specific role for vitamin C in the treatment of asthma. Further methodologically strong and large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed in order to address the question of the effectiveness of vitamin C in children with asthma but some outcome data showed effectiveness on lung function, symptom scores, IgE levels and inhaled steroid use. One small study showed a significant difference in % drop in FEV1 post-exercise, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(I)

2. Dietary fiber
Daily intake of right amount of fibers can prvent and treata. Diabetes, as Increased consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and soluble and insoluble fiber is associated with improved glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were more evident in participants following a plant-based diet compared with other commonly used diets, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(II)

3. Potassium
Potassium is necessary mineral in balancing the ratio with sodium for lymphatic system in regulating the fluid in the body, and reducing the cardiovascular diseases, according to the study of "Sodium and potassium intake and risk ofcardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: the Rotterdam Study" by Geleijnse JM, Witteman JC, Stijnen T, Kloos MW, Hofman A, Grobbee DE., posted in PubMed(III)

4. Manganese
Manganese beside is a mineral essential for energy production and metabolism of foods, it also helps to improve immune-system functioning that reduces the risk of inflammation, according to the study of "The effects of 3, 4 or 5 amino salicylic acids on manganese-induced neuronal death: ER stress and mitochondrial complexes" by Yoon H, Lee GH, Kim DS, Kim KW, Kim HR, Chae HJ., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21477646 researchers indicated that the salicylate analogues and the antioxidants did not mediate ER stress in this model. The salicylate analogues reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reversed the deficient mitochondrial membrane potential that was induced by Mn. Taken together, the 3, 4, 5 ASA worked in a similar way, regulating the Mn-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and protecting cells.

5. Folate
Folic acid beside is important for the production of red blood cells, and for the proper development of the brain and spine, according to the study of "Go folic!" by Bland J., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21853697) it also enhances the replication and maintenance of DNA and RNA., according to the study of "A folate- and methyl-deficient diet alters the expression of DNAmethyltransferases and methyl CpG binding proteins involved in epigenetic gene silencing in livers of F344 rats" by Ghoshal K, Li X, Datta J, Bai S, Pogribny I, Pogribny M, Huang Y, Young D, Jacob ST., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16702315)

6. Etc.

C. Other health benefits
1. Antioxidants
Since it contains high amount of phyto-nutrients with antioxidants, such as flavonoids rutin, quercitin, and various kaempferol glycosides, it optimizes the immune function in fighting against the forming of free radical and foreign bacteria and virus invasion, thus reducing the risk of irregular cell growth and anti inflammation and infection, according to the study of "Review: Free radicals, antioxidants, and the immune system" by Knight JA. posted in PubMed(1)

2. FiberFennel is rich in fiber, it not only helps to bind the bad cholesterol (LDL) and remove it thorugh waste expelling, thus reducing the risk of high levels of cholesterol, according to the study of "Cholesterol-lowering effects of dietary fiber: a meta-analysis" by Brown L, Rosner B, Willett WW, Sacks FM., posted in PubMed(2)

3. Water retention and hypertensionFennel contains high amounts of potassium that not only balance the ratio of sodium in the body, thus enhancing the lymphatic function in regulating body's fluid, but also reduce the risk of hypertension, according to the study of "Blood pressure lowering efficacy of potassium-sparing diuretics (that block the epithelial sodium channel) for primary hypertension" by Heran BS, Chen JM, Wang JJ, Wright JM., posted in PubMed(3)

4. GalactagogueGalactagofue in fennel is a substance that promotes lactation in humans, thus enhancing milk production for breast feel women, according to the study of "The effect of galactagogue herbal tea on breast milk production and short-term catch-up of birth weight in the first week of life" by Turkyılmaz C, Onal E, Hirfanoglu IM, Turan O, Koç E, Ergenekon E, Atalay Y., posted in PubMed(4)

5. Liver protection
In rat study, essential oil of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) essential oil (FEO) exhibited a potent hepatoprotective action against CCl(4)-induced hepatic damage, according to the study of "Hepatoprotective effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil" by Ozbek H, Uğraş S, Dülger H, Bayram I, Tuncer I, Oztürk G, Oztürk A., posted in PubMed(5)
6. Etc.

Side Effects
No, if not overdoses.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20136455
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21285921
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21534488
(d) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19627205
(e) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19114390

(I) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(II) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20713332
(III) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17902026

(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10807157
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9925120
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20091662
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21261516
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12727504

Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Chinese Herbs – Beng Da Wan or Lei Gong Gen (Herba Centella asiatica)

Beng Da Wan or Lei Gong Gen is also known as Indian navelwort, gotu kola. The acrid, bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM as anti-cancer, antipyretic agent to treat inflammation and swelling, wounds, get rid of toxins, bladder infection, infectious diarrhea,hypertension, psoriasis, eczema,laryngitis, injuries, etc. as it enhancing the functions of bladder, spleen, stomach channels.

