Saturday, September 10, 2016

Herbal therapy: Popular Herbal Turmeric (Curcuma longa)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                           Turmeric (Curcuma longa)


Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia. The herb has been used in trditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Pancreatic cancer
In the study of the cytotoxic effect of Turmeric Force (TF), a supercritical and hydroethanolic extracted from turmeric, alone and in combination with gemcitabine in two pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (BxPC3 and Panc-1), found that TF induced cell death in 96% of the cells at 50 microg/ml. The combination of gemcitabine and TF was synergistic with IC90 levels achieved in both pancreatic cancer cell lines at lower concentrations. CalcuSyn analysis of cytotoxicity data showed that the Gemcitabine + Turmeric Force combination has strong synergism with combination index (CI) values of 0.050 and 0.183 in BxPC3 and Panc-1 lines, respectively at IC50 level, according to "Potentiation of gemcitabine by Turmeric Force in pancreatic cancer cell lines" by Ramachandran C, Resek AP, Escalon E, Aviram A, Melnick SJ.(1)

2. Cancer Therapy
In the investigation of the effect of an ethanol extract of turmeric ("Curcuma longa") as well as an ointment of curcumin (its active ingredient) in relieving symptoms in patients with external cancerous lesions, found that Reduction in smell were noted in 90% of the cases and reduction in itching in almost all cases. Dry lesions were observed in 70% of the cases, and a small number of patients (10%) had a reduction in lesion size and pain. In many patients the effect continued for several months. An adverse reaction was noticed in only one of the 62 patients evaluated, according to" Turmeric and curcumin as topical agents in cancer therapy" by Kuttan R, Sudheeran PC, Josph CD.(2)

3. Anti cancer effects
In assessment of the anticancer activity of the rhizomes of turmeric, in vitro, using tissue culture methods and in vivo in mice, found that Cytotoxic effect was found within 30 min at room temperature (30 degrees C). The active constituent was found to be 'curcumin' which showed cytotoxicity to lymphocytes and Dalton's lymphoma cells at a concentration of 4 micrograms/ml. Initial experiments indicated that turmeric extract and curcumin reduced the development of animal tumours, according to "Potential anticancer activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa)" by Kuttan R, Bhanumathy P, Nirmala K, George MC.(3)

4. Antifungal activity
In the determination of the urmeric oil and curcumin, isolated from Curcuma longa L., effects against fifteen isolates of dermatophytes, four isolates of pathogenic molds and six isolates of yeasts, found that turmeric oil (dilution 1:80) was applied by dermal application on the 7th day following dermatophytosis induction with Trichophyton rubrum. An improvement in lesions was observed in 2-5 days and the lesions disappeared 6-7 days after the application of turmeric oil, accoridng to "Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae)" by Apisariyakul A, Vanittanakom N, Buddhasukh D.(4)

5. Anti prostate diseases
In the examination of the use of turmeric, derived from the root of the plant curcuma longa, for the treatment of various diseases in Ayurveda and in Traditional Chinese Medicine for thousands of years, indicated that extensive research over the last decade has indicated that this polyphenol can both prevent and treat prostatic diseases, acccording to "[Curcumin in the treatment of prostatic diseases].[Article in Chinese]" by Chen ZQ, Mo ZN.(5)

6. Anti inflammatory effects
In a systematic review of the literature was to summarize the literature on the safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin, found that curcumin has been demonstrated to be safe in six human trials and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity. It may exert its anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of a number of different molecules that play a role in inflammation, according to "Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of tumeric (Curcuma longa)" by Chainani-Wu N (6)

7. Antioxidants
In the reseach of a literature search (PubMed) of almost 1500 papers dealing with curcumin, most from recent years, with ll available abstracts were read and pproximately 300 full papers were reviewed, found that curcumin, a component of turmeric, has been shown to be non-toxic, to have antioxidant activity, and to inhibit such mediators of inflammation as NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipooxygenase (LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Significant preventive and/or curative effects have been observed in experimental animal models of a number of diseases, including arteriosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, respiratory, hepatic, pancreatic, intestinal and gastric diseases, neurodegenerative and eye diseases, "Curcumin, an atoxic antioxidant and natural NFkappaB, cyclooxygenase-2, lipooxygenase, and inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor: a shield against acute and chronic diseases" by Bengmark S.(7)

8. Neuroprotective effect
In the finding of the A Potential Neuroprotective Agent in treating Parkinson's Disease, found that curcumin exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, crosses the blood-brain barrier and is neuroprotective in neurological disorders. Several studies in different experimental models of PD strongly support the clinical application of curcumin in PD. The current review explores the therapeutic potential of curcumin in PD, according to "Curcumin: A Potential Neuroprotective Agent in Parkinson's Disease" by Mythri RB, Bharath MS.(8)

