The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: TCM Herbal Medicine for Kidney Yang deficiency -Panax ginseng

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovascular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cancer(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasingaltered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).


Management and Treatment according to Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective

While conventional medicine focus of using synthetic medication to induce ovulation and assisted artificial insemination for infertility couple, if the medicine fail, traditional Chinese medicine views polycystic ovarian syndrome in different approaches.

Polycystic ovary syndrome, according to traditional Chinese medicine is a medical condition characterized by accumulative of fluid over a prolonged period of time causes of dampness and phlegms(1247a)(1247b) build up on the ovaries due to the effects of vary differentiations, affecting not only the women’s menstrual cycle, but also ovulation and fertility(1247a)(1247b).

Depending to differentiation, most common diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome can be classified into              

                           Kidney yang deficiency

Along with common symptoms mentioned above, women with PCOs diagnosed with kidney yang deficiency may also experience yang vacuity induced cold expressive syndrome, including
lumbago, cold limbs, fatigue, cold aversion, feverish sensation in chest, palms and soles(1573),
difficulty in urination, enuresis, incontinence, declining libido and edema(1574) as a result of kidneys no longer perform their function in store fluid to moister and warm the body for healthy function in the body's organs and tissues, inducing adrenal insufficient chronic lower back pain(1575)(1580), depression(1575), hypothyroidism(1579)(1575), nephritis(1578)(1575), ...(1575), leading to failure in transform damp heat expression, promoted accentuation of inflammatory development of phlegm(1583).
Kidney yang deficiency has shown to alter carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms (free fatty acids, 1-monolinoleoylglycerol, and cholesterol), gut microbiota metabolism (indole-3-propionic acid), indued anovulatory infertility( 1581) and hypertension(1582) of which related to symptoms of PCOs(1576)(1577).

Herbal medicine for kidney yang deficiency

5. Panax ginseng(Ren Shen)(1779)
Ren Shen is also known as Ginseng, panax ginseng. The smells aromatic, tastes sweet and slightly warm herbs had been used in TCM as improved immune system(1781)(1782), anti cancer(1783)(1784)(1785), anti aging(1786)(1787), anti stress(1788)(1789), antioxidant(1790)(1791), anti inflammatory(1792)(1793),...... agent and to generate body liquids and allay thirst(1794), treat
nervous disorders(1794)(1795)(1796), anemia(1797)(1798), dyspnoea(1799)(1800), forgetfulness(1801) and confusion(1802), decreased libido(1803)(1804), chronic fatigue(1805)(1806), angina(1807), nausea and vomiting(1808),......as it strongly tonifies original qi, the spleen and lungs, by enhancing the functions of spleen and lung channels(1780).

Chemical constituents(1779)(1780)
1. Saponins
2. Panaxynol
3. Ginsenyne
4. Alpha pansinsene
5. Beta pansinsene
6. Beta farnesene
7. Bicyclogermacrene
8. Beta elemene
9. Gama elemene
10. Alpha neodovene
11. Beta neodovene
12. Alpha humulene
13. Beta humulene
14. Ccaryophyllene
15. Beta gurjunene
16. Alpha gurjunene
17. Alpha selinene
18. Beta selinene
19. Gama selinene
20. Selin-4, alpha guaiene
21. Gama cubebene
22. Beta patchoulene
23. Hepatadecanol-1
24. Etc.

Epidemiological literature found in data base of PubMed also suggested that panax ginseng also processes anti metabolic syndrome(1809)(1810)(1811), through its effect on insulin resistance(1812)(1813), fasting blood glucose(1814)(1815), hyperglycemia(1816)(1817), hyperlipidemia(1818)(1819)(1820), hypertension(1821)(1822), weight control(1823) and obesity(1823)(1824)(1825),.....as well as reducing risk of diabetes(1827)(1826)(1828) and cardiovascular disease(1829)(1830)(1831).
According to the research article dated 29 April 2014, the king of the herb has also found effectively for treatment of infertility of both sexes, including women with Polycystic ovary syndrome through lowering high numbers of antral follicles and increased the number of corpora lutea in the polycystic ovaries(1832).

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References
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(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O1.(PubMed)
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(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E1.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E1, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(1246) [Clinical study of area of Jiangsu province of polycystic ovarian syndrome correlation distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type and improper diet]. [Article in Chinese] by Feng Y, Gao YP.(PubMed)
(1247) [Preliminary study on relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom of ovulatory disorder infertility based on factor analysis]. [Article in Chinese] by Li M, Ma K, Shan, J.(PubMed)
(1247a) A Comprehensive Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) byLiqin Zhao

(1779) Chinese Herbs – Ren Shen (Radix Ginseng) by Kyle J. Norton
(1780) ren shen (ginseng)(Complementary and Alternative Healing University)
(1781) Ginseng, the 'Immunity Boost': The Effects of Panax ginseng on Immune System by Kang S1, Min H.(PubMed)
(1782) [Comparative study of main components of ginseng on immune function of rats]. [Article in Chinese] by Jia ZY, Xie X, Wang XY, Jia W.(PubMed)
(1783) Ginsenoside Rp1 from Panax ginseng exhibits anti-cancer activity by down-regulation of the IGF-1R/Akt pathway in breast cancer cells by Kang JH1, Song KH, Woo JK, Park MH, Rhee MH, Choi C, Oh SH.(PubMed)
(1784) In vitro anti-cancer activity and structure-activity relationships of natural products isolated from fruits of Panax ginseng by Wang W1, Zhao Y, Rayburn ER, Hill DL, Wang H, Zhang R.(PubMed)
(1785) Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of 25-hydroxyprotopanaxadiol, an anti-cancer compound isolated from Panax ginseng, in athymic mice bearing xenografts of human pancreatic tumors by Hao M1, Wang W, Zhao Y, Zhang R, Wang H.(PubMed)
(1786) Ginsenoside Rg1 prevents cognitive impairment and hippocampus senescence in a rat model of D-galactose-induced aging. Zhu J1, Mu X1, Zeng J2, Xu C1, Liu J1, Zhang M1, Li C1, Chen J3, Li T3, Wang Y1.(PubMed)
(1787) [Research of anti-aging mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 on brain]. [Article in Chinese] by Li CP, Zhang MS, Liu J, Geng S, Li J, Zhu JH, Zhang YY, Jia YY, Wang L, Wang SH, Wang YP.(PubMed)
(1788) Anti-stress effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng: a comparative study by Rai D1, Bhatia G, Sen T, Palit G.(PubMed)
(1789) [The anti-stress effect of saponins extracted from panax ginseng fruit and the hypophyseal-adrenal system (author's transl)]. [Article in Chinese] by Zhang SC, Jiang XL.(PubMed)
(1790) Antioxidant effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial by Kim HG1, Yoo SR, Park HJ, Lee NH, Shin JW, Sathyanath R, Cho JH, Son CG.(PubMed)
(1791) Panax ginseng reduces oxidative stress and restores antioxidant capacity in aged rats by Ramesh T1, Kim SW, Hwang SY, Sohn SH, Yoo SK, Kim SK.(PubMed)
(1792) Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer G115 modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mice throughout the increase of macrophage toll-like receptor 4 expression during physical stress by Pannacci M1, Lucini V, Colleoni F, Martucci C, Grosso S, Sacerdote P, Scaglione F.(PubMed)
(1793) Panax Potential analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Panax ginseng head butanolic fraction in animals by Lee JH1, Lee JH, Lee YM, Kim PN, Jeong CS.(PubMed)
(1794) Treatment with ginseng total saponins improves the neurorestoration of rat after traumatic brain injury by Hu BY1, Liu XJ2, Qiang R3, Jiang ZL4, Xu LH1, Wang GH1, Li X1, Peng B1.(PubMed)
(1795) [Advance in studies of Panax notoginseng saponins on pharmacological mechanism of nervous system disease]. [Article in Chinese] by Su P, Wang L, Du SJ, Xin WF, Zhang WS.(PubMed)
(1796) Neuroprotective effect of pseudoginsenoside-f11 on a rat model of Parkinson's disease induced by 6-hydroxydopamine by Wang JY1, Yang JY1, Wang F1, Fu SY1, Hou Y1, Jiang B1, Ma J1, Song C1, Wu CF1.(PubMed)
(1797) The haematopoietic effect of Panax japonicus on blood deficiency model mice by Zhang H1, Wang HF2, Liu Y3, Huang LJ3, Wang ZF4, Li Y5.(PubMed)
(1798) [Effect of Panax notoginsenosides on the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cells in mice with immune-mediated aplastic anemia]. [Article in Chinese] by Gai Y1, Gao RL, Niu YP.(PubMed)