Ingredients
1. Pentacyclic triterpenoid saponins
2. Asiaticoside
3. Centelloside
4. Madecassoside
5. Brahmoside
6. Brahminoside
7. Thankuniside
8. Sceffoleoside
9. Centellose
10. Indocentelloside
11. Centellic acid
12. Madecassic acid, syn.
13. Brahmic acid,
14. Madasiatic acid
15. Asiatic acid
16. Isobrahmic acid
17. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities
In the investigation of the phenolic (Folin-Dennis) and flavonoid (colorimetric assay) constituents, 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) assay] and aqueous extract (AE) of Centella asiatica leaves has found that AE showed elevated DPPH scavenging activity against mouse melanoma, human breast cancer and rat glioma cell lines, according to the study of “Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Centella asiatica (L) Urb” by Pittella F, Dutra RC, Junior DD, Lopes MT, Barbosa NR.(1).

2. Wound healing
In the evaluation of ethanolic extract of the plant in both normal and dexamethasone-suppressed found that the extract of C asiatica significantly increased the wound breaking strength in incision wound model compared to controls (P < .001). The extract-treated wounds were found to epithelize faster, and the rate of wound contraction was significantly increased as compared to control wounds (P < .001), according to the study of “Effect of Centella asiatica L (Umbelliferae) on normal and dexamethasone-suppressed wound healing in Wistar Albino rats” by Shetty BS, Udupa SL, Udupa AL, Somayaji SN.(2).

3. Skin-Protective Activities
In the investigation of Aqueous extracts of Centella asiatica L. Urban and its effect on skin diseases found that the skin-protective activities of C. asiatica were significantly improved through the nano-encapsulation process, according to the study of “Enhancement of the Skin-Protective Activities of Centella asiatica L. Urban by a Nano-encapsulation Process” by Kwon MC, Choi WY, Seo YC, Kim JS, Yoon CS, Lim HW, Kim HS, Ahn JH, Lee HY.(3).

4. Cognitive Impairment
In the examination of Centella asiatica against D-galactose induced neurotoxicity is well known model for studying aging and related oxidative damage and memory impairment found that six week of Beng Da Wan treatment significantly improved behavioral alterations, oxidative damage and mitochondrial enzyme complex activities in tested mice, according to the study of “Centella asiatica Attenuates D-Galactose-Induced Cognitive Impairment, Oxidative and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice” by Kumar A, Prakash A, Dogra S.(5).

6. Immuno-stimulating activity
In The investigation of the immuno-stimulating effects of Water-soluble polysaccharides of the tubers of Butea superba Roxb. and Pueraria candollei Wall. Ex Benth. var. mirifica (Shaw et Suvat.) C. Niyomdham, the leaves of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb, Ocimum basilicum L., Psidium guajava and Andrographis paniculata (Burn. f.) Nees, the stems of Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf ExG), and the fruits of Psidium guajava and Scaphium scaphigerum, found that the polysaccharides enhanced T-lymphocyte proliferation, ranging from 4.5 to 27.0% at a concentration of 100 microg mL(-1), according to the study of “Characterisation and immuno-stimulating activity of polysaccharides from Thai medicinal plants” byBurana-Osot J, Pattanapanyasat K, Soonthornchareonnon N, Sukapirom K, Toida T.(5).

6. Neuropsychiatric disorders
In th examination of the effects of Centella asiatica water extract and neuropsychiatric disorders found that asiaticoside, a major compound of the extract has exerted the inhibitory effect in rat Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)) and cytosolic PLA(2) (cPLA(2)), enzymes in the brain, according to the study of “Centella asiatica water extract inhibits iPLA2 and cPLA2 activities in rat cerebellum” by Barbosa NR, Pittella F, Gattaz WF.(6).

7. Etc.

Side effects
1. Do not use during pregnancy or during breast feeding. Consuming large amount causes nausea and dizziness
2. Anti-fertility
In the evaluation of the effects of Centella asiatica aqueous leaf extract on the induction of sperm cells in male rats found that the sperm count, motility, and viability and the number of spermatogenic cells in the seminiferous tubules were significantly decreased after receiving oral intake of 10, 50, 80 and 100 mg/kg aqueous leaf extract daily for 60 days, according to the study of ‘The inductive effects of Centella asiatica on rat spermatogenic cell apoptosis in vivo” by Heidari M, Heidari-Vala H, Sadeghi MR, Akhondi MM(a)
3. Overdoses can cause nausea and dizziness
4. Long term usage may be toxic to liver
5. Etc.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19865514
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16928669
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21893113
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21629743
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20812129
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18455381
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21870191

Most Common Diseases of Men of 50Plus - Erectile Dysfunction Prevention and Treatment - The herbal Medicine

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299

With either mental or physical stimulation, your brain signals the nerve ending in the penis to release nitric oxide. Nitric oxide relaxes or dilates blood vessels, enabling them to open up and bring more blood to the penis and helping to create an erection. In this article, we will discuss how to prevent and treat erectile dysfunction with herbs.

1. Astragalus
Astragalus boosts the immune system, increases the body's resistance to infections, strengthens the spleen, blood and encourages the kidney to release more sodium into the urine indirectly reducing the risk of enlarged prostate, prostate cancer and erectile dysfunction.

2. Damiana
Damiana contains alkaloids that helps to stimulate the blood flow to the genital area resulting in a stronger desire for sex and firming erection.

3. Cnidium monnieri
Cnidium seed contains voumarins osththol, imperationgludcides and hepatopprotective sesquiterpenes that helps to drive sexual desires and enhances stronger and harder penis erection.
4. Saw palmetto
Saw palmetto not only helps to balance the natural hormone production but also helps to boost testosterone in men as well as estrogen in women if needed by our body resulting in a healthy, normal sex drive.