9. Antiarthritic efficacy
In the determination of the antiarthritic efficacy and mechanism of action of a well-characterized turmeric extract using an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), found that a turmeric fraction depleted of essential oils profoundly inhibited joint inflammation and periarticular joint destruction in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo treatment prevented local activation of NF-kappaB and the subsequent expression of NF-kappaB-regulated genes mediating joint inflammation and destruction, including chemokines, cyclooxygenase 2, and RANKL, according to "Efficacy and mechanism of action of turmeric supplements in the treatment of experimental arthritis" by Funk JL, Frye JB, Oyarzo JN, Kuscuoglu N, Wilson J, McCaffrey G, Stafford G, Chen G, Lantz RC, Jolad SD, Sólyom AM, Kiela PR, Timmermann BN.(9)

10. Gastrointestinal diseases
In the exporation more systematically in various diseases of curcumin's therapeutic promise,
indicated that curcumin may be particularly suited to be developed to treat gastrointestinal diseases. This review summarizes some of the current literature of curcumin's anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-cancer potential in inflammatory bowel diseases, hepatic fibrosis and gastrointestinal cancers, according to "Therapeutic potential of curcumin in gastrointestinal diseases" by Rajasekaran SA.(10)

11. Diabetes
In identification of turmerin, a water-soluble peptide in turmeric rhizomes,and its inhibitory potential against glucosidase and its antioxidant (AO) capacity, indicated that Turmerin showed good DPPH (IC(50) = 29 µg mL(-1)) and superoxide (IC(50) = 48 µg mL(-1)) and moderate ABTS (IC(50) = 83 µg mL(-1)) radical scavenging and Fe(II) chelation (IC(50) = 101 µg mL(-1)) capacities. The inhibitory potential showed by turmerin against enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, as well as its moderate AO capacity, could rationalise the traditional usage of turmeric rhizome preparations against diabetes, according to "Turmerin, the antioxidant protein from turmeric (Curcuma longa) exhibits antihyperglycaemic effects" by Lekshmi PC, Arimboor R, Raghu KG, Menon AN.(11)

12. Wound healing
In the testing the efefct of wound healing of fresh turmeric (Curcuma longa) paste in a preclinical study in an animal model, found that Only tensile strength was measured on day 14 of treatment. It was observed that the wound healing was statistically significantly faster (P < .01) in both treatment groups compared to the control group, according to "Turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizome paste and honey show similar wound healing potential: a preclinical study in rabbits"by Kundu S, Biswas TK, Das P, Kumar S, De DK.(12)

13. Etc.

Side effects
1. Overdose may cause gastrointestinal discomfort such as nausea and diarrhea and liver damage.
2. Topical use may be allergic to skin such irritation to certain peoples
3. Do not use the herb in new born, children or if you are pregnant and breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.
4. Etc.

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20428806
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2435036
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4075289
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8824742
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297817
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12676044
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16387899
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211691
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17075840
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607160
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21972920
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16286372


Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Chinese Herbs - Mu Fu Rong (Hibiscus mutabilis L.)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                 
          Mu Fu Rong (Hibiscus mutabilis L.)


Mu Fu Rong (Hibiscus mutabilis L.) is also known as Cottonrose Hibiscu. The slightly acrid and cool herb has been used in TCM treat coughs due to heat in the lungs, menorrhagia, leukorrhea, etc., as it cools Blood, expels toxin, solves oedema, calms pain, etc., by enhancing the functions of ling channel.

Ingredients
1. flavonoid glycoside
2. Phenols
3. Animo acid
4. Tannins
5. Fflavonoids:
6. Isoquercitri
7. Cyanidin 3,
8. 5-diglucoside
9. Hyperoside
10 Rutin
11. Quercetin-4\’-glucoside (spi-raeoside)
12. Quercimeritrin
13. Anthocyanin
14. betulinic acid
15. β-Sitosterol
16. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Allergy-preventive effects
Allergy-preventive activity was demonstrated for the MeOH extract (HM) of the petals of Hibiscus mutabilis L. ‘versicolor’ MAKINO in a continuing search for allergy-preventive substances from natural sources, using the in vivo assay method. showed that Among these flavonol derivatives, compounds 1(quercetin 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside) and 2 (kaempferol 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-galactopyranoside) showed significant allergy-preventive effects(1).