(1799) Korean ginseng-induced occupational asthma and determination of IgE binding components by Kim KM1, Kwon HS, Jeon SG, Park CH, Sohn SW, Kim DI, Kim SS, Chang YS, Kim YK, Cho SH, Min KU, Kim YY.(PubMed)
(1800) [Acute massive pulmonary embolism in a patient using clavis panax]. [Article in Turkish] by Yüksel IO1, Arslan S, Cağırcı G, Yılmaz A.(PubMed)
(1801) Effect of Memo®, a natural formula combination, on Mini-Mental State Examination scores in patients with mild cognitive impairment by Yakoot M1, Salem A, Helmy S.(PubMed)
(1802) Evaluation of the ergogenic properties of ginseng: an update by Bahrke MS1, Morgan WR.(PubMed)
(1803) [Treatment with carnitine, acetyl carnitine, L-arginine and ginseng improves sperm motility and sexual health in men with asthenopermia]. [Article in Italian] by Morgante G1, Scolaro V, Tosti C, Di Sabatino A, Piomboni P, De Leo V.(PubMed)
(1804) Effects of Korean red ginseng on sexual arousal in menopausal women: placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover clinical study by Oh KJ1, Chae MJ, Lee HS, Hong HD, Park K.(PubMed)
(1805) Antifatigue effects of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial by Kim HG1, Cho JH, Yoo SR, Lee JS, Han JM, Lee NH, Ahn YC, Son CG.(PubMed)
(1806) High-Dose Asian Ginseng (Panax Ginseng) for Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Preliminary Report by Yennurajalingam S1, Reddy A2, Tannir NM3, Chisholm GB4, Lee RT5, Lopez G5, Escalante CP6, Manzullo EF6, Frisbee Hume S2, Williams JL2, Cohen L5, Bruera E2.(PubMed)
(1807) 16 cases of coronary angina pectoris treated with powder composed of radix ginseng, radix notoginseng and succinum by Yuan J1, Guo W, Yang B, Liu P, Wang Q, Yuan H.(PubMed)
(1808) Effects of Korean red ginseng extract on cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting by Kim JH1, Yoon IS, Lee BH, Choi SH, Lee JH, Lee JH, Jeong SM, Kim SC, Park CK, Lee SM, Nah SY.(PubMed)
(1809) Effects of Korean Red Ginseng on Cardiovascular Risks in Subjects with Metabolic Syndrome: a Double-blind Randomized Controlled Study by Park BJ1, Lee YJ, Lee HR, Jung DH, Na HY, Kim HB, Shim JY.(PubMed)
(1810) Vinegar-processed ginseng radix improves metabolic syndrome induced by a high fat diet in ICR mice by Yun SN1, Ko SK, Lee KH, Chung SH(PubMed)
(1811) Traditional chinese medicine in treatment of metabolic syndrome by Yin J1, Zhang H, Ye J.(PubMed)
(1812) Amelioration of insulin resistance by Rk1 + Rg5 complex under endoplasmic reticulum stress conditions by Ponnuraj SP1, Siraj F1, Kang S1, Noh HY1, Min JW1, Kim YJ1, Yang DC1.(PubMed)
(1813) Improvement of insulin resistance by panax ginseng in fructose-rich chow-fed rats by Liu TP1, Liu IM, Cheng JT.(PubMed)
(1814) The effect of ginseng (the genus panax) on glycemic control: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials by Shishtar E1, Sievenpiper JL2, Djedovic V1, Cozma AI1, Ha V1, Jayalath VH1, Jenkins DJ3, Meija SB1, de Souza RJ4, Jovanovski E1, Vuksan V3.(PubMed)
(1815) Postprandial glucose-lowering effects of fermented red ginseng in subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial by Oh MR, Park SH, Kim SY, Back HI, Kim MG, Jeon JY, Ha KC, Na WT, Cha YS, Park BH, Park TS1, Chae SW.(PubMed)
(1816) Anti-hyperglycemic effect of fermented ginseng in type 2 diabetes mellitus mouse model by Jeon WJ1, Oh JS, Park MS, Ji GE.(PubMed)
(1817) Anti-hyperglycemic effects of ginseng: comparison between root and berry by Dey L1, Xie JT, Wang A, Wu J, Maleckar SA, Yuan CS.(PubMed)
(1818) Anti-atherogenic action of panax ginseng in rats and in patients with hyperlipidemia by Yamamoto M1, Kumagai A.(PubMed)
(1819) Serum HDL-cholesterol-increasing and fatty liver-improving actions of Panax ginseng in high cholesterol diet-fed rats with clinical effect on hyperlipidemia in man by Yamamoto M, Uemura T, Nakama S, Uemiya M, Kumagai A.(PubMed)
(1820) Orally administered ginseng extract reduces serum total cholesterol and triglycerides that induce fatty liver in 66% hepatectomized rats by Cui X1, Sakaguchi T, Ishizuka D, Tsukada K, Hatakeyama K.(PubMed)
(1821) Effect of panax notoginseng saponins injection on the p38MAPK pathway in lung tissue in a rat model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by Zhao S1, Zheng MX, Chen HE, Wu CY, Wang WT.(PubMed)
(1822) Negligible pharmacokinetic interaction of red ginseng and antihypertensive agent amlodipine in Sprague-Dawley rats by Ryu SH1, Kim JW, Kim YS, Lee SH, Cho YB, Lee HK, Kim YG, Jeong WS, Kim KB.(PubMed)
(1823) Effect of ginsam, a vinegar extract from Panax ginseng, on body weight and glucose homeostasis in an obese insulin-resistant rat model by Lim S1, Yoon JW, Choi SH, Cho BJ, Kim JT, Chang HS, Park HS, Park KS, Lee HK, Kim YB, Jang HC.(PubMed)
(1824) Weight gain reduction in mice fed Panax ginseng saponin, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor by Karu N1, Reifen R, Kerem Z.(PubMed)
(1825) Anti-obesity effects of chikusetsusaponins isolated from Panax japonicus rhizomes by Han LK1, Zheng YN, Yoshikawa M, Okuda H, Kimura Y.(PubMed)
(1826) Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng) improves insulin sensitivity and attenuates the development of diabetes in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty rats by Lee HJ1, Lee YH, Park SK, Kang ES, Kim HJ, Lee YC, Choi CS, Park SE, Ahn CW, Cha BS, Lee KW, Kim KS, Lim SK, Lee HC.(PubMed)
(1827) Ginseng modifies the diabetic phenotype and genes associated with diabetes in the male ZDF rat by Banz WJ1, Iqbal MJ, Bollaert M, Chickris N, James B, Higginbotham DA, Peterson R, Murphy L.(PubMed)
(1828) Antidiabetic effects of malonyl ginsenosides from Panax ginseng on type 2 diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin by Liu Z1, Li W, Li X, Zhang M, Chen L, Zheng YN, Sun GZ, Ruan CC.(PubMed)
(1829) Ginseng extracts restore high-glucose induced vascular dysfunctions by altering triglyceride metabolism and downregulation of atherosclerosis-related genes by Chan GH1, Law BY, Chu JM, Yue KK, Jiang ZH, Lau CW, Huang Y, Chan SW, Ying-Kit Yue P, Wong RN.(PubMed)
(1830) Merit of ginseng in the treatment of heart failure in type 1-like diabetic rats by Tsai CC1, Chan P2, Chen LJ3, Chang CK4, Liu Z5, Lin JW4.(PubMed)
(1831) Ginseng is useful to enhance cardiac contractility in animals by Lin JW1, Cherng YG2, Chen LJ3, Niu HS4, Chang CK1, Niu CS4.(PubMed)

