Medical Advisor Journals

Saturday, July 30, 2016

Food Therapy: Fruits - Lime (Lemon)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Lime

Lime is a species of Citrus Aurantifolia, belongs to the family Rutaceae. It has around shape are with green to yellow in color and 3–6 cm in diameter and native to Southeast Asia.

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Sugars
3. Fiber
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Water
7. Vitamin C
8. Etc

Health Benefits
A. Health benefits according to studies
1. Pancreatic cancer
In the evaluation of the chemopreventive effects of lime juice on pancreatic cancer cells found that antioxidant activity is proportionate to the content of flavonoids and proliferation inhibition ability is proportionate to the content of both flavonoids and limonoids, according top "Bioactive compounds from Mexican lime ( Citrus aurantifolia ) juice induce apoptosis in human pancreatic cells" by Patil JR, Chidambara Murthy KN, Jayaprakasha GK, Chetti MB, Patil BS.(a)

2. Enzymatic saccharification
In the investigation of lime and its effect on the pretreatment of brown midrib sorhgums on enzymatic saccharification found that that bmr is useful to reduce pretreatment costs, because the amount of lime necessary for the pretreatment of biomass can reduced by using bmr mutants, according to "Effect of LimePretreatment of Brown Midrib Sorghums" by

Maehara T, Takai T, Ishihara H, Yoshida M, Fukuda K, Gau M, Kaneko S.(b)

3. Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities
In the analyzing the dichloromethane, ethanol and water extracts prepared from celery [Apium graveolens L. (Umbelliferae)], Jerusalem artichoke [Helianthus tuberosus L. (Compositae)], spinach [Spinacia oleracea L. (Chenopodiaceae)], chard [Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla (Chenopodiaceae)], purslane [Portulaca oleracea L. (Portulacaceae)], ispit, or borage [Trachystemon orientale (L.) G. Don (Boraginaceae)], garden rocket [Eruca sativa Mill. (Brassicaceae)], red cabbage [Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra DC. (Cruciferae)], lime flower [Tilia tomentosa Moench (Tiliaceae)], cinnamon [Cinnamomum cassia Presl. (Lauraceae)], and rosehip [Rosa canina L. (Rosaceae)], found that the dichloromethane, ethanol and water extracts of cinnamon showed the bestantioxidant effect among the extracts of the tested plants. The ethanol extract of cinnamon exhibited 63.02% inhibition against acetylcholinesterase and 85.11% inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) at 200 µg/mL, according to "Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of eleven edible plants" by Boğa M, Hacıbekiroğlu I, Kolak U.(c)

4. Etc.
B. Health benefits according to concentration
1. Vitamin C
Besides is essential in preventing the breaking off small vein cause of hardening of the vessel wall, vitamin C also improves the digestive system in maximum absorption of vital nutrients. Overdoses can cause diarrhea, It also plays an important role in enhancing immune system fighting against the forming of free radicals that cause muscle damage, according to the study of "Does antioxidantvitamin supplementation protect against muscle damage?" by McGinley C, Shafat A, Donnelly AE., posted in PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19902983)

2. Protein
In the research of the importance of dietary proteins influence body weight by affecting four targets for body weight regulation: satiety, thermogenesis, energy efficiency, and body composition, found that Ingestion of dietary proteins in diabetes type 1 exerts a delayed postprandial increase in blood glucose levels due to protein-induced stimulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion. Higher than minimal amounts of protein in the diet needed for nitrogen balance may play animportant role for the increasing number of elderly obese subjects in our industrialized societies, since proteins exert beneficial effects in the conditions of overweight, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular risk factors, bone health, and sarcopenia. Adverse effects of increased dietary proteins have been observed in subjects with renal impairment- this problem is frequently observed in the elderly, hypertensive, and diabetic population. Nevertheless, dietary proteins deserve more attention than they have received in the past, according to "Dietary proteins in obesity and in diabetes" by Keller U.(I)

3. Dietary fiber
Daily intake of right amount of fibers can prevent and treat
a. Diabetes, as Increased consumption of vegetables, whole grains, and soluble and insoluble fiber is associated with improved glucose metabolism in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. Improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis were more evident in participants following a plant-based diet compared with other commonly used diets, according to the study of "Efficacy of high-fiber diets in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus" by Wolfram T, Ismail-Beigi F.(II)

b. Cholesterol and cardivascular diseases, as the soluble fiber content of legumes and vegetables has also been shown to decrease LDL-C. Current investigations continue to explore this area in depth and examine potential synergies between dietary fiber and other phytochemicals that may lower cholesterol, according to the study of "Effects of soluble dietary fiber on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and coronary heart disease risk" by Bazzano LA.(III)

