Friday, August 26, 2016

Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Chinese Herbs - Lou Shen Hua (Calyx Hibisci sabdariffae)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                 
          Lou Shen Hua (Calyx Hibisci sabdariffae)




Lou Shen Hua is also known as Rosselle. The sour and cool herb has been used in TCM as hypotensive, diuretic, antibiotic and anticaners agent and to lessen blood viscosity, stimulate intestinal peristalsis, clearing infection, relieving thirst, arresting cough, etc., by enhancing the function of kidney channels.

Ingredients
1. Hibiscus acid
2. Anthocyanins
3. Delphinidin-3- sambubioside
4. Cyanidin-3-sambubioside
5. Delphinidin-3-glucoside
6. Cyanidin-3-glucoside
7. Gossypitrin
8. Hibiscitrin
9. Sabdaritrin
10. Gossytrin
11. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Diuretic effect
In the study to evaluate the evaluate the diuretic activity of Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract on in vivo and in situ models, conducted by Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), DR.Alarcón-Alonso J, and the reseach team found that the compound presents in Hibiscus sabdariffa as quercetin had effect on the vascular endothelium causing oxide nitric release, increasing renal vasorelaxation by increasing kidney filtration. Therefore, the diuretic effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa may be mediated by nitric oxide release(1).

2. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal activities
In the study to evaluate the antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antidiarrheal activities of the ethanolic calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. in mice. at Life Science School, Khulna University, indicated that in acetic acid-induced writhing test, the extract produced inhibited writhing in mice significantly compared with the blank control (P<0.01). The extract showed significant inhibition of ear edema formation in xylene-induced ear edema model mice in a dose-related manner compared with the blank control (P<0.01). The extract demonstrated a significant antidiarrheal activity against castor oil-induced diarrheal in mice in which it decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight (P<0.01)(2).

3. Increased antioxidant activity, improved dermal penetration and reduced dermal toxicity
Researchers at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University, suggested that The Liposome formulations of standardized Roselle extracts were developed with various lipid components. showing the highest entrapment efficiency was selected for stability, skin permeation and dermal irritability studies. The liposome formulation with the highest entrapment efficiency (83%) and smalôlest particle size (332 mm) was formulated with phosphatidylcholine from soybean (SPC): Tween 80: deoxycholic acid (DA); 84:16:2.5 weight ratio, total lipid of 200 g/mL and 10% w/v Roselle extract in final liposomal preparation. This liposome formulation was found to be stable after storage at 4 degrees C, protected from light, for 2 months. The in vitro skin permeation studies, using freshly excised pig skin and modified Franz-diffusion cells, showed that the liposome formulation was able to considerably increased the rate of permeation of active compounds in Roselle extracts compared to the Roselle extract solution. The in vivo dermal irritability testing on rabbit skin showed that the liposome formulation dramatically decreased skin irritability compared to the unformulated extract(3).

4. Anxiolytic and sedative effects
Aqueous (A), hydroalcoholic (AE) and ethanolic (E) extracts and fractions of dried calyxes of Hibiscus sabdariffa were evaluated for anxiolytic property using elevated-plus maze (EPM), and sedative properties using ketamine-induced sleep in animal models, showed that The extracts at A 5 mg/kg, AE 5 mg/kg and A 50 mg/kg did not cause an increase in time spent in the open arms (p < 0.05) but other doses significantly did when compared with the vehicle control. The fractions of the hydroalcoholic extracts showed no significant anxiolytic activity. Neither the extracts nor the fractions significantly reduced or increased latency to sleep after a single dose except AE 300 (p < 0.01). There was significant reduction in onset of sleep, and increase in sleeping time with A and AE extracts with multiple doses at A 300, AE 50 and AE 300 mg/kg dose groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05 respectively). A reduction in sleeping time after several daily doses of ethanol extracts doses was observed. A single dose of one of the fractions (EAC at 50 mg/kg) caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in sleep duration(4).