(1832) Herbal Ginseng and Infertility by Kyle J. Norton.

Phytochemicals in Foods - The Effects of α-Carotene

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                              α-Carotene 


α-Carotene is a phytochemincal in the class of Carotenes, belonging to the group of Carotenoids (tetraterpenoids), found abundantly in carrots, pumpkins, maize, tangerine, orange, etc.

Health Benefits
1. head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)
In the comparison of plasma carotenoids (i.e., biomarkers of fruits and vegetables intake) and tocopherols in 29 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients
found that a significant positive association between postradiotherapy plasma carotenoids (lutein, alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene) and progression-free survival in these patients. This study indicates that increasing postradiotherapy plasma carotenoid concentration may reduce risk of premature death or recurrence of tumor in HNSCC patients, according to "Postradiotherapy plasma lutein,alpha-carotene, and beta-carotene are positively associated with survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma" by Sakhi AK, Bøhn SK, Smeland S, Thoresen M, Smedshaug GB, Tausjø J, Svilaas A, Karlsen A, Russnes KM, Svilaas T, Blomhoff R.(1)

2. Alzheimer's disease
In the determination of an association between vascular comorbidities/vascular risk factors and plasma levels of antioxidant micronutrients in patients with AD.Patients. A neuropsychological assessment (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE; Clock drawing test; DemTect) and the measurement of plasma levels of lipophilic micronutrients including retinol (vitamin A), α-tocopherol (vitamin E), lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, α-carotene and β-carotene by HPLC found that the depletion of circulating antioxidant micronutrients observed in AD  patients is associated with vascular comorbidities and risk factors. The vascular comorbidities of patients with AD should also be identified in light of the presence and degree of depletion of the antioxidant defense system of the organism. This might lead to a better lifestyle-related counselling of patients with AD  and their caregivers, with possible positive preventive effects on worsening in the long run, according to "[Influence of vascular comorbidities on the antioxidant defense system in Alzheimer's disease].[Article in German]" by Polidori MC, Stahl W, De Spirt S, Pientka L.(2)

3. Age-related macular degeneration
In the investigation of the association between serum concentrations of carotenoids and the presence of AMD was evaluated in a case-control sample of elderly Chinese subjects, found that Serum levels of carotenoids and retinol were significantly lower in the cases with exudative AMD than in the controls. Median levels of lutein and zeaxanthin were 0.538 and 0.101 μM, respectively, in the control subjects, and 0.488 and 0.076 μM, respectively, in cases with exudative AMD. After adjustment for age, sex, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI), a significant inverse association was observed for exudative AMD with serum zeaxanthin (relative risk ratio [RRR], 0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0-0.35), lycopene (RRR, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.1-0.48), and α-carotene (RRR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12-0.51). Early AMD was inversely associated only with lycopene (RRR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.28-0.86) but was positively associated with α-carotene (RRR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.37-3.58). No significant associations were observed between serum lutein and cases with early or exudative AMD, according to "Serum carotenoids and risk of age-related macular degeneration in a chinese population sample" by Zhou H, Zhao X, Johnson EJ, Lim A, Sun E, Yu J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Snellingen T, Shang F, Liu N.(3)

4. Mortality risk
In the investigation of to whether serum carotenoid concentrations predict mortality among US adults. The study consisted of adults aged ≥20 years enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988 to 1994, with measured serum carotenoids and mortality follow-up through 2006 (N = 13,293), indicated that in a random survival forest analysis, very low lycopene was the carotenoid most strongly predictive of all-cause mortality, followed by very low total carotenoids. α-Carotene/β-cryptoxanthin, α-carotene/lutein+zeaxanthin and lycopene/lutein+zeaxanthin interactions were significantly related to all-cause mortality (P < .05). Low α-carotene was the only carotenoid associated with cardiovascular disease mortality (P = .002). No carotenoids were significantly associated with cancer mortality, according to "Low-serum carotenoid concentrations and carotenoid interactions predict mortality in US adults: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey" by Shardell MD, Alley DE, Hicks GE, El-Kamary SS, Miller RR, Semba RD, Ferrucci L.(4)

5. Metabolic syndrome
In the examination of the association between serum antioxidant status and MetS. NHANES 2001-2006 cross-sectional data among adults aged 20-85 y were analyzed (n = 3008-9099). MetS was defined with the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) and also by elevated homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and hyperuricemia, found that Serum antioxidants included retinol, retinyl esters, carotenoids [α-carotene, β-carotene (cis+trans), β-cryptoxanthin, lutein+zeaxanthin, total lycopene], vitamin E, and vitamin C. MetS (NCEP ATP III) prevalence in U.S. adults was 32.0% among men and 29.5% among women. Adults with MetS had consistently lower serum carotenoid concentrations compared with those without MetS, even after controlling for total cholesterol and TG among other potential confounders, according to "Serum antioxidant status is associated with metabolic syndrome among U.S. adults in recent national surveys" by Beydoun MA, Shroff MR, Chen X, Beydoun HA, Wang Y, Zonderman AB.(5)

6. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
In the assessment of the role of vitamins, as assessed either by food frequency questionnaires or measured in serum levels, have been reported to improve pulmonary function, reduce exacerbations and improve symptoms, found that various vitamins (vitamin C, D, E, A, beta and alpha carotene) are associated with improvement in features of COPD such as symptoms, exacerbations and pulmonary function. High vitamin intake would probably reduce the annual decline of FEV1, according to "A systematic review of the role of vitamin insufficiencies and supplementation in COPD" by Tsiligianni IG, van der Molen T.(6)

7. Antiproliferation effect
In the evaluation of a preparative column chromatographic method for isolation of carotenoids and chlorophylls from Gynostemma pentaphyllum, a traditional Chinese herb for their antiproliferative effects on the hepatoma cell Hep3B, found that both carotenoid (all-trans- and cis-isomers of lutein, α-carotene, and β-carotene as well as epoxy-containing carotenoids) and chlorophyll fractions as well as lutein and chlorophyll a standards at 50-100 μg/mL were effective against Hep3B cells with a dose-dependent response with the following order: carotenoid fraction > chlorophyll fraction > lutein > chlorophyll a. For all treatments, the cell cycle was arrested in the G₀/G₁ phase, with Hep3B cells undergoing necrosis or apoptosis, according to "Preparation of carotenoids and chlorophylls from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino and their antiproliferation effect on hepatoma cell" by Tsai YC, Wu WB, Chen BH.(7)

8. Squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL)
In the assessment of a nested case-control study of 265 HPV-positive women (93 SIL cases and 172 cytologically normal controls) in the Ludwig-McGill Cohort Study, São Paulo, Brazil, found that higher reported consumption of papaya was inversely associated with risk of SIL (p trend=0.01) and strongest for >or=1 time/week (adjusted odds ratios (AORs)=0.19; 95%CI, 0.08-0.49). Risk of SIL was reduced among women reporting consumption of oranges >or=1 time/week (AOR=0.32; 95%CI, 0.12-0.87; p-trend=0.02). Nutrient intakes of ss-cryptoxanthin and alpha-carotene were marginally protective against SIL, according to "Dietary consumption of antioxidant nutrients and risk of incident cervical intraepithelial neoplasia" by Siegel EM, Salemi JL, Villa LL, Ferenczy A, Franco EL, Giuliano AR.(8)

9. Gastric cancer
In the consideration of several micronutrients and minerals in an Italian case-control study conducted between 1997 and 2007, including 230 patients with incident, histologically confirmed gastric cancer and 547 matched controls, admitted with acute conditions,
found that decreased ORs for the highest versus lowest quartile of vitamin E (OR=0.50), alpha-carotene (OR=0.52) and beta-carotene (OR=0.42) intake. Gastric cancer was directly associated with sodium, with ORs of 2.22 for the second, 2.56 for the third and 2.46 for the fourth quartile of intake. No significant relation emerged with iron, calcium, potassium, zinc, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin D, retinol, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene and lutein plus zeaxanthin, according to "Dietary intake of selected micronutrients and gastric cancer risk: an Italian case-control study" by Pelucchi C, Tramacere I, Bertuccio P, Tavani A, Negri E, La Vecchia C.(9)

10. Pancreatic carcinogenesis
In the consideration of the role of 15 selected vitamins and carotenoids and 6 minerals on pancreatic cancer risk in an Italian case-control study, found that comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of intake, the OR were 0.60 (95% CI 0.36-0.98) for vitamin E, 0.44 (95% CI 0.27-0.73) for vitamin C, 0.56 (95% CI 0.34-0.93) for folate, and 0.57 (95% CI 0.35-0.92) for potassium. No significant inverse associations were observed for α-carotene (OR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.43-1.12), β-carotene (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.39-1.06), and β-cryptoxanthin (OR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.39-1.09). No relation was found for other micronutrients considered. Our findings support a favorable role of vitamins E and C, selected carotenoids, and folate on pancreatic carcinogenesis, according to "Dietary intake of selected micronutrients and the risk of pancreatic cancer: an Italian case-control study" by Bravi F, Polesel J, Bosetti C, Talamini R, Negri E, Dal Maso L, Serraino D, La Vecchia C.(10)

11. Benign prostatic hyperplasia
In the analyzing the relationship between surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and intake of selected micronutrients, found that the risk of BPH significantly decreased with increasing intake of carotene (OR=0.80 for an increment equal to the difference between the 80th and 20th percentile of intake),alpha-carotene (OR=0.83), beta-carotene (OR=0.82), and cis beta-carotene (OR=0.82) and tended to decrease with the intake of vitamin C (OR=0.89) and iron (OR=0.79), according to "Intake of selected micronutrients and the risk of surgically treated benign prostatic hyperplasia: a case-control study from Italy" by Tavani A, Longoni E, Bosetti C, Maso LD, Polesel J, Montella M, Ramazzotti V, Negri E, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C.(11)

12. Prostate cancer
In the consideration of the association between retinol and various carotenoids using data from a multicentric case-control study conducted in Italy between 1991 and 2002, found that the risk of prostate cancer tended to decrease with increasing intake of retinol (OR=0.79 for the highest versus the lowest quintile of intake), carotene (OR=0.70), alpha-carotene (OR=0.85) and beta-carotene (OR=0.72), although the estimates were significant for carotene and beta-carotene only. No meaningful associations emerged for nonprovitamin A carotenoids, such as lycopene (OR=0.94) and lutein/zeaxanthin (OR=0.91), according to "Retinol, carotenoids and the risk of prostate cancer: a case-control study from Italy" by Bosetti C, Talamini R, Montella M, Negri E, Conti E, Franceschi S, La Vecchia C.(12)

13. Breast cancer
In the assessment of Carotenoids antioxidant and antiproliferative properties in reducing the risk of breast cancer, found that dietary alpha-carotene and beta-carotene were inversely associated with the risk of ER-PR-breast cancer among ever smokers. Among ever smokers, the multivariable relative risks of ER-PR-breast cancer comparing the highest with the lowest quintile of intake were 0.32 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.11-0.94; P(trend)=0.01) for alpha-carotene and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.12-0.99; P(trend)=0.03) for beta-carotene. The risk of breast cancer also decreased with increasing intakes of alpha-carotene (P(trend) = 0.02) and beta-carotene (P(trend)=0.01) among women who did not use dietary supplements, according to "Dietary carotenoids and risk of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer in a prospective cohort of Swedish women" by Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A.(13)

14. Etc.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity 
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20358469
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22318842
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21508112
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21481711
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21451127
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21134250
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20946022
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20691333
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18669867
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20530201
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16442205
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15382052
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20116235

Women Health: Fibroadenomas Prevention - The Nutritional supplements

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                         Fibroadenomas 

Fibroadenomas are benign breast tumors composed of fibrous and glandular tissue which occur mostly in women 30 years old or younger. According to statistic, approximately 500,000-700,000 fibroadenomas are removed each year in US alone. The benign breast tumors are also called breast mice or a breast mouse due to their high mobility in the breast. They are general painless and may become tenderness or swelling just before the menstrual cycle. women with multiple fibroadenomas may indicate a slightly increased risk of breast cancer.