4. Etc.

C. Other health benefits
1. Immune system
Since it contains high amount of flavonoid, it helps to improve the immune system fighting against forming of free radical causes of tumor and cancer, according to the study of "Dietary intake of selected flavonols, flavones, and flavonoid-rich foods and risk of cancer in middle-aged and older women" by Wang L, Lee IM, Zhang SM, Blumberg JB, Buring JE, Sesso HD., posted in PubMed(1)

2. Vitamin C
Vitamin C in lime not helps to strenghtens the small blood vessels by making them more elastic in transporting blood, according to the study of "High-dose vitamin C treatment reduces capillary leakage after burn plasma transfer in rats" by Kremer T, Harenberg P, Hernekamp F, Riedel K, Gebhardt MM, Germann G, Heitmann C, Walther A., Posted in PubMed(2),but also protects against Rheumatoid arthritis by ehnacing the immune system fighting against the inflammation of the lining of the joints., according to the study of "Clinically significant vitamin C deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis" by Oldroyd KG, Dawes PT., posted in PubNMed(3).

3. Digestive system
Lime stimulates the digestive system in secreting digestive juices, bile and acids , that aids to break foods in the stomach, according to the article of "Healthy Digestive System", posted in Asian Online Recipes(4)

4. Peptic Ulcer
Peptic Ulcer is an ulcer in the gastrointestinal tract that is usually acidic and thus extremely painful. The phenolic compounds of Flonvoids in lime helps to treat it because of theirs' anti-biotic, anti carcinogenic and detoxifying properties, according to the stuyd of "Role of phenolic compounds in peptic ulcer: An overview", by Sumbul S, Ahmad MA, Mohd A, Mohd A., posted in PubMed(5)

5. Lung enhancer
The peel of a lime if scratch can has a immediate relief in nasal congestion as well as lung cancer due to presence of Kaempferol, a natural flavonol of flavonoid, accorsing to the study of " Kaempferol-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells is mediated by activation of MEK-MAPK" by Nguyen TT, Tran E, Ong CK, Lee SK, Do PT, Huynh TT, Nguyen TH, Lee JJ, Tan Y, Ong CS, Huynh H., posted in PubMed(6)

6. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Since it contains high amount of vitamin C, people with weak stomach or ulcer should consult with their doctor before consuming high amount of lime.
2. Overdose of vitamin C may increase the risk of stomachache and diarrhea
3. Since its contains a measure amount of oxalate, people with kidney diseases should consult with their doctor before taking with high amount.
4. No other known side effect.

Phytochemicals in Foods - The Effects of Tannic acid

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Tannic acid

Tannic acid is a phytochemical in the class of phenolic acids, found abundantly in nettles, tea, berries, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Asthma in Children
In the determination of the effectiveness of physical and chemical environmental control measures for house dust mites (HDM) in controlling bronchial asthma in children, found that in the group where tannic acid was used as a chemical measure, the number of children with moderate and severe asthma decreased from 15 in each category to 11 and 7, respectively. In the control group, only the mean difference of PEFR (1.62 l/min) was significant after 16 weeks. Despite these promising findings, only the FEV1 was significantly different (p = 0.014) when the four groups were compared, according to "Environmental intervention for house dust mite control in childhood bronchial asthma" by El-Ghitany EM, Abd El-Salam MM.(1)

2. Antiviral activity
In the investigation of the inhibition effects of Chinese medicinal herbs against NoVs binding to HBGAs for potential antivirals against NoVs, found that tannic acid is a common composition in the extracts of the two herbs, so we speculate that it might be the effective compound and further studies using commercially available, highly purified tannic acid confirmed the tannic acid as a strong inhibitor in the binding of NoV P protein to both A and B saliva (IC(50)≈0.1μM). Our data suggested that tannic acid is a promising candidate antiviral against NoVs., according to "Tannic acid inhibited norovirus binding to HBGA receptors, a study of 50 Chinese medicinal herbs" by Zhang XF, Dai YC, Zhong W, Tan M, Lv ZP, Zhou YC, Jiang X.(2)