5. Accelerated growth and delayed puberty
In teh study to investigate whether consumption of HS during lactation will affect the onset of puberty and to examine the possible mechanism underlying this, showed that the accelerated growth and delayed puberty in the HS offspring may be through increased corticosterone and decreased leptin delivery through breast milk(5).
6. Etc.

Side Effects
No known side effects

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22178178
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21669166
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21294418
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18756855

(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20839905



Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus: Thyroid Disease : Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis - Misdiagnosis and diagnosis

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                         Thyroid disease


Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active and produces too much thyroid hormones.


             Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis

Sepsis is defined as a condition caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammation throughout the body as a result of severe infection(a)(b). according to the study by the University of Utah, sepsis is the commonest cause of admission to medical ICUs across the world. Mortality from sepsis continues to be high. Besides shock and multi-organ dysfunction occurring following the intense inflammatory reaction to sepsis, complications arising from sepsis-related immunoparalysis contribute to the morbidity and mortality from sepsis(c).

                                  The Misdiagnosis and diagnosis



1. Delayed diagnosis
There is a report of encountered a case where the diagnosis of malarial infection in a woman with acute puerperal sepsis was significantly delayed(37). Others report a case of Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), a rare polymicrobial infection that can be life-threatening. It is a rapidly progressive inflammatory process affecting the deep fascia, with secondary necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue. Misdiagnosis and delayed treatment can result in death from sepsis, mediastinitis, carotid artery erosion, jugular vein thrombophlebitis, or aspiration pneumonia(38).

2. Delirium
There is a report of three cases of a 65-year-old woman, admitted for malnutrition, has significant mood-related symptoms that resemble depression, a 50-year-old male, admitted with an abscess, necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis, appears to be suicidal and 61-year-old male, admitted with pneumonia, has auditory hallucinations. All three patients turned out to have a delirium(39).

3. Fatal sepsis
There is a report of a case of fatal sepsis caused by infection with Klebsiella variicola, which is an isolate genetically related to Klebsiella pneumoniae. The patient's condition was incorrectly diagnosed as common sepsis caused by K. pneumoniae, which was identified using an automated identification system, but next-generation sequencing and the non-fermentation of adonitol finally identified the cause of sepsis as K. variicola(40).

4. Shigella sonnei
There is a report of a case of sepsis, caused by a commensal inactive Escherichia coli, which had been repeatedly misidentified as Shigella sonnei by VITEK 2 compact(41).

D.2. Diagnosis
According to the study by the Mustafa Kemal University, in cases of severesepsis and septic shock, lactate clearance early in the hospital course may indicate a resolution of global tissue hypoxia and is associated with decreasedmortality rate. Patients with higher lactate clearance after 6 hrs of emergency department intervention have improved outcome compared with those with lower lactate clearance(42).
If you are experience certain symptoms of the above and your doctor suspects that you have developed Sepsis, after recording the past and present history and completing a physical exam, the tests which your doctor orders may include
1. The table of sepsis diagnostic criteria
Table 1. Diagnostic criteria for sepsis

[Levy M, Fink MP, Marshall JC, Abraham E, Angus D, Cook D, Cohen J, Opal SM, Vincent JL, Ramsay G. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med 2003;31:1250-6]


Infection, documented or suspected*, and some of the following:
General variables

Fever (> 38.3 °C)
Hypothermia (< 36 °C)
Tachycardia (heart rate > 90/min, or >2 SD above the normal value for age)
Tachypnea (increased respiratory rate)
Altered mental status
Significant edema or positive fluid balance (> 20 mL/kg over 24 hrs)
Hyperglycemia (plasma glucose >120 mg/dL or 7.7 mmol/L) in the absence of diabetes
Inflammatory variables

Leukocytosis (WBC count > 12,000/uL
Leukopenia (WBC count < 4,000/uL
Normal WBC count with > 10% immature forms
Elevated plasma C-reactive protein (CRP)
Elevated plasma procalcitonin (PCT)
Hemodynamic variables

Arterial hypotension
SvO2 (mixed venous oxygen saturation) > 70%
Elevated cardiac index (>3.5 L/min/m2)
Organ dysfunction variables

Arterial hypoxemia
Acute oliguria (reduced urine output)
Creatine increase
Coagulation abnormalities (elevated D-dimer, prolonged PT, reduced protein C)
Ileus (absent bowel sound)
Thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100,000/uL)
Hyperbilirubinemia
Tissue perfusion variables

Elevated blood lactate
Decreased capillary refill or mottling


(44).

