Wednesday, March 30, 2016

Most Common Disease of 50plus: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: The Causes and Risk Factors

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)

1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia                    



                                                      Osteoarthritis


Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone. University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in knee, hip and hand joints(3).
The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain(5), stiffness(6), or difficulty of moving the joint or joints(7). The pain usually gets worse in change of weather, at night and in the advanced diseases, the pain can occur even at rest(8). Today management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, non pharmacological, and surgical treatments(4).


                               The Causes and Risk Factors
A. The Causes
1. Process of wear and repair
Osteoarthritis (OA), a widespread degenerative disease of skeletal joints(34) and is often associated with senescence in vertebrates. arising from long term wear and tear, heavy long-term use or specific injuries(35). Improper repair process of injure of joints can also result of symptoms of Osteoarthritis (OA)(36) in old age(37), according to TCM.

2. Nutrient deficiency and overload
Poor nutritional conditions experienced early in life are linked to greater prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA)(35)(38), such as vitamin D. On the other hand, nutrient overload and metabolic surplus, such as obesity may contribute to early onset of osteoarthritis (OA)(38).

3. Cartilage
Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue cushioned the ends of bones in your joints and allowed the joints to move smoothly. Rough or wears down cartilage due to aging or damage can causes pain due to bone in the joint rubbing against another bone(39)(40).
The above causes of Osteoarthritis (OA) may also be the result of injure(35), overuse(15)(16), Rheumatoid Arthritis(41), etc.
4. Etc.

B. The Risk factors
Aging changes in the musculoskeletal system contribute to the development of OA by making the joint more susceptible to the effects of other OA risk factors(39)(40)
1. Abnormal biomechanicsThe biomechanics of the foot and ankle is important to the normal function of the lower extremity(42). Abnormal biomechanics can cause abnormal stress and eventual breakdown of connective tissue and muscle(42) of that can lead to early onset of Osteoarthritis (OA)(43).

2. Joint injury and obesity
According to the University of Calgary, joint injury and obesity were associated with an increased risk of OA of the knee and hip(44). Dr. Rogers LQ and the research team at the Southern Illinois University School of Medicine indicated that the high and low joint stress from physical activity (PA)
ate associated to reduce risk of the disease(45). In obesity, according to Duke University Medical Center, it is one of the most significant, and potentially most preventable, risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis due to a strong association between body mass index and osteoarthritis of the hip, knee, foot and hand(46)(47).

3. Age-related sarcopenia(48)(49) and increased bone turnover(49) have found to be associated to the development of OA(49). Other suggested that Osteoarthritis development in the injured joints is caused by pathways of joint-related mechanisms and deconditioning of the musculoskeletal system(50). As well as intra-articular pathogenic processes initiated at the time of injury(51).

4. Normal Aging
Normal aging in humans is associated with declines in skeletal muscle mass and strength and increased muscle fatigability (sarcopenia)(52).

5. Muscle strength
Reduced muscle strength due to ageing, injure or other conditions is regarded as a risk factor for pain and disability in osteoarthritis (OA)(53)(54).


6. Gender
Women are susceptible to the greater risk for the development of osteoarthritis (OA), but research in sex and gender differences in osteoarthritis to date, may not be appreciated by the orthopedic community, according to Mayo Clinic(56)(57)

7. Genetic

Asian are at higher risk to develop osteoarthritis, according to research of Praxisklinik für Unfallchirurgie und Orthopädie(57)(58), due to genetic polymorphisms associated with osteoarthritis and related end-points(58).

8. Deformation of bone
People who were born with defective joints or cartilage are at increased risk of developing osteoarthritis(59)(60).

9. Physical activity
People who involve in activity such as sport are at higher risk to develop osteoarthritis, if injure(61).

10. Occupations
Certain occupations are associated to the increased risk of osteoarthritis, especially to workers involving repetitive movements that stress on a particular joint(61)(62).

11. Deficiency in DNA repair
Progeroid human DNA repair syndrome trichothiodystrophy may be associated to the to the development of osteoarthritis(63).

12. Other diseases and conditions may have a higher risk of developing the condition.
a. Gout
Gout is a type of arthritis as a result of uric acid builds up in blood causes of joint inflammation(64). According to a total of 4249 completed questionnaires returned (32%) from 359 attendees, 164 cases of gout were clinically confirmed, there is highly significant association existed between the site of acute attacks of gout and the presence of OA(65).

b. Rheumatoid arthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease, causing the attack of flexible (synovial) joints, inflammation of the surrounding tissues and many tissues and organs. Patients with heumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated to increase risk of OA due to progression of aging(66).

c. Paget’s disease of the bone
Paget’s disease of bone is a condition a chronic disorder of excessive and abnormal bone remodeling result in excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue causing pain, misshapen bones, fractures, and arthritis in the joints near the affected bones(67) with prevalence trends of doubling each decade from the age of 50 onwards, causing bone pain, depending on skeletal sites involved and range from secondary osteoarthritis to malignant degeneration(68).

d. Septic arthritis
Septic arthritis is a condition of inflammation of a joint as a result of bacterial or fungal infection causes of osteoarthritis(69).

9. Etc.

Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months


Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


References
(1) Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study by Dai SM1, Han XH, Zhao DB, Shi YQ, Liu Y, Meng JM.(PubMed)
(2) Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Elderly by Ramon Gheno, Juan M. Cepparo, Cristina E. Rosca,1 and Anne Cotten(PMC)
(3) The effect of osteoarthritis definition on prevalence and incidence estimates: a systematic review by Pereira D1, Peleteiro B, Araújo J, Branco J, Santos RA, Ramos E.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of therapeutic aquatic exercise on symptoms and function associated with lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis by Waller B1, Ogonowska-Slodownik A2, Vitor M3, Lambeck J4, Daly D5, Kujala UM6, Heinonen A7.(PubMed)
(5) Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on pain, physical functions and safety outcomes in patients with kneeosteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang C1, Xie Y2, Luo X3, Ji Q3, Lu C3, He C4, Wang P3.(PubMed)
(6) Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis by Farid R1, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Hatef MR, Mirheidari M, Mansouri H, Esmaelli H, Bentley G, Lu Y, Foo Y, Watson RR.(PubMed)
(7) Functional ability, mobility, and pain before and after knee replacement in patients aged 75 and older: a cross-sectional study by Limnell K1, Jämsen E, Huhtala H, Jäntti P, Puolakka T, Jylhä M.(PubMed)