3. Anti tumors
In the searching for the development of tumor drug resistance is one of the biggest obstacles on the way to achieve a favorable outcome of chemotherapy, found that plant polyphenols that have been identified to possess proteasome-inhibitory activity include (-)-epigallocatechins-3-gallate (EGCG), genistein, luteolin, apigenin, chrysin, quercetin, curcumin and tannic acid. These polyphenols have exhibited an appreciable effect on overcoming resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs as well as multidrug resistance in a broad spectrum of tumors ranging from carcinoma and sarcoma to hematological malignances, according to "Targeting Tumor Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway with Polyphenols for Chemosensitization" by Shen M, Chan TH, Dou QP.(3)

4. Longevity effect
In the review of the exposure of low concentrations of the polyphenol tannic acid(TA) induces potent life-prolonging properties in Caenorhabditis elegans, found that exploiting a suite of 14 mutant strains revealed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase SEK-1 (SAPK/ERK kinase) is a key player involved in TA-mediated longevity. It is conceivable that TA mimics pathogen action and therefore activates the SEK-1-mediated pathogen resistance pathway. This pathway is thought to inhibit potential detrimental effects of TA and may also be involved in the longevity process, according to "The longevity effect of tannic acid in Caenorhabditis elegans: Disposable Soma meets hormesis" by Saul N, Pietsch K, Menzel R, Stürzenbaum SR, Steinberg CE.(4)

5. Anti fungal effect
In the investigation of the heterologous expression of the tannic acid-inducible laccase3 using a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, found that expression of the lac3 gene has an inhibitory effect on the growth of transformed S. cerevisiae and that the controlled expression of lac3 is appropriate for the possible application of recombinant yeast to the treatment of phenolic compounds, according to "Heterologous expression of a tannic acid-inducible laccase3 of Cryphonectria parasitica in Saccharomyces cerevisiae" by Kim JM, Park SM, Kim DH.(5)

6. Internal hemorrhoids
In the study of aluminum potassium sulfate and tannic acid (ALTA), a new sclerosing therapy for internal hemorrhoids, indicated that from January 2009 to March 2010, we performed the ALTA sclerosing therapy on 28 patients (14 men and 14 women; mean age, 64.6 years), including 5 second-degree, 16 third-degree and 7 fourth-degree hemorrhoids. There were 6 postoperative complications (2 cases of low grade fever, 2 anal pains, 1 necrosis at injection site and 1 perianal dermatitis). All symptoms of prolapse or bleeding disappeared after 29 postoperative days. There were 3 recurrent cases (10.7%). Conclusions: ALTA sclerosing therapy is a useful and less invasive treatment for internal hemorrhoids, according to "ALTA Injection Sclerosing Therapy:Non-Excisional Treatment of Internal Hemorrhoids" by
Miyamoto H, Asanoma M, Miyamoto H, Shimada M.(6)

7. Diuretic activity
In the investigation of petroleum ether and ethanolic extracts of Cyclea peltata and their diuretic activity, found that the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, diterpenes and saponins. Pharmacological investigation revealed that ethanolic extract of C. peltata leaves possessed significant diuretic activity in a given dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (Diuretic action 1.7 and 2.6, respectively). Where as petroleum ether extract has shown moderate diuresis at a dose of 300 mg/kg body weight (Diuretic action 1.1), according to "Phytochemical investigation and diuretic activity of Cyclea peltata leaf extracts" by Hullatti KK, Gopikrishna UV, Kuppast IJ.(7)

8. Inflammatory bowel disease
In the assessment of the protective effect of aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea leaves (AESO 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg, p.o.) in inflammatory bowel disease using acetic acid- and ethanol-induced colitis in mice and indomethacin-induced enterocolitis in rats, found that the treatment with AESO significantly increased body weight, decreased diarrhea with bloody stools, increased blood hemoglobin and plasma total protein, and decreased serum and ileum or colon malondialdehyde content and attenuated the extent of lesions and ameliorated the histological injury of mucosa in all paradigms. The most prominent effects were evident for AESO 1,000 mg/kg. The results of the present study revealed that AESO was effective in attenuating almost all the symptoms of IBD in experimental paradigms, according to "Protective effect of aqueous extract of Spinacia oleracea leaves in experimental paradigms of inflammatory bowel disease" by Otari KV, Gaikwad PS, Shete RV, Upasani CD.(8)

