Medical Advisor Journals

Sunday, September 18, 2016

Herbal therapy: Popular Herbal Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Wild Yam (Dioscorea villosa)

Wild Yam is a twining tuberous vine, in the genus Dioscorea, belonging to the family Dioscoreaceae, native to North America. The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat menstrual distress, menopause symptoms, infertilit, morning sickness, bilious colic, colic with spasmodic contractions, paroxysmal abdominal pain and stomach problems, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Menopause symptoms
In the conduction of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study of the effects of a wild yam cream in 23 healthy women suffering from troublesome symptoms of the menopause,
found that short-term treatment with topical wild yam extract in women suffering from menopausal symptoms is free of side-effects, but appears to have little effect on menopausal symptoms. It emphasizes the importance of careful study of treatments for menopausal symptoms if women are to be adequately informed about the choices available to them, according to "Effects of wild yam extract on menopausal symptoms, lipids and sex hormones in healthy menopausal women" by Komesaroff PA, Black CV, Cable V, Sudhir K.(1)

2. Anti aging
In the identification of New developments in the realm of skin rejuvenation such as phytotherapy are at an astounding increasing pace in the cosmeceutical market, found that we assessed the top anti-aging creams currently on the market specifically evaluating their botanical ingredients. Some of the most common botanicals that are hot off the market are: Rosmarinus officinalis, Vitis vinifera (grape seed extract), Citronellol, Limonene, Oenothera biennis (evening primrose), Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice extract), Aframomum angustifolium seed extract, Diosgenin (wild yam), N6 furfuryladenine (kinetin), and Ergothioneine, accoridng to " Top 10 botanical ingredients in 2010 anti-aging creams" by Cronin H, Draelos ZD.(2)

3. Bone density
In the examination of Diosgenin, a steroid saponin extracted from the root of wildyam (Dioscorea villossa) and its claim of osteogenic property, found that diosgenin can enhance bone formation by stimulating the synthesis and secretion of Type 1 collagen and ALP and bone marker proteins Runx2 and osteopontin expression. The increased levels of these marker proteins, in turn, can increase the formation of calcium deposits within the ECM thereby increasing bone formation, according to "Diosgenin stimulates osteogenic activity by increasing bone matrix protein synthesis and bone-specific transcription factor Runx2 in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells" by Alcantara EH, Shin MY, Sohn HY, Park YM, Kim T, Lim JH, Jeong HJ, Kwon ST, Kwun IS.(3)

4. Osteoporosis
In the investigation of Drynol Cibotinis, a newly developed proprietary botanical combination of eight botanicals including Angelica sinensis, Glycine max, Wildyam, Ligustrum lucidum, Astragalus membranaceus, Cuscuta chinensis, Psoraleae corylifoliae, and Drynaria fortune and theirs effect on osteoporosis, found that Cibotin was found to promote cell spreading and greatly increase calcium uptake both instantaneously and in the long term (P < 0.01). Furthermore, Drynol Cibotin significantly increased production of two key extracellular matrix proteins in bone cells: Collagen I and Laminin B2. These results indicate that Drynol Cibotin alone or in combination with amino acids and vitamins may have prophylactic potentials in osteoporosis, according to "Effect of a novel botanical agent Drynol Cibotin on human osteoblast cells and implications for osteoporosis: promotion of cell growth, calcium uptake and collagen production" by Wegiel B, Persson JL.(4)

5. Breast cancer
In the study ofthe estrogenic activity and cellular effect of wild yam extract in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. found that wild yam extract also inhibited proliferation of MCF-7 cells. These data indicate that wild yam extract acts as a weak phytoestrogen and protects against proliferation in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells, according to "Estrogen activities and the cellular effects of natural progesterone from wild yam extract in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells" by Park MK, Kwon HY, Ahn WS, Bae S, Rhyu MR, Lee Y.(5)

6. Skeletal muscle
In the study of female rats were divided into: (1) controls; (2) ovariectomized rats; (3) ovariectomized rats receiving yam (250, 750, 1,500 mg/kg/day); (4) ovariectomized rats receiving diosgenin (10, 50, 100 mg/kg/day). Yam and diosgenin were administered for 8 weeks, found that Yam, but not its extract (diosgenin), is associated with the regulation of calpain isoforms in ovariectomized rats. Adequate yam supplements might improve the muscular calpain-related physiopathology associated with menopausal status, according to "Effects of yamand diosgenin on calpain systems in skeletal muscle of ovariectomized rats" by
Hsu KH, Chang CC, Tsai HD, Tsai FJ, Hsieh YY.(6)