2. Anti parasites
In the study to examine in vitro activity of a methanolic extract of leaves of Hibiscus mutabilis (Malvaceae) against bovine Setaria cervi worms, ferulic acid causes an increased proapoptotic gene expression and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic genes simultaneously with an elevated level of ROS and gradual dose dependent decline of parasitic GSH level. We also observed a gradual dose dependent elevation of GST and SOD activity in the ferulic acid treated worms(2).

3. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in newborn, children, or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without first consulting with related field specialist
2. Etc.

Children Health: Autism - The Importance of Diet - Organic Foods

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                                        Autism 

Autism is one of the most common forms of brain development disorder and one in 166 child is diagnosed with some forms of autism. Children who are diagnosed with autism tend to have weak immune system and auto immune problems. Autism is defined as medical condition in which a child has some of the following impairments
a) Speech
b) Social and communication skills
c) Limited interest
d) Repetitive behaviour 

                 The Importance of Diet - Organic Foods

Although medication and physical therapies are important for autistic children, without carefully chosen intake of foods with vital nutrients, they will be lessened their effectiveness. In some cases, it may contribute to severity of the symptoms if wrong kinds of food are taken as we mentioned in previous article. It is the responsibility of the parent of autistic children to record daily food intake and carefully observe the reaction of the child during early stage of diagnosis. There are some foods which may increase the autoimmune response, thus weakening the immune system in fighting the forming of cell oxidation and bacteria and virus. Others may decrease the blood circulation to cells, thus interfering with central nervous system in transmitting and regulating information, etc. Here are some important diet for autistic children's parent to consider.

a) Organic vegetables and fruits are grown in the friendly environment without being sprayed with harmful chemicals. They are expensive, comparing to conventional grown foods, but they have their unique benefits for children with autism. Since there are no protection from man made chemicals, the foods spoil easily, they must be rushed to the market as soon as they are harvested, thereby decreasing the loss of nutrients in the foods. If you can buy them fresh, they must be good. Since most autisic children are diagnosis with deficiency of vitamin B6, zinc, selenium and magnesium, please make sure all vegetables and fruits chosen containing high amount of them.

b) Organic meat
It is important that parent who would like to feed their autistic children with meat for intake of protein, please make sure that the animals are organic growth. Otherwise, the existence of growth hormone injected or fed to the animals may interfere with the function of central nervous system in regulating the production of the child's hormones, thus increasing the severity of the symptoms and brain tumors and cancers as we mentioned in previous article. It is for the child's benefit, if the parent can replace them with soy based protein or make sure that the animals are organic growth.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, 
particular in treatment of menstrual disorder in Women Health


Overcome Infertility: Ovulation test? of Female Infertility In Conventional medicine Perspective

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                    Overcome Infertility 

Infertility is defined as inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse. It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U. S. and many times more in the world. Because of unawareness of treatments, only 10% seeks help from professional specialist.

       Ovulation test? of Female Infertility In Conventional medicine Perspective

Since failure of ovulation is account for over 25% of female infertility, your doctor may order ovulation test right after first visit. It helps to determine" Are the eggs produced each month?".

Procedure
Blood sample is taken at the clinic laboratory to see if the levels of your hormones are in the normal range for ovulation.

Diagnosis
Under this test, you may ask to come in the clinic to have blood sample withdrawn from your arm at different stages in your cycle in order to measure the levels of LH, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) or progesterone because at each stage these hormones change to accommodate for the need for the result of egg fertilization. Thyroid hormone places an important role in ovulation, your thyroid hormone is also checked. Since the body of a women is unique and depending what types of symptoms and what your doctor suspect, your doctor will decide which blood tests to carry out.
If the tests suggest that you are not ovulating, you may need to take some medication to help you ovulate or you may be referred you to a fertility specialist for more tests.
Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine



Women Health: Menstrual Disorders - Oligomenorrhea Hormone treatments of Contraceptive pill

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Oligomenorrhea is an irregular menstruation and defined as a condition of infrequent period or a woman menstrual period does not occur at a interval of greater than 35 days.