2. The Laboratory tests
The aim is the test is to identify the infectious agent causing the infections. According to the study by the Stanford University School of Medicine, definitive diagnosis depends on cultures of blood or other normally sterile body fluids. Abnormal hematological counts, acute-phase reactants, and inflammatory cytokines are neither sensitive nor specific, especially at the onset of illness. Combinations of measurements improve diagnostic test performance, but the optimal selection of analytes has not been determined. The best-established use of these laboratory tests is for retrospective determination that an infant was not infected, based on failure to mount an acute-phase response over the following 24 to 48 hours(43).

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Sources
(a) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis
(b) http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sepsis/DS01004
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24082613
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24032986
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23790808
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23693007
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449877
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22029193
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15286537
(43) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20569816

Women Health: The Obesity and Polycystic ovary syndrome Research and Studies of Obesity polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), resulting in male pattern hair development, acne,irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility. It effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.

The Studies of Obesity polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and insulin resistance


Approximately 50% to 70% of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have some degree of insulin resistance, and obesity is known to worsen insulin resistance. According to the study by the Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, posted in PubMed, ISI was significantly lower in both lean and ow/ob women with PCOS compared to BMI-matched controls (p<0.05). Increasing BMI by 1 kg/m(2) decreased ISI by 0.169 in PCOS patients (p<0.05) and by 0.238 in controls (p<0.05); there was no significant difference between these groups. In lean PCOS patients and lean controls, BMI had no effect on ISI. Multiple regression analysis revealed that PCOS status (β=-0.423, p<0.001) and BMI (β=-0.375, p<0.001) were significantly associated with ISI. Conclusion: Insulin resistance is an intrinsic defect of PCOS, and a high BMI could exacerbate insulin resistance in all women, irrespective of whether they have PCOS.

General Health: Cirrhosis - Treatments of Medication causes of cirrhosis

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                   Cirrhosis 

Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population: 10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in South-East Asia.

               The Treatments


A. Treatments of cirrhosis depend not on the underline causes and stage of the diseases
Medication causes of cirrhosis
According to the study by the Seoul National University College of Medicine, anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in patients with chronic liverdisease including cirrhosis, but the drugs may be safely used in the patients with chronic liver disease including compensated cirrhosis if number of hepatotoxic drugs used is adjusted appropriately(85). In other study by University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, there is a case of a male patient who developed severedrug-induced hepatotoxicity during the treatment with Cyproterone acetate (CPA). The case, presenting sub-acute hepatitis, was characterized by a rapid evolution of cirrhosis and a protracted activity during the period of a few months despite the treatment withdrawal and an apparent benefits of corticosteroids, suggesting their indication in life threatening cases(86). Please consult your doctor for replacement medication.

Children Health: Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD) -Treatments In Nutritional Supplement perspective - Protein

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

           Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD)

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD) also known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a chronic disease occurs in certain age and years of a children, defined as a condition with characteristics of co-existence of attentional problems and hyperactivity. It effects about 5% of the all children in the world with boys have 3-4 times higher risk than girl. Over one third of children with ADHD will have continued symptoms existed into their adult life.


                 The Nutritional Supplements - Protein

Proteins beside serve as a fuel source, they also are essential nutrients for the human body and as one of the building blocks of the body, protein deficiency can lead to variety of ailments including mental retardation, including learning disability.


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Overcome Infertility: What Exhibit Infectious Diseases To Cause Infertility

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                    Overcome Infertility 

Infertility is defined as inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse. It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U. S. and many times more in the world. Because of unawareness of treatments, only 10% seeks help from professional specialist.