7. Anxiety and neuroimmunological function
In the investigation of the effects of dioscorea (wild yam), a Chinese medicine, on emotional behavior and IL-2 levels in the brain of ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
found that OVX-induced anxiety and changes in neuroimmunological function in the cortex are reversed by dioscorea treatment. Furthermore, individual differences need to be taken into account when psychoneuroimmunological issues are measured and the EPM is a useful tool for determining anxiety levels when examining anxiety-related issues, accoridng to "Psychoimmunological effects of dioscorea in ovariectomized rats: role of anxiety level" by Ho YJ, Wang CF, Hsu WY, Tseng T, Hsu CC, Kao MD, Tsai YF.(7)

8. Etc.

Side effects
1. Wild yam can cause allergic effects, including skin rash, stomach ache, etc.
2. Do not the herb if you are taking birth control pill or under hormone therapy due to hormonal effect without consulting with your doctor.
3. Do not give the herb to newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding with approval from the related field specialist.
4. Extract of wild yam can be toxic and pro-fibrotic in renal cells in long term use(a)
5. Etc.

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Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

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The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18662738
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11428178
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20883295
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21292464
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19953582
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19222119
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18603503
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17688703

Women Health: Fibroids and Uterine Bleeding: The Prevention - The Nutritional supplements

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Fibroids, also known as Fibromyoma uteri or leiomyoma uteri, are benign tumors originated from the muscle tissue that adhere to either the inner or outer of the uterine wall. According to the statistic from National Uterine Fibroid Foundations approximately 80% of all women have uterine fibroids with the majority usually have no symptoms. Every 10 minutes, 12 hysterectomies are performed in the United States alone.

The Preventive Nutritional supplements

1. Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids
Balancing Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids can enhance the liver function and protect against the over production of prostaglandins hormone, thus reducing the uterline muscle constraction.

2. Antioxidants scavengers
Vitamin A, C, E are antioxidant scavengers, they protect the cells against the free articles and chain free articles attack and ehance the immune system in fighting against irregular cells growth icluding the cells of the muscle tissue that adhere to either the inner or outer of the uterine wall.
a. Vitamin A
b. Vitamin C
c. Vitamin E

3. Vitamin D
In a study of "Vitamin D inhibits proliferation of human uterine leiomyoma cells via catechol-O-methyltransferase." by Sharan C, Halder SK, Thota C, Jaleel T, Nair S, Al-Hendy A, researchers found that Vitamin D inhibits growth of human fibroid cells a deficiency of vitamin D might allow fibroids to grow. The authors reference another article that found that while 45% of African-American women have vitamin D deficiency, only 4% of white women have this deficiency.

4. Iron
It is beneficial for women with heavy and profused menstrual flow as a result of oversize fibroid.

5. Phytoestrogen
Phytoestrogens are plant base weak estrogen, they can help to inhibit the rpoduction of bad estrogen by occupying the estrogen receptors sites and balance the levels of estrogen and progesterone, thus reducing the risk of fibroid's growth.

6. Resveratrol
According to the articles of "Resveratrol and Fibroids" posted in Resveratrol, 60 Resveratrol benefits report on online medical research, the author indicated that recent studies conducted by a fibroid research team headed by Dr. Bill Catherino and published and presented at the American Society of Reproductive Medicine Conference in Atlanta indicated that Resveratrol decreases the growth and induce fibroid cell death in vitro.

7. Etc.

Fibroids Miracle(TM)
Show You How To Permanently Eliminate
All Types of Uterine Fibroids Within 2 Month

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Phytochemicals for Treatment of Anxiety

Phytochemials are defined as a group of chemical compound found naturally in plants, including fruits, vegetables, beans, grains, etc. Many studies have proven that they can because of certain phytochemicals, but for what ever reason, there are either no clinical trials follow through or the studies can not make to stage of clinical trials. Do not expect the pharmateutical or foods industrial companies to pay for the researches, as the discovery of the phytochemicals to cure cancers can only dampen the profits of both industries as phytochemicals can not be patented.

