Medical Advisor Journals

Friday, July 8, 2016

Most Common Diseases of 50plus: Disease of CNS - Alzheimer's Disease(AD) (The Article) Preventive Diet

1. Curry
Curry is the Indian favor which is daily eaten and contains curcumin that helps to trigger the production of enzymes protecting against any oxidative disease. It also is filled with phenols, the natural inflammation fighter.

2. Garlic
Garlic is one of nature's superfood that contains allicin that help to strengthen the immune system fighting against any harmful toxins and micro organism naturally. It also contains iron that help in producing of red blood cells and improving circulation of blood to brain cells.

3. Dark green leaf juice
Dark green leaf juice contains hundreds of phytochemicals that help to detoxify our body from free radical build-up, removing heavy metals from our brain and have an anti-virus, anti-bacteria, immune boosting resulting in anti-inflammation. It also helps to strengthen the liver, the vital organ for our body's detoxification. Dark green leaf juice is best for detoxification against any plague and tangle in our body.

4. Cold water fish
Cold water fish contains high amounts of fatty acids Omega 3 and 6 that help to lower the levels of bad cholesterol and triglyceride resulting in healthy heart and improved blood circulation.

5. Cinnamon powder
The most powerful natural superfood, Cinnamon powder ontains essential oil that helps to strengthen immune system caused by virus and bacteria and infection caused by wound. Study shows that cinnamon also will help to regulate levels of glucose in the bloodstream which aids blood circulation.

6. Tomato
Tomato contains high amounts of beta carotene, the powerful antioxidant that helps to remove toxins from our body and fight against free radical building up in our brain. Beta carotene in tomato is tough to digest. Be sure intake with vitamin C to increase the absorption.

7. Grape juice
Grape juice contains high amounts of iron that helps the production of red blood cells resulting in increase of oxygen levels in the blood stream for brain cells.

8. Broccoli
Broccoli contains high amounts of vitamin C and fiber that helps to strengthen the immune system and reduce cholesterol building up in the arteries, increasing the blood circulation to brain vessels.

In fact, any foods that contain high amounts of antioxidants resulting in winning the battle of free radical build up in our body including our brain will help to prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease.

General Health: Anemia - The Types

Women Health: Menstrual Disorders - Dysmenorrhea - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective

C. In Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective
A. Formula Herbs
A.1. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction)
According to the study of Xiao Chai Hu Tang & Dysmenorrhea, abstracted & translated by Bob Flaws, Dipl. Ac. & C.H., Lic. Ac., FNAAOM, FRCHM, researchers found that Xiao Chai Hu Tang treats all of the above disease mechanisms and it can treat all the various evolved patterns of dysmenorrhea, such as cold congelation, heat stasis, and hot and cold, vacuity and repletion painful menstruation.
A.2. Ingredients of Xiao Chai Hu Tang Jia Jian include
1. Chai Hu (Bupleurum Root)
Main uses; Regulates Heat, Clears Heat and Resolves depression, Raises Yang Qi.
2. Huang Qin (Skullcap Root)
Main uses; Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire, Stops bleeding.
3. Dang Shen (Codonopsis Root)
Main uses; Tonifies the Middle, Strengthens Qi, Generation of Body Fluids, Nourishes Blood.
4. Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber)
Main uses; Dries Dampness, Transforms Phlegm, Stops vomiting, Resolves masses.
5. Chuan Xiong (Szechuan Lovage Root)
Main uses; Moves Blood and Qi, Expels Wind, Calms pain.
6. Dang Gui (Angelica Root)
Main uses; Tonifies Blood, Moves Blood, Calms pain, Moistens the Intestines.
7. Pao Jiang (Blast-fried Ginger)
Main uses; Warms the Middle and Lung, Rescues Yang, Transforms Phlegm.
8. Gan Cao (Licorice Root)
Main uses; Tonifies the Spleen, Benefits the Qi, Moistens the Lungs; Calms cough.
9. Tao Ren (Peach Seed)
Main uses; Moves Blood, Eliminates accumulations, Moistens the Intestines to promote bowel movement.
10. Chuan Niu Xi (Cyathula Root)
Main uses; Expels Wind, Disperses Dampness, Soothes the joints.