9. Congestive effects
In the orally administration of the flavonoid tannic acid (TA) to the transgenic PSAPP mouse model of cerebral amyloidosis (bearing mutant human APP and presenilin-1 transgenes) and evaluation of the cognitive function and AD-like pathology, found that in vitro validation, we treated well-characterized mutant human APP-overexpressing murine neuron-like cells with TA and found significantly reduced Aβ production associated with less amyloidogenic APP proteolysis. Taken together, these results raise the possibility that dietary supplementation with TA may be prophylactic for AD by inhibiting β-secretase activity and neuroinflammation and thereby mitigating AD pathology, according to "Tannic Acid is a Natural β-secretase Inhibitor that Prevents Cognitive Impairment and Mitigates Alzheimer-like Pathology in Transgenic Mice" by Mori T, Rezai-Zadeh K, Koyama N, Arendash GW, Yamaguchi H, Kakuda N, Horikoshi-Sakuraba Y, Tan J, Town T.(9)

10. Colon cancer
In the investigation of Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) bark, a rich source of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins is reported to exert a protective action against colon cancer, found that treatment with these compounds reduced tumor viability and induced apoptosis, necrosis, and S-phase arrest in the cell cycle of HT29 cells, with hamamelitannin being the most efficient. Owing to polyphenol-mediated H(2)O(2) formation in the incubation media, the antiproliferative effect was determined in the presence and absence of catalase to rule out any such interference, according to "Hamamelitannin from Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Displays Specific Cytotoxic Activity against Colon Cancer Cells" by Sánchez-Tena S, Fernández-Cachón ML, Carreras A, Mateos-Martín ML, Costoya N, Moyer MP, Nuñez MJ, Torres JL, Cascante M.(10)

11. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory effects and acute toxicity
In the enaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects and acute toxicity of aqueous infusion and ethanolic maceration extracts of the aerial parts of Zhumeria majdae, in mice and rats, found that phytochemical screening of the extracts indicated the presence of flavonoids and tannins. In the hot-plate test, the intraperitoneal injection of both extracts showed significant and dose-dependent antinociceptive activity in mice. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, on pretreatment inhibited the antinociceptive activity of the extracts. The extracts exhibited antinociceptive activity against acetic acid-induced writhing, which was partially blocked by naloxone. Both extracts showed significant effect against acute inflammation induced by acetic acid in mice. In the chronic inflammation test, efficacy of the extracts was similar to that of baclofen and dexamethasone in rats, according to "Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Zhumeria majdae extracts in mice and rats" by Hosseinzadeh H, Ramezani M, Fadishei M, Mahmoudi M.(11)

12. Antioxidant activity
In the investigation of Highly galloylated tannin fractions from witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) bark: electron transfer capacity, in vitro antioxidant activity, and effects on skin-related cells, by Touriño S, Lizárraga D, Carreras A, Lorenzo S, Ugartondo V, Mitjans M, Vinardell MP, Juliá L, Cascante M, Torres JL.(12), found that the extracts exhibited antinociceptive activity against acetic acid-induced writhing, which was partially blocked by naloxone. Both extracts showed significant effect against acute inflammation induced by acetic acid in mice. In the chronic inflammation test, efficacy of the extracts was similar to that of baclofen and dexamethasone in rats. It is concluded that the aqueous infusion and ethanolic maceration extract of the aerial parts of Zhumeria majdae have antinociceptive effects and this may be mediated by opioid receptors.

13. Etc.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Chinese Herbs - Je Zi (Semen Sinapis albae)

Je Zi (Semen Sinapis albae)

Je Zi or Bai Je Zi is also known as white mustard seed, the warm, acrid and toxic herb has been used in TCM to treat cough, asthmatic, pain in limbs and joints, migrating sores, emphysema, leaching pleurisy, neuralgia, etc., as it warms the Lungs, eliminates Phlegm, moves Qi, disperses nodules Promotes circulation in the channels by enhancing the functions of lung and stomach channels.

Ingredients
1. Sinalbin
2.Myrosin
3. Sinapine
4. 4-hydroxybenzoylcholine
5. 4-hydroxybenzylamine
6. Glucosinalbin
7. Sinapinrhodanide
8. Fatty acid
9. Polysaccharides
10. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Liver cancer
Glucoraphasatin and myrosinase were isolated and purified from Daikon sprouts and Sinapis alba L, has demonstrated the activity as a potent inducer of hepatic enzymes involved in the detoxification of chemical carcinogens, according to the study of “4-Methylsulfanyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate derived from glucoraphasatin is a potent inducer of rat hepatic phase II enzymes and a potential chemopreventive agent” by Abdull Razis AF, De Nicola GR, Pagnotta E, Iori R, Ioannides C.(1).

