Holiday collection by ATCO blue fame collection
1. Mani Punch
12 cups (3L) pineapple juice, thawed
1 can (355ml) frozen pink lemonade concentrate, thawed
1 can ( 250 ml) frozen strawberry daiquiri, thawed
8 cups (2L) ginger ale, chilled
Combined pineapple juice, lemonade concentrate and daiquiri mix in a punch bowl. Stirin ginger ale. Serve immediately. Serves 18- 20.
2. Cranberry Margaritas
1 can (250 ml) frozen margaritas mix, thawed
3/4 cup (175 ml0 tequila
2 tbsp. (25ml) triple sec or Cointreau
2 tbsp. (25ml) fresh lime juice
1/3 cup (75ml) whole berry cranberry sauce
5 cups (1.25L) ice cubes
Prepare margarita in two batches. For each batch combine half of each ingredient in a blender, Puree until smooth. Pour into stemmed glasses. Serve immediately. Serve 6.
3.Pink fantasy
2 cups (500ml) pineapple juice, chilled
3/4 cup (175ml) well stirred canned cream of coconut
1/2 cup (125ml) light cream (10%)
1/2 cup (125ml) triple sec or Cointreau
1/4 cup (50ml) grenadine
2 tbsp. (25ml) fresh lemon juice
Ice cube
Whisk together all ingredients except ice cubes until blenched. Pour over ice cubes in stemmed glass. Serve immediately. Serve 4
Cream of coconut is a rich, thick, sweet mixture of coconut, sugar and water. It is used mainly in desserts and mixed drink, such as pina coladas. Cream of coconut is available canned and usually found in aisle where carbonated beverages are sold. Cream of coconut should not be substituted for coconut milk, which is unsweetened
4. Roast pepper Hummus
1 can (19 oz./540ml) white kidney beans, rinsed and drained
3/3 cup (175ml) chopped drained canned roasted red pappers
2 tbsp. (25ml) olive oil
2 tsp. (10ml) balsamic vinegar
1 tsp. (5ml) basil, crumbled
1/2 tsp. salt
1/2 tsp. freshly ground pepper
2 cloves garlic, crushed
Place all ingredients in food processor, process until smooth. Transfer to a serving dish. Cover and refrigerator for at least 1 hour or up to 2 days. Serve with pita wedges. make 2 cups (500ml).
5. Layered shrimp and salsa dip
8 oz. (250ml) cream cheese, softened
1/8 tsp. (.05ml) garlic powder
1/8 tsp. (.05ml) hot pepper sauce
1 cup (250ml) medium salsa
2 tbsp. (25ml) chopped fresh cilantro
11/2 cup (375ml) coarsely chopped cooked shrimp
2 tbsp. (25ml) thinly sliced green onion
Using medium speed of an electric mixer, beat together cream cheese garlic powder and hot pepper sauce until blended. Spread cream cheese mixture over bottom of a shallow 6 inch (15cm) serving dish. Combine salsa and cilantro. Spoon over cream cheese mixture. Sprinkle shrimp over salsa mixture. Top with green onion. Serve with crackers or tortilla chips. Serve 6 - 8.
6. Smoke Paprika and lime Aioli
Serve this aioli as a dip for shrimp or as a sauce for shrimp cocktail
1 cup (250ml) mayonnaise
1 tbsp. (15ml) fresh lime juice
1 tsp. (5ml) grated lime peel
1 tsp. (5ml) smoke paprika
1/4 tsp. (1ml) salt
2 cloves garlic, crushed
Combined all ingredients until blenched. Transfer to a serving dish. Cover and refrigerate for at least 2 hours or up to 24 hours. Makes about I cup (250ml).
7. Crab and bacon dip
8 oz. (250g) cream cheese, softened
1/2 cup (125ml) light sour cream
1 tsp. (5ml) prepared horseradish
1/8 tsp. (.05ml) cayenne pepper
1 can (120g) crabmeat, drained, rinsed and flaked
1/4 cup (50ml) crumbled cooked bacon
2 tbsp. (25ml) thinly sliced green onion
Using medium speed of an electric mixture beat together cream cheese, sour cream, horseradish and cayenne pepper until blenched. Stir in crabmeat and bacon. Transfer to a serving dish. Cover and refrigerate for at least 1 hour or up to 24 hours. Sprinkle with green onion. Serve with celery stick or crackers makes about 11/2 cups (375ml).
8. Creamy olive Tapenade
1 cup (250ml) pitted kalamata olives
1 tbsp. (15ml) drained capers
1 clove garlic, crushed
1/4 tsp. (1ml) herbes de Povence ot thyme, crumbled
1/8 tsp. (.05ml) freshly ground pepper
4 oz. (125ml) cream cheese, softened
Place olives capers, garlic, herbes de provence and pepper in food processor. process using an on/off motion. until mixture is finely chopped. Place cream cheese in a bowl. Add olive mixture and stir to combine. transfer to a serving dish. Cover and refrigerate for at least 1 hour or u-p to 2 days. Serve with baguette slices. Make 11/3 cups (325ml).
9. Double Mustard dip for Pretzels
!/4 cup (50ml) mayonnaise
2 tbsp. (25ml) Dijon mustard
2 tpsp. (25ml) prepared mustard
1 tbsp. (15ml) ranch salad dressing mix
2 tsp. (10ml) prepared horseradish
1/4 tsp. (1ml) onion powder
Pretzel twists
Combine all ingredients except pretzels until bleched. transfer to a serving dish. Cover and refrigerate for at least 1 hour or up to 2 days. Serve with pretzels. Make about 1/2 cup (125ml).
10. Coconut dip
8 or (251g) cream cheese, softened
4 tsp. (20ml) wasabi paste
1 tbsp. (115ml) grated fresh ginger
1 tsp. (5ml) grated lime peel
1/2 cup (125ml) well-stirred canned coconut milk
2 tbsp. (25ml) fresh lime juice
Using medium speed of an electric mixer, beat together cream cheese, wasabi paste, ginger and lime peel until combined. Beat in coconut milk and lime juice until blenched. Transfer to a serving dish. Cover and refrigerate for at least 1 hour or up to 2 days. Serve with celery stcks. make about 13/4 cup (425ml).
Cooking light, the complete Quick Cook, (A practical Guide to Smart, Fast home Cooking) by Bruce Weinstein and Mark Scarborough, Publisher Oxmoor House
A. The Rubs, sauces and Marinade
*1. Korean Barbecue Wet Rub
here is a traditional -tasting Korean rub that goes on just before the food is grill. It is great on Salmon, steak, pork, tenderloin, dark meat chicken, or any game bird such as duck or quail.
1/4 cup packed dark brown sugar
1/2 tsp. salt
4 tsp. bottle minced garlic
2 tsp. lower-sodium soy sauce
2 tsp. dark sesame oil
Combined all ingredients, Store in the airtight container in refrigerator for 1 week . Yield about 3 tsp. (serving size; i1/2 tsp.).
*2. Cajun Blackening dry Rub
Try this fiery rub on chicken breasts or white-fleshed fish fillets, such as calfish or snapper. Or try it on shell o0n shrimp for a real Cajun feast. You can also sprinkle it on burgers of any variety, from turkey to beef-or over corn on the cob.
21/2 tsp. paprika
2 tsp. salt
11/2 tsp. ground cumin
11/2 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
1/2 tsp. garlic powder
1/2 tsp. ground red pepper
Combined all ingredients. Store in a airtight container at room temperature for up to 2 months. Yield about 1/2 (Serving size: 1 tsp,)
*3. Taxes Barbecue Dry Rub
Try this rub on lamb chops, skinless chicken thighs or steaks-or any meat that could be seared and cook quickly on the grill.
2 tsp. chill powder
2 tsp. brown sugar
11/2 tsp. salt
2 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
1 tsp. cumin
1/4 tsp. ground red pepper
Combined all ingredients. Store in a airtight container at room temperature for up to 2 months. Yield about 1/2 cup (Serving size: 1 tsp,)
*4. Jalapeno-Lime Marinade
Although great on chicken or pork, this marinade also works well 9on fish and shellfishes, smeared on just as they hit the hot grill rack and pan.
1/2 cup thawed orange juice concentrate undiluted
1 tsp. grated lime rind
1/4 cup fresh lime juice (about 2 limes)
1/4 cup honey
2 tsp.bottle minced garlic
1/4 tsp, salt
2 jalapeno peppers, seed and finely chopped
Combined all ingredients. Store in a airtight container at room temperature for up to 1 week. Yield about 1/1/3 cups (Serving size: 1 tsp,)
*5. Ginger-Molasses Marinade
This is a sweet but savory marinade best on beef or burgers. For more flavors, use 1 tsp. bottle minced peeled ginger instead of the ground ginger.
1/2 cup lower-sodium soy sauce
1/2 cup molasses
1 tsp. olive oil
1 tsp. ground ginger
Combined all ingredients., stir well and stored, in refrigerator for up to 2 weeks. Yield about 3/4 cups (Serving size: 1 tsp,)
*6. Zesty Dijon Marinade
Rather than using an expensive aged balsamic vinegar, look for a flavorful slightly sweet bottling, one that will offer an elegant but economical pop to this pantry staple. Marinade chicken or pork for a couple of hours-or use this marinade as barbecue mop when chicken or pork is on the grill.
1 cup balsamic vinegar
1/2 cup Dijon mustard
1/4 olive oil
1/2 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
1/4 tsp. salt
2 garlic minced
Combined all ingredients., stir well and stored in the airtight container, in refrigerator for up to 2 weeks. Yield about 11/2 cup. Serving size: 1 tsp.
*7. Tangy tamarind sauce
This sauce is great mopped onto grilled or broiled beef, chicken, pork, lamb or veal. It's sweet and sticky with a little fire underneath - a perfect combination.
1/4 cup tamarind puree or concentrate
6 tsp. water
1/4 cup chopped onion
1/2 tsp. ground cumin
1 large jalapeno pepper, halved and seeded
1 garlic clove, peeled
Combine all ingredient in the blender or mini food processor, process until smooth. Store covered in refrigerator for up to 1 week. Yield 1 cup. (Serving size: 1tsp.
8. Chimichurri Sauce
This is a traditional Agentine sauce, often served with steaks and other cuts or beef. It is sour and spicy - a sophisticated mélange. Use only fresh herbs here.
1/4 cup white vinegar
2 tsp. extra-virgin olive oil
1/2 tsp. salt
6 garlic cloves, peeled
2 jalapeno peppers, stems removed
3 bay leaves
1 cup minced fresh parsley
1/4 cup minced fresh oregano
Place first ingredients in the blender, process until smooth. Add parsley and oregano and stir well. Store, covered in refrigerator for up to 2 days. Yield I cup(serving size about 21/2 tsp.
9. Teriyaki sauce
This classic Japanese sauce-lightened here with lower sodium soy sauce- is not only a great meal marinade for beef, pork, chicken, or shellfish, but it's also a great basting sauce. Try it on grilled zucchini ring or onion wedges.
6 tsp. lower sodium soy sauce
3 tsp. rice vinegar
2 tsp. honey
1 tsp. sake (rice wine)
1 tsp. finely grated orange rind
1 tsp. minced peeled fresh ginger
1 tsp. bottle minced garlic
Combined all ingredients, stirring well with a whisk. Store, covered, in refrigerator for up to 5 days. Yield 8 serving. (Serving size: 2 tsp.)
10. Aioli
Aioli is a simple mayonnaise with the addition of minced fresh garlic. here is a homemade version- a real treat. Use aioli as a spread for samdwich pr wraps, as a dip for cut=up vegetables or a topper for sliced tomatoes.
1 tsp. fresh lemon juice
1/2 tsp. Dijon muster
2 large pasteurized egg yolks
1/4 canola oil
1 tsp. bottled minced garlic
1 tsp. salt
1/8 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
Combine lemon juice, mustard and egg yolks in a medium bowl, stirring well with a whisk. gradually add oil, about 1 tsp. at a time. stirring with a whisk until each addition is incorporated and mixture is thick. Stir in garlic, salt, pepper. Store in a air tight container in refrigerator for up to 1 week. Yield 1 cup. Serving size 21/2 tsp.
11. Roasted red bell pepper aioli
This version of aioli is made with prepared mayonnaise . a sort of simplified take on the preceding recipe
3 garlic cloves, peeled
1/2 cup free mayonnaise
1/2 tsp. salt
1/4 tsp. crushed red pepper
1 (7 ounces) bottle roast red bell peppers, drained, rinsed and patted fry
Drop garlic through food chute withfood processor on. Process until finely minced. Add remaining ingredients and process until well combined. Stor, in a tight container in refrigerator for up to1 week. Yield 1 cup. Serving size: 1 tsp.