5. Yohimbe
Yohimbe contains yohombine that helps to block alpha-2-adrenergic nerve
activity, thereby the vessels are allow to dilate. The increasing of blood flow is the result of stronger, harder and longer erection to penis. Yohimbe deserves the reputation it has achieved as a sexual stimulant. Recent study shows that yohimbe may be effective in the treatment of male organic impotence and diabetes.

6. Ginko Biloba
Ginkgo biloba generally had a positive effect on sexual desire, excitement that causes erection in men, and orgasm, because ginko biloba helps to increase blood flow to the genitals, the levels of nitric oxide and dilates the veins which carry the blood. Men reported a seventy five percent increase in sexual satisfaction after taking ginko biloba. Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Erectile Dysfunction
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

The Obesity' Research and Studies - Obesity Weight loss improves renal hemodynamics

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

Renal hemodynamics is a study of as blood movement of blood flow or the circulation in the kidney.
According to the study of thirty-five obese patients undertook a 12-week calorie-restricted diet. The patients underwent a metabolic (oral glucose tolerance test, plasma lipids, and uric acid) and renal hemodynamic evaluations (creatinine clearance and urinary albumin excretion) before (phase 1), and after the 12-weekdiet (phase 2), researchers found that Body weight reduction has a positive impact on renal hemodynamics, decreasing urinary albumin excretion as well as glomerular hyperfiltration in obese patients with metabolic syndrome(1)

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

(1) "Weight loss improves renal hemodynamics in patients with metabolic syndrome"Ezequiel DG, Costa MB, Chaoubah A, Paula RB.

The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: The Fertility Herb Red Clover

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovascular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cancer(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasingaltered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).

The prevention and management In Herbal Medicine
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unpreventable in Western medicine. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce risk of its complications, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, etc.
Reduce fat intake less than 30% of total calories with a low proportion of saturated fat and high in fiber from predominantly low-glycaemic-index-carbohydrate foods for patients with PCOs(827a). Calorie intake should be distributed between several meals per day with restricted intake of snacks and drinks(828).

The Fertility Herb: Red Clover

Red clover is an herbaceous, perennial plant, native to Europe, western Asia and northwest Africa, used traditional in treating whooping cough(945), respiratory problems, and skin inflammations(945). menopause symptoms(945)(946)(947) and inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease(944) by purifying the blood and clearing mucus from the lungs(948).

1. Isoflavones
Red clover contains isoflavonoid, one type of phytoestrogen used in regulating the levels of estrogen in the body by occupying the estrogen receptor site(949)(950)(951), through its estrogenic(951) and anti estrogenic(952) effects in hormonal balancing for a better chance for fertility(953).

2. Neuroprotective effects
Formononetin (FMNT), an isoflavone found in red clover may be next potential candidate used for neurodegenerative disorders(958)(959) in central nervous system as it significantly attenuated the cell loss induced by induced by N-methyl-D-asparate (NMDA) in primary-cultured cortical neurons, according to the study by Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an(954). On central nervous system, the herb also was found effective in improve anxiety(955)(856), profuse sweating, insomnia, memory loss, decreased sexual drives(956), depression(957), etc.

3. Metabolic syndrome(967)
Women with PCOs are associated to increased risk metabolic syndrome such asmetabolic syndrome risk factors high blood pressure, obesity, high cholesterol, and insulin resistance. Intake of red clover has shown effectively in reduced total serum cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol(960)(961), lowered cardiovascular risk(962)(963), improved obesity(964) and insulin resistance(965)(966).

4. The weight loss vitamin C
Vitami C found abundantly in red clover has shown strong evidneces epidemiologically in reducing weight loss for obese population, espexially for obese women with PCOs.

See The weight loss vitamin C for more details
[Vitamin C and other nutrients deficiency not only is associated to the risk of Obesity(807) but also enhances the risk of lipids, inflammation and insulin resistance(808).
According to the research team at Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, there is an associated link between Obesity and Zinc and vitamins A and C concentration in in women from rural Mexico, in a fasting blood sample analysis (809).
Although genetic susceptibility to obesity is associated with gene polymorphisms affecting biochemical pathways which also impacted by specific foods and nutrients. According to Dr. Johnston CS., vitamin C depletion is associated to positively related to body mass, individuals with adequate vitamin C status oxidize 30% more fat during a moderate exercise bout than individuals with low vitamin Cstatus(810)

Vitamin C, the protective effect against obesity
Endothelial dysfunction has found to be associated to the incidence of obesity(811). The study of 76 healthy subjects (50 men and 26 women aged 21-45 years) obese subject, showed a positive effect of vitamin Cand indomethacin in reduced oxidative stress contributed to endothelial dysfunction in human obesity(812).
In the evaluation of the potential inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase by Citrus spp. fruits of Spanish origin, grapefruit, contained higher contents of phytochemicals such as vitamin C, is found to have a great value for nutrition and treatment of diet-related diseases(813).
L-Ascorbic acid in the study, whether would facilitate the anti-obesity effects of chitosan and psyllium husk in vivo, showed addition of vitamin C in diet influenced the reduction in body weight gain and food efficiency ratio, and the increase in total fecal weight and fecal fat excretion in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet(814)]

5. Immunity
Epidemiological studies suggested that red clover processes tenacious anti oxidant(968)(969) and anti inflmmatory(970)(971) effects in fighting against bacterial and viral infection(972)(973) and inflammation(974), free radical(975)(976) causes of irregular cell growth(970)(977) and protecting DNA integrity(979).