(34) Targets, models and challenges in osteoarthritis research by Thysen S1, Luyten FP2, Lories RJ3.(PubMed)
(35) Ecology of arthritis. by Peterson RO1, Vucetich JA, Fenton G, Drummer TD, Larsen CS.(PubMed)
(36) Handout on Health: Osteoarthritis(NIH)
(37) Age-related changes in the musculoskeletal system and the development of osteoarthritis. by Loeser RF1.(PubMed)
(38) Metabolic triggered inflammation in osteoarthritis by Wang X1, Hunter D2, Xu J3, Ding C4.(PubMed)
(39) [Osteoarthritis. Etiology, typing, staging and histological grading].[Article in German] by Söder S1, Aigner T.(PubMed)
(40) [Typing, grading and staging of osteoarthritis: histopathological assessment of joint degeneration].[Article in German] by Aigner T1, Söder S.(PubMed)
(41) Association of rheumatoid arthritis and primary osteoarthritis with changes in the glycosylation pattern of total serum IgG by Parekh RB, Dwek RA, Sutton BJ, Fernandes DL, Leung A, Stanworth D, Rademacher TW, Mizuochi T, Taniguchi T, Matsuta K, et al.(PubMed)
(42) Abnormal biomechanics of the foot and ankle by Donatelli RA.(PubMed)
(43) Lateral compartment osteoarthritis of the knee: Biomechanics and surgical management of end-stage disease by Scott CE1, Nutton RW, Biant LC.(PubMed)
(44) Are joint injury, sport activity, physical activity, obesity, or occupational activities predictors for osteoarthritis? A systematic review by Richmond SA1, Fukuchi RK, Ezzat A, Schneider K, Schneider G, Emery CA.(PubMed)
(45) The association between joint stress from physical activity and self-reported osteoarthritis: an analysis of the Cooper Clinic data by Rogers LQ1, Macera CA, Hootman JM, Ainsworth BE, Blairi SN.(PubMed)
(46) Why is obesity associated with osteoarthritis? Insights from mouse models of obesity by Griffin TM1, Guilak F.(PubMed)
(47) Diet-induced obesity differentially regulates behavioral, biomechanical, and molecular risk factors forosteoarthritis in mice by Griffin TM1, Fermor B, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Rodriguiz RM, Wetsel WC, Cao L, Setton LA, Guilak F.(PubMed)
(48) Sarcopenia: a histological and immunohistochemical study on age-related muscle impairment. by Tarantino U1, Scimeca M2,3, Piccirilli E4, Tancredi V5, Baldi J4, Gasbarra E4, Bonanno E6.(PubMed)
(49) Age-related changes in the musculoskeletal system and the development of osteoarthritis by Loeser RF1.(PubMed)
(50) Joint injury causes knee osteoarthritis in young adults by Roos EM1.(PubMed)
(51) The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injuries: osteoarthritis. by Lohmander LS1, Englund PM, Dahl LL, Roos EM.(PubMed)
(52) Age-Related Sarcopenia in Humans Is Associated with Reduced Synthetic Rates of Specific Muscle Proteins1,2 by D. N. Proctor, P. Balagopal*, and K. S. Nair*,3(The Journal of Nutrition)
(53) Muscle strength, pain and disability in patients with osteoarthritis by Steultjens MP1, Dekker J, van Baar ME, Oostendorp RA, Bijlsma JW.(PubMed)
(54) Effects of muscle-strength training on the functional status of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joint by Schilke JM1, Johnson GO, Housh TJ, O'Dell JR.(PubMed)
(55) How do sex and gender affect knee OA? By Jennie McKee(AAOS)
(56) Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: sex and gender differences by O'Connor MI1.(PubMed)
(57) [The prevalence of radiological osteoarthritis in relation to age, gender, birth-year cohort, and ethnic origins].[Article in German] by Spahn G1, Schiele R, Hofmann GO, Schiltenwolf M, Grifka J, Vaitl T, Schneider S, Liebers F, Klinger HM.(PubMed)
(58) The genetic epidemiology of osteoarthritis by Valdes AM1, Spector TD.(PubMed)
(59) Clinical significance of bone changes in osteoarthritis, Monitoring Editor: Gerolamo BianchiTuhina Neog(PMC)
(60) Mechanobiology: Cartilage and Chondrocyte edited by J. F. Stoltz
(61) Are joint injury, sport activity, physical activity, obesity, or occupational activities predictors for osteoarthritis? A systematic review. by Richmond SA1, Fukuchi RK, Ezzat A, Schneider K, Schneider G, Emery CA.(PubMed)
(62) Primary osteoarthritis and occupations: a national cross sectional survey of 10 412 symptomatic patients by Rossignol M1, Leclerc A, Hilliquin P, Allaert FA, Rozenberg S, Valat JP, Avouac B, Coste P, Savarieau B, Fautrel B.(PubMed)
(63) Analysis of osteoarthritis in a mouse model of the progeroid human DNA repair syndrome trichothiodystrophy by Botter SM1, Zar M, van Osch GJ, van Steeg H, Dollé ME, Hoeijmakers JH, Weinans H, van Leeuwen JP.(PubMed)
(64) Questions and Answers about Gout(NIH)
(65) Are joints affected by gout also affected by osteoarthritis? by Roddy E1, Zhang W, Doherty M.(PubMed)
(66) Patient compliance in rheumatoid arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and gout by de Klerk E1, van der Heijde D, Landewé R, van der Tempel H, Urquhart J, van der Linden S.(PubMed)
(67) Paget's disease of bone(Wikipedia)
(68) Paget's disease of bone: a review by Colina M1, La Corte R, De Leonardis F, Trotta F.(PubMed)
(69) Septic arthritis complicating hip osteoarthritis by Donell S1, Williamson DM, Scott DL.(PubMed)

The Smoothies for Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy back by Renowned Institutions

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, and Master of nutrients) All right reserved
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Imaging of long term intake of delicious smoothies loved by many with the power of reduced risk and treatment of chronic illness with no one mentions about. In fact, it happens. Epidemiological studies with strong evidences suggested that blueberry oral administration hold a potential with therapeutic values for reduced risk of women who carry the mutation gene and treatment of breast cancer(*).

The curable smoothies are collection of recipes produced from natural sources, including organic fruits and vegetables, and some herbs which have been proven effectively for reduced risk and treatment for diseases and syndromes by scientific research of clinical trials and/or studies.

The finding of foods from natural sources has been a dream of scientists and scholars since ancient time. Socrates Said," Let foods be your medicine and let medicine be your foods". Let all of us all exercise the values of the past wisdom to build a letter living and living health while enjoining these delicious drinks.

Diabetic nephropathy is a form of progressive kidney disease caused by damage to the small veins in the kidneys' glomeruli. According to the Purdue University College of Pharmacy, antihypertensive therapy are recommendations for prevention of nephropathy in diabetic hypertensive patients(**).

The prevention of nephropathy in diabetic hypertensive patients

1. The Smoothie for reduced risk of hypertension 
The smoothie for reduced risk and treatment of  Hypertension

Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)
3/4 cup celery
3/4 cup of apple with peel
1 cup green tea drink 1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams(2 tea bags) of green tea, a slice of ginger and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and set aside for cooling to room temperature)

1. Place the celery, apple with peels, green tea, in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.
3. Serve immediately

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. high blood pressure means raising pressure in your heart. If your blood pressure stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways.
Blood pressure medications have undoubtedly prevented many deaths from heart disease in the past 30 years, but also induced many irreversible adverse effects, including kidney damage.