B. The dressings
1. Enlightened Greek dressing
1 canned anchovy fillet
3 tsp. fresh lemon juice
21/2 tsp. olive oil
2 tsp. red wine vinegar
2 tsp. Worcestershire sauce
1 tsp. dried oregano
1/4 tsp. fried dill
1/4 tsp. fresh ground black pepper
1 garlic cloves, pressed
Mash anchovy fillet in a small bowl with a fork. Add lemon juice and remaining ingredients, stirring with a whisker until blended. Store, covered in refrigerator for up to in week. Yield 1/2 cup (Serving size: 2 tsp.)
2. Creamy raspberry dressing
Yu can have a bright spark of summer any time of year with this easy dressing. You can even make and refrigerate it for up to a week in advance. Try it on spinach salad with some chopped hard cooking egg and shredded carrot or a fruit salad with plenty of hulled strawberries and sliced peaches.
1/3 cup honey
1/4 cup raspberry vinegar
1/4 cup plain fat free yogurt
1 tsp. Dijon mustard
2 tsp. olive oil
1/4 tsp. salt
1/4 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
Combine all ingredients, stir with a whisker until creamy. Store, covered, in refrigerator for up to 1 week. Yield 3/4 cup. (Serving size: 3 tsp.)
3 Shallot and grapefruit dressing
Drizzle this zesty dressing over mixed salad green topped with goat cheese. Squeeze the juice from juicy grapefruit or look for fresh grapefruit juice in a produce section of the grocery store.
1 tsp. olive oil
1/2 cup chopped shallots
2 cups fresh grapefruit juice (about 3 grapefruit)
2 tsp. chopped fresh cilantro
2 tsp. sugar
1/4 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
2 tsp. olive oil
Bloat 1 tsp. oil in large nonstick skillet over medium heat. Add shallots, cook for 5 minutes or until golden brown. Stir in juice. Bring to a boil over medium high heat, cook until reduced to 1 cup, about 6 minutes. Removed from heat cool to room temperature.
Place grapefruit mixture, cilantro, sugar and pepper in a food processor, process until smooth. With processor on, slowly pour 2 tsp. oil through food chute, process until smooth. Store, covered in refrigerator for up to 1 week. Yield 1 cup (Serving size: 1 tsp.)
4. Maple- Mustard dressing
This dressing is best to subtle, delicate greens like Boston, Bibb, or about any other butter head lettuce.
1/2 cup maple syrup
2 tsp. finely chopped shallots
3 tsp. whole grain Dijon mustard
2 tsp. red wine vinegar
1 tsp. canola oil
1/4 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
1'8 tsp. salt
Combine all ingredients in a medium bowl, stirring with a whisker. Store, covered in refrigerator for up to 1 week. Yield about 3/4 cup. Serving size: 1 tsp.
5. Orange- Sesame dressing
This bold dressing is best with salads stocked with big flavors such as those found in sliced fruit, chopped nuts, diced bell peppers and broccoli florets.
1/2 cup fresh orange juice ( about 2 large oranges)
1/3 cups of vinegar
2 tsp. sesame seeds
1 tsp. Chinese hot mustard
1 tsp. sugar
1/4 tsp. salt
1 garlic clove, minced
2 tsp. canola oil
1 tsp. dark sesame seed oil
Combine first 7 ingredients in a medium bowl. Slowly drizzle oils into juice mixture, stirring constantly with a whisk. Store, cover for up to 10 days. Yield 1/2. Serving size: 4 tsp.
6. Asian Ginger-Carrot dressing
Here's a healthier take on flavorful dressing found in salads restaurants across North America.
3 tsp. finely shredded carrot
3 tsp. mirin (sweet rice wine)
1/4 cup minced peeled fresh ginger
1/4 cup lower sodium soy sauce
2 tsp. rice vinegar
Combined all ingredients in a medium bowl, stirring with a whisk. Store, covered in refrigerator for up to 3 days. Yield about I cup. Serving size: 2 tsp.
6. Blue Cheese dressing
A dressing as bold as this one needs, salad green that can stand up to its assertiveness. Try it on a mix of chopped arugula, radicchio, and endive the classic tricolor salad. Halve the recipe for small batch, suitable for 6 serving
1/2 cup ( 2 ounces) crumbled blue cheese
1/2 cup plain fat free yogurt
2 tsp. light mayonnaise
Combine all ingredients in a small bowl. Sore and covered in refrigerator for up to 4 days. Yield 3/4 cup. Serving size: 1 tsp.
7. Easy Herb Vinaigrette
Thus recipe makes plenty of dressing to keep on hand, so having a salad with dinner is effortless any night of the week. Because if the fresh herbs, the dressing only last for a couple of days.
9 tsp. white wine vinegar
11/2 tsp. honey
1/2 tsp. salt
1 cup canola oil
3 tsp. fresh chopped basil
3 tsp. minced fresh chive
Combine first 3 ingredients in a medium bowl, slowly add oil, stirring with a whisk and combined. Stir in basil and chives. Store, covered for up to 2 days.
Yield 1 cup. Serving size: 1 tsp.
8. Chile-Garlic vinaigrette
The heat of chile isn't in seeds, it's in the white membranes ( the fruit's placenta) that ho;d the seeds to the chile. when cut, those membranes spray the chemical defense onto their seeds. for less heat, cut the top and bottom of the chile, then stand in upright on your cup board. Slice down between the chile and the membranes, removing the green fresh without cutting into the membranes.
1 tsp. chopped Serrano chile
1/4 tsp. salt
6 garlic groves, crushed
1 can anchovy fillet
3 tsp. red wine vinegar
2 tsp. water
2 tsp. fresh lemon juice
11/2 tsp. extra-virgin olive oil
Combine first 4 ingredients in a mortar, mash tom paste with a pestle. Combine chile paste mixture, vinegar and remaining ingredients in a small bowl, stirring with a whisk. Stored, cover in refrigerator for up to 1 week. Yield 3/4 cup. Serving size: 1 tsp.
9. Versatile vinaigrette
Cornstarch, commonly used in a thickening agent gives the red wine vinaigrette body, so it can better coat a salad. Store any remaining vinaigrette in a sealed container in the refrigerator for up to I week
1 cup vegetable broth
2 tsp. cornstarch
2 tsp. red wine vinegar
1 tsp. extra-virgin olive oil
1 tsp. sugar
1 tsp. salt
1/8 tsp. freshly ground black pepper
Combine broth and cornstarch in a small saucepan, stirring with a whisk. Bring broth mixture to a boil over medium heat, cook 1 minute, stirring constantly. emove from heat and stir in remaining ingredients. Store, cover in refrigerator for up to1 week. Whisk before serving. Yield 1 cup. Serving size; 2 tsp.
10. Essential Lemon dressing
This's just something about that mix lemon juice and olive oil - so Mediterranean. so irresistible.
1 tsp. grated lemon rind
1 tsp. minced fresh dill or I tsp. dried dill
3 tsp. lemon juice
1/4 freshly ground black pepper
2 tsp. olive oil
Combine lemon rind and next 4 ingredients (through papper) in a medium lowl, stirring with a whisk. Slowly add olive oil in a thin stream. stirring constantly with a whisk until combined. Yield 4 servings. Serving size: 13/4 tsp.
C. 6 simple sauces for Chicken
1. White wine sauce
This classic sauce deserves a place in your repertoire, it takes everyday dishes up to a notch with a touch of elegance and lots of flavor, yet very little effort. Pair it with a sautéed chicken breast, a tilapia, or a pork loin. It's also good on pasta
Cooking spray
1/2 cup finely chopped onion
1/2 cup fat free lower-sodium chicken broth
1/4 cup dry white wine
2 tsp. white vinegar
2 tsp. butter
2 tsp. finely chopped fresh chives
Heat a skillet over a medium high heats. Coat pan with cooking spray. Add onion to pan: sauté 2 minutes. Stir in broth, wine and vinegar: bring to a broil. Cook until reduced to 1/4 cup ( about 5 minutes). Removed from heat: stir in butter and chives. Serve warm. Yield 6 tsp. Serving size: 11/2 tsp.
125 Chinese recipes with Bill Jones and Stephen Wong
*1. Egg drop soup with Minced Beef and Cilantro
6oz. lean ground beef
1/2 tsp. salt
2 tsp. soya sauce
1 tpsp. dry sherry or Chinese Shaoxing wine
2 tsp. minced ginger root
3tbsp. cornstarch divided
3 cups chicken stock
2 large eggs beaten
1 cup cilantro leaves, coarsely chopped
salt and fresh ground white pepper to taste
1. Ina small bowl, combine beef, salt, soya sauce, sherry, ginger root and 1tbsp of the cornstarch. Mix well and set aside to marinate for 20 minutes
In a large saucepan or soup pot, bring chicken stock to a boil. Add beef mixture, a little at a time, stirring to loosen the particles; cook for 2 minutes
Dissolve remaining cornstarch in 2tbsp. water; stir mixture into soup. Return to a boil; stirring until soup is slightly thicken. In a slow stream, pour egg into soup, stirring vigorously; cook until eggs are set, about 30 seconds. Stir in cilantro. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Serve immediately.
2. Asparagus ginger sesame cream soup
1 tbsp. vegetable oil
1 large onion, coarsely chopped
1 tbsp. minced ginger root
8 0z. asparagus trimmed and chopped
4 cups of chicken stock
1 cup of light(10%) cream
1 tbsp. lemon juice
1 tsp. sesame oil
salt and pepper to taste
2 tbsp. cornstarch dissolved in 4 tbsp. (610ml) water
Minced fresh herbs(chives, basil thyme, rosemary) to taste
1tbsp toasted sesame seeds
In a large saucepan, heat oil over medium-high heat for 30 seconds. Add onion and ginger root; cook until onion softens and begin to change color. Add asparagus and chicken stock; bring mixture to a boil. Reduce heat and simmer for 15 minutes or until the asparagus is cooked.
Removed saucepan from heat and allow to cool. Transfer mixture in batches to a blender or load processor and process until smooth
Pour soup through a strainer; pushing as much puree through the mesh as possible (use the back od a wooden spoon to squeeze out liquid). Return liquid to the saucepan, add cream and warm to a simmer. Add lemon juice, sesame oil, season with salt and pepper. Add dissolved cornstarch; bring soup top a boil, stirring constantly until thickened. garnish with herbs, asparagus cream (direction at below), if desired and toast sesame seeds.
For special finish garnish with asparagus cream. To make asparagus cream. Puree4 spears of cooked asparagus in food processor, then push through a strainer. Measure the puree and mix an equal amount of sour cream. Place a spoon of mixture in the center of each serving and sprinkle with toast sesame seeds.
3. curried tomato and Shellfish broth
6 scallops, thinly sliced
8 prawns, peeled and deveined
salt and freshly ground white pepper to taste
2 tsp. vegetable oil
1 small onion, sliced
1tbsp. curry powder, preferably madras
5 cups chicken stock
4 small tomatoes, seed and quartered
12 clams scrubbed
2 cups thinly sliced mustard green or sui choy (Napa cabbage)
salt and pepper to taste
season seafood with salt and pepper; set aside
In a large saucepan or soup pot, heat oil over medium heat for 30 seconds. Add onion and curry powder; sauté for 1 minute. Add chicken stock; bring to a boil. Add tomatoes and cook for 3 minutes. Add clam; cook until they open, about 2 - 5 minutes, depending on size. Skim off any impurities that rise to the top.
Add scallops, prawns and mustard green or cabbage; bring to a boil. Remove from heat. Season to taste with salt and pepper. Cover and allow to steep for 2 minutes. Serve immediately.
4. Mix vegetable herb broth with soft tofu
1 tbsp. butter
1/2 cup diced onion
1 cup diced carrots
5 cups chicken stock or vegetable stock
3 tbsp. white or red miso paste
1 cup frozen peas
1 cup frozen corn kernels
1 lb. soft tofu, cut into 1/2 inch (1 cm) cubes
2tbsp. chopped basil
2 tbsp. chopped parsley, preferably flat-leaf Italian variety
1 tbsp. chopped chives
Season salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste
In a large saucepan or soup pot, melt butter over medium heat. Add onion and carrots; sauté for 1 minute, Add stock and miso and bring to a boil. Add peas and corn kernel; cook for 2 minutes. Skim off any impurities that float to the top.