2. Antioxidants
Bai Jie Zi (Mustard Seed) has decreased plasma levels of the lipid peroxidation product malonaldehyde in mice exposed to the colon cancer-inducer azoxymethane (AOM) and reduced formation of colon adenomas by about 50%, according to the study of “Mustard seeds (Sinapis Alba Linn) attenuate azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis” by Yuan H, Zhu M, Guo W, Jin L, Chen W, Brunk UT, Zhao M(2).

3. Asthma
Plasters made up of Gansui (Radix Euphorbiae Kansui), Baijiezi (Semen Sinapis Albae), Mahuang (Herba Ephedrae), Xixin (Herba Asari), etc. were applied to Feishu (BL 13), Fengmen (BL 12), Dingchuan (EX-B 1), Pishu (BL 20) Shenshu (BL 23), etc. has exerted the effectively improve asthma patients’ clinical symptoms, lower serum IgE and Eos count and raise LTR, according to the study of”[A study on the time-effect relationship in the treatment of bronchial asthma with medicinal vesiculation therapy]. [Article in Chinese]“ by Zhuang LX, Zhao MH, Yang JJ, Deng QP.(3).

4. Calcium-rich drinks
A calcium-soluble protein isolate (CSPI) was prepared from the supernatant obtained after addition of 0.75 M calcium chloride to a pH 5.0 aqueous extract of yellow mustard (Sinapis alba) seed meal may be the next generation used to prepare calcium-fortified high protein liquid products, according to the study of “Characterization of a calcium-soluble protein fraction from yellow mustard (Sinapis alba) seed meal with potential application as an additive to calcium-rich drinks” by Aluko RE, Reaney M, McIntosh T, Ouellet F, Katepa-Mupondwa F.(4).

5. Prostatic hyperplasia
Sinalbin and beta-sitosterol separated from seeds of Brassica alba (Bai JIe Zi) significantly inhibit mice prostatic hyperplasia induced by testosterone propionate and activity of serum acid phosphatase, according to the study of “[An experimental study(II) on the inhibition of prostatic hyperplasia by extract of seeds of Brassica alba][Article in Chinese]” by Wu GX, Lin YX, Ou MR, Tan DF.(5).

6. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Allergic effects or occupational allergen as a result of the presence of predominant allergenic protein Sin a 1, according to the study of “Quantitative detection of allergenic protein Sin a 1 from yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay” by Shim YY, Wanasundara JP(a)
2. External use in a prolonged period can cause inflammation
3. Do not use the herb, if you are pregant or breast feeding without consulting with the related field specialist.
4. Etc.

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21960141
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21605497
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17580442
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15366859
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15139111
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18217709

The Best Weight Loss and Healthy recipe: Braised Tofu

Women Health: Overcome Infertility - Treatments Of Luteal Phase Defect In The Yang Phase Of Menstrual Cycle

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Infertility is defined as inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse or can not carry the pregnancy to full term. It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U. S. and many times more in the world, because of unawareness of treatments, only 10% seeks help from professional specialist. In fact, More than 40% of infertility of a couple is caused by male inability to fertilize.

The yang or luteal phase (about 12 -14 days)

When the egg is extruded into fallopian tube, liver transform yin energy to yang that trigger the yang ( progesterone) phrase. At this phrase, blood and qi move down ward, the endometrial lining become softer to prepare the implantation of the fertilized egg, if occurs.
In conventional medicine, at this phase corpus luteum starts to produce progesterone that triggers the softening of endometrial lining for fertilized egg implantation.

Luteal Phase Defect In The Yang Phase

In Traditional Chinese medicine, when the egg is extruded into fallopian tube, liver transform yin energy to yang that triggers the yang ( progesterone) phrase. At this phrase, blood and qi move down ward, the uterus lining becomes softer in preparing for the implantation of the fertilized egg, if occurs. In conventional medicine, at this phrase corpus luteum starts to produce progesterone that triggers the softening of uterus lining for fertilized egg implantation.
Shortened luteal phase may interfere with endometrial lining readiness for egg implantation.