        The Prevention -  Nutritional supplements

1. Vitamin B6 and gamma linolenic acid GLA
If no cancer is present then with an analgesic such as aspirin or ibuprofen for periods of intense pain is usually all the treatment necessary. If this is not sufficient, cyclical breast pain (cyclical mastalgia) can be treated with vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and gamma linolenic acid according the article of Breast lumps and breast pain from health 24 dated , January 24, 2011.

2. Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals are under active research for possible benefits immune system, and as anti-cancer agents. Flavonoids found abundant in berry, inhibit caner cell in vitro study. it should also be helpful in treating benign tumors.

3. Omega 3 fatty acids
Omega 3 essential fatty acids are necessary to balance the levels of Omega 6 fatty acids to prevent the over production of prostaglandins hormones, causing premenstrual mastalgia, leading to fibroadenomas.

4. Antioxidants
Antioxidant
Antioxidants such as free radical scavengers vitamin A, C, E enhance the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth. For more information of how antioxidants help to treat tumors, click here
5. Etc.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity 
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How ToPermanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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The Obesity' Research and Studies of Weight loss favorably modifies anthropometrics and reverses the metabolic syndrome

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

The Studies of Weight loss favorably modifies anthropometrics and reverses the metabolic syndrome



In the study to determine the effects of a weight loss program, including dietary modifications, increased physical activity and dietary supplement (L-carnitine or placebo) on anthropometrics, leptin, insulin, the metabolic syndrome (MS) and insulin resistance in overweight /obese premenopausal women, indicated that Moderate increases in physical activity and a hypocaloric/high protein diet resulted in multiple beneficial effects on body anthropometrics and insulin sensitivity. Realistic dietary and physical activity goals must be the focus of intervention strategies for overweight and obese individuals(1).

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity 
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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(1) "Weight loss favorably modifies anthropometrics and reverses the metabolic syndrome in premenopausal women" by Lofgren IE, Herron KL, West KL, Zern TL,Brownbill RA, Ilich JZ, Koo SI, Fernandez ML.

Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus - Upper gastrointestinal disorders: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding - Treatments In herbal medicine perspective

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

           Upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases

The prevalence of upper gastrointestinal (GI) diseases is increasing in subjects aged 65 years and over. Pathophysiological changes in esophageal functions that occur with aging may, at least in part, be responsible for the high prevalence of
1. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) in old age.

2. The incidence of gastric and duodenal ulcers and their bleeding complications is increasing in old-aged populations worldwide.

3. H. pylori infection in elderly patients with H. pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease and severe chronic gastritis.

4. Almost 40% of GU and 25% of DU in the elderly patients are associated with the use of NSAID(1) and/or aspirin(2).(a)

                 Upper gastrointestinal bleeding 

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is defined as hemorrhaging derived from a source proximal to the ligament of Treitz. It is life threatening and considered as medical emergency, which is followed by high mortality rate, ranging from 6 to 15% in spite of modern diagnostic methods and treatment.

                           The Treatments 

In herbal medicine perspective
1. Rhubarb is a small flower grouped with large compound leafy in the the genus Rheum, belonging to the family Polygonaceae. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as laxative agent, reduce inflammation and treat diarrhea, dysentery blood clots, tumor red and painful eyes abdominal-distention and/or pain blood in stool hemorrhoidal bleeding urination: burning sensation, absence of menses, etc. In the study of the effect of rhubarb on gastrointestinal (GI) perfusion in critical illness and hemorrhagic shocked rats, showed that in clinical study: The pH in septic patients was much lower than that in the control, whereas rhubarb could obviously elevate GI pH (P < 0.01). In addition, rhubarb also had a good effect on gastric hemorrhage caused by stress ulcer, the effectiveness was 73.4%. Animal study: Although the shocked rats were resuscitated completely, their GI perfusion was much lower than that in the control. Rhubarb could significantly improve the mucous membrane of GI and mesenterium perfusion (P < 0.01)(22).

2. Liquorice
Liquorice or liquorice roots has been used in traditional Chinese medicine over 4000 years as anti allergy, anti inflammation, anti ulcer, anti convulsion and to treat stomach weakness, tired and lack of strength, palpitation and short of breath, cough with abundance of phlegm, stomach and solar plexus pain, etc,. some studies indicated that gastric mucosal damage induced by giving 60 mg aspirin orally to rats was reduced by simultaneous administration of 100-500 mg deglycyrrhizinated liquorice. Human faecal blood loss induced by 975 mg aspirin orally three times a day was less when 350 mg deglycyrrhizinated liquorice was given with each dose of aspirin(23).

c. Etc. 

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity 
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How ToPermanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer


Sources
(1a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1065003/table/T1/
(22) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11789209
(23) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493863

General Health: Allergies - Food Allergy

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                           Food Allergy

Allergy is the over reaction of immune system to harmless substances after entering our body affecting 1 in every 3 people.

Cure Allergies Completely Naturally
Allergy Free For Life All Natural Cure
For Stopping Your Allergies In 5 Days

Causes
Allergy is defined as the type I reactions or Immediate Hypersensitivity as a result of
over production of Immunoglobulin E (IgE), a class of allergic antibody by the immune system against harmless substance that lead to mediated release of histamine and other mediators from mast cells and basophils, resulting in allergic reaction, including mucus secretion, sneezing, itching, etc.

Types of allergy
 Food allergy
Food allergy is a result of over production of antibody Immunoglobulin E (IgE) of immune system in responding to harmless ingredients in the foods such as peanut, shrimp, crayfish, lobster, walnuts, peanuts, soy, legume, etc., after eating. Food allergy is severe food intolerance, in some cases, it may be resulted in fatal or hospitalization.
Food allergy can be classified into 2 types, depending to the length of the reaction of the immune system
1. Fixed food allergy
Fixed food allergy is defined as symptoms of allergy appeared immediately as soon as the allergic food is eaten.
2. 2. Marked (Cyclic) allergies
This types of allergic symptoms may taken longer to take effects, usually hour or days after the allergic food is eaten. Coiled foods allergy affects 90% of the patient of all cases.

A. 1. How to determine the severity of the allergic effects
Depending to the allergy stimulating effect, some researchers suggested to scalethe severity from 1 to 4 and followed by degeneration scale, but from -1 to -4
A.1.1. The severity scale from +1 to +4
+1. The first level of stimulation
If there is no symptoms at all or If the patient is alert and function morally after allergic is eaten
+2. The second level of stimulation
The patient have become irritable, hyperactive, tense, thirsty, etc. after a suspected allergic foods is eaten
+3. The third level of stimulation
The patient have become hypomanic, aggressive, apprehensive, etc.
+4. The fourth level of stimulation
The patient have become mania, agitation, over excitement, etc.