B. Individual herbs
1 Dang qui (Chinese angelica root)
Chinese angelica root has been used in Chinese medicine for women's health in treating menstrual cramps, regulating menstrual periods, and lessening menopausal symptoms. Study shows that dang qui can help to reduce pain, dilate blood vessels, and stimulate the relaxation of uterine muscles.

2. Peach kernel
Peach kernel besides helping to enhance blood circulation and remove toxins from our blood, it also helps in moistening the bowels and relieving constipation. It is most often used in treating dysmenorrhea due to pathological blockage in blood circulation and abdominal pain before and after menstruation.

3. Curcuma Root
Chinese doctors believe that menstrual cramps and pain are due to stagnation of the liver-qi and retention of blood stasis in the interior. Curcuma root has been used to relieve pain by promoting blood circulation, restoring depressed liver by invigorating the flow of qi, and clearing away heat in the blood and heart.

4. Corydalis tuber
Corydalis tuber contains powerful alkaloids that have been used in postpartum abdominal pain due to pathological blockage in blood circulation and depressed liver causing qi stagnation. It is an important Chinese herb that has been used for hundreds of years to help relieve almost any painful condition especially for menstrual cramps, and chest and abdominal pains.

5. Safflower
Safflower is one of the many Chinese medicines used to treat difficult and painful menstruation by promoting blood circulation, and by removing any blood blockage substance and regulating blood flow.

6. Nutgrass flatsedge Rhizome
Nutgrass flatsedge rhizome is a Chinese herb that is used to sooth and regulate liver qi promote blood circulation, regulate menstruation, and alleviate pain as well as irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea.

7. Chuan Niu Xi (Cyathula Root)
Chuan Niu Xi is a liver and kidney tonic herb that has been used in Chinese medicine to strengthen blood circulation, stimulate menstrual discharge, and promote urination.

8. Etc.
Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine
Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

The Obesity' Research and Studies of Children's growth parameters vary by type of fruit juice consumed

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

The Studies of Children's growth parameters vary by type of fruit juice consumed

In the study to evaluate, in a sample of healthy young children, whether the associations between fruit juice intakes and growth parameters differ by the type of fruit juice consumed, Dr. Dennison BA, and the research team at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons indicated that the associations between high fruit juice intakes and obesity were observed with apple juice intakes only. Because most of the fruit juice mixtures were classified as single fruit juices, the findings, especially those with grape juice, need to be cautiously interpreted. High intakes of fruit juice, however, appear to be associated with growth extremes in young children. Thus, it would seem prudent for parents and caretakers to moderate the fruit juice intakes of their young children(1).

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
(1) "Children's growth parameters vary by type of fruit juice consumed" by Dennison BA, Rockwell HL, Nichols MJ, Jenkins P.

Most Common Diseases of 50plus: Thyroid disease: Hypothyroidism – The Complications

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is under active and produces very little thyroid hormones.

The Complications

1. Coronary heart disease and mortality
In the study to assess the risks of coronary heart disease (CHD) and total mortality for adults with subclinical hypothyroidism of Individual data on 55,287 participants with 542,494 person-years of follow-up between 1972 and 2007 were supplied from 11 prospective cohorts in the United States, Europe, Australia, Brazil, and Japan. The risk of CHD events was examined in 25,977 participants from 7 cohorts with available data. showed that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with an increased risk of CHD events and CHD mortality in those with higher TSH levels, particularly in those with a TSH concentration of 10 mIU/L or greater(19).

2. Recurrent pregnancy loss
Thyroid disturbances are common in women during their reproductive years. Thyroid dysfunction interferes with human reproductive physiology, reduces the likelihood of pregnancy and adversely affects pregnancy outcome, thus becoming relevant in the algorithm of reproductive dysfunction. According to the study by the MGM Medical College, pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism or thyroid antibodies have an increased risk of complications, especially pre-eclampsia, perinatal mortality, and miscarriage. Universal screening for thyroid hormone abnormalities is not routinely recommended at present, but thyroid function must be examined in female with fetal loss or menstrual disturbances. Practitioners providing health care for women should be alert to thyroid disorders as an underlying etiology for recurrent pregnancy loss(21).