I. Causes
1. Yang deficiency
a) Kidney yang deficiency
Although yang is sub-dominant in the yin phrase, it is also required to balance the dominant yin in production of the follicles, if for what ever reason yang is too weak, it will causes ovaries do not respond well to the FSH, leading to inadequate follicle development, resulting in poor follicle formation or corpus luteum does not persist as long as it should or the uterine lining failure to develop properly.

b) Liver qi deficiency
Since liver in responsible for the transformation of yin phrase to the yang phrase, if liver qi is deficient caused by yang deficiency, it may interfere with liver qi in moving blood to the uterus, leading to not enough blood to ensure the development of the uterus lining for egg implantation.

2. Spleen qi deficiency
Spleen is vital distribution of food qi and essence to kidney in maintaining a normal menstrual cycle. If for what ever reason ( prolonged in take of cold and raw food, working in cold environment or drinking or eating a lot of artificial ingredient), spleen fails to provide enough yang for the kidney and liver to maintain the normal menstrual phrase, they may also fail to do their job in providing the suitable environment for uterus lining in egg implantation.

II. Symptoms
1. Shortened menstrual cycle
2. Bleeding
3. Frequent urination
4. Loose stools
5. Etc.

III. Treatments
A. With herbs
1. Dang gui (Chinese Angelica root)
Tradition Chinese medicine believes Dang qui is warm and especially good in invigorating and harmonizing blood by tonifying the liver and kidney channels

2. Bai Shao (White pony root)
It has been used in traditional Chinese medicine in nourishing blood, calming liver yang and preserving yin by tonifying the kidney and spleen channels

3. For Kidney yang deficiency
a) a) Tu si zi (Chinese dodder seed)
Tu si zi is a herb used in tonifying kidney and liver, strengthening spleen by enhancing the soothing liver and kidney channels.

b) Zi shi ying (Fluoritum)
The herb has been used to warm the uterus and lung, move qi downwards ny strengthening the lung and liver channels.

4. For Spleen qi deficiency
a) Ren shen (Ginseng)
It is one of most important herbs in traditional Chinese medicine in strongly tonify original qi, lung and spleen qi and in case of extreme Qi deficiency by tonifying lung and spleen channels.

b) Huang qi (Astragalus)
huang qi is one of the herb used in tonifying spleen and lung by raising the spleen qi and strengthening the lung downward movement.

5. Etc.

B. With acupuncture
Suggested acupuncture points
1. KI7 ( Fu liu)
2. ST36 (Zu san li)
3. REN6 (Qi hai)
4. DU4 (Ming men)
5. UB23 (Shen shu)
6. UB52 (Zhi shi)
7. Etc.

C. With food
1. Black beans
2. Legumes
3. Kelp
4. Black sesame seeds
5. Raspberries
6. Wild rice
7. Wheat germ
8. Etc.
All information is for general illustration only, please consult with your Chinese medicine practitioner for exacted differentiation.

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General Health: Cerebral aneurysm - The Cause and Risk factors

The Cause and Risk factors

A. Causes
Cerebral aneurysms develop as a result of the weaken of blood vessels and veins of which exhibit the risk of ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Aneurysms often occur mostly at the bifurcations and branches of the large arteries located at the Circle of Willis based of the brain.

B. Risk factors
1. Hypertension (significant risk factor for future SAH)
In the study to reveal and assess risk factors for intraoperative rupture (IOA) of aneurysms, which will reduce the incidence of this complication and improve the outcome of treatment, Dr.Taylor CL, and the research team at Case Western Reserve University indicated that for patients with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm as the primary diagnosis, hypertension was found to be a significantrisk factor for future SAH (risk ratio: 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.11), whereas surgical treatment (risk ratio: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09-0.97) had a significant protective effect. Advancing age had a small but significant protective effect in both groups. Elderly patients identified with unruptured aneurysms are more likely to have coexisting hypertension than the general hospitalized population. In elderly patients hospitalized with an unruptured cerebral aneurysmas their primary diagnosis, hypertension is a risk factor for subsequent SAH, whereas surgical treatment is a protective factor against SAH(5).

2. Family history
In the study of the incidence of asymptomatic, unruptured cerebral aneurysms among patients with a family history of SAH within the second degree of consanguinity. Forty-one unruptured cerebral aneurysms were found in 34 (13.9%) of 244 patients. This incidence was significantly higher than that found in a control group of healthy volunteers (6%). Furthermore, patients who had a family history of SAH combined with multiple systemic risk factors were found to have the highest incidence of unruptured aneurysms (32%; odds ratio 3.49, 95% confidence interval 1.37-8.9)(6).