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers.

Treatment of Anxiety

Anxiety is a psychological and physiological state triggered by feelings of fear, worry, uneasiness and dread, etc. It is a normal reaction to a stress that allows a person to cope with the situation during emotionally difficult time. But when when anxiety symptoms escalate or become excessive, it can lead to anxiety disorder.

Types of anxiety disorder
1. Panic disorder
Panic disorder is a type of anxiety disorder defined as a condition of sudden feelings of terror for no reason. It can happens any without cause. The condition affects more often in women mau ve as a result of stress or fear wiothout reason

2. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a type of anxiety disorder defined as condition of repeated absessions. A woman with obsessive-compulsive disorder tries to repeat the same complusive action over and over again to prevent something to happen with no reason. Example, some women with the disorder may try to clean away germs by clearing the same over and over again compulsively.

3. Post-traumatic stress disorder
Post-traumatic disorder is type of anxiety disorder defined as a condition of living through a horrible experience that can make you fear after the event was over. Some women may fear the sound of win after going the bad hurricane.

4. Phobias
Phobias is a type of anxiety disorder defined as a condition in which a person has strong fear of something which post no danger to him/her. Example, some people affaid of height,..

5. Generalized anxiety disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder is another type of anxiety disorder defined as a condition in which a person feels anxious from time to time when he/she is stressful. If the disease has affected the quality of life and daily activities, you may has general anxiety disorder.

6. Etc.

Types of Food to prevent and treat anxiety
1. Green tea
In the study of to examine the acute effects of L-theanine in comparison with a standard benzodiazepine anxiolytic, alprazolam and placebo on behavioural measures of anxiety in healthy human subjects using the model of anticipatoryanxiety (AA), indicated that some evidence for relaxing effects of L-theanine during the baseline condition on the tranquil-troubled subscale of the VAMS. Alprazolam did not exert any anxiolytic effects in comparison with the placebo on any of the measures during the relaxed state. Neither L-theanine nor alprazalam had any significant anxiolytic effects during the experimentally induced anxiety state(1). Others study suggested that L-theanine does not produce anxiolysis by modulation of the GABAA receptor; however, in combination with midazolam, a synergistic or additive effect was demonstrated by decreased anxiety and both fine and basic motor movements. These data may provide direction for further studies examining L-theanine and its effects on anxiety and motor activity(2).

2. Skins and seeds of grapes
In the study to determine the effect of resveratrol on hippocampal damage and behavioral deficits in 7-day-old rat pups subjected to contusion injury, showed that treatment with resveratrol decreased anxiety and increased cortex/hippocampus dependent memory of animals subjected to blunt head trauma. These results show that acute treatment of resveratrol has a neuroprotective role against trauma induced hippocampal neuron loss and associated cognitive impairment in rats(2).

3. Turcumin
In the study to evaluate the effect of curcumin (10 and 20mg/kg), an active constituent of Curcuma longa was evaluated for its antianxiety-like activity in mice subjected to immobilization-induced restraint stress for 6h, indicated that the combination of aminoguanidine and curcumin significantly decreased the plasma nitrite levels as compared to curcumin and aminoguanidine per se in stressed mice. Curcumin and aminoguanidine did not produce any significant change in brain GABA contents of the animals. Diazepam (2mg/kg) produced significant anxiolytic-like effect only in unstressed mice, but could not exert significant anxiolysis in stressed mice. However, diazepam significantly increased GABA contents in both unstressed and stressed mice as compared to respective control groups. These findings suggest the possible involvement of only inducible NOS and not neuronal NOS in antianxiety-like effect of curcumin(3).

4. Deep sea fish and Algae
Omega 3 fatty acids found abundantly in deep sea fish and kelp has exerted the protective effect against depression symptoms of anxiety. In the study to determine whether omega-3 PUFAs reduce the rate of progression to first-episode psychotic disorder in adolescents and young adults aged 13 to 25 years with subthreshold psychosis. showed that long-chain omega-3 PUFAs reduce the risk of progression to psychotic disorder and may offer a safe and efficacious strategy for indicated prevention in young people with subthreshold psychotic states(4).