3. Ovulatory dysfunction, adverse pregnancy, miscarriage rate, sperm motility, decrease fertility and increased genetic malformation rate
Subclinical hypothyroidism may be associated with ovulatory dysfunction and adverse pregnancy outcome. Thyroid autoimmunity increases the miscarriage rate, and thyroxine treatment does not seem to protect. Menstrual disturbances, frequent in thyrotoxicosis are restored following treatment. In males, thyrotoxicosis has a significant but reversible effect on sperm motility. Although radioactive Iodine (I) in ablation doses may transiently affect the gonads, it does not decrease fertility or increase genetic malformation rate in the offspring, according to the study by the Pedieos IVF Center, Cyprus(21).
Other study indicated that pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism or thyroid antibodies have an increased risk of complications, especially pre-eclampsia, perinatal mortality, and miscarriage(22).

4. Increased susceptibility to inflammatory diseases in the CNS of offspring
A deficiency in maternal thyroid hormones during gestation can influence the outcome of a CNS inflammatory disease, such as EAE, in their offspring. These data strongly support evaluating thyroid hormones in pregnant women and treating hypothyroidism during pregnancy to prevent increased susceptibility to inflammatory diseases in the CNS of offspring, according to the study by the Universidad Andres Bello, Ciencias Biologicas(23)..

5. Auditory function
Although only a limited number of studies have directly investigated the relationship between iodine deficiency and auditory function, most studies point toward an association. However, evidence from good randomised controlled trials is lacking. Inclusion of auditory outcomes in iodine supplementation studies is therefore to be recommended, especially for trials in pregnancy. Hearing deficit is an invisible abnormality, but has major consequences for educational and social skills if not detected, according to the study by the Wageningen University, Wageningen(24).

6. Hearing loss
In the study to assess hearing and its determinants in a population-based registry of young adult patients with CH, showed that despite major improvements in prognosis, hearing loss remains a significant problem, particularly in patients with severe CH. Parents and primary care providers should be aware of this risk, as early diagnosis and intervention could improve the long-term prognosis of these patients(25).

7. Goiter
There is a report of IgG4 thyroiditis in a Graves’ disease patient with large goiter developing hypothyroidism, according to the study by the Kuma Hospital(25a).

Thursday, July 7, 2016

Food therapy - Vegetables - Turnip greens (Brassica)

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Dietary fiber
3. Fat
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Vitamin B1
7. Vitamin B2
8. Vitamin B3
9. Vitamin B5
10. Folate (Vitamin B9)
11. Vitamin C
12. Vitamin K
13. Calcium
14. Magnesium
15. Potassium
16. Iron
17. Copper
18. Phosphorus
19. Etc.

Health benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Antinutritional factors
In the observation of the effect of blanching on the antinutritional content was studied in cabbage, turnip, collard, sweetpotato and peanut leaves found that blanching is recommended as an effective method for reducing the antinutritional factors in green vegetables, however, further investigation on the heating times for both conventional and microwave blanching methods has been suggested, according to "Effect of blanching on the content of antinutritional factors in selected vegetables" by Mosha TC, Gaga HE, Pace RD, Laswai HS, Mtebe K.(a)

2. Phenolic components
In the investigation of Phenolic components of mustard green, baby mustard green, gai choy, baby gai choy, yu choy, yu choy tip, bok choy, bok choy tip, baby bok choy, bok choy sum, Taiwan bok choy, Shanghai bok choy, baby Shanghai bok choy, rapini broccoli, turnip green, napa, and baby napa, found that identification of 71 phenolic compounds consisting of kaempferol 3-O-diglucoside-7-O-glucoside derivatives, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside-7-O-glucoside hydroxycinnamoyl gentiobioses, hydroxycinnamoylmalic acids, and hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids. Ten of the compounds, 3-O-diacyltriglucoside-7-O-glucosides of kaempferol and quercetin, had not been previously reported. The phenolic component profiles of these vegetables were significantly different than those of the leafy vegetables from B. oleracea, according to "Phenolic component profiles of mustard greens, yu choy, and 15 other brassicavegetables" by Lin LZ, Harnly JM.(b)