3. Old Age and gender
a. Old age is considered as one of risk factor of Cerebral aneurysm. In the study of the complication of Three hundred fifty-five patients underwent 394 endovascular procedures treating 75 aneurysm recurrences and 319 untreated aneurysms. One hundred eight (30%) were elderly(7)
b. Women are at increased risk of Cerebral aneurysm than men,

4. Smoking
In the study to investigate whether cigarette smoking increased the risk of developing cerebral aneurysms and of SAH. Degree of smoking was investigated in 182 patients with SAH and in 123 patients with an unruptured cerebral aneurysmincidentally detected during investigation of other diseases, showed that Smokingsignificantly increased the risk of both aneurysm formation and SAH; The odds ratio for SAH was 2.4, and for unruptured cerebral aneurysm 1.7. Smokingespecially increased the occurrence of SAH in women and in youngsters. However, smoking did not influence the occurrence of cerebral vasospasm and multiplicity of aneurysms(8).

5. Arteriosclerosis
Disruption of the entire arterial wall may be a critical event in the development of IDA and result in the medial disruption and subadventitial haemorrhage. Non-atheromatous intima might function as a protective factor in arterial wall disruption. On the other hand, atherosclerosis may predispose to intra-atheromatous plaque haemorrhage type of IDA through intramural haemorrhage originating from the newly formed vessels(9).

6. Drug abuse
Dr. Vannemreddy P, and the team at the Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center suggested that Aneurysms were significantly smaller and ruptured at a younger age among cocaine users compared with nonusers. Although the poor clinical grade was not significantly different between the 2 groups, outcome was significantly worse in cocaine users(10).

7. Head injury
There are a report of three cases of ruptured traumatic aneurysms of the peripheral anterior cerebral artery after closed head injury. These cases were all young men with closed head injury due to traffic accidents(11).

8. Heavy alcohol consumption
"Heavy drinking impairs outcome mainly through severe rebleeding and delayed ischaemia and to a lesser extent through a poor initial condition and presence of intracerebral haematoma
". Dr. Juvela S. at the Helsinki University Hospital said(12).

9. Certain blood infections
Certain blood infections may increased the risk of Cerebral aneurysm, including Streptococcus sanguinis(13), endocarditis(14), Etc.

10. Lower estrogen levels after menopause
Researchers at the Affiliated ZhongShan Hospital, DaLian University, in the study of The role of estrogen in the formation of experimental abdominal aorticaneurysm, showed that in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA),estrogen may play an inhibitory role by decreasing expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 synthesis(15).

11. Risk factors present at birth
a. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV is defined as a condition characterized by its clinical manifestations, which are easy bruising, thin skin with visible veins, and rupture of arteries, uterus, etc. There is a report of report a case presented with cervical radiculopathy due to a segmental fusiform aneurysm of the cervical vertebral artery(16).

b. Polycystic kidney disease
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease(ADPKD) is primarily associated with renal failure, but it also causes systemic diseases, including cysts of other systemic organs and cerebral or visceral aneurysm(17). Other suggested thatPolycystic kidney disease has been associated with several aneurysms, most notably cerebral, but not popliteal. The patient's marfanoid habitus also may have played a part. This case emphasises the mixed aetiology of popliteal aneurysms(18).

c. Abnormally narrow aorta (coarctation of the aorta), the large blood vessel that delivers oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body. There is a report of the frequency of IA among patients with CoA is approximately 5-fold that of the general population. Although no risk factors were identified in this cohort, additional prospective evaluation is warranted. These data suggest that noninvasive cerebral imaging to screen for IA should be considered in patients with CoA(19).

d. Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (brain AVM),
There are reports of 2 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage associated withneurofibromatosis type I (von Recklinghausen's disease) are reported. A 30-year-old male patient (case 1) had been diagnosed as having neurofibromatosis type I due to neurofibroma and café-au-lait spot. He suffered from subarachnoid hemorrhage and angiography showed multiple aneurysms in the right and left middle cerebral arteries and left internal carotid artery. He also hadarteriovenous malformation in the left temporal lobe(20).

e. Etc.

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Sources
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7472548
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10470812
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22241386
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10478344
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11318898
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18312093
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9125717
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1633519
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22385612
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7477721
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18585678
(16) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21430980
(17) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22293308
(18) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12954963
(19) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14661678
(20) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9513196