Gently stir tofu and herbs into the soup and return to a boil. season to taste with seasoned salt and pepper. Removed from heat and serve immediately.
Company's Coming Salads by Jean Pare
1. Cottage Green
Quick and easy. Nice combination
Cottage cheese 2 cups (500ml)
Shredded lecture, lightly packed 2 cups (500ml)
Crushed pineapple, drained 14 oz. (398 ml)
Salad dressing ( or mayonnaise) 2 tbsp. (30ml)
Combine cottage cheese lettuce and well drained pineapple in a bowl. Add salad dressing. Toss to mix well. Spoon into serving bowl. Serve 4
2. Lettuce egg toss
A superb addition way to serve lettuce. If ef are in good supply add other one ot two
Lettuce, solid medium head 1/2
Green onion, sliced (optional) 3-5
Hard broiled egg, cut up 2
salad dressing ( or mayonnaise) to coat
Tear or cut lettuce into bite size pieces. Add onion and egg. Add sald dressing. Toss and serve. Serve 6-8.
Egg mushroom toss
Add 1/2 to 1 cup (125 to 250 ml) sliced fresh mushroom before tossing
Lettuce cheese salad
Egg may be omitted if preferred. Add 1/2 to 1 cup (125 -250 ml) grated or diced Chedder cheese. Colorful, health, good!
3. No toss lettuce
Choose iceberg lettuce or Chinese cabbage
Tarragon dressing
Sour cream 1/2 cup (125ml)
Tarragon vinegar 1tbsp. (15ml)
granulated sugar 2 tsp. (10ml)
Onion salt 1/2 tsp. (2ml)
Paprika 1/2 tsp. (2ml)
Salad
Lettuce chunks or wedges 6
Sliced green onion or thinly sliced onion ring 1/2 cup (125 ml)
Tarragon Dressing: Combined all 5 ingredients in a small bowl. Mix well
Salad: Arrange lettuce chunk on small size salad plate. Scatter onions over top. Spoon dressing over top, and serve. Serve 6
Variation: spoon French or thousand Island dressing over lettuce wedges.
4. Carrot raisin salad
A lunch box winner
Grated carrot 2 cups (500 ml)
Raison (see note) 1/2 cup (125 ml)
Salad dressing ( or mayonnaise) 1/3 cup (75 ml)
Vinegar 1tbsp. 15 ml
Put all ingredients into a bowl. Toss to coat. Serve 6.
Note: If raisins are too dry. Covered in equal amount of water to 2 minutes. Let stand until cool. Drain. Pat dry with paper towel.
Variation: Add 1/2 cup (125 ml) chopped celery.
5. Fancy rice salad
Turn leftover rice into this yummy dish. Serve on lettuce with a roll
Cooked rice, cold 1 cup (250ml)
Crushed pineapple, drained4 oz. (398 ml)
Granulated sugar 1/4 cup (50ml)
Whipping cream ( or 1 envelope topping) 1 cup (250 ml)
Salad dressing ( or Mayonnaise) 1/4 cup (50ml)
Lettuce
Maraschino cherries
Combine rice, pineapple and sugar in a bowl. Stir
Beat cream until stiff. Beat in salad dressing. Fold into rice mixture.
Arrange lettuce on plates. Spoon salad in center. Top with a cherry. Serve 6.
6. Bean spout salad
A touch of the orient. Delicious.
Fresh bean sprouts 12 oz. (350g)
Slice green onion 1/4 cup (50 ml)
Cooking oil ( peanut or sesame id best) 2 tbsp. (30ml)
Soy sauce 2 tbsp. (30 ml)
Sesame seed, toasted ( see note) 2 tbsp. (30 ml)
Granulated sugar 1tbsp. (15 ml)
Vinegar 1tbsp. (15 ml)
Pimiento or red pepper strips 1/4 cup (50 ml)
Combine bean sprouts and onion in bowl.
In a small bowl, combine cooking oil, soy sauce, sesame seeds, sugar, vinegar and pimiento. Stir to mix. Pour over bean sprouts and onion, toss to coat. Serve 6.
Note: Toasted sesame seeds in 350 degree F (175 degree C) oven for about 5 minutes
until golden. Stir once or twice.
7. Cucumber in sour cream
A favorite that is one of easiest
Cucumber, medium size, with peel 3
salt 11/2 tsp. (7 ml)
Sour cream 1 cup (250 ml)
Dill weed 1/2 tsp. (2 ml)
Using a dinner fork, score clean cucumbers from top to bottom all around the outside. Slice thinly. Sprinkle with salt. Stir and allow to stand about 1/2 to 1 hour. Drain well.
Stir dour cream and dill weed together. Pour over cucumbers. Stir to cover all pieces. Serve. If time is short, stir salt into sour cream and dill. Combine with cucumber just before serving to prevent cream from becoming too thin to standing. Serve 12 to 15
Variation: Add 2 tbsp. (30ml) lemon juice. 2 tbsp. (30 ml) parsley and 2 tbsp. (30 ml) granulated sugar.
8. Marinated Onion Ring
These can be prepared days ahead. Just what you need for the barbecue feast. Perhaps you should double the recipe.
large Spanish onion, sliced in thin ring 1
Cold water to cover
Granulated sugar 1 cup (250 ml)
Vinegar 1 cup (250 ml)
Cold water 1 cup (250 ml)
Cooking oil 1tbsp. (15 ml)
Slice peeled onion into the thinnest slices you can. A food slicer makes this a snap to do. Separate into rings and place in a bowl. Cover with lots of water. Let stand for 1 hour.
In small saucepan mix sugar, vinegar, water and cooking oil. Heat and stir until sugar dissolves. Drain onion. Pour sugar-vinegar mixture over onion. Let stand in refrigerator. Covered for at least 1 day, before serving. Serve 8 to 10.
9. Weepy salad
This onion really do weep which helps moisten the whole salad
Head lettuce, In small chunks 1
Salad dressing ( or mayonnaise) 1/2 to 1 cup (125 to 250 ml)
Red onion ( or white), sliced very thinly 1
Granulated sugar 1tbsp. (15ml)
Cooked peas. fresh or frozen 11/2 cup (375 ml)
Swiss cheese, cut into strip 11/2 cup (375 ml)
Bacon sliced, cooked and crumbled 6
Place1/3 lettuce chunks in bottom of bowl. Spread a few spoons of salad dressing over top. Layer 1'3 onion slices over top. Sprinkle lightly with sugar, about 1 tsp. (5 ml). Sugar all the onion as this causes them eo weep. Put on 1/3 peas by cheese. Repeat layers twice. Cover and chill for 2 to 3 hours
Before serving, sprinkle bacon over top. Do not toss. Serve 12.
%10. Vegetable Marinade
This serves not only as a salad but also as an appetizer. Quantities are approximate and can be varied as can the vegetables.
Small cauliflower 1
Broccoli, flower ends 3 cups (750ml)
Cherry tomatoes 2 cups (500ml)
Celery, cut in sticks 2 cups (500ml)
Carrots, cut in sticks 3
Mushrooms, fresh or canned 2 cups (500ml)
green pepper, cut strips or rings 1
Italian dressing 1 cup (250 ml)
Divide cauliflower into bite size pieces. Do the same with broccoli leaving some stem. Add tomatoes whole. Add celery and carrots. Add mushroom and green pepper. Place into container with tight fitting cover. Pour Italian dressing over all. Put cover on. Shake to distribute dressing. Chill overnight turning container occasionally. Drain, Serve 12.
% 11. Sauerkraut salad
And there the similarly ends. Even if you don't like sauerkraut, you will love this tasty salad. very attractive.
Canned sauerkraut, drained 28oz. (796 ml)
Diced celery 1 cup (250ml)
Diced green pepper 1 cup (250ml)
Diced onion 1/4 cup (50ml)
Small jar pimentos, chopped 1
Granulated sugar 3/4 cup (175ml)
Salt 1/2 tsp. (2 ml)
Pepper 1/8 tsp. (0.5 ml)
Celery seed 1 tsp. (5ml)
Vinegar 3 tbsp. (50ml)
Rinse sauerkraut. Squeeze dry and chop. Put into large bowl.
Add rest of ingredients in order. Mix well. Let stand covered in refrigerator overnight before serving. Serve 10.
%12. Penny carrots
So versatile, this can be served cold as a salad or relish and also reserve hot. Try it hot over rice.
Carrots, sliced 1/2 inch (12mm) thick, cooked and drained 2 lbs. (1 kg)
Condensed tomato soup 10oz. (284ml)
Granulate sugar 1 cup (250ml)
Vinegar 3/4 cup (175ml)
Cooking oil 1/4 cup (50ml)
Prepared mustard 1tbsp. (15ml)
Medium onion, chopped 1
Green peppers, chopped 2
Combined soup with sugar in medium size saucepan. Add vinegar, oil, mustard, chopped onion and chopped peppers. bring to a boil, stirring frequently. pour over carrots. Chilled covered for 2 days. Serve 12.
%13. onion salad
One of the best creamy good extras to serve
Granulated sugar 1/2 cup (125ml)
Water 1/3 cup (75 ml)
Vinegar 1/3 cup (75ml)
Salt 11/2 tsp. (7 ml)
Spanish onion, sliced and cut up 4
salad dressing (mayonnaise) 1 cup (250ml)
celery seed 1tsp. (5ml)
Combined sugar, vinegar and salt in bowl. Stir sugar until dissolves. Add onion to vinegar mixture. let stand for 3 hours or overnight.
Combine salad dressing with celery seed. Drain onion well. Stir into salad dressing mixture. Serve 8 to 10.
variation. Use older vinegar instead of white.
%14. Green pea salad
Quick colorful and tasty.
Cooked peas, fresh or frozen 2 cup (500ml)
Cubed medium Cheddar cheese 1/2 cup (125ml)
Salad dressing ( or mayonnaise) 1- 4tbsp. (15-60ml)
Salt, sprinkle
Pepper sprinkle
Granulate sugar, sprinkle (optional, but good)
Combine peas and cheese in small bowl. Make sure peas are cold and well drained. Blot with papper to dry.
Start with a small amount of salad dressing. adding barely enough to coat. Mix in salt and pepper. Sprinkle with sugar to taste. Stir. Serve 4.
Variation: Add 1/2 cup (125ml) chopped celery. One slice green onion goes well too. Fresh sliced mushroom make it special.
%15. Orange onion salad
Seem an unlikely combination but it is delicious
Large purple onion, sliced 1
Cold water to cover
Large orange, peeled and sliced 2
Cooking oil 1/4 cup (50ml)
Lemon juice 1tbsp. (15ml)
Salt 1/4 tsp. ( 1ml)
Oregano 1/4 tsp. (.05ml)
Lettuce leaves 4 -8
Ripe black olives, sliced (optional) 4
Slice onion thickly. Soaks in cold water 1/2 hour. Drain. peel organs. Sliced crosswise into thin slices. Try for 8 onion slices and 12 orange slices.
Mix cooking oil, lemon juice, salad and oregano. Add onion and orange slices. Marinate 15 minutes.
Put lettuce leaves onto 4 salad plates. Arrange 3 orange and 3 onion slices on top of each. Spoon a bit of marinate over top. Scatter olives over all. Serve 4.
Artichoke salad. Add 14 oz. (398ml) can of drained artichoke. hearts. Toss.
%16. Coleslaw forever
With this in the refrigerator you will never be caught without a salad. Keeps and keeps and keeps.
Large cabbage, shredded 1
Medium carrots, grated 2
Medium onion, grated 1
Vinegar 3/4 cup (175ml)
Cooking oil 1/2 cup (125ml)
Granulated sugar 11/2 cups (350ml)
Salt 1 tbsp. (15ml)
celery seed 1 tbsp. (15ml)
Combined cabbage, carrot and onion in large bowl.
Measure vinegar, cooking oil, sugar, salt and celery seed into large saucepan. bring to a boil, stirring frequently. Pour hot over cabbage mixture. Stir to mix, pressing down until vegetables wilt and are covered with brine. Cool. Store in covered container in refrigerator. let stand 1 or 2 days before eating. Keeps for weeks and weeks. Darkens a bits with age. Serve 15.
%17 Cottage cheese salad
An easy mix of dairy and fresh garden produce.
Lettuce cups
Cottage cheese 2 cups (500ml)
Chopped radishes 1/4 cup (50ml)
Sliced green onions and chives 2 tbsp. (30ml)
Salad dressing ( or mayonnaise) 2 tbsp. (30ml)
salt 1 tsp. (5ml)
Pepper 1/8 tsp. (0.5 ml)
Paprika, sprinkle
Arrange lettuce cups on one large or several small plates. A bowl may be used
Combine cottage cheese, radishes, onion, salad dressing, salt and pepper. Spoon into lettuce cups or bowl.