Diet rich in fruits and vegetable and reduced intake of red meat, saturated fat and trans fat has shown to attenuated risk of hypertension(1). Recent study showed that celery(2) intake used conjunction with berries(3) and green tea(4) may be the potential drink for prevention and treatment of hypertension.

Celery is a species of Apium graveolens, belongings to the family Apiaceae, cultivated all around the globe as a vegetable. According to Chronic administration of hexanic, methanolic, and aqueous-ethanolic extracts of celery seed effectively exhibited an antihypertensive activity in chronic treatment of elevated BP in tested animals(5).

Dr. Dianat M and the research team at the Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences said," hydro-alcoholic celery leaf extract on systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR) and lipid profile in animals' model of hypertension induced by fructose"(6)

3‑n‑butylphthalide (NBP), an phytochemical found in celery seed used in traditional Chinese medicine exhibited significantly antihypertensive and attenuated progression of hypertensive effects through decreased oxidative stress and the expression of pro‑inflammatory cytokines(7).
Apple is the pomaceous fruit of the apple tree, a species of the rose family Rosaceae. It is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. With phytochemical flavonoids, apple and its peel inhibited angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) in promoted the development of high blood pressure, Dr Balasuriya N and Dr. Rupasinghe HP. Suggested(8)According to the Mount Sinai School of Medicine, "Flavonoid (found abundantly in fruits and vegetable)(10) intake has been inversely associated with mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke,..... Lowering blood pressure through increased dietary consumption of dietary antioxidants(such as flavonoid) may decrease the rate of end-organ damage that is secondary to hypertension"(9).

Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Due to its commercial values and health effects, green tea now has been cultivated all over the world in suitable climate.

Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the main polyphenol presence in green tea is best known for its antioxidant and anti inflammatory effect. In animal model, the phytochemical exhibited anti hypertensive and progressive activity through reduction of oxidative stress in paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN), the Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center study showed(11).

Dr. Yarmolinsky J and the research team at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, suggested that, intake of tea are shown to reduce blood pressure in individuals within prehypertensive and hypertensive ranges in the review of all relevant studies published from 1946 to September 27, 2013.(12).

Furthermore, green tea extract (GTE) inhibited the oxidative stress and ingiotensin (Ang) II induces endothelial dysfunction (ED) causes of hypertension through scavenging of superoxide anion generation, the University of Padova, insisted(13).

People who are at increased risk of hypertension due to family history, Diabetic nephropathy,... .....should drink at least one cup daily and people with chronic hypertension should drink the juices at least 3 times a day, depending to digestive toleration.
Change of life style and diet pattern are also recommended.

2. The smoothie for reduced risk and treatment of diabetes
Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)

1 3/4 cup whole food papaya
1/4 tsp cinnamon
1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams(2 tea bags) of green tea, a slice of ginger and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and set aside for cooling to room temperature)
1. Place whole food papaya, cinnamon and green tea drink in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.
3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for reduced risk and treatment of diabetes has encountered many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially the promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in either large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases,diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system

Cinnamon, a kitchen spicy in many cultures, may have gained many believers, including medical professions because of its anti diabetic effect, through regulating the blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic subjects. According to herbalists, intake of 1/4 tsp. in the morning and evening may reduce the blood sugar significantly with little or no adverse effects.

The herb has been use in herbal and traditional medicine as anti-fungal and bacteria level to improve reproductive organ, prevent flatulence and intestinal cramping, treat indigestion, diarrhea, bad breath, headache, migraine, etc.(14).

According to the 2011 statistic from National Diabetes InformationClearinghouse (NDIC), among U.S. residents ages 65 years and older, 10.9 million, or 26.9 percent, had diabetes in 2010, about 215,000 people younger than 20 years had diabetes—type 1 or type 2—in the United States in 2010 and approximately, 1.9 million people ages 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010 in the United States.

In a total of 66 patients with type 2 diabetes study conducted by Xuhui District Central Hospital, showed a significant reduction of blood triglyceride levels in the low-dose group, after 3 months of oral administration(15)

Some researchers suggested that cinnamon extract may improve fasting blood glucose levels and glucose tolerance without altering the insulin secretion, through lower triglyceride and increased liver glycogen content and improved insulin action in liver tissues(16).

Dr. Kim SH and Dr. Choung SY. told PubMed "The effect of cinnamon in significantly increases insulin sensitivity, reduces serum, and hepatic lipids, and improves hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia possibly by regulating the PPAR(in regulation of metabolism (carbohydrate, lipid, protein))-medicated glucose and lipid metabolism"(17)

In support of the above, chromium(Cr) and polyphenols found in cinnamon(Cinnamomon cassia) indicated a improvement of glucose, insulin, cholesterol and HbA1c(Glucose lab test) in patients with type 2 diabetesfollowing Cr supplementation, in a double-blind placebo-controlled study(20).

Unfortunately, according to the Western University of Health Sciences, consumption of cinnamon is associated with a statistically significant decrease in levels of fasting plasma glucose, but insisted that high degree of heterogeneity may limit the ability to apply these results to patient care, due to the unclear preferred dose and duration of therapy(18)

A randomized clinical trial in which 70 Patients with type II diabetesassigned randomly two groups (35 in cinnamon and 35 in placebo group for the testing of the effect of cinnamon on the glucose level in blood, indicated an insignificant effect of using cinnamon on glucose level of diabetic patients and the herb should not be recommended to patients with type II diabetes depending on further studies(19).


People with Type II Diabetes may also be thinking to add whole food papaya into their diet. the recent study suggested(20) ,
The finding not only showed the effectiveness of unripe pawpaw fruit (Carica papaya) in inhibition α-amylase, α-glucosidase, but also induced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner, in rat pancreas(20).
The key enzymes of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, have been linked to onset of type 2 diabetes. Inhibition of these enzymes can significantly reduce the post-prandial increase of blood glucose and have been considered by therapists in use for management of blood glucose level in type 2 diabetic and borderline patients(21).

In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats study, the aqueous extract of leaves of C. papaya administered strongly controlled blood glucose levels(22), through prevention of hepatocyte disruption, as well as accumulation of glycogen and lipids via its hypoglycemic and antioxidant effect(23)


In a new study, conducted by the researchers at the Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, fermented papaya preparation was tested whether it improves dermal wound healing outcomes in adult diabetic mice by preventing the risk of infections(24).
The result was astonishing, the fermentation not only up regulated the Sp1 DNA binding activity(modulating the cellular response to DNA damage) in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but also the protein and mRNA expression of Rac2(regulates a number of cellular functions)(24).

A randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the Cardiac Centre, ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research and Department of Biosciences University of Mauritius, suggested that oral administration of 6g FPP®/day for a period of 14 weeks could improve the general health status of several organs targeted by oxidative stress duringdiabetes and suggested that the supplement may be used in the management the complications of diabetes such as cardiovascular disease, neurological disease and other conditions worsened by overt inflammation and oxidative stress(25).
Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Due to its commercial values and health effects, green tea now has been cultivated all over the world in suitable climate.

Green tea has ling been known for its effect on treatment of diabetes in ancient Chinese literature, probably due to green tea phytochemical polyphenols(26).Dr. Solayman M and the research tea at the Universiti Sains Malaysia said, "Natural products containing high polyphenol levels can control carbohydrate metabolism by various mechanisms, such as protecting and restoring beta-cell integrity, enhancing insulin releasing activity, and increasing cellular glucose uptake"(27).

In a total of 17,413 persons (6727 men and 10,686 women; 49% of the original study population) who were 40 to 65 years of age, daily drinking of green tea reduced risk of diabetes by 33%, especially in women and in overweight men(13).Furthermore, intake of green tea of 150 ml green tea, three times a day for four weeks, has positive effect on insulin resistance and certain lipoproteins in type 2 DM, according to the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science(28).

People who are at increased risk of diabetes due to family history, gene mutation, obesity, Diabetic nephropathy, ....should drink at least one serving daily and people with diabetes should drink no more than 4 servings a day, depending to digestive toleration.
Change of life style and diet pattern are also recommended.

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca


References
(**) Antihypertensive therapy for the prevention of nephropathy in diabetic hypertensive patients by Isaacs AN1,2, Vincent A1,3.(PubMed)
(1) Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and the Incidence of Hypertension in Three Prospective Cohort Studies by Borgi L1, Muraki I2, Satija A2, Willett WC2, Rimm EB2, Forman JP2.(PubMed)
(2) The effect of hydro-alcoholic celery (Apiumgraveolens) leaf extract on cardiovascular parameters and lipid profile in animal model of hypertension induced by fructose by Dianat M1, Veisi A1, Ahangarpour A1, Fathi Moghaddam H1.(PubMed)
(3) Flavonoids from fruit and vegetables: a focus on cardiovascular risk factors by Toh JY1, Tan VM, Lim PC, Lim ST, Chong MF.(PubMed)
(4) Decaffeinated green tea extract improves hypertension and insulin resistance in a rat model of metabolic syndrome by Ihm SH1, Jang SW, Kim OR, Chang K, Oak MH, Lee JO, Lim DY, Kim JH.(PubMed)
(5) Antihypertensive effect of celery seed on rat blood pressure in chronic administration by Moghadam MH1, Imenshahidi M, Mohajeri SA.(PubMed)
(6) The effect of hydro-alcoholic celery (Apiumgraveolens) leaf extract on cardiovascular parameters and lipid profile in animal model of hypertension induced by fructose by Dianat M1, Veisi A1, Ahangarpour A1, Fathi Moghaddam H1.(PubMed)
(7) Protective effect of 3-n-butylphthalide against hypertensive nephropathy in spontaneously hypertensive rats by Zhu J1, Zhang Y1, Yang C1.(PubMed)
(8) Antihypertensive properties of flavonoid-rich apple peel extract by Balasuriya N1, Rupasinghe HP.(PubMed)
(9) Dietary flavonoids and hypertension: is there a link? by Moline J1, Bukharovich IF, Wolff MS, Phillips R.(PubMed)
(10) Antihypertensive effects of the flavonoid quercetin by Perez-Vizcaino F1, Duarte J, Jimenez R, Santos-Buelga C, Osuna A.(PubMed)
(11) Paraventricular Nucleus Infusion of Epigallocatechin-3-O-Gallate Improves Renovascular Hypertension by Yi QY1, Qi J, Yu XJ, Li HB, Zhang Y, Su Q, Shi T, Zhang DM, Guo J, Feng ZP, Wang ML, Zhu GQ, Liu JJ, Shi XL, Kang YM.(PubMed)
(12) Effect of tea on blood pressure for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials by Yarmolinsky J1, Gon G2, Edwards P2.(PubMed)
(13) Prevention of hypertension, cardiovascular damage and endothelial dysfunction with green tea extracts by Antonello M1, Montemurro D, Bolognesi M, Di Pascoli M, Piva A, Grego F, Sticchi D, Giuliani L, Garbisa S, Rossi GP.(PubMed)
(14) @Popular Herbs -Cinnamon
(15) Cinnamon extract improves fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes by Lu T, Sheng H, Wu J, Cheng Y, Zhu J, Chen Y.(PubMed)
(16) Cinnamon extract improves insulin sensitivity in the brain and lowers liver fat in mouse models of obesity by Sartorius T1, Peter A2, Schulz N3, Drescher A2, Bergheim I4, Machann J5, Schick F6, Siegel-Axel D2, Schürmann A3, Weigert C1, Häring HU1, Hennige AM(PubMed)
(17) Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cinnamomi Cassiae (Cinnamon bark) extract in C57BL/Ks db/db mice by Kim SH1, Choung SY.(PubMed)
(18) Cinnamon use in type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis by Allen RW1, Schwartzman E, Baker WL, Coleman CI, Phung OJ.(PubMed)
(19) The Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose of Type II Diabetes Patients by Hasanzade F1, Toliat M2, Emami SA3, Emamimoghaadam Z(PubMed)(7) Inhibition of key enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes and sodium nitroprusside-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas by water-extractable phytochemicals from unripe pawpaw fruit (Carica papaya) by Oboh G, Olabiyi AA, Akinyemi AJ, Ademiluyi AO.(PubMed)
(20) Natural products as alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors and their hypoglycaemic potential in the treatment of diabetes: an update by Tundis R1, Loizzo MR, Menichini F.(PubMed)
(21) Antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of aqueous extract ofCarica papaya Linn. leaves in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by Maniyar Y, Bhixavatimath P.(PubMed)
(22) Hypoglycemic effect of Carica papaya leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Juárez-Rojop IE1, Díaz-Zagoya JC, Ble-Castillo JL, Miranda-Osorio PH, Castell-Rodríguez AE, Tovilla-Zárate CA, Rodríguez-Hernández A, Aguilar-Mariscal H, Ramón-Frías T, Bermúdez-Ocaña DY.(PubMed)
(23) Correction of aberrant NADPH oxidase activity in blood-derived mononuclear cells from type II diabetes mellitus patients by a naturally fermented papaya preparation by Dickerson R1, Deshpande B, Gnyawali U, Lynch D, Gordillo GM, Schuster D, Osei K, Roy S.(PubMed)
(24) Effects of a short term supplementation of a fermented papaya preparation on biomarkers of diabetes mellitus in a randomized Mauritian population by Somanah J1, Aruoma OI, Gunness TK, Kowelssur S, Dambala V, Murad F, Googoolye K, Daus D, Indelicato J, Bourdon E, Bahorun T.(PubMed)
(25) The relationship between green tea and total caffeine intake and risk for self-reported type 2 diabetes among Japanese adults by Iso H1, Date C, Wakai K, Fukui M, Tamakoshi A; JACC Study Group(PubMed)
(26) Polyphenols: Potential Future Arsenals in the Treatment of Diabetes by Solayman M, Ali Y, Alam F, Islam MA, Alam N, Khalil MI, Gan SH1(PubMed)
(27) Polyphenols: Potential Future Arsenals in the Treatment of Diabetes by Solayman M, Ali Y, Alam F, Islam MA, Alam N, Khalil MI, Gan SH1.(PubMed)
(28) The Effect of Green Tea versus Sour Tea on Insulin Resistance, Lipids Profiles and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Clinical Trial by Mozaffari-Khosravi H1, Ahadi Z1, Fallah Tafti M2.(PubMed)