Side effects
1. There are no side effects from red clover, but people takes the herb for the first time may experience headache, nausea, and rash(980).
2. Do not use red clover during pregnancy as the herb may increase the risk for vaginal prolapse before the term(981)
3. Risk of bleeding due to its anticoagulant effects(982).

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(1) Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome by Sam S.(PubMed)
(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O1.(PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF1, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(PubMed)
(5) [Serum levels of anti-muller hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndromeand healthy women of reproductive age].[Article in Bulgarian] by Parahuleva N, Pehlivanov B, Orbecova M, Deneva T, Uchikova E.(PubMed)
(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R1, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(PubMed)
(7) The clinical evaluation of hirsutism by Somani N1, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF.(PubMed)
(8) Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future by Mayer SB1, Evans WS, Nestler JE.(PubMed)
(9) Association of mean platelet volume with androgens and insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Dogan BA1, Arduc A2, Tuna MM1, Karakılıc E1, Dagdelen I1, Tutuncu Y1, Berker D1, Guler S1.(PubMed)
(10) Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Yildiz BO1.(PubMed)
(11) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women by Talbott EO1, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.(PubMed)
(12) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovak women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities by Figurová J1, Dravecká I, Javorský M, Petríková J, Lazúrová I.(PubMed)
(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK1, Katalenich B2, Nagireddy P3, Chabbra P4, Kuhadiya N5, Fonseca V1.(PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG1, Pupovci HL1, Berisha VL1, Goçi AU2, Gerqari A3.(PubMed)
(15) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N1, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H1, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD1, Butz DE2, Dashti H3, Tonelli M3, Johnson LK1, Cook ME2, Porter WP4, Eghbalnia HR5, Markley JL6, Lindheim SR7, Schoeller DA8, Abbott DH9, Assadi-Porter FM10.(PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA1, Azizia MM1, Hardiman PJ2.(PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M1, Kjaer SK2, Jensen A1, Munk C1, Mellemkjaer L3.(PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E1.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E1, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(827a) Diet and nutrition in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): pointers for nutritional management by Farshchi H, Rane A, Love A, Kennedy RL(PubMed)
(828) The optimal diet for women with polycystic ovary syndrome? by Marsh K, Brand-Miller J.(PubMed)
(944) Red clover extract: a source for substances that activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and ameliorate the cytokine secretion profile of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages by Mueller M1, Hobiger S, Jungbauer A.(PubMed)
(945) The University of Maryland medical center
(946) Effectiveness of red clover in alleviating menopausal symptoms: a 12-week randomized, controlled trial by Shakeri F1, Taavoni S, Goushegir A, Haghani H.(PubMed)
(947) Black cohosh (Cimicifuga spp.) for menopausal symptoms by Leach MJ1, Moore V.(PubMed)
(948) Trifolium pratensen, Phytochemicals by Martina Trossello
(949) [Estrogen-effective isoflavones in Trifolium pratense (red clover). Distribution in superterranean parts of plants and occurrence as "bound" isoflavones].[Article in German]by Schultz G.(PubMed)
(950) Effect of soy isoflavones on endometriosis: interaction with estrogen receptor 2 gene polymorphism. by Tsuchiya M1, Miura T, Hanaoka T, Iwasaki M, Sasaki H, Tanaka T, Nakao H, Katoh T, Ikenoue T, Kabuto M, Tsugane S.(PubMed)
(951) Isoflavones: estrogenic activity, biological effect and bioavailability by Vitale DC1, Piazza C, Melilli B, Drago F, Salomone S.(PubMed)
(952) Phytochemistry and biological properties of glabridin by Simmler C1, Pauli GF, Chen SN.(PubMed)
(953) Recovery of normal fertility after grazing on oestrogenic red clover by Morley FH, Axelsen A, Bennett D.(PubMed)
(954) Neuroprotective effects of formononetin against NMDA-induced apoptosis in cortical neurons by Tian Z1, Liu SB, Wang YC, Li XQ, Zheng LH, Zhao MG.(PubMed)
(955) Improvement of postmenopausal depressive and anxiety symptoms after treatment with isoflavones derived from red clover extracts by Lipovac M1, Chedraui P, Gruenhut C, Gocan A, Stammler M, Imhof M.(PubMed)
(956) A review of non-hormonal options for the relief of menopausal symptoms by Albertazzi P1.(PubMed)
(957) [Feminorm good night to treat the menopause].[Article in Bulgarian] by Malinova M.(PubMed)
(958) The isoflavones mixture from Trifolium pratense L. protects HCN 1-A neurons from oxidative stress by Occhiuto F1, Palumbo DR, Samperi S, Zangla G, Pino A, De Pasquale R, Circosta C.(PubMed)
(959) The phytoestrogenic isoflavones from Trifolium pratense L. (Red clover) protects human cortical neurons from glutamate toxicity by Occhiuto F1, Zangla G, Samperi S, Palumbo DR, Pino A, De Pasquale R, Circosta C.(PubMed)