A.1.2. Degeneration scale from -1 to -4
-1. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of runny nose, hive, diarrhea, etc.
-2. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of tiredness, fatigue, swelling etc.
-3. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of depression, mental disturbance, confusion, mood change, etc.
-4. If a patient is experience symptoms of reaction of sever depression, paranoia, etc.


A.2. Causes
Researchers knew that food allergy is caused by over production of antibody Immunoglobulin E (IgE), but what trigger such production is still unknown.
a. Genetic passing through?
In a study of "Genetics of food allergy." by Hong X, Tsai HJ, Wang X. from theSource of Mary Ann and J. Milburn Smith Child Health Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and Children's Memorial Hospital and Children's Memorial Research Center, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA., researchers found that Genetics in food allergy is a promising research area but is still in its infancy. More studies are needed to dissect susceptible genes of food allergy. A genome-wide association approach may serve as a powerful tool to identify novel genes related to food allergy. Furthermore, the role of gene-environment interaction, gene-gene interaction, and epigenetics in food allergy remains largely unexplored. Given the complex nature of food allergy, future studies need to integrate environment, genomics, and epigenomics in order to better understand the multifaceted etiology and biological mechanisms of food allergy.

b. Environment?
In a study of "Genetic and environmental risk factors for the development of food allergy." by
Björkstén B. from the Source of Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, S 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. bengt.bjorksten@cfa.ki.se, researcher found that the causes of food allergy are still unknown and no particular genes associated particularly with food allergy have been identified, although there is a strong association in general between genetic susceptibility to food allergy and that to IgE-mediated allergy. There are still no measures for general recommendation in order to prevent food allergy and no genes have been linked conclusively to disease. Further research concentrating on food allergy is obviously needed.

3. Genetically Modified food
In an article of "Allergy from GM food" posted Sept. 2000, by EUROPEAN FEDERATION of BIOTECHNOLOGY, the author wrote that a new transgenic variety of Soya was developed as an improved animal feed by inserting a gene from the Brazil nut. It turned out in laboratory tests, done before commercialisation, that the new variety was potentially able to cause an allergic reaction in humans and the product was therefore not brought to the market. This shows that laboratory tests are a reliable means of testing GM products or other novel foods for potential allergenicity. Conversely, genetic engineering will, in the future, be able to remove specific genes from crops which may lead to less allergenic foods and thereby improve the life of those suffering from food allergies.

4. Etc.

A.3. Symptoms
Depending to the effect area after allergic food is eaten
1. Central nervous system
Certain allergic food can affect the central nervous system as it can pass through the blood and enter the brain of which interferes with the function, leading impaired thinking, depression, anxiety, inability of concentration, etc.
2. Skin reaction
As a result of the allergic food cause of over production of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) of which affect the skin area, leading to rash, itching, inflammation, etc.
3. Respiratory reaction
If the immune system's over production if antibody affects the lung, it can cause breathing difficulty, wheezing, asthma, etc.
4. Digestive system
If the allergy affects the digestive system, it can cause diarrhea, abnormal cramps and pain, itching tongue, vomiting, indigestion, etc.
5. Cardiovascular system
It can cause abnormal beating, pallor, etc.
6. Adrenal system
It can lead to fatigue, low energy, tiredness, etc.
7. Etc.

A.4. Diagnosis
If you are experience food allergy, it is possible to find what types of food have trigger that, eliminating the offending foods can help to avoid the incidence to happen again. After recording the family history and a complete physical exam. you doctor may order
1. Rotation diets
The aim of this diagnosis is to find out types of food that the patient is allergic to. In this diagnosis, you are asked to write down all the foods of which have been eaten in the day when the allergy occurs. then each day one of the food is eaten only once on its rotation day and the length of the rotation cycle may be much longer than four to five days. If the allergic foods are found, you are asked to avoid them several months, then they are reintroduced with small quality to see how the immune system react to them. In most cases, patient can eat once in a specific time length or small quality. If you don't remember what you had eaten that day, your rotation diet will start with broader range of all (Most) foods that you are eaten daily.
2. Skin test
a. Intradermal test
It is one of most common test but time consuming( some patient may return for more 20 time for the injection) in diagnosis of allergy and depending to the symptoms, by injecting small amounts of diluted allergens into the top layers of the skin to see how the immune system react to them.
b. Skin prick testing
Similar to the Intradermal test, but the diagnosis involves in applying a drop of allergen into to punctures made on the skin.

3. Blood test ((RadioAllergoSorbent Test)
This is the test for evaluating of the levels of IgE-mediated food allergies react to a particular allergen. If you RAST score is higher than the predictive value for that food, 95% chance you will have an allergic reaction. Unfortunately, non-IgE mediated allergies cannot be detected by this method.

4. Challenge Tests
Because of the risk of anaphylaxis, most doctors will avoid the test unless it is absolutely necessary and the test is performed only in the hospital. In this test, suspected allergen package into capsule taken by patient and signs or symptoms of an allergic reaction are observed.

5. Kinessiolody
the test is done by placing the suspected allergic food under the tongue of the patient and asked to lower the stretched arms against the force of the doctor. If the patient can not lower the arms, it may be an indication of allergic effect.

6. Etc.

A.5. Preventions
There is no way that a patient can prevent food allergy, unless the patient eat less than the amount that can trigger the allergy or completely withdraw from eating them. According to the article of Possible Causes of Food Allergies posted at Childallergy.com, empowering families and communities managing food allergy, the author wrote that FDA biochemical engineer Tong-Jen Fu, Ph.D., is analyzing methods currently used by scientists to determine the allergenic potential of new proteins that may be introduced in food. "The only way people can avoid allergic reactions to food is to avoid eating those offending foods," says Fu. "But we know that there is some possibility that a new protein in food may be an allergen for some individuals. So it is important to have sound scientific methods for assessing whether a new protein will be an allergen."

A.6. Treatments
A.6.1. Conventional medicine
1. Rotation Diet
In Rotation Diet, you are asked to write down all the foods of which have been eaten in the day when the allergy occurs. then each day one of the food is eaten only once on its rotation day and the length of the rotation cycle may be much longer than four to five days. If the allergic foods are found, you are asked to avoid them several months, then they are reintroduced with small quality to see how the immune system react to them. In most cases, patient can eat once in a specific time length or small quality. If you don't remember what you had eaten that day, your rotation diet will start with broader range of all (Most) foods that you are eaten daily.

2. Anaphylactic reactions
people with sever symptoms of food allergy is advised to carry a self-injectable form of epinephrine, or adrenaline prescribed by their doctors and seek hospital attention as soon as possible.

3. Other mild symptoms
Other mild food allergic symptoms are treat according to the types of medication, including Bronchodilators, anti-allergics, antihistamines, NSAIDs, etc.