Most Common Diseases of elder: Respiratory Pleural disease: Pleural Plaques - Diseases associated to Asbestos exposure

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                                          Respiratory Disease

Respiratory Disease is defined as medical conditions, affecting the breathing organ and tissues including Inflammatory lung disease, Obstructive lung diseases, Restrictive lung diseases, Respiratory tract infections, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, the nerves and muscles breathing, etc,.

                   Pleural disease: Pleural Plaques

The pleura is a thin tissue covered by a layer of cells (mesothelial cells) that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall.
Pleural plaques is a medical condition as a result of exposure to asbestos that lead to accumulated plagues within the pleural cavity(a). Many diseases such as pneumonia, breast cancer, and heart failure can affect the pleural space.,therefore, it is often a secondary effect of another disease process

             Diseases associated to Asbestos exposure

In the study on the relationships between fiber characteristics and asbestos-related diseases among compensated workers, from data collected between 1988 and 2007 by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ), indicated that most workers (85%) presented chrysotile fibers in their lungs, and respectively 76%, 64%, and 43% had tremolite, amosite, and crocidolite. Half of the total fibers were short, 30% were thin fibers and 20% corresponded to the World Health Organization definition of fibers (length ≥ 5 µm, diameter ≥ 0.2 and <3 µm). Chrysotile fibers were still observed in the lungs of workers 30 years or more after last exposure(17).
According to British Thoracic Society, Other conditions caused by exposure to asbestos, include
1. Asbestosis
Asbestosis is a form of pulmonary fibrosis that is usually progressive. It results in severe respiratory disability and often premature death. It is linked to the cumulative exposure to asbestos and type of asbestos.
2. Bronchial carcinoma
Bronchial carcinoma is also linked with the cumulative exposure to asbestos but it is not clear whether a diagnosis of asbestosis is required before bronchial carcinoma can be attributed to asbestos exposure. The risk of bronchial carcinoma is increased in a multiplicative fashion by tobacco smoking.
3. Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is a malignancy of the pleura or peritoneum with a poor prognosis and with limited therapeutic possibilities. It is strongly associated with length of latency period but also with cumulative exposure.
4. Diffuse pleural thickening
Diffuse pleural thickening is a progressive condition that affects larger confluent areas of pleura than pleuralplaques. This condition sometimes causes respiratory disability.
5. Pleural effusion
Pleural effusion may occur in asbestos-exposed individuals. This can cause dyspnoea and usually requires investigation to look for mesothelioma, bronchial carcinoma or other causes(18).

Tuesday, March 29, 2016

The Smoothie Green tea, Olive and Blueberry for Prevention and Treatment of IgA nephropath, a common form of glomerulonephritis

 Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The curable smoothie for reduced risk and treatment of  IgA nephropath
Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)
1  cup blueberry
1/2  olive
1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams of green tea, a slice of ginger and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and let cool to room temperature)
1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed. Add more green tea drink if needed
3. Serve immediately
The finding the natural ingredients for treatment of  IgA nephropath, a common form of glomerulonephritis is considered as a dream of many scientist to replace the long usage adverse effect of conventional medicine to other organs in the body.
Unfortunately, many compounds found effective in initial studying failed to confirm the potential in large sample size and multi center.

IgA nephropathy is the most common form of glomerulonephritis(an inflammation of the kidneys caused by an immune response) caused by immunoglobulin A (IgA), an antibody protein for our body to fight infections, deposits in the kidneys.
Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Green tea, Olive and Blueberry may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of ( IgA nephropath)glomerulonephritis.

Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Due to its commercial values and health effects, green tea now has been cultivated all over the world in suitable climate. According to Dr.Turner JE, green tea component (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) mediated glomerulonephritis through ameliorates renal inflammation, tissue damage, and loss of renal function(1).
The Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University study, suggested, EGCG pretreatment period significantly attenuated mortality and renal dysfunction in the progression of immune-mediated glomerulonephritis (GN) by targeting redox and inflammatory pathways(2).
Furthermore, the phytochmical also reversed the progression of crescentic GN by targeting multiple signaling and inflammatory pathways and countering oxidative stress(3).

Resveratrol, a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in grape and blueberry reduced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced cell apoptosis, and upregulated heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) in patients with Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN)(4).
The Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy study said, "resveratrol attenuated proteinuria, immunoglobuin depositon in kidney, and glomerulonephritis as well as immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2a in serum in pristane-induced lupus mice"(5).

Omega 3 fatty acids found abundantly in olive might be beneficial for patients with glomerulonephritis through its effects on lipid metabolism, platelet/vessel wall interactions and proteinuria(6) as well as functional status of erythrocyte membrane and probably proximal tubule function(7).

The effectiveness of  Green tea, Olive and Blueberry may serve as cornerstones of pharmaceutical target for further studies in production of a potential medication for reduced risk, complications and treatment of  IgA nephropath(Glomerulonephritis) with little or no adverse effects.

People who are at high risk of  IgA nephropath(Glomerulonephritis) due to aging, weaken renal function... should drink at least one serving daily and people with  IgA nephropath(Glomerulonephritis) should drink no more than 4 servings daily, depending to digestive toleration.
Life style and diet pattern change are necessary.