(960) Influence of red clover-derived isoflavones on serum lipid profile in postmenopausal women by Terzic MM1, Dotlic J, Maricic S, Mihailovic T, Tosic-Race B.(PubMed)
(961) Effect of Trifolium pratense-derived isoflavones on the lipid profile of postmenopausal women with increased body mass index by Chedraui P1, San Miguel G, Hidalgo L, Morocho N, Ross S.(PubMed)
(962) Isoflavones from red clover improve systemic arterial compliance but not plasma lipids in menopausal women by Nestel PJ1, Pomeroy S, Kay S, Komesaroff P, Behrsing J, Cameron JD, West L.(PubMed)
(963) Isoflavones reduce arterial stiffness: a placebo-controlled study in men and postmenopausal women by Teede HJ1, McGrath BP, DeSilva L, Cehun M, Fassoulakis A, Nestel PJ.(PubMed)
(964) Dried Pomegranate Potentiates Anti-Osteoporotic and Anti-Obesity Activities of Red Clover Dry Extracts in Ovariectomized Rats by Kang SJ1,2, Choi BR3, Kim SH4, Yi HY5, Park HR6, Kim DC7, Choi SH8, Han CH9, Park SJ10,8, Song CH10,8, Ku SK11,12, Lee YJ13,14.(PubMed)
(965) Effect of oral phytoestrogen on androgenicity and insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women by Lee CC1, Bloem CJ, Kasa-Vubu JZ, Liang LJ.(PubMed)
(966) Effects of supplementation with purified red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavones on plasma lipids and insulin resistance in healthy premenopausal women by Blakesmith SJ1, Lyons-Wall PM, George C, Joannou GE, Petocz P, Samman S.(PubMed)
(967) Phytoestrogens and the metabolic syndrome by Jungbauer A1, Medjakovic S.(PubMed)
(968) Effect of red clover-derived isoflavone supplementation on insulin-like growth factor, lipid and antioxidant status in healthy female volunteers: a pilot study by Campbell MJ1, Woodside JV, Honour JW, Morton MS, Leathem AJ.(PubMed)
(969) Research on antioxidant effects and estrogenic effect of formononetin fromTrifolium pratense (red clover) by Mu H1, Bai YH, Wang ST, Zhu ZM, Zhang YW.(PubMed)
(970) Trifolium species-derived substances and extracts--biological activity and prospects for medicinal applicationsby Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J1.(PubMed)
(971) Biochanin-A, an isoflavon, showed anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatoryactivities through the inhibition of iNOS expression, p38-MAPK and ATF-2 phosphorylation and blocking NFκB nuclear translocation by Kole L1, Giri B, Manna SK, Pal B, Ghosh S.(PubMed)
(972) Trifolium pratense L. as a potential natural antioxidant by Vlaisavljevic S1, Kaurinovic B2, Popovic M3, Djurendic-Brenesel M4, Vasiljevic B5, Cvetkovic D6, Vasiljevic S7.(PubMed)
(973) Antibacterial activity of leaves extracts of Trifolium alexandrinum Linn. against pathogenic bacteria causing tropical diseases by Khan AV1, Ahmed QU, Shukla I, Khan AA.(PubMed)
(974) Anti-HIV, anti-poxvirus, and anti-SARS activity of a nontoxic, acidic plant extract from the Trifollium species Secomet-V/anti-vac suggests that it contains a novel broad-spectrum antiviral by Kotwal GJ1, Kaczmarek JN, Leivers S, Ghebremariam YT, Kulkarni AP, Bauer G, De Beer C, Preiser W, Mohamed AR.(PubMed)
(975) Free radical scavenging actions of three Trifolium species in the protection of blood plasma antioxidant capacity in vitro by Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J1, Nowak P, Moniuszko-Szajwaj B, Kowalska I, Stochmal A.(PubMed)
(976) Biological activity of clovers - free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant action of six Trifolium species by Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J1, Nowak P, Kowalska I, Stochmal A.(PubMed)
(977) Ester and carbamate ester derivatives of Biochanin A: synthesis and in vitro evaluation of estrogenic and antiproliferative activities by Fokialakis N1, Alexi X, Aligiannis N, Siriani D, Meligova AK, Pratsinis H, Mitakou S, Alexis MN.(PubMed)
(978) Formononetin induces apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells through enhancing the Bax/Bcl-2 ratios and regulating the p38/Akt pathway by Zhang X1, Bi L, Ye Y, Chen J.(PubMed)
(979) The red clover (Trifolium pratense) isoflavone biochanin A modulates the biotransformation pathways of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene by Chan HY1, Wang H, Leung LK.(PubMed)
(980) Red clover(WebMD)
(981) Fertility and growth of nulliparous ewes after feeding red clover silage with high phyto-oestrogen concentrations by Mustonen E1, Taponen S1, Andersson M1, Sukura A2, Katila T1, Taponen J1.(PubMed)
(982) [Oral anticoagulants and medicinal plants. An emerging interaction].[Article in Italian] by Argento A1, Tiraferri E, Marzaloni M.(PubMed)

Most Common Diseases of 50Plus:The Research and Studies of Ischemic heart disease - The Phytochemicals

Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease is defined as medical conditions affecting the cardiovascular system, including heart, blood vessels(arteries and veins).
Beside cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans everyday. Approximately 60 million Americans have heart disease.
There are many causes of heart diseases. Most of heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) build up in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart can be defined as a risk of heart disease.