A.6.2. Nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidants
Since Allergies are caused by immune over reaction of certain harmless substance, enhancing immue system is one of the best way to prevent and treat them as some researchers suggested that allergies may be caused by weakened immune system over aggression. Vitamin A, E, C are antioxidants and free radical scavengers, they protect the immune system from free radicals attack and help to reduce levels of histamine in the blood. For more information of antioxidants and health effects

2. Vitamin D
According to the article " Vitamin D deficiency may be a factor in development of allergies posted in Washing Post, Monday, March, 7, 2011, " Allergies and Vitamin D, Youths low in 'sunshine vitamin' may be more prone to allergies",the author wrote that analyzed data on 6,590 people, roughly half of them 21 years of age and younger and half older. The group was deemed representative of the U.S. population. Vitamin D levels were determined by blood tests, as was sensitivity to 17 common allergens. Among the youths, food and environmental allergies were greater in those with lower levels of Vitamin D. Young people deficient in Vitamin D were about twice as likely as those with higher levels of the nutrient to have peanut or ragweed allergies and nearly five times as likely to be allergic to oak.

3. B-complex
in a study of "Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs interleukin 2 production and lymphocyte proliferation in elderly adults." by Meydani SN, Ribaya-Mercado JD, Russell RM, Sahyoun N, Morrow FD, Gershoff SN., USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Vitamin B-6 deficiency impairs in vitro indices of cell-mediated immunity in healthy elderly adults. This impairment is reversible by vitamin B-6 repletion.

4. N-accetyl-cysteine (NAC)
It is an antioxidant and an amino acid precursor to glutathione which helps to strengthen immune system against cold, flu and allergy and enhances the respiratory system functioning.

5. Coenzyme Q10
It is an immune and nervous system enhancer, according to the article of "CoQ10 Helps the Immune System and Brain Function" by A.S. Gissen, posted in Immunesupport.com, the author wrote that In 1970, it was first reported that CoQ6 and CoQ10, when administered to rats, significantly enhanced immune cells' ability to kill bacteria, as well as elevated their antibody response.

6. Alpha lipoic acid
Alpha lipoic acid is another antioxidant which promotes the immune system by enhabcing the function of other antioxidants such as vitamin C, E, glutathione, etc. according to the article of "A relatively unknown antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid, may be more potent than vitamins C and E" by Robert Sander, the author wrote that Because both alpha-lipoic acid and dihydrolipoic acid are antioxidants, their combined actions give them greater antioxidant potency than any natural antioxidant now known, Packer says. He notes another property of alpha-lipoic acid that makes it a great antioxidant. Since it is soluble in both water and fat, it can move into all parts of the cell to neutralize free radicals. Vitamin C, on the other hand, is limited to the watery parts of cells because it is soluble only in water; while vitamin E is soluble only in fat and sticks to the fatty parts of cells.
8. Digestive enzyme
Digestive enzymes are absolutely vital to human health, they break down large protein molecules, so essential nutrients, vitamins and minerals can be easily absorbed.
According to the article of "Digestive Enzymes Combat Leaky Gut and Food Allergy" By Dr. CE Gant on 04/14/2011, he wrote that toxin damage causes tiny holes to form in the normally tight barrier between the cells lining the GI Tract (leaky gut), which allows relatively large molecules of food protein to pass through and encounter the immune surveillance (60% + of body’s overall immune system is in and around the GI tract), which then “tricks” the immune system into “believing” the foreign protein from a food is a threat to the body. This sets up an attack mode against perfectly nutritious food protein, which is called a food (and/or “brain”) allergy.

9. Minerals
a. Zinc
It corrects the digestive system cause of allergy as a result of deficient production of stomach acid.
b. Calcium
It beside is considered as essential mineral for healthy bone, calcium is also important to reduce the risk of allergy. According to the study of "Calcium-deficiency rickets in a four-year-old boy with milk allergy." by Davidovits M, Levy Y, Avramovitz T, Eisenstein B.(Nephrology Unit, Children's Medical Center, Petah Tiqva, Israel) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that These findings were thought to be the result of dietary calcium deficiency caused by the prolonged elimination from his diet of cow milk and milk products because of allergy. Adequate intake of calcium resulted in rapid improvement.

c. Potassium
It enhance the adrenal gland function, thus reducing the symptoms of allergy cause of fatigue, weakness, tiredness
d. Magnesium
It is vital to relieve the allergy symptom of asthma and respiratory problems
e. Etc.
10. Etc.

A.6.3. Herbs
1. Panax Ginseng
In a study of "Effects of Red Ginseng extract on allergic reactions to food in Balb/c mice." by
Sumiyoshi M, Sakanaka M, Kimura Y. (Division of Functional Histology, Department of Functional Biomedicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Shitsukawa, Toon City, Ehime 791-0295, Japan.) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers suggested that It may also protect against sensitization to antigens as an immunomodulator by increasing intestinal IgA secretion without affecting antigen-specific IgE levels. In conclusion, Red Ginseng roots may be a natural preventative of food allergies.

2. Garlic
It is best known for treating cold and flu and enhances immune system against alll types of foreign invasion. According to the study of "Immunomodulatory Effects of Aged Garlic Extract"
Eikai Kyo, Naoto Uda, Shigeo Kasuga and Yoichi Itakur, Posted in the "Journal of Nutrition" in March 2001, researchers strongly suggest that AGE (Aged Garlic Extract) could be a promising candidate as an immune modifier, which maintains the homeostasis of immune functions; further studies are warranted to determine when it is most beneficial.

3. Grape seed extract
Grape seed extract is best known for its antioxidant property in delay aging, it also acts as a natural histamine inhibitor, thus reducing the risk of allergic responses.

4. Licorice root
Beside is nest known to lower stomach acid levels, relieve heartburn and indigestion, licorice root is also boost the levels of interferon of immune system to fight off attacking viruses. According to the article of "Licorice, plantain and nettle herbs used in the treatment of Allergies" posted in Bitteroot restorationthe author wrote that This ( Licorice root) can actually help to counteract many of the symptoms that are associated with allergies.: It also contains substances which work to thin the mucus and soothe to respiratory passages, which can reduce irritation that often accompanies allergies and their symptoms.

5. Turmeric
Turmeric paste has been used in traditional herbal medicine as an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent, it also helps to treat allergy. According to an article "Vitamin D and turmeric for allergies" by Joe Graedon and Teresa Graedon posted in Washington Post, May 11-2009, the authors wrote that In animal studies, turmeric prevents the release of histamine from mast cells (Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, September 2008). If it works similarly in humans, this would prevent allergy symptoms from developing.

6. Sting Netttle
Sting Netttle contains antihistaminics which has been used as cream in treating symptoms of allergy. In a study of "Nettle extract (Urtica dioica) affects key receptors and enzymes associated with allergic rhinitis." by Roschek B Jr, Fink RC, McMichael M, Alberte RS.(HerbalScience Group LLC, 1004 Collier Center Way, Suite 200, Naples, FL 34110, USA.) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that Through the use of DART TOF-MS, which yields exact masses and relative abundances of compounds present in complex mixtures, bioactives have been identified in nettle that contribute to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways related to allergic rhinitis. These results provide for the first time, a mechanistic understanding of the role of nettle extracts in reducing allergic and other inflammatory responses in vitro.