       What Exhibit Infectious Diseases To Cause Infertility


1. Sexual transmitted Diseases
Most bacteria infect the reproductive system through unprotected sexual intercourse and are happened mostly to women and men with several partners.
a) Pelvic inflammation disease (PID)
PID is caused by sexual transmitted diseases to the pelvic region leading infertility if the scar as resulting of infection forming in the Fallopian tube blocks the tube completely.

b) Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is also a sexual transmitting disease which infect the uterus and Fallopian tube in women and epididymitis in men.

c) Epididymitis
Epididymitis is defined as inflammation of epididumis caused by bacteria, sexual transmitting diseases and urinary tract infection leading to infertility if infection spread to testicles.

2.Vaginosis
Vaginosis is often caused by death of certain bacteria which helps to balance the production of bacteria in the vagina as resulting of douching or certain products to reduce pain during sexual intercourse or vaginal cleaning product.

3. Bacteria infection
a)Vaginitis
Vaginitis infection auses low levels of estrogen increase the risk of allergic reaction leading to abnormal vagina discharge. in some serve case, it causes adhesion in the pelvic region or tubal blockage.
b) Ureaplasma urealyticum
Ureaplasia urealyticum is a types of bacteria infection with no symptoms and sexual transmitted between partner, it causes tubal disease, decrease sperm movement and quality causing infertility if left untreat.

4. Weakening immune system
We know that immune system is important to defence our body fighting against bacteria and virus causing sickness such as cold and flu or infection. In fact, immune system also helps to regulate the duplication of DNA and cells growth in the region where it suppose to grow. Weakened immune system causes irregular cells grow in the wrong organ leading to abnormal adhesion and implants causing inflammation.

5. Irregular cells growth
Irregular cells growth in peritoneal region including endometriosis, appendicitis, abdominal or pelvic operations, infect the pelvic during surgery cause a scarred abdominal cavity as resulting of infection or inflammation leading to infertility.
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Phytochemicals for Treatment of Bone cancer

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers.

                        Bone cancer

A. A bone cancer is an abnormal growth of cells within the bone that have became cancerous. Bone cancer may be classified as primary cancer originated in the bone, and secondary cancer originated from elsewhere.

B. Types of bone cancer
B.1. Osteosarcoma(35%)
Osteosarcoma, a cancerous bone tumor, is the most common type of aggressive and primary bone cancer, usually arise in a bone and destroy local tissue and weakens the bone. Since osteosarcoma develops from osteoblasts, it most commonly affects adolescents and young adult and most cases of osteosarcoma involve the knee joint. It affects about four in one million people in the United States every year.

B.2. Chondrosarcoma(25%)
Chondrosarcoma is a cancer composed of cells derived from transformed cells that produce flexible connective tissues between bones. It is is the second most frequent primary malignant tumor of bone, representing approximately 25% of all primary osseous neoplasms.

B.3. Ewing's sarcoma(16%)
Ewing's sarcoma, a rare cancer disease found in the bone or in soft tissue, is a malignant bone tumor that affects childhood and young adulthood, but usually develops during puberty and spreads to the lungs and other bones.

B.4. Less frequently (≤ 5%) occurring tumors are chordoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, and fibrosarcoma of bone.

C. Types of Food to Prevent and Treat Bone Cancer
C.1. Osteosarcoma(35%)
1. Green tea
Dr. Hönicke AS and the research team at University Medicine Greifswald, in the study of The link between cancer and inflammation, found that IL-1Ra and EGCG downregulated IL-1-induced IL-6 and IL-8 release from U-2 OS cells by 65-85%. IL-1Ra and EGCG also reduced secretion of invasiveness-promoting MMP-2 and pro-angiogenic VEGF to 62-75% without affecting the metabolic response and caspase-3 activity. In conclusion, downregulation of IL-1-induced tumorigenic factors (IL-6, IL-8, VEGF, MMP-2) in U-2 OS by IL-1Ra and EGCG may positively affect tumor-associated inflammation and, as a consequence, lead to reduction in angiogenesis and invasiveness. This renders a combined administration of EGCG and IL-1Ra a promising approach as an adjuvant therapy in patients withosteosarcoma(1).