3. Carotenoid
In assessment of carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, lutein) in 2,458 fruits, vegetables, and multicomponent foods containing fruits and vegetables, found that collard, mustard, or turnip greens, spinach and broccoli are the main ontribution of lutein + zeaxanthin, according to "The development and application of a carotenoid database for fruits, vegetables, and selected multicomponent foods" by Chug-Ahuja JK, Holden JM, Forman MR, Mangels AR, Beecher GR, Lanza E.(c)

d. Vitamin B12
In the evaluation of vitamin B12 in Turnip greens found that vitamin Bi2 was present in the
leaves of a higher plant in amounts. there is no evidence supporting the synthesis of vitamin Bi2 by a higher plant. Was it produced by soil microorganisms and subsequently absorbed via the plant roots? There is ample proof of such synthetic activity by certain microorganisms and of vitamin B12 activity in soil , but no evidence that the vitamin B]2molecule is absorbed by the plant from the soil. Could it have been produced by bacteria living epiphytically
on the turnip leaf? Ericson and Lewis ('54) postulated such a relationship in their studies of vitamin Bt2 compounds found in certain algae, according to "STUDIES OF VITAMIN B12IN TUENIP GREENS" by LOUISE F. GEAY ANDLOUISE J. DANIEL(d)

5. Etc.

B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin K
Vitamin K not only plays an important role in protecting our skin from aging, it is also needed for the proper clotting of blood, thus decreasing the risk of excessive bleeding, in a study of "Delayed vitamin K deficiency as a cause of bleeding: still a concern in the 21st century!" by Kasatkar P, Shetty S, Ghosh K., posted inPubMed, researchers found that Laboratory tests confirmed acquired bleeding diathesis due to vitamin K deficiency, which was corrected after adequate vitamin K supplementation. VKDB is not an uncommon phenomenon and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a child with bleeding diathesis.

2. Vitamin A
Vitamin A is not only important in preventing types I diabetes, according to "A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues" byTakahashi N, Takasu S.(1) but also may be associated with compromised bone health, according to "Vitamins and bone health: beyond calcium and vitamin D" by Ahmadieh H, Arabi A.(2)

3. Vitamin C
In the evaluation of pulmonary dysfunction. and it effects on pulmonary dysfunction found that At present, evidence from randomised-controlled trials is insufficient to recommend a specific role for vitamin C in the treatment of asthma. Further methodologically strong and large-scale randomised controlled trials are needed in order to address the question of the effectiveness of vitamin C in children with asthma but some outcome data showed effectiveness on lung function, symptom scores, IgE levels and inhaled steroid use. One small study showed a significant difference in % drop in FEV1 post-exercise, according to the study of "Vitamin C supplementation for asthma" by Kaur B, Rowe BH, Arnold E.(3)

4. Folate
In the investigation of the prevalence and multifactorial etiology of anemia among Indian human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children and its effect onanemia, found that Anemia, particularly iron deficiency anemia and anemia of inflammation, is highly prevalent among children with HIV infection. Micronutrient supplements (iron and, folate) combined with ART(antiretroviral therapy) improved anemia in HIV-infected children, according to "The prevalence and etiology of anemia among HIV-infected children in India" by Shet A, Arumugam K, Rajagopalan N, Dinakar C, Krishnamurthy S, Mehta S, Shet AS.(4)

5. Etc.

C. Other health benefits
1. Lung
Turpip green besides enhances the lung function in removing toxins entail the excretion of carbon dioxide, it also reduces the risk of inflammation causes of emphysema as a result of second hand smoke due to Vitamin A deficiency. In study of "Vitamin A for preventing acute lower respiratory tract infections in children up to seven years of age" by Chen H, Zhuo Q, Yuan W, Wang J, Wu T., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18254093), researchers found that this unexpected result is outside our current understanding of the use of vitamin A for preventing acute LRTIs. Accordingly, vitamin A should not be given to all children to prevent acute LRTIs. There is evidence for vitamin A supplements to prevent acute LRTIs in children with low serum retinol or those with a poor nutritional status.

2. Antioxidant
Turnip green contains high amount of vitamin antioxidants that helps to neutralize the levels of cholesterol against the forming of free radical causes of the clumping of platelets and oxidation of bad cholesterol (LDL), according to the study of "A comparative study of antioxidant vitamins and simvastatin in hypercholesterolimic rabbits" by Syed NI, Arshad S, Syed AA, Ahmad M, Khan FZ, Ahmad B., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21959808).