Sprinkle with paprika. Serve 4 -6.
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Wednesday, May 21, 2014
Tuesday, May 20, 2014
Herbal Chamomile
Chamomile is also known as camomile, common name of many species daisy-like plants in the family Asteraceae. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory constituents and to treat menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce cramping and spastic pain in the bowels, relieve excessive gas and bloating in the intestine, etc.
Ingredients
Guaianolides matricarin and achillin, acetoxyachillin and leucodin (= desacetoxymatricarin), corresponding C-11 stereoisomers(a),(Z)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (cis-GMCA), chlorogenic acid, (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (trans-GMCA), quercetagetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, chamaemeloside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside), apigenin] and one polyacetylene (tonghaosu)(b).
1. Chamomile and anti inflammatory effect
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
In the study at Case Western Reserve University, showed its potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms, through inhibited NO production and iNOS gene expression via inhibiting RelA/p65 activation(1). The study of whether chamomile interferes with the COX-2 pathway, showed a positive effect of the herb in inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity and causation of reduction in LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression(2),
The study of supplement containing 2 flavonoids (>95% pure), luteolin (100 mg/capsule, from chamomile) and quercetin (70 mg/capsule), and the quercetin glycoside rutin (30 mg/capsule) from the Sophora japonica leaf, formulated in olive kernel oil to increase oral absorption, suggested that that the combination of the flavonoids luteolin and quercetin seemed to be effective in reducing ASD symptoms, with no major adverse effects through it anti inflammatory activities(3)
References
(1) Chamomile: an anti-inflammatory agent inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by blocking RelA/p65 activity by Bhaskaran N1, Shukla S, Srivastava JK, Gupta S.(PubMed)
(2) Chamomile, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity by Srivastava JK1, Pandey M, Gupta S.(PubMed)
(3) An open-label pilot study of a formulation containing the anti-inflammatory flavonoid luteolin and its effects on behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders by Taliou A1, Zintzaras E, Lykouras L, Francis K.(PubMed)
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2. Chamomile and dermatitis
Dermatitis or eczema, is defined as a condition of inflammation of skin including itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping, and crusting patches.
The use of chamomile oil in folk medicine for treatment of skin disorder may have found to be effect in modern medicine, according to Howon University, application of German chamomile oil to alleviating atopic dermatitis, such as reduced serum IgG1 level and significantly lower serum histamine level through influencing of Th2 cell activation(1).
Dr Dohil MA. in the study of herbal effects on in atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin disease, indicated there may be a positive effect of herbal medicine, including chamomile through the present recent multicenter and international clinical studies that support their efficacy and safety profile for a variety of inflammatory skin conditions(2). and herbs containing anti inflammatory activity such as chamomile may be particularly well suited as alternatives to pharmacologic therapies in chronic conditions for which long-term use is required,(3), Dr. Wu J. said.
Although, German chamomile may be effective for treatment of skin disorder, but it was found to allergic effect in some patients in external use of chamomile tea or use of chamomile-containing topical herbal remedies, due to its chemical constituent herniarin(4)
References
(1) Effect of German chamomile oil application on alleviating atopic dermatitis-like immune alterations in mice.by Lee SH1, Heo Y, Kim YC.(PubMed)
(2) Natural ingredients in atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin disease.
4. Chamomile and insomnia
Insomnia is a sign and symptom of sleep disorder and defined as a condition in which a person has a difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep or sleep of poor quality that can lead to substantial impairments in the quality of life and functional capacity of an individual. Most adults have experienced insomnia sometimes in their life. According to statistic, more than 30% of the population suffers from insomnia, one in three people suffer from some form of insomnia during their lifetime and women suffer from insomnia more often than men.
Chamomile, one of most popular herb used for sleep disorders in herbal medicine. According to the Dr. Srivastava JK and research team at the Case Western Reserve University, many different preparations of the herb have been developed, the most popular of which is in the form of herbal tea consumed more than one million cups per day(1).
In a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia study, in adults with chronic primary insomnia, the herb showed a modest benefits of daytime functioning and mixed benefits on sleep diary(2). According to DR. Wheatley D., the anxiolytic or sedative properties of chamomile chamomile, Ylang-Ylang) would appear to improve sleep, but how practical a form of treatment this may be remains to be determined(3).But in the assessing the benefits of chamomile in sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep quality, and number of awakenings, researchers at the1University of Michigan, indicated that it may be the modest advantage on daytime functioning, but did not reach statistical significance(4).
References
(1) Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future by Srivastava JK1, Shankar E, Gupta S.(PubMed)(2) Preliminary examination of the efficacy and safety of a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study by Zick SM1, Wright BD, Sen A, Arnedt JT.(PubMed)
(3) Medicinal plants for insomnia: a review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. by Wheatley D.(PubMed)
(4) Preliminary examination of the efficacy and safety of a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study by Zick SM1, Wright BD, Sen A, Arnedt JT.(PubMed)
5. Chamomile and cancer
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
According to the study by Dr. Srivastava JK and Dr.Gupta S. in cancer cells, chamomile extract showed to induce minimal growth inhibitory responses in normal cells, but significant decrease in cell viability was observed in various human cancer cell lines, through exhibition of its antiproliferative and apoptotic activities(1). The Harokopio University, study also indicated the effectiveness of chamomile in inhibition of epithelial colon cancer (HT29) cell line probably through regulation of regulate nuclear factor-kappa B(2). The testing of biological activity of 20 essential oils (EOs) from herbal plants for theirs effectiveness in numbers of cancer cell line, including human colon carcinoma, (HCT116), rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, according to Kobe Gakuin University, chamomile showed a significant effects on both cancer cell growth and mast cell degranulation(3).
References
(1) Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of chamomile extract in various human cancer cells.
6. Chamomile and skin cancer
Basal cell cancer is the most common type of skin cancer as a result of abnormal growth of the cells in the lowest layer of the epidermis. The cancer rarely spread and kill but can cause significant destruction and disfigurement to the affected skin area and accounted for more than 90% of all skin cancer in the U.S.
According to statistic, skin cancers accounted for approximately 40% of all cancers reported in the United States and approximately 9,500 deaths per year. Herbal chamomile showed to inhibited skin cancer cell lines through its antioxidant effects via inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) type free radicals probably via downregulation of H2O2-generated free radicals in human skin fibroblasts (1). Apigenin , a chemical constituent of flavonoid found in chamomile, with 10 mumoles apigenin in 200 microliters DMSO:acetone (1:9) prior to each UVB exposure showed a promised resulted in reduction in cancer incidence (52% inhibition), through absorbing ultraviolet light or decreasing DNA damage(2). In support of the above, the National Taiwan University, indicated that a effectiveness of apigenin, in suppression of 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-(TPA)-mediated tumor promotion of mouse skin, through vary mechanisms(3).
References
(1) The active natural anti-oxidant properties of chamomile, milk thistle, and halophilic bacterial components in human skin in vitro by Mamalis A1, Nguyen DH, Brody N, Jagdeo J.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of ultraviolet light induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice by apigenin, a plant flavonoid by Birt DF1, Mitchell D, Gold B, Pour P, Pinch HC.(PubMed)
(3) Suppression of protein kinase C and nuclear oncogene expression as possible molecular mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by apigenin and curcumin by Lin JK1, Chen YC, Huang YT, Lin-Shiau SY.(PubMed)
7. Chamomile and Neuroprotective effect
The evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of German chamomile against aluminium fluoride (AlF₄⁻)-induced oxidative stress in rats. showed a neuroprotective effect of herbal chamomile, through significantly decreased in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increased in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total thiol levels in extract-treated animals(1). The Hanagal Shri Kumareshawr College of Pharmacy study, in support of the above, showed the same effectiveness of the herb also through same mechanisms in extract treated groups but this time in global model of ischemia in rats(2)
References
(1) Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita against fluoride-induced stress in rats by Ranpariya VL1, Parmar SK, Sheth NR, Chandrashekhar VM.(PubMed)
(2) Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita Linn against global model of ischemia in rats vy Chandrashekhar VM1, Ranpariya VL, Ganapaty S, Parashar A, Muchandi AA(PubMed)
8. Chamomile and hepoprotective effect
Chamomilla recutita flavonoids (chamiloflan) showed to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through induced decrease of ceramide levels in the liver of old rats, according to the Kharkov Karazin National University(1). Flavonoids of German chamomile also exhibited the hepatoprotective effect, through affect sphingolipid metabolism and reduce the elevated ceramide level in the aged liver by normalized activities of key enzymes of sphingolipid turnover (neutral SMase and ceramidase) and ceramide contents in the damaged liver and liver cells, and stabilized the hepatocyte membranes.(2)
References
(1) Effects of Chamomilla recutita flavonoids on age-related liver sphingolipid turnover in rats.
9. Herbal chamomile and anxiety disorder
According to the Canadian mental health association, Anxiety disordered is a result of a combination of biological, psychological, and other individual factors(1a).
Anxiety is the most commonly reported psychiatric conditions and frequently occur as comorbid disorders.
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and tolerability trial of Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) showed to effective of modest anxiolytic activity with patient mild to moderate GAD(1). The University of Ottawa study insisted at Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) and Humulus lupulus (hops) showed significant inhibition of GAD activity at doses of 0.11-0.65 mg/mL(2). The study containing 57 participants in the 2009 trial, 19 had anxiety with comorbid depression; 16 had anxiety with a past history of depression; and 22 had anxiety with no current or past depression, chamomile showed a clinically meaningful antidepressant activity to its previously observed anxiolytic activity(3). Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, in in mice study, exerted its anxiolytic and slight sedative effects through the central benzodiazepine receptors(4).
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References
(a) Guaianolides and volatile compounds in chamomile tea by Tschiggerl C1, Bucar F.(PubMed)
(b) Quantitative determination of phenolic compounds by UHPLC-UV-MS and use of partial least-square discriminant analysis to differentiate chemo-types of Chamomile/Chrysanthemum flower heads by Avula B1, Wang YH, Wang M, Avonto C, Zhao J, Smillie TJ, Rua D, Khan IA.(PubMed)
(1a) Anxiety disorder(Canadian mental health association)
(1) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder by Amsterdam JD1, Li Y, Soeller I, Rockwell K, Mao JJ, Shults J.(PubMed)
(2) Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system by Awad R1, Levac D, Cybulska P, Merali Z, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT.(PubMed)
(3) Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) may provide antidepressant activity in anxious, depressed humans: an exploratory study by Amsterdam JD1, Shults J, Soeller I, Mao JJ, Rockwell K, Newberg AB.(PubMed)
(4) Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects by Viola H1, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, Wolfman C, Silveira R, Dajas F, Medina JH, Paladini AC.(PubMed)
Ingredients
Guaianolides matricarin and achillin, acetoxyachillin and leucodin (= desacetoxymatricarin), corresponding C-11 stereoisomers(a),(Z)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (cis-GMCA), chlorogenic acid, (E)-2-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid (trans-GMCA), quercetagetin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucoside, chamaemeloside, apigenin 7-O-(6″-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside), apigenin] and one polyacetylene (tonghaosu)(b).
1. Chamomile and anti inflammatory effect
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
In the study at Case Western Reserve University, showed its potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms, through inhibited NO production and iNOS gene expression via inhibiting RelA/p65 activation(1). The study of whether chamomile interferes with the COX-2 pathway, showed a positive effect of the herb in inhibition of COX-2 enzyme activity and causation of reduction in LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA and protein expression(2),
The study of supplement containing 2 flavonoids (>95% pure), luteolin (100 mg/capsule, from chamomile) and quercetin (70 mg/capsule), and the quercetin glycoside rutin (30 mg/capsule) from the Sophora japonica leaf, formulated in olive kernel oil to increase oral absorption, suggested that that the combination of the flavonoids luteolin and quercetin seemed to be effective in reducing ASD symptoms, with no major adverse effects through it anti inflammatory activities(3)
References
(1) Chamomile: an anti-inflammatory agent inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by blocking RelA/p65 activity by Bhaskaran N1, Shukla S, Srivastava JK, Gupta S.(PubMed)
(2) Chamomile, a novel and selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory activity by Srivastava JK1, Pandey M, Gupta S.(PubMed)
(3) An open-label pilot study of a formulation containing the anti-inflammatory flavonoid luteolin and its effects on behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders by Taliou A1, Zintzaras E, Lykouras L, Francis K.(PubMed)
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Optimal Health And Loose Weight
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2. Chamomile and dermatitis
Dermatitis or eczema, is defined as a condition of inflammation of skin including itchy, erythematous, vesicular, weeping, and crusting patches.