Ischemic heart disease
Ischemic heart disease is defined as a condition of reduced blood supply of the heart muscle, as a result of coronary artery disease caused by plague building up in the arteries.

Phytochemicals to prevent Ischaemic heart disease

1. Omega-3 Fatty Acids
a. Systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol
In the ccomparison of the cardiovascular risk-reduction potential of three major polyunsaturated fatty acids in a double-blind study. showed that for the diet supplemented with EPA plus DHA compared with the linoleic acid diet systolic blood pressure fell 5.1 mm Hg (p = 0.01); plasma triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol fell by 39% (p = 0.001) and 49% (p = 0.01), respectively; and LDL cholesterol rose by 9% (p = 0.01). There were no significant changes with the diet supplemented with alpha-linolenic acid. The net effect on cardiovascular risk therefore is complex and the systolic blood pressure reduction was substantial, according to "n-3 fatty acids of marine origin lower systolic blood pressure and triglycerides but raise LDL cholesterol compared with n-3 and n-6 fatty acids from plants" by Kestin M, Clifton P, Belling GB, Nestel PJ.(49)
b. Cardiovascular effects
In the comparison of the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n-3) to those of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3) on cardiovascular risk markers in healthy elderly subjects, found that Both n-3fatty acid diets did not change concentrations of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and apoA-1 when compared with the oleic acid-rich diet. However, after the EPA/DHA-rich diet, LDL-cholesterol increased by 0.39 mmol/l (P = 0.0323, 95% CI (0.030, 0.780 mmol/l)) when compared with the ALA-rich diet. Intake of EPA/DHA also increased apoB concentrations by 14 mg/dl (P = 0.0031, 95% CI (4, 23 mg/dl)) and 12 mg/dl (P = 0.005, 95% CI (3, 21 mg/dl)) versus the oleic acid and ALA-rich diet, respectively. Except for an EPA/DHA-induced increase in tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) of 14.6% (P = 0.0184 versus ALA diet, 95% CI (1.5, 18.3%)), changes in markers of hemostasis and endothelial integrity did not reach statistical significance following consumption of the two n-3 fatty acid diets, according to "Effects of alpha-linolenic acid versus those of EPA/DHA on cardiovascular risk markers in healthy elderly subjects" by Goyens PL, Mensink RP.(50)
c. Health effects
In the investigation of the health effects of Perilla frutescens seeds, a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), showed that in comparing to other plant oils, perilla seed oil consistently contains the one of the highest proportion ofomega-3 (ALA) fatty acids, at 54-64%. The omega-6 (linoleic acid) component is usually around 14% and omega-9 (Oleic acid) is also present in perilla oil. These polyunsaturated fatty acids are most beneficial to human health and in prevention of different diseases like cardiovascular disorders, cancer, inflammatory, rheumatoid arthritis etc., according to "Health effects of omega-3,6,9 fatty acids: Perilla frutescens is a good example of plant oils" by Asif M.(51)
d. Obesity
in the determination of whether obesity modifies the association between plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and markers of inflammation and endothelial activation in Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) participants, found that the modifying effect of obesity on the association of plasma PUFAs with IL-6 and sICAM-1 suggests differences in fatty acid metabolism and may also have implications in dietary fatty acid intake for obese individuals, particularly for linoleic and EPAs. Further study is warranted to confirm and explain the strong associations of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) with inflammatory and endothelial activation markers, according to "Obesity modifies the association between plasma phospholipid polyunsaturated fatty acidsand markers of inflammation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis" by Steffen BT, Steffen LM, Tracy R, Siscovick D, Hanson NQ, Nettleton J, Tsai MY.(52).

2. Catechin is phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in white tea, green tea, black tea, grapes, wine, apple juice, cocoa, lentils, etc.
a. Body-weight regulation
Green tea has been proposed as a tool for obesity management as strategies for weight loss and weight maintenance, as researchers found that a green tea-caffeine mixture improves weight maintenance, through thermogenesis, fat oxidation, and sparing fat free mass. The sympathetic nervous system is involved in the regulation of lipolysis, and the sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue may play an important role in the regulation of total body fat in general, according to "Green tea catechins, caffeine and body-weight regulation" by Westerterp-Plantenga MS.(53)
b. Cholesterol
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating the relationship between GTCs and serum lipid levels, including total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides, found that the consumption of GTCs is associated with a statistically significant reduction in total and LDL cholesterol levels; however, there was no significant effect on HDL cholesterol or triglyceride levels, according to " Green tea catechins decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: a systematic review and meta-analysis" by Kim A, Chiu A, Barone MK, Avino D, Wang F, Coleman CI, Phung OJ.(54)
c. Antioxidant activity
In the research on polyphenolic compounds (included catechins) in the berries of edible honeysuckle and their biological effects, including recommended utilization, are reviewed found that These berries seem to be prospective sources of health-supporting phytochemicals that exhibit beneficial anti-adherence and chemo-protective activities, thus they may provide protection against a number ofchronic conditions, e.g., cancer, diabetes mellitus, tumour growth or cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, according to "Phenolic profile of edible honeysuckle berries (genus lonicera) and their biological effects" by Jurikova T, Rop O, Mlcek J, Sochor J, Balla S, Szekeres L, Hegedusova A, Hubalek J, Adam V, Kizek R.(55)
d. Cholesterol and glucose levels
In the examination of the effect of the main green tea catechin, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), taken in a green tea extract, Polyphenon E (PPE) and their effect on circulating hormone levels, an established breast cancer risk factor, found that Glucose and insulin levels decreased nonsignificantly in the PPE groups but increased in the placebo group; statistically significant differences in changes in glucose (P=0.008) and insulin (P=0.01) were found. In summary, green tea (400 and 800 mg EGCG as PPE; ~5-10 cups) supplementation for 2 months had suggestive beneficial effects on LDL cholesterol concentrations and glucose-related markers, according to "Effect of 2-month controlled green tea intervention on lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and hormonal levels in healthy postmenopausal women" by Wu AH, Spicer D, Stanczyk FZ, Tseng C, Yang CS, Pike MC.(56).