5. Etc.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease,
particular in treatment of menstrual disorder in Women Health

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15378679
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20108732
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20633542
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20124114

Children's Health: Autism - Avoid Non organic foods with Contaminated Sewage Sludge

Autism is one of the most common forms of brain development disorder and one in 166 child is diagnosed with some forms of autism. Children who are diagnosed with autism tend to have weak immune system and auto immune problems. Autism is defined as medical condition in which a child has some of the following impairments
a) Speech
b) Social and communication skills
c) Limited interest
d) Repetitive behaviour

The Importance of Diet - Foods for Central nervous system

Since most children with autism have poor digestive system and weakened immune system, intake of artificial ingredients will cause toxin accumulated in the body, leading to abnormality of liver function in toxins elimination, resulting in increasing the severity of the symptoms.

Contaminated Sewage Sludge
The increasing uses of contaminated sewage sludge containing human waste, industrial waste and toxic chemicals as a fertilizer, causes crop contamination, leading to major chronic health problem, including increasing the severity of the nervous symptoms for children with autism.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease,
particular in treatment of menstrual disorder in Women Health

Overcome Infertility: Progesterone Supplement Effects in Female Infertility

Infertility is defined as inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse. It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U. S. and many times more in the world. Because of unawareness of treatments, only 10% seeks help from professional specialist.

Progesterone Supplement Effects in Female Infertility

1. Definition
Progesterone is a type of hormone produced in our body in regulating the menstrual cycle. Women body start to produce progesterone just before ovation in order to make mucus friendly to sperm invasion. The rise of levels of progesterone after ovulation helps to soften the uterine lining for preparation of fertilized egg.

2. How progesterone supplement effects infertile women
Types of medication specially used for women with luteal phrase deficiency (lasts under 10 days and it is considered a luteal phase deficiency) leading to increasing risk of abnormal development of uterine lining and interfering with fertilized egg implantation.

a) Uterus Lining
The rise of levels of progesterone by using progesterone supplement increases the softness of the endometrium which is vital for egg implantation. With enough progesterone, the endometrium is not soft enough for the egg to attach to it, leading to early miscarriage.

b) Unfriendly to Sperm
It helps to increase levels of progesterone just before ovulation that stimulates the expansion of tiny glands in the endometrium leading to production of uterine fluid which helps to nourish sperms and allow sperm to travel to the Fallopian tube for egg fertilization. Deficiency of progesterone causes sticky mucus which is hostile to sperm invasion.

c) Egg Movement
progesterone supplement boost the levels of progesterone, because after fertilization, the fertilized moves from the fallopian tube to the uterine and ready for implantation. without enough levels of progesterone, the uterine mucus may interfere with that movement, leading to miscarriage.

4. Maintaining pregnancy
it helps the levels of progesterone remain high during the last part of menstrual cycle, if the pregnancy occurs, because it is vital for embryo development. Deficiency during pregnancy causes abnormal development of embryo resulting in miscarriage.

3. Side effects
Although progesterone helps to increase the chance of fertilization, it causes some side effect including
a) Blood clots in the lungs ( sudden shortness of breath) and legs, or even stroke ( blocking the blood circulation)
b) Chest pain.
c) Blurred vision.
d) Numbness or tingling in the arms or legs.

4. Risk
a) Breast cancer
b) Heart disease and strokes

Almost 100% of women who take these types of medication will ovulate, but not all women will get pregnant. If a couple can not conceive after the infertile female taking the treatment in their first 6 treatment than the chance of pregnancy is reduced by 50%.

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Chinese Food Therapy

The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity

and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

General Health: Depression - The Supplements

Depression

Depression is a normal response as part of our daily lives such as the loss of s job, the death of a love one, and illness. Over 30 million Americans suffer from depression and the amount is increasing in an alarming rate. Depression may be a mental health disorder that can affect the way you eat, sleep, and the way you feel about yourself. The mild case of depression can be defeated by a variety of self-care techniques. Others require the treatment of medication, such as antidepressant medications and psychotherapy that help to reduce and sometimes eliminate the symptoms of depression.