The use of chamomile oil in folk medicine for treatment of skin disorder may have found to be effect in modern medicine, according to Howon University, application of German chamomile oil to alleviating atopic dermatitis, such as reduced serum IgG1 level and significantly lower serum histamine level through influencing of Th2 cell activation(1).
Dr Dohil MA. in the study of herbal effects on in atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin disease, indicated there may be a positive effect of herbal medicine, including chamomile through the present recent multicenter and international clinical studies that support their efficacy and safety profile for a variety of inflammatory skin conditions(2). and herbs containing anti inflammatory activity such as chamomile may be particularly well suited as alternatives to pharmacologic therapies in chronic conditions for which long-term use is required,(3), Dr. Wu J. said.
Although, German chamomile may be effective for treatment of skin disorder, but it was found to allergic effect in some patients in external use of chamomile tea or use of chamomile-containing topical herbal remedies, due to its chemical constituent herniarin(4)
References
(1) Effect of German chamomile oil application on alleviating atopic dermatitis-like immune alterations in mice.by Lee SH1, Heo Y, Kim YC.(PubMed)
(2) Natural ingredients in atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory skin disease.
Dohil MA.(PubMed)
(3) Anti-inflammatory ingredients by Wu J.(PubMed)
(4) The coumarin herniarin as a sensitizer in German chamomile [Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert, Compositae] by Paulsen E1, Otkjaer A, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
4. Chamomile and insomnia
Insomnia is a sign and symptom of sleep disorder and defined as a condition in which a person has a difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep or sleep of poor quality that can lead to substantial impairments in the quality of life and functional capacity of an individual. Most adults have experienced insomnia sometimes in their life. According to statistic, more than 30% of the population suffers from insomnia, one in three people suffer from some form of insomnia during their lifetime and women suffer from insomnia more often than men.
Chamomile, one of most popular herb used for sleep disorders in herbal medicine. According to the Dr. Srivastava JK and research team at the Case Western Reserve University, many different preparations of the herb have been developed, the most popular of which is in the form of herbal tea consumed more than one million cups per day(1).
In a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia study, in adults with chronic primary insomnia, the herb showed a modest benefits of daytime functioning and mixed benefits on sleep diary(2). According to DR. Wheatley D., the anxiolytic or sedative properties of chamomile chamomile, Ylang-Ylang) would appear to improve sleep, but how practical a form of treatment this may be remains to be determined(3).But in the assessing the benefits of chamomile in sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency, sleep latency, wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep quality, and number of awakenings, researchers at the1University of Michigan, indicated that it may be the modest advantage on daytime functioning, but did not reach statistical significance(4).
References
(1) Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with bright future by Srivastava JK1, Shankar E, Gupta S.(PubMed)(2) Preliminary examination of the efficacy and safety of a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study by Zick SM1, Wright BD, Sen A, Arnedt JT.(PubMed)
(3) Medicinal plants for insomnia: a review of their pharmacology, efficacy and tolerability. by Wheatley D.(PubMed)
(4) Preliminary examination of the efficacy and safety of a standardized chamomile extract for chronic primary insomnia: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study by Zick SM1, Wright BD, Sen A, Arnedt JT.(PubMed)
5. Chamomile and cancer
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
According to the study by Dr. Srivastava JK and Dr.Gupta S. in cancer cells, chamomile extract showed to induce minimal growth inhibitory responses in normal cells, but significant decrease in cell viability was observed in various human cancer cell lines, through exhibition of its antiproliferative and apoptotic activities(1). The Harokopio University, study also indicated the effectiveness of chamomile in inhibition of epithelial colon cancer (HT29) cell line probably through regulation of regulate nuclear factor-kappa B(2). The testing of biological activity of 20 essential oils (EOs) from herbal plants for theirs effectiveness in numbers of cancer cell line, including human colon carcinoma, (HCT116), rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells, according to Kobe Gakuin University, chamomile showed a significant effects on both cancer cell growth and mast cell degranulation(3).
References
(1) Antiproliferative and apoptotic effects of chamomile extract in various human cancer cells.
Srivastava JK1, Gupta S.(PubMed)
(2) Herbal infusions; their phenolic profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in HT29 and PC3 cells by Kogiannou DA1, Kalogeropoulos N, Kefalas P, Polissiou MG, Kaliora AC.(PubMed)
(3) Effects of essential oils from herbal plants and citrus fruits on DNA polymerase inhibitory, cancer cell growth inhibitory, antiallergic, and antioxidant activities by Mitoshi M1, Kuriyama I, Nakayama H, Miyazato H, Sugimoto K, Kobayashi Y, Jippo T, Kanazawa K, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y.(PubMed)
Basal cell cancer is the most common type of skin cancer as a result of abnormal growth of the cells in the lowest layer of the epidermis. The cancer rarely spread and kill but can cause significant destruction and disfigurement to the affected skin area and accounted for more than 90% of all skin cancer in the U.S.
According to statistic, skin cancers accounted for approximately 40% of all cancers reported in the United States and approximately 9,500 deaths per year. Herbal chamomile showed to inhibited skin cancer cell lines through its antioxidant effects via inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) type free radicals probably via downregulation of H2O2-generated free radicals in human skin fibroblasts (1). Apigenin , a chemical constituent of flavonoid found in chamomile, with 10 mumoles apigenin in 200 microliters DMSO:acetone (1:9) prior to each UVB exposure showed a promised resulted in reduction in cancer incidence (52% inhibition), through absorbing ultraviolet light or decreasing DNA damage(2). In support of the above, the National Taiwan University, indicated that a effectiveness of apigenin, in suppression of 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate-(TPA)-mediated tumor promotion of mouse skin, through vary mechanisms(3).
References
(1) The active natural anti-oxidant properties of chamomile, milk thistle, and halophilic bacterial components in human skin in vitro by Mamalis A1, Nguyen DH, Brody N, Jagdeo J.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of ultraviolet light induced skin carcinogenesis in SKH-1 mice by apigenin, a plant flavonoid by Birt DF1, Mitchell D, Gold B, Pour P, Pinch HC.(PubMed)
(3) Suppression of protein kinase C and nuclear oncogene expression as possible molecular mechanisms of cancer chemoprevention by apigenin and curcumin by Lin JK1, Chen YC, Huang YT, Lin-Shiau SY.(PubMed)
7. Chamomile and Neuroprotective effect
The evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of German chamomile against aluminium fluoride (AlF₄⁻)-induced oxidative stress in rats. showed a neuroprotective effect of herbal chamomile, through significantly decreased in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and increased in the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and total thiol levels in extract-treated animals(1). The Hanagal Shri Kumareshawr College of Pharmacy study, in support of the above, showed the same effectiveness of the herb also through same mechanisms in extract treated groups but this time in global model of ischemia in rats(2)
References
(1) Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita against fluoride-induced stress in rats by Ranpariya VL1, Parmar SK, Sheth NR, Chandrashekhar VM.(PubMed)
(2) Neuroprotective activity of Matricaria recutita Linn against global model of ischemia in rats vy Chandrashekhar VM1, Ranpariya VL, Ganapaty S, Parashar A, Muchandi AA(PubMed)
8. Chamomile and hepoprotective effect
Chamomilla recutita flavonoids (chamiloflan) showed to exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through induced decrease of ceramide levels in the liver of old rats, according to the Kharkov Karazin National University(1). Flavonoids of German chamomile also exhibited the hepatoprotective effect, through affect sphingolipid metabolism and reduce the elevated ceramide level in the aged liver by normalized activities of key enzymes of sphingolipid turnover (neutral SMase and ceramidase) and ceramide contents in the damaged liver and liver cells, and stabilized the hepatocyte membranes.(2)
References
(1) Effects of Chamomilla recutita flavonoids on age-related liver sphingolipid turnover in rats.
Babenko NA1, Shakhova EG.(PubMed)
(2) Effects of flavonoids on sphingolipid turnover in the toxin-damaged liver and liver cells by Babenko NA1, Shakhova EG.(PubMed)
According to the Canadian mental health association, Anxiety disordered is a result of a combination of biological, psychological, and other individual factors(1a).
Anxiety is the most commonly reported psychiatric conditions and frequently occur as comorbid disorders.
In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy and tolerability trial of Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) showed to effective of modest anxiolytic activity with patient mild to moderate GAD(1). The University of Ottawa study insisted at Matricaria recutita (German chamomile) and Humulus lupulus (hops) showed significant inhibition of GAD activity at doses of 0.11-0.65 mg/mL(2). The study containing 57 participants in the 2009 trial, 19 had anxiety with comorbid depression; 16 had anxiety with a past history of depression; and 22 had anxiety with no current or past depression, chamomile showed a clinically meaningful antidepressant activity to its previously observed anxiolytic activity(3). Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, in in mice study, exerted its anxiolytic and slight sedative effects through the central benzodiazepine receptors(4).
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Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 100 healthy recipes, http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page_17.html
References
(a) Guaianolides and volatile compounds in chamomile tea by Tschiggerl C1, Bucar F.(PubMed)
(b) Quantitative determination of phenolic compounds by UHPLC-UV-MS and use of partial least-square discriminant analysis to differentiate chemo-types of Chamomile/Chrysanthemum flower heads by Avula B1, Wang YH, Wang M, Avonto C, Zhao J, Smillie TJ, Rua D, Khan IA.(PubMed)
(1a) Anxiety disorder(Canadian mental health association)
(1) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder by Amsterdam JD1, Li Y, Soeller I, Rockwell K, Mao JJ, Shults J.(PubMed)
(2) Effects of traditionally used anxiolytic botanicals on enzymes of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system by Awad R1, Levac D, Cybulska P, Merali Z, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT.(PubMed)
(3) Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) may provide antidepressant activity in anxious, depressed humans: an exploratory study by Amsterdam JD1, Shults J, Soeller I, Mao JJ, Rockwell K, Newberg AB.(PubMed)
(4) Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolytic effects by Viola H1, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, Wolfman C, Silveira R, Dajas F, Medina JH, Paladini AC.(PubMed)
Saturday, May 17, 2014
Cinnamon and Alzheimer's Diseases
Adding spicy cinnamon into your diet may reduce risk of Alzheimer's Diseases, new study suggested. although, it is best known for its anti diabetic effect, cinnamon has also consisted certain chemical constituents associated to prevent Insulin resistance causes of complication such as obesity(1) and neurodiseases(2).
The herb has been use in folk medicine as anti-fungal and bacteria level to improve reproductive organ, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.(3).
Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder correlated with major reductions of neurons to the respective target areas, named after German physician Alois Alzheimer. Alzheimer's destroys brain cells, causing cognitive modalities severe enough to affect language communication, memory, lifelong hobbies or social life. Alzheimer's gets worse over time, and it is fatal.
According to statistic, over 25 million people in the world today are affected by dementia and most are suffering from Alzheimer's disease. It may be a result of cigarette smoking, midlife high blood pressure and obesity, diabetes, and cerebrovascular lesions and psychosocial factors (high education, active social engagement, physical exercise, and mentally stimulating activity)(10)
In insulin residence Winstar male rats induced by high fat/high fructose (HF/HFr), Cinnamon (CN) showed to alleviate the increases in mRNA associated with Alzheimers such as PTEN, Tau and amyloid precursor protein, through its neuroprotective associated with improved whole body insulin sensitivity and related changes in the brain.(4). its aqueous extract also found to have the ability to inhibit tau aggregation in vitro and even induce dissociation of tangles isolated from AD brain, as well as sequestering highly reactive and toxic byproducts of oxidation, through protect tau from abnormal modifications, according to the University of California(5).
In cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease animal models, caused by accumulation of soluble oligomeric assemblies of β-amyloid polypeptide (Aβ), oral administration of cinnamon extract (CEppt), enhanced the decrease ofAβ oligomers, reduction of plaques and improvement in cognitive behavior(6).
Some researchers suggested that may be used as amyloid-beta aggregation blockers as a few approved drugs available to treat Alzheimer disease(9) due to many potential drugs in the pipeline for the disease and other amyloid-associated illnesses may not be as promising as thought, according to the scientist(8).