References
(1) Glomerulonephritis therapy: is there a role for green tea? by Turner JE1.(PubMed)
(2) The green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate ameliorates experimental immune-mediated glomerulonephritis by Peng A1, Ye T, Rakheja D, Tu Y, Wang T, Du Y, Zhou JK, Vaziri ND, Hu Z, Mohan C, Zhou XJ.(PubMed)
(3) Green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate restores Nrf2 activity and ameliorates crescentic glomerulonephritis by Ye T1, Zhen J2, Du Y3, Zhou JK4, Peng A5, Vaziri ND6, Mohan C3, Xu Y7, Zhou XJ8.(PubMed)
(4) Resveratrol ameliorates renal damage, increases expression of heme oxygenase-1, and has anti-complement, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptotic effects in a murine model of membranous nephropathy by Wu CC1, Huang YS2, Chen JS3, Huang CF4, Su SL5, Lu KC6, Lin YF7, Chu P3, Lin SH3, Sytwu HK8.(PubMed)
(5) Resveratrol possesses protective effects in a pristane-induced lupus mouse model by Wang ZL1, Luo XF1, Li MT1, Xu D1, Zhou S1, Chen HZ2, Gao N1, Chen Z1, Zhang LL1, Zeng XF1.(PubMed)
(6) [Effect of treating glomerulonephritis with omega 3 fatty acids for selected parameters of hemostasis, blood platelet function and lipid metabolism].[Article in Polish] by Małyszko JS1, Małyszko J, Pawlak K, Myśliwiec M.(PubMed)
(7) [The effect of administering Omega-3 acids on lipids in serum, functional state of erythrocyte membrane and function of the kidneys in patients with primary glomerulonephritis].[Article in Polish] by Fox J1, Manitius J, Debska-Slizień A, Rutkowski B, Nowak J, Bautembach S, Owczarzak A.(PubMed)

Most Common Diseases of elder: Respiratory Pleural disease: Pleural Plaques - The Complications

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                                          Respiratory Disease

Respiratory Disease is defined as medical conditions, affecting the breathing organ and tissues including Inflammatory lung disease, Obstructive lung diseases, Restrictive lung diseases, Respiratory tract infections, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, the nerves and muscles breathing, etc,.

                   Pleural disease: Pleural Plaques

The pleura is a thin tissue covered by a layer of cells (mesothelial cells) that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall.
Pleural plaques is a medical condition as a result of exposure to asbestos that lead to accumulated plagues within the pleural cavity(a). Many diseases such as pneumonia, breast cancer, and heart failure can affect the pleural space.,therefore, it is often a secondary effect of another disease process.

                           The Complications

1. Dying at a younger age, relatively high ratio of mesothelioma and lung cancer
In the study to review and summarise epidemiological studies, along with other relevant data, and to discuss the potential contribution to environmental risk assessment of Asbestos related diseases from environmental exposure to crocidolite in Da-yao, China, found that dying at a younger age and the relatively high ratio of mesothelioma cases to lung cancer could also be another unique result of lifetime environmental exposure to crocidolite asbestos(10).

2. Bleeding
Although bleeding is the most serious complication of oral anticoagulant treatment, hemothorax is extremely rare. There is a report of a case with localized pleural plaques and spontaneous hemothorax due to warfarin treatment which was improved with medical treatment is presented because of its rarity. The patients recieving oral anticoagulant treatment should be monitorized for effective anticoagulation and adverse effects, if pleural effusion occurs, hemothorax should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis. Pleural pathologies such as pleural plaques or thickening may be risk factors for hemothorax(11).

3. Pleural and parenchymal fibrosis
In the data from the County of Uppsala, Sweden, more than 1600 persons with pleural plaques and/or asbestos-related pleural thickening have been seen at the Uppsala University Hospital during a period of about 15 years, showed that during the observation time, 40 patients developed lesions mainly affecting the upper lobes of the lung. They were all men, 41 to 78-years-old, and all had been occupationally exposed to asbestos. The mean latency time from the first exposure was 34 years. The mean width of the apical pleural thickening was 21 mm. In 21 patients the lesions were on the right side, in 15 they were bilateral, and in only four patients was the left side alone affected. Biopsies from the pleura were available in twelve patients and from the lung parenchyma in eight. The biopsies of the lungs all showed varying degrees of asbestosis and of the pleura nonspecific pleuritis. The lesions tended to progress and in all cases except one they were part of a diffuse pleural and parenchymal fibrosis involving the rest of the lung(12).

4. Pulmonary hypertension
In the study to examine whether exposure to amosite asbestos would affect the pulmonary vasculature and produce pulmonary hypertension, by instilling 5 mg amosite asbestor intratracheally into guinea pigs, after 3 months, the animals also showed airflow obstruction, with air trapping and an upward shift of the pressure-volume curve. There was evidence of emphysema, and the animals were moderately hypoxic. We found no consistent increase in inflammatory cells either in lavage or peripheral blood, and the histamine dose-response curves were similar in control and asbestos-exposed animals at 6 months(13).

5. Asbestos-induced airway disease
In the study to determine whether asbestos-induced changes in the structure of the walls of small airways might be associated with abnormalities of pulmonary function with guinea pigs were given 10 mg of amosite asbestos (test group) or saline (control group) by intratracheal instillation, found that pulmonary function tests performed 6 months later revealed significant increases in FRC, RV, and TLC in the test group. Measurement of airway wall thickness showed that both membranous and respiratory bronchioles were significantly thickened in the test group; this group also had airways of smaller internal diameter than the controls. Analysis for lung collagen content as hydroxyproline showed a 50% increase in the asbestos exposed animals. There was, however, only minimal and very focal interstitial fibrosis (asbestosis) in the lung parenchyma(14).

6. Immune disdorder
Silicosis patients (SILs) and patients who have been exposed to asbestos develop not only respiratory diseases but also certain immunological disorders. According to the study by the Department of Hygiene, Kawasaki Medical School, in particular, SIL sometimes complicates autoimmune diseases such as systemic scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis (known as Caplan syndrome), and systemic lupus erythematoses. In addition, malignant complications such as lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma often occur in patients exposed to asbestos, and may be involved in the reduction of tumor immunity. Although silica-induced disorders of autoimmunity have been explained as adjuvant-type effects of silica, more precise analyses are needed and should reflect the recent progress in immunomolecular findings(15).

7. Cardiovascular disease
Asbestos is an inflammatory agent, and there is evidence that inflammatory processes are involved in the development of cardiovascular disease. According to the study by the Mathematical Sciences Unit, Health and Safety Laboratory, in the analuzing of Cardiovascular disease mortality in a cohort of 98,912 asbestos workers, with median follow-up of 19 years, showed that Altogether 15,557 deaths from all causes, 1053 deaths from cerebrovascular disease and 4185 deaths from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) occurred during follow-up. There was statistically significant excess mortality from cerebrovascular disease (SMR: men 1.63, women 2.04) and IHD (SMR: men 1.39, women 1.89). Job and birth cohort were associated with the risk of cerebrovascular and IHD mortality in the Poisson regression model including sex, age, smoking status, job, cohort and duration of exposure. For IHD only, duration of exposure was also statistically significant in this model(16).