3. Paraoxonase and Fetal growth
Paraoxonaseare is a group of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of organophosphates in the A-oxonzse family helped to breaks down acetylcholinesterase inhibitors before they bind to the cholinestarases, thus protecting women from harm by low dose of organophosphate pesticides exposure that can lead tolow birth weight. In the study of "Association of organophosphatepesticide exposure and paraoxonase with birth outcome in mexican-american women" by Harley KG, Huen K, Aguilar Schall R, Holland NT, Bradman A, Barr DB, Eskenazi B., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21904599)

4. Beta carotene
Beta carotene helps in the proper functioning of the immune system in the body that supports the body in producing and maintaining healthy membranes, thus reducing the risk of auto-immune condition of rheumatoid arthritis, according to the study of "Serum concentrations of alpha tocopherol, beta carotene, and retinol preceding the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus" by Comstock GW, Burke AE, Hoffman SC, Helzlsouer KJ, Bendich A, Masi AT, Norkus EP, Malamet RL, Gershwin ME., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9175934), researchers indicated that These findings support those of a previous study that low antioxidant status is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis. They suggest a similar association for systemic lupus erythematosus.

5. Osteoporosis
Magnesium beside enhances the body in absorption of calcium readily and prevents parathyroid hormone cause of low bone density (according to the study of "A case of magnesium deficiency associated with insufficient parathyroid hormone action and severe osteoporosis" by Kanazawa I, Yamamoto M, Yamaguchi T, Yamauchi M, Yano S, Sugimoto T., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18048993), it also promotes calcitonin hormone in aiding the extraction of calcium from tissues and blood into the bones and vitamin D function in absorbing calcium, according to the study of "Hypomagnesemia with increased metabolism of parathyroid hormone and reduced responsiveness to calcitropic hormones" by Mori S, Harada S, Okazaki R, Inoue D, Matsumoto T, Ogata E.", posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1392187)

6. Etc.

Side effect
1. Oxalates
a) Since turnip green contains a certain amount of oxalates, excessive accumulation can cause problem for people with existing or untreated kidney or gallbladder problems.
b) Oxalates can also interfere with the absorption of calcium by the body.
2. Etc.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8577655
(b) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20465307
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8440830
(d) http://jn.nutrition.org/content/67/4/623.full.pdf

(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21859436
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21967159
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19160185
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22009132

Phytochemicals in Foods - The Effects of Perillyl alcohol

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Perillyl alcohol

Perillyl alcohol is a phytochemicals in the class of Monoterpenes, found abundantly in citrus oils, caraway, mints, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Breast cancer
In the searching the effective way in treating breast cancer by investigating the activity of a combination of perillyl alcohol (POH), methyl jasmonate (MJ) with cisplatin, found that Combination treatment of POH and MJ blocked cells at the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and the addition of cisplatin forced the cells to progress through the cell cycle and induced apoptosis. Apoptotic mechanistic studies indicated that POH and MJ treatment activated tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and this was further increased by the addition of cisplatin. It was also found that mitochondrial membrane potential decreased with POH and MJ treatment; this effect was further enhanced by cisplatin treatment, according to "Perillyl alcohol and methyl jasmonate sensitize cancer cells to cisplatin" byYeruva L, Hall C, Elegbede JA, Carper SW.(1)

2. Pancreatic cancer
In the development of enhanced single or combinatorial therapies to decrease the pathogenesis of this invariably fatal disease. Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24) is a potent cancer gene therapeutic because of its broad-spectrum cancer-specific apoptosis-inducing properties as well as its multipronged indirect antitumor activities,
found that a dietary agent perillyl alcohol (POH) in combination with Ad.mda-7 efficiently reverses the mda-7/IL-24 "protein translational block" by inducing reactive oxygen species, thereby resulting in mda-7/IL-24 protein production, growth suppression, and apoptosis. Pharmacologic inhibitor and small interfering RNA studies identify xanthine oxidase as a major source of superoxide radical production causing these toxic effects, according to " Mechanism of in vitro pancreatic cancer cell growth inhibition by melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 and perillyl alcohol" by Lebedeva IV, Su ZZ, Vozhilla N, Chatman L, Sarkar D, Dent P, Athar M, Fisher PB.(2)