3. Theaflavin with reddish in color, is a phytochemical of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), formed in tea leaves during fermentation.
a. Cholesterol
In the investigation of 240 men and women 18 years or older on a low-fat diet with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia were randomly assigned to receive a daily capsule containing theaflavin-enriched green tea extract (375 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks, found that after 12 weeks, the mean ± SEM changes from baseline in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglyceride levels were -11.3% ± 0.9% (P = .01), -16.4% ± 1.1% (P = .01), 2.3% ± 2.1% (P = .27), and 2.6% ± 3.5% (P = .47), respectively, in the tea extract group. The mean levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and triglycerides did not change significantly in the placebo group. No significant adverse events were observed, according to "Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of a Theaflavin-Enriched Green Tea Extract" by David J. Maron, MD; Guo Ping Lu, MD; Nai Sheng Cai, MD; Zong Gui Wu, MD; Yue Hua Li, MD; Hui Chen, MD; Jian Qiu Zhu, MD; Xue Juan Jin, MS; Bert C. Wouters, MA; Jian Zhao, PhD.(57)
b. Antioxidant effects
In the investigation of four main TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF(1)), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF(2)A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, their properties of inhibiting superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical, and their effects on hydroxyl radical-induced DNA oxidative damage, found that compared with (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), TF derivatives were good antioxidants for scavenging ROS and preventing the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro. TF(3) was the most positive in scavenging hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, and TF(1) suppressed superoxide. Positive antioxidant capacities of TF(2)B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found, according to "Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(58)
c. Cardio-protective activities
In the analyzing the protective effect of theaflavin (TF1) and its underlying mechanism,
found that (1) compared with the control group, TF1 (10, 20, 40 μmol/l) displayed a better recovery of cardiac function after ischemia/reperfusion in a concentration-dependent manner. At 60 min of reperfusion, LVDP, ± LVdP/dt (max) and CF in the TF1 group were much higher than those in the control group, whereas left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in the TF1 group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). (2) Pretreatment with glibenclamide (10 μmol/l), a K(ATP) antagonist, completely abolished the cardioprotective effects of TF1 (20 μmol/l). Also, most of the effects of TF1 (20 μmol/l) on cardiac function after 60 min of reperfusion were reversed by 5-HD (100 μmol/l), a selective mitochondria K(ATP) antagonist. (3) Atractyloside (20 μmol/l), a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opener, administered at the beginning of 15 min of reperfusion completely abolished the cardioprotection of TF1 (20 μmol/l), according to "ATP-dependent potassium channels and mitochondrial permeability transition pores play roles in the cardioprotection of theaflavin in young rat" by Ma H, Huang X, Li Q, Guan Y, Yuan F, Zhang Y.(59).

4. Resveratrol is a type of natural phenol in the group of Stilbenoids, produced naturally by many plants when under attack by bacteria or fungi. It has been studied by many researchers for it health benefits in treating chronic diaereses, including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, etc.
a. In a study of "Resveratrol: a promising agent in promoting cardioprotection against coronary heart disease." by Penumathsa SV, Maulik N. (Source from Molecular Cardiology and Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030-1110, USA.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated in abstract that many studies have provided evidence that resveratrol possesses antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects apart from activation of longevity proteins (such as SIRT-1). We have recently reported the angiogenic, antihypercholesterolemic, and antihypercholesterolemic, antihypercholesterolemic, antidiabetic effects ofresveratrol and the mechanisms involved in reduced ventricular remodeling and increased cardiac functions. We have also shown different strategic target molecules involved in resveratrol-mediated.
cardioprotection.
b. Lipid metabolism
in a study of " [Effects of resveratrol on lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice]."[Article in Chinese]

by Ren Y, Li Y, Zhao Y, Yu F, Zhan Z, Yuan Y, Yang J. (Source from Department of Nutrition and Food hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China. renyahao0512@sohu.com) researchers found that The serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C levels of high-fat diet and resveratrol groups were higher than those of control group (P < 0.05), and the serum TC and LDL-C levels of high-fat diet were also higher than those of resveratrol group (P < 0. 05). But the serum TG levels of high-fat diet and resveratrol groups were lower than those of control group (P < 0.05). The TC content of liver in high-fat diet group were higher than those of control and resveratrol groups (P < 0.05), and concluded that The TC content in C57BL/6J mice can be decreased by resveratrol (22.5 mg/kg BW).

c. Diabetes and Obesity
According to the study of " Resveratrol, obesity and diabetes." by Szkudelska K, Szkudelski T. (Source from Department of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland. tszkudel@jay.up.poznan.pl) posted in PubMed, researchers found that The accumulating evidence also indicates the benefits of resveratrol in diabetes and diabetic complications. It is known that resveratrol affects insulin secretion and blood insulin concentration. In animals with hyperinsulinemia, resveratrol was found to reduce blood insulin. Moreover, numerous data indicate that in diabetic rats, resveratrol is able to reduce hyperglycemia. The mechanism of resveratrol's action is complex and is demonstrated to involve both insulin-dependent and insulin-independent effects. These data point to the potential possibility of use of resveratrol in preventing and/or treating both obesity and diabetes.