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Most Common Disease of 50plus: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Osteoarthritis: The Symptoms

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)

1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia                      



                                                      Osteoarthritis


Osteoarthritis (OA), a form of arthritis, is defined as a condition of as a result of aging causes of wear and tear on a joint, affecting over 25 million people in the United States in alone. University of Porto Medical School indicated that one must understand the differences in prevalence and incidence estimates of osteoarthritis (OA), according to case definition, in knee, hip and hand joints(3).
The characteristics of osteoarthritis are aching pain(5), stiffness(6), or difficulty of moving the joint or joints(7). The pain usually gets worse in change of weather, at night and in the advanced diseases, the pain can occur even at rest(8). Today management of osteoarthritis (OA) focuses on pain relief and improved physical function through pharmacological, non pharmacological, and surgical treatments(4).

                           The Symptoms



Some researchers classified the severity symptoms of osteoarthritis as follow
1. Pain in joints of the hand
Most commonly affected joints of the hand in osteoarthritis include the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb (CMC 1) and the distal (DIP) andproximal (PIP) interphalangeal joints. may be resulted of
associated of High Bone Mass in Women and Small Bone Size and Low Lean Mass in Men(9), especially for patient with knee osteoarthritis(10).Ageing(11), female gender(12), genotype(13)(14), heavy work(15)(16) have shown to associate to the pain and pressure on the hands, and injuries predispose to osteoarthritis in the hand(17). The pain may be also due to permeability change in the synovial tissue caused by molecules released from the joint cartilage(18)(19).

2. Knee and Hip
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip is among the most frequent arthritic conditions(19). Some researcher suggested that the pathological joint changes in OA include: cartilage destruction by pro-inflammatory cytokines(20), matrix metalloproteinases(21)(22) and prostaglandins(23) in promotion of a catabolic environment(19).


3. Spine
Vertebral deformity, in particular wedging, of the thoracic spine is not exclusively characteristic for osteoporosis(24), but in Europe, it is a marker of vertebral osteoporosis, in different regions and populations(25) and certain vertebral deformities develop by mechanisms other than fracture(26). Osteoporotic fracture of the thoracic spine can induce severe pain in your back, legs, and arms and weakness or numbness in these areas if the fracture injures the nerves of the spine(27)
Osteoarthritis is found to affect the low back can lead to chronic low back pain (lumbago)(28)(29) and degenerative disc disease (spondylosis)(30)(31). Other researchers indicated that postmenopausal women with lumbar spine disc degeneration are as the result of by increased CII degradation(32)(33).


Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/

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Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(1) Prevalence of rheumatic symptoms, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and gout in Shanghai, China: a COPCORD study by Dai SM1, Han XH, Zhao DB, Shi YQ, Liu Y, Meng JM.(PubMed)
(2) Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Elderly by Ramon Gheno, Juan M. Cepparo, Cristina E. Rosca,1 and Anne Cotten(PMC)
(3) The effect of osteoarthritis definition on prevalence and incidence estimates: a systematic review by Pereira D1, Peleteiro B, Araújo J, Branco J, Santos RA, Ramos E.(PubMed)
(4) Effect of therapeutic aquatic exercise on symptoms and function associated with lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review with meta-analysis by Waller B1, Ogonowska-Slodownik A2, Vitor M3, Lambeck J4, Daly D5, Kujala UM6, Heinonen A7.(PubMed)
(5) Effects of therapeutic ultrasound on pain, physical functions and safety outcomes in patients with kneeosteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Zhang C1, Xie Y2, Luo X3, Ji Q3, Lu C3, He C4, Wang P3.(PubMed)
(6) Oral intake of purple passion fruit peel extract reduces pain and stiffness and improves physical function in adult patients with knee osteoarthritis by Farid R1, Rezaieyazdi Z, Mirfeizi Z, Hatef MR, Mirheidari M, Mansouri H, Esmaelli H, Bentley G, Lu Y, Foo Y, Watson RR.(PubMed)
(7) Functional ability, mobility, and pain before and after knee replacement in patients aged 75 and older: a cross-sectional study by Limnell K1, Jämsen E, Huhtala H, Jäntti P, Puolakka T, Jylhä M.(PubMed)
(8) The symptoms of OA and the genesis of pain by David J. Hunter, MBBS PhD,1,2 Jason J. McDougall, BSc PhD,3 and Francis J. Keefe4(PubMed)
(9) Osteoarthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal and First Carpometacarpal Joints is Associated with High Bone Mass in Women and Small Bone Size and Low Lean Mass in Men by von Schewelov T1, Magnusson H1, Cöster M1, Karlsson C1, Rosengren BE1.(PubMed)
(10) Patients with knee osteoarthritis have a phenotype with higher bone mass, higher fat mass, and lower lean body mass by Karlsson MK1, Magnusson H, Cöster M, Karlsson C, Rosengren BE.(PubMed)
(11) Ageing and osteoarthritis: a circadian rhythm connection by Gossan N1, Boot-Handford R, Meng QJ.(PubMed)
(12) Osteoarthritis in Latin America: Study of Demographic and Clinical Characteristics in 3040 Patients by Reginato AM1, Riera H, Vera M, Torres AR, Espinosa R, Esquivel JA, Felipe OJ, Blas JR, Rillo O, Papasidero S, Souto R, Rossi C, Molina JF, Ballesteros F,Radrigan F, Guibert M, Chico A, Gil ML, Camacho W, Urioste L, Garcia AK, Iraheta I, Gutierrez CE, Duarte M, Castañeda O, Coimbra I, Muñoz Louis R, Reveille J, Quintero M; Pan-American League of Associations for Rheumatology (PANLAR) Osteoarthritis Study Group.(PubMed)
(13) Vitamin D receptor genotype is associated with radiographic osteoarthritis at the knee by Uitterlinden AG1, Burger H, Huang Q, Odding E, Duijn CM, Hofman A, Birkenhäger JC, van Leeuwen JP, Pols HA.(PubMed)
(14) Estrogen receptor alpha genotype is associated with a reduced prevalence of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in elderly Caucasian women by Lian K1, Lui L, Zmuda JM, Nevitt MC, Hochberg MC, Lee JM, Li J, Lane NE.(PubMed)
(15) Knee osteoarthritis: influence of work involving heavy lifting, kneeling, climbing stairs or ladders, or kneeling/squatting combined with heavy lifting by Jensen LK1.(PubMed)
(16) Hip osteoarthritis: influence of work with heavy lifting, climbing stairs or ladders, or combining kneeling/squatting with heavy lifting by Jensen LK1.(PubMed)
(17) [Osteoarthritis of the thumb and fingers].[Article in Finnish] by Waris E1, Waris V, Konttinen YT.(PubMed)
(18) Role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis: latest findings and interpretation by Jeremy Sokolove and Christin M. Lepus(PMC)
(19) Osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. Part I: aetiology and pathogenesis as a basis for pharmacotherapy. by Adatia A1, Rainsford KD, Kean WF.(PubMed)
(20) CNI-1493, an inhibitor of proinflammatory cytokines, retards cartilage destruction in rats with collagen induced arthritis. by Larsson E1, Harris HE, Palmblad K, Månsson B, Saxne T, Klareskog L.(PubMed)
(21) Effective knock down of matrix metalloproteinase-13 by an intra-articular injection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) in a murine surgically-induced osteoarthritis model. by Akagi R1, Sasho T, Saito M, Endo J, Yamaguchi S, Muramatsu Y, Mukoyama S, Akatsu Y, Katsuragi J, Fukawa T, Takahashi K.(PubMed)
(22) Knee loading reduces MMP13 activity in the mouse cartilage by Hamamura K, Zhang P, Zhao L, Shim JW, Chen A, Dodge TR, Wan Q, Shih H, Na S, Lin CC, Sun HB, Yokota H1.(PubMed)
(23) [Prostaglandin E₂: innovative approaches for tissue engineering of articular cartilage].[Article in German] by Brochhausen-Delius C1.(PubMed)
(24) Aging of the thoracic spine: distinction between wedging in osteoarthritis and fracture in osteoporosis--a cross-sectional and longitudinal study by Abdel-Hamid Osman A1, Bassiouni H, Koutri R, Nijs J, Geusens P, Dequeker J.(PubMed)
(25) The prevalence of vertebral deformity in european men and women: the European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study by O'Neill TW1, Felsenberg D, Varlow J, Cooper C, Kanis JA, Silman AJ.(PubMed)
(26) Vertebral Fracture Initiative Part II Radiological Assessment of Vertebral Fracture Authored by: Judith E Adams1 , Leon Lenchik2 , Christian Roux3 and Harry K. Genant4(International Osteoporosis Foundation)
(27) A Patient's Guide to Thoracic Compression Fractures(University of Maryland Medical Center)
(28) [Comparison of the effect of laser and magnetic therapy for pain level and the range of motion of the spine of people with osteoarthritis lower back].[Article in Polish] by Zdrodowska B1, Leszczyńska-Filus M1, Leszczyński R1, Błaszczyk J2.(PubMed)
(29) Development of an Experimental Animal Model for Lower Back Pain by Percutaneous Injury-Induced Lumbar Facet Joint Osteoarthritis. by Kim JS1,2, Ahmadinia K2,3, Li X2, Hamilton JL2, Andrews S4, Haralampus CA2, Xiao G2,5, Sohn HM6, You JW6, Seo YS7, Stein GS8, Van Wijnen AJ9, Kim SG10, Im HJ2,3,11,12,13.(PubMed)
(30) Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis, lumbar spondylosis, and osteoporosis in Japanese men and women: the research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability study by Yoshimura N1, Muraki S, Oka H, Mabuchi A, En-Yo Y, Yoshida M, Saika A, Yoshida H, Suzuki T, Yamamoto S, Ishibashi H, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Akune T.(PubMed)
(31) Association of occupational activity with radiographic knee osteoarthritis and lumbar spondylosis in elderly patients of population-based cohorts: a large-scale population-based study. by Muraki S1, Akune T, Oka H, Mabuchi A, En-Yo Y, Yoshida M, Saika A, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi H, Yoshimura N.(PubMed)
(32) Association between spine disc degeneration and type II collagen degradation in postmenopausal women: the OFELY study by Garnero P1, Sornay-Rendu E, Arlot M, Christiansen C, Delmas PD.(PubMed)
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The Tasty Green Tea, Grape and Peppermint Herbal Tea for Prevention and Treatment of Hypoalbuminemia