2. Aromatic plants like nutmeg, basil, cinnamon and bay leaves
Eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol) found abundantly in aromatic plan has exerted the protective effect against certain types of cancer. Dr. Jaganathan SK and Dr. Supriyanto E., in the study of Antiproliferative and molecular mechanism of eugenol-induced apoptosis in cancer cells, showed that eugenol possesses antioxidant, antimutagenic, antigenotoxic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Molecular mechanism of eugenol-induced apoptosis in melanoma, skin tumors, osteosarcoma, leukemia, gastric and mast cells(2).

3. Turmeric
Curcumin the main ingredient of turmeric has shown to induce cell apoptosis in human osteosarcoma. Dr. Li Y, and scientists at the Qilu Hospital, Shandong University indicated that curcumin caused marked inhibition of osteosarcoma cell growth and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. This was associated with concomitant attenuation of Notch-1 and downregulation of its downstream genes, such as matrix metalloproteinases, resulting in the inhibition of osteosarcoma cell invasion through Matrigel. We also found that specific downregulation of Notch-1 via small-interfering RNA prior to curcumin treatment resulted in enhanced inhibition of cell growth and invasion(3).

4. Etc.

C.2. Chondrosarcoma(25%)
1. Green Tea
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant primary bone tumor that responds poorly to both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea, has been shown to inhibit tumorigenesis and cancercell growth in animal models. In the study conducted by National Chung Hsing University, Dr. Yang WH and research team indicated that EGCG induced cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma cell lines but not primary chondrocytes. EGCG induced upregulation of Bax and Bak, downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and dysfunction of mitochondria in chondrosarcoma and EGCG triggered ROS and activated the ASK1-p38/JNK pathway, resulting chondrosarcoma cell death. Importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic reduction in tumor volume after 24 days of treatment(4)

2. Turmeric
Turmeric, principal curcuminoid of the popular Indian spice, a rhizomatousherbaceous perennial plant of the ginger family, Zingiberaceae, native to tropicalSouth Asia, Curcumin the main ingredient of turmeric has shown to induce cell apoptosis in human chondrosarcoma. Dr. Lee HP, and scientists at the China Medical University Hospital, found that Curcumin induced upregulation of Fas, FasL, and DR5 expression in chondrosarcoma cells. Transfection of cells with Fas, FasL, or DR5 siRNA reduced curcumin-induced cell death. In addition, p53 involved in curcumin-mediated Fas, FasL, and DR5 expression and cell apoptosis in chondrosarcoma cells. Most importantly, animal studies revealed a dramatic 60% reduction in tumor volume after 21days of treatment(5).

3. Etc.


C.3. Ewing's sarcoma(16%)
1. Turmeric
Curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound found in the turmeric.Under investigation as a chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive agent in adult cancer models at both pre-clinical and clinical levels. In this preliminary study, showed that curcumin is effective in causing cell cycle arrest, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing colony formation in the Ewing sarcoma cell line SK-NEP-1. Curcumin causes upregulation of cleaved caspase 3 and downregulation of phospho-Akt, producing apoptosis in Ewing sarcoma cells at an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) of approximately 4 μM. (6)

2. Green tea
The insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) is constitutively activated in Ewing family tumors (EFT) and that the major catechin derivative found in greentea, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), can inhibit cell proliferation and survival of EFT cells through the inhibition of IGFIR activity, as treatment of EFT cell lines with EGCG blocked the autophosphorylation of IGFIR tyrosine residues and inhibited its downstream pathways including phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt, Ras-Erk, and Jak-Stat cascades. EGCG treatment was associated with dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cellular proliferation, viability, and anchorage-independent growth, as well as with the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Apoptosis in EFT cells by EGCG correlated with altered expression of Bcl-2 family proteins, including increased expression of proapoptotic Bax and decreased expression of prosurvival Bcl2, Bcl-XL, and Mcl-1 proteins. Dr. Kang HG and the research team at Children's Hospital Los Angeles suggested(7)

3. Etc.

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References
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22641358
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22634840
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22521131
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21328612
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22522053
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19859844
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20423994