Taken altogether, cinnamon and its extract may have a protective effect in reduced risk and for treatment of Alzheimer's Diseases, through reduction of the complication causes by metabolic symdrome such as obesity and diabetes. According to DR. Georgakopoulou EA(7), Oral intake of Cinnamon may cause Stomatitis, and burning sensation in mouth with large amount. The traditional Chinese medicine also insisted that Overdoses of cinnamon can be toxic and damaged to liver(1)(7).
Natural Remedies for Dementia Memory Loss ReversalGuarantee to Stop Progression and Reverse Memory Loss in Alzheimer and Dementia with step by step instructions through Scientific Studies within 2 Months or your Money back
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 100 healthy recipes, http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page_17.html
References
(1) Cinnamon extract improves insulin sensitivity in the brain and lowers liver fat in mouse models of obesity by Sartorius T1, Peter A2, Schulz N3, Drescher A2, Bergheim I4, Machann J5, Schick F6, Siegel-Axel D2, Schürmann A3, Weigert C1, Häring HU1, Hennige AM(PubMed)
(2) Neurochemical and behavioral effects of Cinnamomi cassiae (Lauraceae) bark aqueous extract in obese rats by Bano F1, Ikram H2, Akhtar N3.(PubMed)
(3) @Popular Herbs -Cinnamon
(4) Cinnamon counteracts the negative effects of a high fat/high fructose diet on behavior, brain insulin signaling and Alzheimer-associated changes by Anderson RA1, Qin B2, Canini F3, Poulet L4, Roussel AM(PubMed)
(5) Interaction of cinnamaldehyde and epicatechin with tau: implications of beneficial effects in modulating Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by George RC1, Lew J, Graves DJ.(PubMed)
(6) Orally administrated cinnamon extract reduces β-amyloid oligomerization and corrects cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease animal models by Frydman-Marom A1, Levin A, Farfara D, Benromano T, Scherzer-Attali R, Peled S, Vassar R, Segal D, Gazit E, Frenkel D, Ovadia M.(PubMed)
(7) Alzheimer's disease drug discovery from herbs: neuroprotectivity from beta-amyloid (1-42) insult by Kim DS1, Kim JY, Han YS.(PubMed)
(8) Amyloid blockers may be a dead end(The scientist)
(9) Simple in vitro assays to identify amyloid-beta aggregation blockers for Alzheimer's disease therapy by Guo JP1, Yu S, McGeer PL.(PubMed)
(10) Alzheimer's disease in Foods Points of View(General health)
The herb has been use in folk medicine as anti-fungal and bacteria level to improve reproductive organ, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.(3).
Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder correlated with major reductions of neurons to the respective target areas, named after German physician Alois Alzheimer. Alzheimer's destroys brain cells, causing cognitive modalities severe enough to affect language communication, memory, lifelong hobbies or social life. Alzheimer's gets worse over time, and it is fatal.
According to statistic, over 25 million people in the world today are affected by dementia and most are suffering from Alzheimer's disease. It may be a result of cigarette smoking, midlife high blood pressure and obesity, diabetes, and cerebrovascular lesions and psychosocial factors (high education, active social engagement, physical exercise, and mentally stimulating activity)(10)
In insulin residence Winstar male rats induced by high fat/high fructose (HF/HFr), Cinnamon (CN) showed to alleviate the increases in mRNA associated with Alzheimers such as PTEN, Tau and amyloid precursor protein, through its neuroprotective associated with improved whole body insulin sensitivity and related changes in the brain.(4). its aqueous extract also found to have the ability to inhibit tau aggregation in vitro and even induce dissociation of tangles isolated from AD brain, as well as sequestering highly reactive and toxic byproducts of oxidation, through protect tau from abnormal modifications, according to the University of California(5).
In cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease animal models, caused by accumulation of soluble oligomeric assemblies of β-amyloid polypeptide (Aβ), oral administration of cinnamon extract (CEppt), enhanced the decrease ofAβ oligomers, reduction of plaques and improvement in cognitive behavior(6).
Some researchers suggested that may be used as amyloid-beta aggregation blockers as a few approved drugs available to treat Alzheimer disease(9) due to many potential drugs in the pipeline for the disease and other amyloid-associated illnesses may not be as promising as thought, according to the scientist(8).
Taken altogether, cinnamon and its extract may have a protective effect in reduced risk and for treatment of Alzheimer's Diseases, through reduction of the complication causes by metabolic symdrome such as obesity and diabetes. According to DR. Georgakopoulou EA(7), Oral intake of Cinnamon may cause Stomatitis, and burning sensation in mouth with large amount. The traditional Chinese medicine also insisted that Overdoses of cinnamon can be toxic and damaged to liver(1)(7).
Natural Remedies for Dementia Memory Loss ReversalGuarantee to Stop Progression and Reverse Memory Loss in Alzheimer and Dementia with step by step instructions through Scientific Studies within 2 Months or your Money back
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 100 healthy recipes, http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page_17.html
References
(1) Cinnamon extract improves insulin sensitivity in the brain and lowers liver fat in mouse models of obesity by Sartorius T1, Peter A2, Schulz N3, Drescher A2, Bergheim I4, Machann J5, Schick F6, Siegel-Axel D2, Schürmann A3, Weigert C1, Häring HU1, Hennige AM(PubMed)
(2) Neurochemical and behavioral effects of Cinnamomi cassiae (Lauraceae) bark aqueous extract in obese rats by Bano F1, Ikram H2, Akhtar N3.(PubMed)
(3) @Popular Herbs -Cinnamon
(4) Cinnamon counteracts the negative effects of a high fat/high fructose diet on behavior, brain insulin signaling and Alzheimer-associated changes by Anderson RA1, Qin B2, Canini F3, Poulet L4, Roussel AM(PubMed)
(5) Interaction of cinnamaldehyde and epicatechin with tau: implications of beneficial effects in modulating Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by George RC1, Lew J, Graves DJ.(PubMed)
(6) Orally administrated cinnamon extract reduces β-amyloid oligomerization and corrects cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease animal models by Frydman-Marom A1, Levin A, Farfara D, Benromano T, Scherzer-Attali R, Peled S, Vassar R, Segal D, Gazit E, Frenkel D, Ovadia M.(PubMed)
(7) Alzheimer's disease drug discovery from herbs: neuroprotectivity from beta-amyloid (1-42) insult by Kim DS1, Kim JY, Han YS.(PubMed)
(8) Amyloid blockers may be a dead end(The scientist)
(9) Simple in vitro assays to identify amyloid-beta aggregation blockers for Alzheimer's disease therapy by Guo JP1, Yu S, McGeer PL.(PubMed)
(10) Alzheimer's disease in Foods Points of View(General health)
Friday, May 16, 2014
Food therapy - Avocado
Avocados are a commercially valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B(a).
1. Avocado and leukemia
Hass avocados, the most common commercial avocado cultivars in the world, not only support the cardiovascular health also process the properties in maintaining healthy weight and healthy aging(1).
Endocarp, seed, whole seed, and leaf (0.1 mg/mL) extracts showed to inhibit leukemic cell profileration through an oxidative stress mechanism, according to the University of Antioquia(2)
References
(a) Leung's Encyclopedia of Natural Ingredients:Chemical Composition of Avocado
(1) Hass avocado composition and potential health effects by Dreher ML1, Davenport AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Pro-apoptotic effect of Persea americana var. Hass (avocado) on Jurkat lymphoblastic leukemia cells by Bonilla-Porras AR1, Salazar-Ospina A, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Pereañez-Jimenez A, Velez-Pardo C.(PubMed)
(3)
2. Avocado and Cholesterol
Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place.
Avocado may be one of best fruit used to reduced the accumulation of bad cholesterol in the blood, as it process body fat lowering capacity. The fruit was also found to reduced risk of metabolic syndrome(1), including obesity(2) and cardiovascular diseases(3) According to Dr. Monika P, and Dr. Geetha A., hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of P. americana (HAEPA) in a a period of 14 weeks rat study, showed a significantly decreased body mass index (BMI), total fat pad mass and adiposity index. Levels of reduced glutathione, adiponectin, mRNA expression of adiponectin were significant lower in rat in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD)(4). The study of the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats, Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract enhanced the HAEPA exhibition of hypolipidemic activity probably by increasing the mRNA, which is RNA messenger expression of adiponectin, a protein with function in regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. and PPAR-γ, a protein with function in regulation of cellular metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis, which reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia and obesity(5). In support od the view of above, researchers at the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, suggested that consumption of 200 g/d of avocado within an energy-restricted diet does not compromise weight loss when substituted for 30 g of mixed dietary fat. Serum lipid concentrations, plasma fibrinogen, arterial compliance, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were not affected by weight loss or avocado intake(6).
References
(1) Avocado consumption is associated with better diet quality and nutrient intake, and lower metabolic syndrome risk in US adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008 by Fulgoni VL 3rd1, Dreher M, Davenport AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity by Monika P, Geetha A.(PubMed)
(3) Avocado oil supplementation modifies cardiovascular risk profile markers in a rat model of sucrose-induced metabolic changes by Carvajal-Zarrabal O1, Nolasco-Hipolito C2, Aguilar-Uscanga MG3, Melo-Santiesteban G4, Hayward-Jones PM1, Barradas-Dermitz DM5.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity by Monika P, Geetha A.(PubMed)
(5) Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity by Monika P, Geetha A.(PubMed)
(6) Substitution of high monounsaturated fatty acid avocado for mixed dietary fats during an energy-restricted diet: effects on weight loss, serum lipids, fibrinogen, and vascular function by Pieterse Z1, Jerling JC, Oosthuizen W, Kruger HS, Hanekom SM, Smuts CM, Schutte AE.(PubMed)
3. Avocado and Diabetes
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.
Extracts of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) ("Avocado") has been used in folk medicine to treat hypertension and lower blood glucose, but the underlined mechanism is unknown. According to University of KwaZulu-Natal, in STZ-induced diabetic rats, the extract may be used in diabetic management through its effectiveness in increased hepatic glycogen concentrations, decreased urine flow and electrolyte excretion rates, whilst subchronic treatment reduced plasma creatinine and urea concentrations(1). Other study suggested that consuming monounsaturated fatty acids in avocado in the diet of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus improves the lipid profile favorably, maintains an adequate glycemic control, and offers a good management alternative(2) and high-monounsaturated fat diet metabolited better in some aspects than the currently recommended diet for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)(3).
References
(1) Effects of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) ["Avocado"] ethanolic leaf extract on blood glucose and kidney function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and on kidney cell lines of the proximal (LLCPK1) and distal tubules (MDBK), by Gondwe M1, Kamadyaapa DR, Tufts MA, Chuturgoon AA, Ojewole JA, Musabayane CT.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of a high-monounsaturated fat diet enriched with avocado in NIDDM patients by Lerman-Garber I1, Ichazo-Cerro S, Zamora-González J, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Posadas-Romero C.(PubMed)
(3) The high-monounsaturated fat diet as a practical alternative for NIDDM by Campbell LV1, Marmot PE, Dyer JA, Borkman M, Storlien LH.(PubMed)
4. Avocado and Cardiovascular disease
Heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure that contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) building up in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat.
In animal study, Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) aqueous leaf extract (PAE) showed an significant effect in reduced risk and treatment of heart diseases, its hypotensive (antihypertensive) effects(1). According to Nutrition Science Solutions LLC, consumption of one-half an avocado (68 g), not only provided many nutrients which are necessary for body needed, but also supported cardiovascular health(2).
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008, suggested that avocado consumption is associated with improved overall diet quality, nutrient intake, and reduced risk of metabolic syndrome(3), including cardiovascular disease.
References
(1) Cardiovascular effects of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) (avocado) aqueous leaf extract in experimental animals by Ojewole JA1, Kamadyaapa DR, Gondwe MM, Moodley K, Musabayane CT.(PubMed)
(2) Hass avocado composition and potential health effects by Dreher ML1, Davenport AJ.(PubMed)
(3) Avocado consumption is associated with better diet quality and nutrient intake, and lower metabolic syndrome risk in US adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008 by Fulgoni VL 3rd1, Dreher M, Davenport AJ.(PubMed)
5. Avocado and Anti inflammatory effect
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
In UV-induced damage in skin cells, the unique lipid molecules, polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFA), extracted from avocado, showed to reduce UVB-induced damage and inflammation in skin. Application of the extract prior to their exposure to UVB enhanced a protective effect, increased cell viability, decreased the secretion of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. and PGE(2) in mediated the inflammation process , and DNA repair(1).
Avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU)supplement, when applied alone exhibited pain-reducing and anti-inflammatory effects, through suppressing TNF-alpha, a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine, IL-1beta which plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, COX-2 which involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, iNOS gene expression which involved in immune response, and prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production in articular chondrocytes and monocyte/macrophages(3). When used combination with epigallocatechin gallate, in the study by Nutramax Laboratories, Avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU)supplement demonstrated a significantly anti-inflammatory activity and may offer an attractive supplement or alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the management of osteoarthritis(2).
References
(1) Polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols derived from avocado suppress inflammatory response and provide non-sunscreen protection against UV-induced damage in skin cells by Rosenblat G1, Meretski S, Segal J, Tarshis M, Schroeder A, Zanin-Zhorov A, Lion G, Ingber A, Hochberg M.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in chondrocytes by avocado soybean unsaponifiables and epigallocatechin gallate by Heinecke LF1, Grzanna MW, Au AY, Mochal CA, Rashmir-Raven A, Frondoza CG.(PubMed)
(3) Avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) suppress TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, COX-2, iNOS gene expression, and prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production in articular chondrocytes and monocyte/macrophages by Au RY1, Al-Talib TK, Au AY, Phan PV, Frondoza CG.(PubMed)
6. Avocado and as Antioxidant
Free radicals are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons through chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules during a chemical reaction. They may have positive, negative or zero charge. The unpaired electrons cause radicals to be highly chemically reactive in the human body, leading to aging and cancers.
eEthyl acetate, containing 70% acetone, and 70% methanol extracts of the peel, pulp, and seed from two avocado (Persea americana Mill) exerted its antioxidant activity in vitro againstantimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria through inhibition of oxidative stress(1). the Tecnológico de Monterrey-Campus Monterrey suggested that avocado pulp may sever as a novel lipophilic antioxidants in a food matrix due to the presence of acetogenins(2), a class of polyketide natural products found in plants. The University of California in the study of the effect of harvest date on nutritional compounds and antioxidant activity (AOC) in avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv Hass) fruit , suugested that AOC in early harvested fruit after storage for 35 days was much higher than that in late harvested fruit after storage for 21 days(3).
References
(1) Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation in porcine patties by Rodríguez-Carpena JG1, Morcuende D, Andrade MJ, Kylli P, Estévez M.(PubMed)
(2) Activity-guided identification of acetogenins as novel lipophilic antioxidants present in avocado pulp (Persea americana) by Rodríguez-Sánchez D1, Silva-Platas C, Rojo RP, García N, Cisneros-Zevallos L, García-Rivas G, Hernández-Brenes C.(PubMed)
(3) Effect of harvest date on the nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity in 'Hass' avocado during storage by Wang M1, Zheng Y, Khuong T, Lovatt CJ.(PubMed)
8. Avocado and osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a group of diseases involved progressive denegation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) supplement, in the searching for randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials of ASU, suggested that ASU improved the symptoms of OA, with only real long-term trial yielded a largely negative result, according to Dr. Ernst E.(1). The Frederiksberg Hospital in the study of the same, with 664 OA patients with either hip (41.4%) or knee (58.6%) suggested that the 3 months. Meta-analysis data support better chances of success in patients with knee OA than in those with hip OA(2). Other study also found a significantly effective of the supplement ASU in reduced the progression of joint space loss as compared with placebo in the subgroup of patients with advanced joint space narrowing, but require confirmation in a larger placebo-controlled study in hip OA(3).
References
(1) Avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) for osteoarthritis - a systematic review by Ernst E.(PubMed)
(2) Symptomatic efficacy of avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in osteoarthritis (OA) patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by Christensen R1, Bartels EM, Astrup A, Bliddal H.(PubMed)
(3) Structural effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables on joint space loss in osteoarthritis of the hip by Lequesne M1, Maheu E, Cadet C, Dreiser RL.(PubMed)
9. Avocado and Prostate Cancer
Avocados are a commercially valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B(a).
Intake of dietary MUFA from whole fruit of avocado are associated to reduced risk of prostate cancer, the new stdy at the University of the West Indies suggested(1). In support of the above, the University of California suggested that the anti prostate cancer effect are not as result of a single ingredient such as related carotenoids (zeaxanthin, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene), lutein but the interaction of all ingredients in the whole fruit conbination with other det-derived phytochemicals through cell cycle arrest and G(2)/M cell cycle arrest accompanied by an increase in p27 protein in controlling the cell cycle progression at G1 in incubation of PC-3 cells(3). The Purdue University study in the evaluation of the anti cancers effect of avocado showed a positive effect of the whole fruit in inhibition of six human tumor cell lines in culture, including human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells(4).
References
(a) Leung's Encyclopedia of Natural Ingredients:Chemical Composition of Avocado
(1) Associations of whole-blood fatty acids and dietary intakes with prostate cancer in Jamaica by Jackson MD1, Walker SP, Simpson-Smith CM, Lindsay CM, Smith G, McFarlane-Anderson N, Bennett FI, Coard KC, Aiken WD, Tulloch T, Paul TJ, Wan RL.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth by an avocado extract: role of lipid-soluble bioactive substances. by Lu QY1, Arteaga JR, Zhang Q, Huerta S, Go VL, Heber D.(PubMed)
(3) Cytotoxic and insecticidal constituents of the unripe fruit of Persea americana by Oberlies NH1, Rogers LL, Martin JM, McLaughlin JL.(PubMed)
10. Avocado and Breast cancer
Avocados are a commercially valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B(a).
Persin, the toxin chemical compound found in the fruits and leaves of avocado showed to inhubut huamn breast cancer cell line, inthe testing of synthetic analogues of the avocado-produced toxin persin(1). In support to the above, researchers at the Gavan institution, suggested that persin could be given together with commonly used breast cancer drugs like tamoxifen, which seem to act in a different way, patients would benefit by needing smaller amounts of each type of medicine. Indeed, in the laboratory, persin and tamoxifen look to be a good combination(2). Other member of Persea, Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm is a member from the same genus with avocado, in the Lauraceae family, widely distributed in Southeast Asia, in the testing against MCF-7 Cells showed that its bark methanolic crude extract (PDM) found to inhibit cell cycle arrest and subsquently induced apoptosis through increased the expression of the proapoptotic molecule, Bax(pro-apoptosis), but decreased the expression of prosurvival proteins, Bcl-2 (pro-apoptotic oranti-apoptotic) and Bcl-xL(pro- and anti-survival protein) in a dose-dependent manner(3).
Side effects1. Skin product of avocado oils may contain latex which can cause skin side effect in certain people with hypersensitivity to latex, leading to symptoms of reddening of the skin, itching, hives, or eczema.
2. Liver damage
Certain types of avocado may cause liver damage as a result of collagen accumulation in the liver
3. Breastfeeding
Some types of Avocado may be unsafe during breastfeeding as it can cause problems of upset stomachs in babies.
4. Drugs
Avocado may decrease the effect of "blood thinning" or anti-inflammatory medications.
5. It may cause symptoms of gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, diarrhoea, respiratory distress, congestion, fluid accumulation due to toxic fatty acid derivative, Persin.
6. Etc.
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Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 100 healthy recipes, http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page_17.html
References
(a) Leung's Encyclopedia of Natural Ingredients:Chemical Composition of Avocado
(1) Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of analogues of avocado-produced toxin (+)-(R)-persin in human breast cancer cells by Brooke DG1, Shelley EJ, Roberts CG, Denny WA, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Persin - the avocado toxin that kills breast cancer cells(Gavan Institution)
(3) Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm Bark Crude Extract Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells via G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest, Bcl-2/Bax/Bcl-xl Signaling Pathways, and ROS Generation by Narrima P1, Paydar M1, Looi CY1, Wong YL1, Taha H2, Wong WF3, Ali Mohd M1, Hadi AH(PubMed)
11. 12. Avocado and Skin health
In a in growing rats fed diets containing 10% (w/w) of the tested oils, showed to increased soluble collagen content due to a result of a consequence of the inhibition of lysyl oxidase activity(1). On wound healing in rats, after the 14th day of treatment with 50% SSFAO or avocado oil containing rich source of oleic acid and essential fatty acids, exhibited a significant increase in percentage wound contraction and reepithelialisation(2). In Exposing skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, unique lipid molecules, polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFA), extracted from avocado, reduced significantly UV-induced cellular damage, through increasing cell viability, decreased the secretion of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. and PGE(2) in mediated the inflammation process(3).
References
(1) The effect of various avocado oils on skin collagen metabolism by Werman MJ1, Mokady S, Nimni ME, Neeman I.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of semisolid formulation of persea americana mill (avocado) oil on wound healing in rats by de Oliveira AP1, Franco Ede S, Rodrigues Barreto R, Cordeiro DP, de Melo RG, de Aquino CM, E Silva AA, de Medeiros PL, da Silva TG, Góes AJ, Maia MB.(PubMed)
(3) Polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols derived from avocado suppress inflammatory response and provide non-sunscreen protection against UV-induced damage in skin cells by Rosenblat G1, Meretski S, Segal J, Tarshis M, Schroeder A, Zanin-Zhorov A, Lion G, Ingber A, Hochberg M.(PubMed)
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B(a).
1. Avocado and leukemia
Hass avocados, the most common commercial avocado cultivars in the world, not only support the cardiovascular health also process the properties in maintaining healthy weight and healthy aging(1).
Endocarp, seed, whole seed, and leaf (0.1 mg/mL) extracts showed to inhibit leukemic cell profileration through an oxidative stress mechanism, according to the University of Antioquia(2)
References
(a) Leung's Encyclopedia of Natural Ingredients:Chemical Composition of Avocado
(1) Hass avocado composition and potential health effects by Dreher ML1, Davenport AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Pro-apoptotic effect of Persea americana var. Hass (avocado) on Jurkat lymphoblastic leukemia cells by Bonilla-Porras AR1, Salazar-Ospina A, Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Pereañez-Jimenez A, Velez-Pardo C.(PubMed)
(3)
2. Avocado and Cholesterol
Cholesterol is needed for our body to build cell walls, make hormones and vitamin D, and create bile salts that help you digest fat. However too much of it can be dangerous because cholesterol cannot dissolve in your blood. The special particle called lipoprotein moves this waxy, soft substance from place to place.
Avocado may be one of best fruit used to reduced the accumulation of bad cholesterol in the blood, as it process body fat lowering capacity. The fruit was also found to reduced risk of metabolic syndrome(1), including obesity(2) and cardiovascular diseases(3) According to Dr. Monika P, and Dr. Geetha A., hydro-alcoholic fruit extract of P. americana (HAEPA) in a a period of 14 weeks rat study, showed a significantly decreased body mass index (BMI), total fat pad mass and adiposity index. Levels of reduced glutathione, adiponectin, mRNA expression of adiponectin were significant lower in rat in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD)(4). The study of the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats, Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract enhanced the HAEPA exhibition of hypolipidemic activity probably by increasing the mRNA, which is RNA messenger expression of adiponectin, a protein with function in regulating glucose levels as well as fatty acid breakdown. and PPAR-γ, a protein with function in regulation of cellular metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein), and tumorigenesis, which reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia and obesity(5). In support od the view of above, researchers at the Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, suggested that consumption of 200 g/d of avocado within an energy-restricted diet does not compromise weight loss when substituted for 30 g of mixed dietary fat. Serum lipid concentrations, plasma fibrinogen, arterial compliance, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were not affected by weight loss or avocado intake(6).
References
(1) Avocado consumption is associated with better diet quality and nutrient intake, and lower metabolic syndrome risk in US adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008 by Fulgoni VL 3rd1, Dreher M, Davenport AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity by Monika P, Geetha A.(PubMed)
(3) Avocado oil supplementation modifies cardiovascular risk profile markers in a rat model of sucrose-induced metabolic changes by Carvajal-Zarrabal O1, Nolasco-Hipolito C2, Aguilar-Uscanga MG3, Melo-Santiesteban G4, Hayward-Jones PM1, Barradas-Dermitz DM5.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity by Monika P, Geetha A.(PubMed)
(5) Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity by Monika P, Geetha A.(PubMed)
(6) Substitution of high monounsaturated fatty acid avocado for mixed dietary fats during an energy-restricted diet: effects on weight loss, serum lipids, fibrinogen, and vascular function by Pieterse Z1, Jerling JC, Oosthuizen W, Kruger HS, Hanekom SM, Smuts CM, Schutte AE.(PubMed)
3. Avocado and Diabetes
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.