The Supplements

1. DHEA
DHEA is the procusor for estrogen and testosterone, it helps to maintain mood, anxiety and menopausal women to have a better sense of well being and confident.

2. Chlorella
Chlorella contains high amounts of chlorophyll that not only help to prevent the forming of free radicals by aiding the moving of heavy metals that cause memory loss, increasing the phospholipid found on the surface of brain cell membrane resulting in delaying of memory loss and fending off the ravages of stress hormones.

3. Omega 3 fatty acid Omega-3 fatty acids play a crucial role in brain function as well as normal growth and development. Deficiency of Omega 3 includes extreme tiredness , poor memory, dry skin, heart problems, mood swings or depression .

4. L-cartinine
Amino acid acetyl L cartinine helps to regulate the hormone pregnenolone produced by the adrenal gland. Low levels of pregnenolone is associated with low energy, extreme tiredness and depression. Study shows that intake of amino acid acetyl L- cartinine helps to alleviate depression.

5. DMAE (Dimethylaminoethanol)
DMAE helps to stimulate the production of acetylcholine that helps to regulate the mood and energy level of our body and increase the ability of memory and learning.

6. Pumpkin seed extract
Pumpkin seed extract contains high amounts of zinc that helps to exhibit antidepressants such as stress suppresses brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Zinc also helps in promoting hormone balancing in our body by stimulating the production of growth hormones resulting in improve energy and well being.

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Chinese Food Therapy

The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity

and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

General Health: Duodenitis - The Causes and Risk Factors

Duodenitis

Duodenitis is defined as a condition of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum,the first section of the small intestine.

The Causes and Risk Factors

A. Causes
1. Medication
Prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), or aspirin, in some people, it can lead to irritation causes of inflammation in the lining of the duodenum. There is a report of a 40-year-old previously healthy white man presented to the emergency department at American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon, with developed symptomatic severe transmural duodenitis and periduodenal mesenteric streaking, consistent with a complicated ulcer, probably associated with very short-term exposure to tiaprofenic acid(3a).

2. Bacteria infections (Helicobacter pylor)
In the study of 138 (92 males, 46 females) patients aged 4.5-85 years [mean (7) = 45+/-SD 17.8 years] who had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were analyzed for presence of H. pylori, found that eighty-three had histopathology alone, while 55 others had both histology and culture. Endoscopic diagnosis included duodenal ulcer (DU) (n=35, 23%); gastric ulcer (n=4, 3%); gastric cancer (n=14, 9%); NUD, including gastritis (n=49, 32%); duodenitis (n=47, 31%); and normal (n=16, 11%). Overall, H. pylori was positive in 107 of 138 (77.5%) patients. There was a significant association of H. pylori with DU and NUD (p<0.000). Three-quarters of cases of normal endoscopy harbored H. pylori. The finding of 80% and 85% H. pylori in gastritis and duodenitis, respectively, was of interest(4).

3. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
In the study to determine the relationship between symptoms and H. pylori eradication and to determine whether H. pylori eradication results in symptoms or endoscopic findings of GERD, researchers at the University of Wisconsin Medical School, Milwaukee, showed that he presence of epigastric pain was significantly associated with persistent H. pylori infection 1 month after therapy (odds ratio 2.3, 95% CI: 1.02-5.2; P=0.041), as was nausea (OR 7.1, 95% CI: 0.93-55.6; P=0.029). The presence of epigastric pain was significantly associated with ulcer relapse at 6 months (OR 7.5, 95% CI: 3.6-15.7; P < 0.001) as was nausea (OR 5.1, 95% CI: 1.7-16.0; P=0.002). Heartburn was not associated with eradication of H. pylori or ulcer relapse. New onset reflux symptoms were reported by 17% (17 of 101 patients) at 6 months and were not significantly different in patients with (15%) and without (22%) persistent H. pylori infection (P=0.47)(5).

4. Parasitic infection
There is a report of a case of a 24-year-old male patient admitted for recent ascites and splenomegaly of unknown origin. The patient was referred to our institution with complaints of diarrhea, epigastric pain, abdominal cramping and weight loss over the past three weeks, Upper gastrointestinal system endoscopy performed a few days later revealed diffuse severe erythematous pangastritis andgastroduodenal gastric reflux. Duodenal biopsies showed chronic nonspecificduodenitis. Antrum and corpus biopsies showed chronic gastritis. The final diagnosis was consistent with parasitic infection while the clinical, sonographic and histological findings suggested an eosinophilic ascites(6).