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The smoothie for prevention and treatment of  Hypoalbuminemia
Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)

1 1/2 cups grape
1/2 cup peppermint herbal tea
1/2 cup green tea drink (Make from 2 grams of green tea and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and let cool to room temperature)

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.
3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for treatment of Hypoalbuminemia has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Green Tea, Grape and Peppermint Herbal Tea may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of Hypoalbuminemia.

Hypoalbuminemia is a health condition with extreme low buminemia, a major protein in the human body which plays an important role in regulated colloidal osmotic pressure of blood. According to the Los Angeles Biomedical Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, a short-term in-center nutritional intervention significantly improve levels of albuminemia in hypoalbuminemic MHD patients(1).
Persistent hypoalbuminemia may worsen the activity and increase oxidative cell damage. in chronic hemodialysis patients(2).
In fact, patients with hypoalbuminaemia are associated to increased expression of pro inflammatory cytokines and significantly correlate with low level of serum albumin, according to the cross-sectional study was performed on 76 Japanese PD patients(3).
Green tea, the powerful and natural agent not only has exhibited more efficacious than dexamethasone an established anti-inflammatory drug(4) but also increased levels of albuminemia through its anti inflammatory effects, according to Dr. Victor R. Preedy(5).

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound and antioxidant present in grapes and blueberry. According to Dr. Nihei T and professors at the Tokyo Noko University, resveratrol may be a potent anti-glomerulonephritic food factor capable of suppressing hypoalbuminemia through it effects in reduced urinary protein excretion and increased serum albumin concentration(6).
Furthermore, Liverubin (standardized silymarin (peppermint)) expressed significant anti mild, temporary hepatic failure (MTHF) induced decreased levels of albumin and other aspects after 4 weeks of application(7).

The effectiveness of Green Tea, Grape and Peppermint Herbal Tea may serve as cornerstones of pharmaceutical target for further studies in production of a potential medication for prevention and treatment of albuminuria with little or no adverse effects.

People who are at high risk of Hypoalbuminemia due to aging, weaken reno function... should drink at least one serving daily and People with Hypoalbuminemiashould drink no more than 4 servings daily, depending to digestive toleration.

Life style and diet pattern change are necessary.



References
(1) An anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutritional supplement for hypoalbuminemic hemodialysis patients: a pilot/feasibility study by Kalantar-Zadeh K1, Braglia A, Chow J, Kwon O, Kuwae N, Colman S, Cockram DB, Kopple JD.(PubMed)
(2) Hypoalbuminemia accelerates erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation in chronic hemodialysis patients by Soejima A1, Matsuzawa N, Miyake N, Karube M, Fukuoka K, Nakabayashi K, Kitamoto K, Nagasawa T.(PubMed)
(3) Inflammatory factors for hypoalbuminemia in Japanese peritoneal dialysis patients by Shioya M1, Yoshida T, Kasai K, Furuya R, Kato A, Mori N, Matsumoto Y, Kumagai H.(PubMed)
(4) Different types of tea products attenuate inflammation induced in Trypanosoma brucei infected mice by Karori SM1, Ngure RM, Wachira FN, Wanyoko JK, Mwangi JN.(PubMed)
(5) Tea in Health and Disease Preventionedited by Victor R. Preedy
(6) Inhibitory effect of resveratrol on proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia in nephritic rats by Nihei T1, Miura Y, Yagasaki K.(PubMed)