5. Garlic has been used in traditional Chinese and herbal medicine over thousands of year as antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal agent and in treating other conditions such as parasites, respiratory problems, poor digestion, low energy, etc. In many studies, researchers found that Allyl sulfides, a phytochemical in garlic has been demonstrated effectively in treating certain diseases.
a. Antioxidant against oxidation
According to the study of " Antioxidant Health Effects of Aged Garlic Extract" by Carmia Borek, posted in (Journal of Nutrition. 2001;131:1010S-1015S.)© 2001 The American Society for Nutritional Sciences, researcher found that AGE contains a wide range of antioxidants that can act in synergistic or additive fashion and protect cells against oxidative damage, thus helping to lower the risk of heart disease, stroke, cancer and Alzheimer’s disease and protect against toxic, tissue-damaging effects of ROS-producing radiation, including UV light, drugs used in therapy and chemicals in the environment and industry. b. Cholesterol, heart disease and stroke
In an article of "GARLICTHE BOUNTIFUL BULB" by Carmia Borek, Ph.D. posted in Life extension magazine, the author indicated that in the past 15 years, garlic supplementation studies have concentrated on the bulb's effects in reducing blood cholesterol and triglycerides (the form in which fat is transported in the blood). All studies did not agree with one another, given differences in the kind of garlic preparation, quality of standardization, doses and periods of treatment. But most findings showed that garlic slightly lowered blood cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides with a consistent lowering of blood lipids seen in studies that used aged garlic extract as the supplement. For example, while a University of Oxford study showed that garlic powder, given to patients at 900 mg a day for six months, had no protective effects and did not lower cholesterol levels, a study at East Carolina University found that aged garlic extract given at 2.4-4.8 gm a day, for six months, lowered cholesterol by 5-7%, and reduced LDL, triglycerides and blood pressure in men with high cholesterol.
c. Blood circulation
In an article of "Onions, Garlic, and Scallions… Oh My!" By Dr. Leo Galland, M.D., and Jonathan Galland", posted in the Chritian Broacasting Network, the authors wrote that scientists believe the components in onions, garlic, and scallions called allyl sulfides and bioflavonoids are key to their powerful health benefits. For cardiovascular health, clinical experiments have shown regular consumption of garlic may help improve circulation and help decrease calcium deposits and the size of arterial plaque in coronary arteries. As for detoxification, one study found that eating fresh garlic and onions each day can help remove toxins from the body.

d. High blood pressure
According to the study of "Effect of garlic on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis." by Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP, Fakler P, Sullivan T. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Eleven of 25 studies included in the systematic review were suitable for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of all studies showed a mean decrease of 4.6 +/- 2.8 mm Hg for SBP in the garlic group compared to placebo (n = 10; p = 0.001), while the mean decrease in the hypertensive subgroup was 8.4 +/- 2.8 mm Hg for SBP (n = 4; p < 0.001), and 7.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg for DBP (n = 3; p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant association between blood pressure at the start of the intervention and the level of blood pressure reduction (SBP: R = 0.057; p = 0.03; DBP: R = -0.315; p = 0.02), and concluded that Our meta-analysis suggests that garlic preparations are superior to placebo in reducing blood pressure in individuals with hypertension. f. Arteriosclerosis
In a study of "Effect of garlic feeding on regression of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits." by Bordia A, Verma SK. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health., researchers found that there was an increase in HDL levels in the garlic fed groups. Cholesterol feeding resulted in 80.9% atheromatous involvement of aortic surface in Group I. This remained almost the same (71.1%) after 9 months of stock feeding (Group II) while in the garlic fed group only 30.4% of the aortic surface had lesions. Correspondingly, the aortic lipid content of garlic fed animals was reduced by 72%, while in the control group there was no significant reduction. The data suggests that cholesterol is depleted from experimentally induces atherosclerosis by garlic administration.

6. Etc.

The Obesity's Weight Loss Recipes: Marinated Onion Ring

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Recipe attributed to Company's Coming Salads by Jean Pare

These can be prepared days ahead. Just what you need for the barbecue feast. Perhaps you should double the recipe.

large Spanish onion, sliced in thin ring 1
Cold water to cover
Granulated sugar 1 cup (250 ml)
Vinegar 1 cup (250 ml)
Cold water 1 cup (250 ml)
Cooking oil 1tbsp. (15 ml)

Slice peeled onion into the thinnest slices you can. A food slicer makes this a snap to do. Separate into rings and place in a bowl. Cover with lots of water. Let stand for 1 hour.
In small saucepan mix sugar, vinegar, water and cooking oil. Heat and stir until sugar dissolves. Drain onion. Pour sugar-vinegar mixture over onion. Let stand in refrigerator. Covered for at least 1 day, before serving. Serve 8 to 10.
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