5. Nucleic acids by phases of cavitary secretion
In the study of the concentration of nucleic acids in the cavitary secretion phase reflects the state of the gastroduodenal mucosa and physicochemical properties of the mucus of Sixty patients with gastroduodenal diseases (chronic gastritis, chronic duodenitis from surface to atrophic and during exacerbation), sgowed that changes in the distribution of nucleic acids by phases of cavitary secretion were revealed. A decrease in the total content of nucleic acids in cavitary contents was paralleled by decreased activity of chronic gastritis and duodenitis and normalization of colloid and gel-forming properties of the mucus(7).

6. Viral infection
In the study to investigate endoscopic and histopathological findings in the duodenum of patients with Strongyloides stercoralis (S. stercoralis) hyperinfection, reseachers at the indicated that twenty-four (96%) of the patients investigated were under immunocompromised condition which was mainly due to a human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection. The abnormal endoscopic findings, mainly edematous mucosa, white villi and erythematous mucosa, were observed in 23 (92%) patients. The degree of duodenitis including villous atrophy/destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration corresponded to the severity of the endoscopic findings(8).

7. Celiac disease, Whipple's disease and Crohn's disease
In studied the count and identification of inflammatory cells in duodenal biopsies of specific duodenitis. In celiac disease there is an increase of lymphocytes in the epithelial layer, and rich population of plasmacells in the lamina propria of duodenal mucosa. In Whipple's disease the reticulum cell component of lamina propria is increased, while total inflammatory cells are within normal limits, and both lymphocytes and plasmacells are decreased. The comparison between duodenal and jejunal findings shows similar data in celiac and Whipple's disease. In Crohn's disease the inflammatory cell count differs from controls only in presence of radiological or endoscopical features of duodenal involvement(9).

8. Toothpick ingestion
There is a report of two patients with duodenal inflammation secondary to toothpick ingestion. In the first patient, there was acute onset of severe abdominalpain, with findings on computed tomography consistent with marked duodenalinflammation. Endoscopy revealed a toothpick embedded in the wall of the duodenum with associated ulceration. In the second patient, 4 months of chronicabdominal pain was evaluated by upper endoscopy which revealed a toothpick embedded in a 1-cm ulcer found in the third portion of the duodenum(9a).

9. Etc.

B. Risk Factors
1. Smoking and gender
In the study of the extent of duodenitis on the site opposite the ulcer determined by histological examination, showed that Sixty per cent of the duodenal ulcers were healed after three weeks. By univariate analysis, the following factors affect the healing; pain radiation to back and pain duration during treatment (p less than 0.001), multiple or deep ulcers, narrowing of duodenal bulb (p less than 0.01), number of pain attacks and poor appetite (p less than 0.05). By the stepwise logistic regression model, the following factors were selected as predictors for healing of duodenal ulcer with 76% correct classification: pain radiation to back (p = 0.002), deep ulcer (p = 0.013), multiple ulcers (p = 0.028). Number of cigarettes/day (p less than 0.007) and male sex (p = 0.036). By this model, the prediction of healing could be accurately assessed in 78% in a new sample. Individual treatment should be carried out on the basis of these factors(10).

2. Alcohol abuse
Even though, there is no any relation existing between the percentage of cases with atrophic inflammation and the kind of drinks or the content of ethanol in them, but examinations concerning the secretory function of the stomach showed lower values of hydrochloric acid secretion, both in basic conditions and after pentagastrin stimulation, in patients addicted to alcohol as compared to the control. Continuous abuse of alcohol predisposes to atrophic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, and the appearance of this type of inflammatory changes is related to the duration of addiction. The longer the addiction, the lower the secretion of hydrochloric acid is(11).

3. Stress
GDD in the young is a very frequent pathology, which may be triggered off by abrupt changes in life style, especially in those patients who are unable to react positively to changes in the outer world. GD pathology arises most frequently during the first five months of military service, especially within the third and the fourth month(12).

4. Etc.

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Chinese Food Therapy

The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity

and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offe