Extracts of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) ("Avocado") has been used in folk medicine to treat hypertension and lower blood glucose, but the underlined mechanism is unknown. According to University of KwaZulu-Natal, in STZ-induced diabetic rats, the extract may be used in diabetic management through its effectiveness in increased hepatic glycogen concentrations, decreased urine flow and electrolyte excretion rates, whilst subchronic treatment reduced plasma creatinine and urea concentrations(1). Other study suggested that consuming monounsaturated fatty acids in avocado in the diet of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus improves the lipid profile favorably, maintains an adequate glycemic control, and offers a good management alternative(2) and high-monounsaturated fat diet metabolited better in some aspects than the currently recommended diet for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)(3).
References
(1) Effects of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) ["Avocado"] ethanolic leaf extract on blood glucose and kidney function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and on kidney cell lines of the proximal (LLCPK1) and distal tubules (MDBK), by Gondwe M1, Kamadyaapa DR, Tufts MA, Chuturgoon AA, Ojewole JA, Musabayane CT.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of a high-monounsaturated fat diet enriched with avocado in NIDDM patients by Lerman-Garber I1, Ichazo-Cerro S, Zamora-González J, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Posadas-Romero C.(PubMed)
(3) The high-monounsaturated fat diet as a practical alternative for NIDDM by Campbell LV1, Marmot PE, Dyer JA, Borkman M, Storlien LH.(PubMed)
4. Avocado and Cardiovascular disease
Heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure that contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) building up in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat.
In animal study, Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) aqueous leaf extract (PAE) showed an significant effect in reduced risk and treatment of heart diseases, its hypotensive (antihypertensive) effects(1). According to Nutrition Science Solutions LLC, consumption of one-half an avocado (68 g), not only provided many nutrients which are necessary for body needed, but also supported cardiovascular health(2).
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008, suggested that avocado consumption is associated with improved overall diet quality, nutrient intake, and reduced risk of metabolic syndrome(3), including cardiovascular disease.
References
(1) Cardiovascular effects of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) (avocado) aqueous leaf extract in experimental animals by Ojewole JA1, Kamadyaapa DR, Gondwe MM, Moodley K, Musabayane CT.(PubMed)
(2) Hass avocado composition and potential health effects by Dreher ML1, Davenport AJ.(PubMed)
(3) Avocado consumption is associated with better diet quality and nutrient intake, and lower metabolic syndrome risk in US adults: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008 by Fulgoni VL 3rd1, Dreher M, Davenport AJ.(PubMed)
5. Avocado and Anti inflammatory effect
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
In UV-induced damage in skin cells, the unique lipid molecules, polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFA), extracted from avocado, showed to reduce UVB-induced damage and inflammation in skin. Application of the extract prior to their exposure to UVB enhanced a protective effect, increased cell viability, decreased the secretion of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. and PGE(2) in mediated the inflammation process , and DNA repair(1).
Avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU)supplement, when applied alone exhibited pain-reducing and anti-inflammatory effects, through suppressing TNF-alpha, a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine, IL-1beta which plays a central role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, COX-2 which involved in the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H2, iNOS gene expression which involved in immune response, and prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production in articular chondrocytes and monocyte/macrophages(3). When used combination with epigallocatechin gallate, in the study by Nutramax Laboratories, Avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU)supplement demonstrated a significantly anti-inflammatory activity and may offer an attractive supplement or alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the management of osteoarthritis(2).
References
(1) Polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols derived from avocado suppress inflammatory response and provide non-sunscreen protection against UV-induced damage in skin cells by Rosenblat G1, Meretski S, Segal J, Tarshis M, Schroeder A, Zanin-Zhorov A, Lion G, Ingber A, Hochberg M.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production in chondrocytes by avocado soybean unsaponifiables and epigallocatechin gallate by Heinecke LF1, Grzanna MW, Au AY, Mochal CA, Rashmir-Raven A, Frondoza CG.(PubMed)
(3) Avocado soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) suppress TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, COX-2, iNOS gene expression, and prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide production in articular chondrocytes and monocyte/macrophages by Au RY1, Al-Talib TK, Au AY, Phan PV, Frondoza CG.(PubMed)
6. Avocado and as Antioxidant
Free radicals are atoms, molecules, or ions with unpaired electrons through chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules during a chemical reaction. They may have positive, negative or zero charge. The unpaired electrons cause radicals to be highly chemically reactive in the human body, leading to aging and cancers.
eEthyl acetate, containing 70% acetone, and 70% methanol extracts of the peel, pulp, and seed from two avocado (Persea americana Mill) exerted its antioxidant activity in vitro againstantimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria through inhibition of oxidative stress(1). the Tecnológico de Monterrey-Campus Monterrey suggested that avocado pulp may sever as a novel lipophilic antioxidants in a food matrix due to the presence of acetogenins(2), a class of polyketide natural products found in plants. The University of California in the study of the effect of harvest date on nutritional compounds and antioxidant activity (AOC) in avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv Hass) fruit , suugested that AOC in early harvested fruit after storage for 35 days was much higher than that in late harvested fruit after storage for 21 days(3).
References
(1) Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation in porcine patties by Rodríguez-Carpena JG1, Morcuende D, Andrade MJ, Kylli P, Estévez M.(PubMed)
(2) Activity-guided identification of acetogenins as novel lipophilic antioxidants present in avocado pulp (Persea americana) by Rodríguez-Sánchez D1, Silva-Platas C, Rojo RP, García N, Cisneros-Zevallos L, García-Rivas G, Hernández-Brenes C.(PubMed)
(3) Effect of harvest date on the nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity in 'Hass' avocado during storage by Wang M1, Zheng Y, Khuong T, Lovatt CJ.(PubMed)
8. Avocado and osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a group of diseases involved progressive denegation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
Avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) supplement, in the searching for randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trials of ASU, suggested that ASU improved the symptoms of OA, with only real long-term trial yielded a largely negative result, according to Dr. Ernst E.(1). The Frederiksberg Hospital in the study of the same, with 664 OA patients with either hip (41.4%) or knee (58.6%) suggested that the 3 months. Meta-analysis data support better chances of success in patients with knee OA than in those with hip OA(2). Other study also found a significantly effective of the supplement ASU in reduced the progression of joint space loss as compared with placebo in the subgroup of patients with advanced joint space narrowing, but require confirmation in a larger placebo-controlled study in hip OA(3).
References
(1) Avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) for osteoarthritis - a systematic review by Ernst E.(PubMed)
(2) Symptomatic efficacy of avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) in osteoarthritis (OA) patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by Christensen R1, Bartels EM, Astrup A, Bliddal H.(PubMed)
(3) Structural effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables on joint space loss in osteoarthritis of the hip by Lequesne M1, Maheu E, Cadet C, Dreiser RL.(PubMed)
9. Avocado and Prostate Cancer
Avocados are a commercially valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B(a).
Intake of dietary MUFA from whole fruit of avocado are associated to reduced risk of prostate cancer, the new stdy at the University of the West Indies suggested(1). In support of the above, the University of California suggested that the anti prostate cancer effect are not as result of a single ingredient such as related carotenoids (zeaxanthin, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene), lutein but the interaction of all ingredients in the whole fruit conbination with other det-derived phytochemicals through cell cycle arrest and G(2)/M cell cycle arrest accompanied by an increase in p27 protein in controlling the cell cycle progression at G1 in incubation of PC-3 cells(3). The Purdue University study in the evaluation of the anti cancers effect of avocado showed a positive effect of the whole fruit in inhibition of six human tumor cell lines in culture, including human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells(4).
References
(a) Leung's Encyclopedia of Natural Ingredients:Chemical Composition of Avocado
(1) Associations of whole-blood fatty acids and dietary intakes with prostate cancer in Jamaica by Jackson MD1, Walker SP, Simpson-Smith CM, Lindsay CM, Smith G, McFarlane-Anderson N, Bennett FI, Coard KC, Aiken WD, Tulloch T, Paul TJ, Wan RL.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of prostate cancer cell growth by an avocado extract: role of lipid-soluble bioactive substances. by Lu QY1, Arteaga JR, Zhang Q, Huerta S, Go VL, Heber D.(PubMed)
(3) Cytotoxic and insecticidal constituents of the unripe fruit of Persea americana by Oberlies NH1, Rogers LL, Martin JM, McLaughlin JL.(PubMed)
10. Avocado and Breast cancer
Avocados are a commercially valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America and Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.
Nutrients
1. Vitamin K
2. Dietary fiber
3. Vitamin B6
4. Vitamin C
5. Folate
6. Copper
7. Potassium
8. Amino acid
9. Others
a) Vitamin A
b) Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B12
c) Vitamin D
d) Vitamin E
e) Carotenoid
f) Pantothenic acid
g) Calcium
h) Chromium
Chemical constituents
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B(a).
Persin, the toxin chemical compound found in the fruits and leaves of avocado showed to inhubut huamn breast cancer cell line, inthe testing of synthetic analogues of the avocado-produced toxin persin(1). In support to the above, researchers at the Gavan institution, suggested that persin could be given together with commonly used breast cancer drugs like tamoxifen, which seem to act in a different way, patients would benefit by needing smaller amounts of each type of medicine. Indeed, in the laboratory, persin and tamoxifen look to be a good combination(2). Other member of Persea, Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm is a member from the same genus with avocado, in the Lauraceae family, widely distributed in Southeast Asia, in the testing against MCF-7 Cells showed that its bark methanolic crude extract (PDM) found to inhibit cell cycle arrest and subsquently induced apoptosis through increased the expression of the proapoptotic molecule, Bax(pro-apoptosis), but decreased the expression of prosurvival proteins, Bcl-2 (pro-apoptotic oranti-apoptotic) and Bcl-xL(pro- and anti-survival protein) in a dose-dependent manner(3).
Side effects1. Skin product of avocado oils may contain latex which can cause skin side effect in certain people with hypersensitivity to latex, leading to symptoms of reddening of the skin, itching, hives, or eczema.
2. Liver damage
Certain types of avocado may cause liver damage as a result of collagen accumulation in the liver
3. Breastfeeding
Some types of Avocado may be unsafe during breastfeeding as it can cause problems of upset stomachs in babies.
4. Drugs
Avocado may decrease the effect of "blood thinning" or anti-inflammatory medications.
5. It may cause symptoms of gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, diarrhoea, respiratory distress, congestion, fluid accumulation due to toxic fatty acid derivative, Persin.
6. Etc.
Natural Remedies for Dementia Memory Loss ReversalGuarantee to Stop Progression and Reverse Memory Loss in Alzheimer and Dementia with step by step instructions through Scientific Studies within 2 Months or your Money back
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 100 healthy recipes, http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page_17.html
References
(a) Leung's Encyclopedia of Natural Ingredients:Chemical Composition of Avocado
(1) Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of analogues of avocado-produced toxin (+)-(R)-persin in human breast cancer cells by Brooke DG1, Shelley EJ, Roberts CG, Denny WA, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Persin - the avocado toxin that kills breast cancer cells(Gavan Institution)
(3) Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm Bark Crude Extract Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells via G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest, Bcl-2/Bax/Bcl-xl Signaling Pathways, and ROS Generation by Narrima P1, Paydar M1, Looi CY1, Wong YL1, Taha H2, Wong WF3, Ali Mohd M1, Hadi AH(PubMed)
11. 12. Avocado and Skin health
In a in growing rats fed diets containing 10% (w/w) of the tested oils, showed to increased soluble collagen content due to a result of a consequence of the inhibition of lysyl oxidase activity(1). On wound healing in rats, after the 14th day of treatment with 50% SSFAO or avocado oil containing rich source of oleic acid and essential fatty acids, exhibited a significant increase in percentage wound contraction and reepithelialisation(2). In Exposing skin to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, unique lipid molecules, polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFA), extracted from avocado, reduced significantly UV-induced cellular damage, through increasing cell viability, decreased the secretion of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine. and PGE(2) in mediated the inflammation process(3).
References
(1) The effect of various avocado oils on skin collagen metabolism by Werman MJ1, Mokady S, Nimni ME, Neeman I.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of semisolid formulation of persea americana mill (avocado) oil on wound healing in rats by de Oliveira AP1, Franco Ede S, Rodrigues Barreto R, Cordeiro DP, de Melo RG, de Aquino CM, E Silva AA, de Medeiros PL, da Silva TG, Góes AJ, Maia MB.(PubMed)
(3) Polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols derived from avocado suppress inflammatory response and provide non-sunscreen protection against UV-induced damage in skin cells by Rosenblat G1, Meretski S, Segal J, Tarshis M, Schroeder A, Zanin-Zhorov A, Lion G, Ingber A, Hochberg M.(PubMed)
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