                 Hormone treatments of Contraceptive pill  




1. Contraceptive pill
a. Low-dose combination birth control pills which contains low-dose synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone may be use to treat amenorrhea by controlling the menstrual cycle or bring the period back to normal. 

b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Growth of fibroids
Growth of fibroid is caused high level of estrogen and progesterone. The intake of the pill increase the level of both hormones resulting in increase the risk of growth of fibroid. 

b.2. Recurrent of menstrual symptoms
Some women stop taking the pill may see all the menstrual symptoms coming back. 

b3. Blood clots
Estrogen in the pill may cause blood clots in the small vessels in the leg and the lung. 

b.4. Stroke and heart diseases
Study shows that women who have higher natural estrogen levels may have a higher risk of stroke and heart diseases. 

b.5. Depression and mood swing
At the beginning, it may cause abnormal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone elevate both physical and psychological stress, eventually resulting in both depression and mood swing 

b.6. Bleeding and spotting 
Bleeding and spotting is normal for the first six months for women who begin with any oral contraceptive combination pill treatment. 

b.7. Lost interest in sex
Some women may experience lower sexual desire 

Phytochemicals for Treatment of Prostate Cancer

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers.


             Prostate Cancer

Prostate warped around the around a tube (the urethra) is a gland of the male reproductive system found in front of the rectum and just below the bladder and responsible for making some of semen that carries sperm.


Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams.

Types of food to prevent and treat prostate cancers
1. Tomato
In the study of `Lower prostate cancer risk in men with elevated plasma lycopenelevels: results of a prospective analysis.`by Gann PH, Ma J, Giovannucci E, Willett W, Sacks FM, Hennekens CH, Stampfer MJ. (Source from Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA. pgann@nwu.edu), researchers found that the ORs for all prostate cancers declined slightly with increasing quintile of plasma lycopene (5th quintile OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.54-1.06; P, trend = 0.12); there was a stronger inverse association for aggressive prostate cancers (5th quintile OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.34-0.91; P, trend = 0.05). In the placebo group, plasma lycopene was very strongly related to lower prostate cancer risk (5th quintile OR = 0.40; P, trend = 0.006 for aggressive cancer), whereas there was no evidence for a trend among those assigned to beta-carotene supplements and concluded that These data provide further evidence that increased consumption of tomato products and otherlycopene-containing foods might reduce the occurrence or progression of prostate cancer(1).

2. Grapes and berries
Myricetin, a flavonol, belong to the flavonoid in Flavonoids (polyphenols), found in many grapes, berries, fruits, etc has been used as antioxidant to lower cholesterol, treat certain types of cancer, etc.
In the selection of several potential uPA inhibitors (antipain, leupeptin, folic acid, rosmarinic acid, lavendustin A, fisetin, myricetin, tolfenamic acid) and examination of theirs effects in prostate cancer found that a proper diet rich in uPA-inhibiting nutraceuticals might support the prevention of prostrate cancer and be a supportive tool in prostate cancer treatment, according to "Nutraceutical inhibitors of urokinase: potential applications in prostate cancer prevention and treatment" by Jankun J, Selman SH, Aniola J, Skrzypczak-Jankun E.(2)

3. Green and black tea
Tea polyphenols have been extensively studied in cell culture and animal models where they inhibited tumor onset and progression. "In vivo animal, and clinical intervention studies examine the effects of extracts of GT or purified (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on prostate carcinogenesis. These studies provide strong evidence supporting a chemopreventive effect of GT, but results from epidemiological studies of GT consumption are mixed. While the evidence for a chemopreventive effect of BT is much weaker than the body of evidence with regard to GT, there are several animal BT intervention studies demonstrating inhibition of CaP growth" said Dr. Henning SM, and the research team at the University of California(3)

4. Soy milk
In the study to examine of a prospective study with 225 incident cases of prostate cancer in 12,395 California Seventh-Day Adventist men who in 1976 stated how often they drank soy milk.
suggests that men with high consumption of soy milk are at reduced risk ofprostate cancer. Possible associations between soy bean products, isoflavones and prostate cancer risk should be further investigated(4).

5. Etc.

General Health: Cystitis -The Risk Factors

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.



                               Cystitis 


Cystitis is defined as a condition of urinary bladder inflammation


                     The Risk Factors

1. Immune deficiency
In the study of Different risk factors related to adenovirus- or BK virus-associated hemorrhagic cystitis following allogeneic stem cell transplantation, showed that of profound immune deficiency is more likely to be associated with ADV-HC, whereas immune hyperactivity might play a key role in BKV-HC(13).

2. Prolonged use of bladder catheters
Patients who prolonged use of bladder catheters are at greater risk to develop cystitis as a result of infection.

3. Bladder stone or calcified bladder tumour
There is a report of a 79-year-old woman suffered from microscopic haematuria following a symptomatic cystitis. Abdominal ultrasound investigation suggested abladder stone. Cystoscopy revealed a calcified bladder tumour(14).

4. Multiple sex partners
People with multiple sex partners are at increased risk of sexual transmitting diseases causes of cystitis

5. Etc.