3. Skin cancer
in the evaluation of preparation and characterization ofa novel poly-lactic glycolic acid (PLGA)-based microparticle formulation of perillyl alcohol (POH) and its efficacy against di-methyl benzo anthracene-induced skin papilloma in Swiss albino mice, found that in vitro efficacy of POH-bearing PLGA microparticles was evaluated by examining their differential cytotoxicity and assessing their ability to inhibit epidermoid carcinoma cell line (A253). The POH-based microparticles when administered to tumor-bearing animals caused greater tumor regression and increased survival rate (∼80%) as compared with the group receiving free form of POH (survival rate 40%), according to "Anticancer efficacy of perillyl alcohol-bearing PLGA microparticles" by Farazuddin M, Sharma B, Khan AA, Joshi B, Owais M.(3)

4. Lipid Membranes
In the assessment of the possible biophysical effects of these compounds on membranes quantitatively, the influence of limonene and its bio-oxidation products on a membrane model composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR), found that limonene (1), perillyl alcohol (2), and perillaldehyde (3) partitioned into the DMPC membrane, whereas perillic acid (4) did not. The DSC results demonstrated that all the partitioning compounds strongly perturbed the phase transition of DMPC, whereas no perturbation of the local membrane order was detected by EPR spectroscopy, according to "Influence of the Active Compounds of Perilla frutescens Leaves on Lipid Membranes" by Duelund L, Amiot A, Fillon A, Mouritsen OG.(4)

5. Antioxidant and antiproliferative effects
In the investigation of antioxidant potential of three monoterpenoids (carvone,perillyl alcohol, and α-terpineol), using two methods: DPPH and ORAC and the antiproliferative effect of these monoterpenoids against nine cancerous cell lines performed and compared to limonene and doxorubicin, found that all samples tested had very low antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay, but α-terpineol (2.72μmolTrolox equiv./μmol) could be compared to commercial antioxidants in the ORAC assay. The antiproliferative results obtained encourage future in vivo studies for α-terpineol, since this monoterpenoid presented cytostatic effect against six cell lines, especially for breast adenocarcinoma and chronic myeloid leukemia, in a range of 181-588μM, according to "Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative potential of bioflavors" by Bicas JL, Neri-Numa IA, Ruiz AL, De Carvalho JE, Pastore GM.(5)

6. Transplant coronary artery disease TCAD prevention
In the study of whether systematical dissection of the prenylation pathway to better define the mechanism behind statin inhibition in chronic allograft rejection in heart transplants, or transplant coronary artery disease (TCAD), found that FPT and GGPT-2 (inhibition) are the key enzymes in the HGM-CoA reductase pathway and most influential in TCAD prevention. TCAD reduction is most closely related to smooth muscle cell migration, but not its anti-inflammatory properties, according to "Prevention of transplant coronary artery disease by prenylation inhibitors" by Stein W, Schrepfer S, Itoh S, Kimura N, Velotta J, Palmer O, Bartos J, Wang X, Robbins RC, Fischbein MP.(6)

7. Oxidative stress
In the investigation of the protective effects of perillyl alcohol (POH) on ethanol-induced acute liver injury in Wistar rats and its probable mechanism, ethanol administration decreased hepatic reduced glutathione content and various antioxidant enzymes activity. TNF-α production and NFκ-B activation was also found to be increased after ethanol administration. POH pre-treatment significantly ameliorates ethanol induced acute liver injury possibly by inhibition of lipid peroxidation, replenishment of endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense system, downregulation of TNF-α as well as NFκ-B, according to "Perillyl alcoholprotects against ethanol induced acute liver injury in Wistar rats by inhibiting oxidative stress, NFκ-B activation and proinflammatory cytokine production" by Khan AQ, Nafees S, Sultana S.(7)

8. Non small cell lung cancer
In the investigation of the effects of perillyl alcohol (POH) and its metabolite perillic acid (PA) on the proliferation of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC, A549, and H520) cells, found that exposing the cells to an IC50 concentration of POH or PA sensitized the cells to cisplatin and radiation in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that POH and PA in combination therapy may have chemotherapeutic value against NSCLC, according to "Perillyl alcohol and perillic acid induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in non small cell lung cancer cells" by Yeruva L, Pierre KJ, Elegbede A, Wang RC, Carper SW.(8)

9. Etc.