7. Butterbur
Has been used over thousand of years in herbal medicine in treating symptoms of allergy, including to treat coughs,, asthma, stress, muscle relaxant, etc..According to the article of "Allergy" posted in The University of Michigan health System, the article indicated Two double-blind studies have compared butterbur extract to standard antihistamine drugs in people with hay fever. The first compared it with the drug cetirizine (Zyrtec) and found the drug and butterbur extract relieved symptoms equally well. However, cetirizine caused significantly more adverse effects, including a high rate of drowsiness.4 The second study compared butterbur extract with fexofenadine (Allegra) and placebo. Butterbur extract was as effective as fexofenadine at relieving symptoms, and both were significantly better than placebo.

8. Ginkgo
Ginkgo leaves contain ginkgolides, which inhibit platelet-activating factor cause of asthma and allergies. according to the study of "Ginkgolides Antagonizing Some Effects of Platelet-activating Factor in Vitro" vy Dong JC, Li M, Shi ZY (Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical University) posted in Chiro.org, researchers found thatexposure of guinea pigs' bronchus to PAF in vitro resulted in a loss of beta-adrenergic receptors and responses to isoproterenol, and this effect of PAF was prevented by prior incubation of the guinea pigs' bronchus with ginkgolides (P < 0.05). The results showed ginkgolides were a potent PAF antagonist.

9. Etc.
A.6.4. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. The Chinese herbal formula FAHF-2
In a study of "The Chinese herbal medicine formula FAHF-2 completely blocks anaphylactic reactions in a murine model of peanut allergy." by Srivastava KD, Kattan JD, Zou ZM, Li JH, Zhang L, Wallenstein S, Goldfarb J, Sampson HA, Li XM., Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that FAHF-2 treatment completely eliminated anaphylaxis in mice allergic to peanut challenged as long as 5 weeks posttherapy. This result was associated with downregulation of T H 2 responses. FAHF-2 may be a potentially effective and safe therapy for peanut allergy.

2. Ingredients
1. Lingzhi (Reishi Mushroom)
Main use: Tonifies Qi and Body Fluids, Nourishes Yin and Blood, Strengthens the Spleen and the Stomach,...
2. Wu Mei (Chinese Magnoliavine Fruit)
Main use: Strengthens the Lungs, Nourishes the Kidneys, Promotes generation of Body Fluids, Stops sweating, Stops diarrhea,...
3. Chuan Jiao (Szechuan Pepper Fruit)
Main use: Warms the Middle Burner, Disperses Cold, Alleviates Abdominal Pain, ....
4. Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome)
Main use: Clears Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire; Expels toxins.....
5. Huang Bai (Amur Cork Tree Bark)
Main use: Clears Damp Heat, Dries Dampness, Disperses Fire, Expels toxins,....
6. Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger)
Main use: Warms the Middle Burner, Warms the Lungs, Transforms Phlegm,....
7. Gui Zhi (Cinnamon Twig)
Main use: Releases the Exterior, Warms the Channels, Tonifies the Yang,...
8. Ren Shen (Ginseng Root)
Main use: Strongly tonifies Original Qi, Tonifies the Spleen and Lungs; Promotes generation of Body Fluids, Relieves thirst,...
9. Dang Gui (Chinese Angelica Root)
Main use: Tonifies and Moves Blood, Calms pain, Moistens the Intestines,...
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AntiAging: The Research and Studies of Skin Aging - The Effects of Vitamins - A

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
All right reserved. Reproduction and Translation to other languages of this publication are prohibited without consent of the writer.

Who doesn't want to look 5, 10,15 or 20 years younger in comparison to people with the same age group?

The dream of finding the ingredients in rejuvenated aging skin has been ongoing since human civilization. Unfortunately, many ingredients with no commercial values have been discarded due to their effects in dampening the profits of all cosmetic companies.

Don't ask me about commercial anti-aging products. Most of them are produced for making profits and do not perform as theirs' claims. Truly, if one found to be effective, it will constitute to shelf-removal of many others with the same intention. Unfortunately, walking through the cosmetic section of health stores and super markets, thousands of these products are still packed on the shelves. How effective they are? You know the answer.

Skin aging is one of most visible ageing process which occurs constantly in our skin organ. According to the Clinical Centre of Nis, certain plant extracts may have the ability to scavenge free radicals, to protect the skin matrix through the inhibition of enzymatic degradation, or to promote collagen synthesis in the skin, affect skin elasticity and tightness(a). Other suggested that free radicals induced domino effects in production of reactive oxygen species, can react with DNA, proteins, and fatty acids, causing oxidative damage and impairment of antioxidant system, leading injuries damage regulation pathways of skin, including wrinkles, roughness, appearance of fine lines, lack of elasticity, and de- or hyperpigmentation marks(b).

Vitamin A is a general term of Vitamin A Retinol, retinal, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin best known for its functions for vision health and antioxidant scavenger and essential for growth and differentiation of a number of cells and tissues.

1. Retinols
Activation of both all-trans retinoic acid and 9-cis retinoic acid in nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARα, RARβ, and RARγ), may associate to reduction of skin aging(1). In chronologically aged and photoaged human skin due to alternation of connective tissue collagen, caused by cysteine-rich protein 61(2) (CCN1, a negative regulator of collagen homeostasis). application of all-trans retinoic acid(RA), the major bioactive form of vitamin A in skin, significantly increased type I procollagen and reduced collagenase (matrix metalloproteinases-1, MMP-1)and suppressed recombinant human CCN1(3).
P-Dodecylaminophenol derived from the synthetic retinoid, in the skin of hairless mice study, exhibited the increased cytokeratin 16 expression which is essential inskin healing and maintenance, without causing the desquamation and erythema(4). 

In a vivo study in assessing major aging signs and performing three-dimensional profilometry and digital imaging during a 9-month double-blind placebo-control involving 48 volunteers, topical application of a ROL-containing product not only improved all major aging signs including wrinkles under the eyes, fine lines and tone evenness, but also promoted keratinocyte proliferation, induced epidermal thickening and alleviated skin aging signs, without any significant adverse reaction(5). 

Retinyl retinoate 1, another synthetic version of retinols, showed inhibitory activity against c-Jun than retinol and superior effects on collagen synthesis compared to retinol, and may have the potential to be conveniently used as an additive in cosmetics for prevention and improvement of skin aging and medicines for the treatment of skin troubles(6). 

Some researchers suggested that topical retinol improves fine wrinkles associated with natural aging, through its effects in induction of glycosaminoglycan, increased collagen production are most likely responsible for wrinkle effacement. Retinol-treated aged skin is more likely to withstand skin injury and ulcer formation along with improved appearance(7). 

Application of a stabilized 0.1% retinol-containing moisturizer showed the improving lines and wrinkles, pigmentation, elasticity, firmness and overall photodamage(8). 

N-retinoyl-D-glucosamine, a retinoic acid agonist in the study in comparison with retinol acid, showed the same effective of both in complete disappearance of the wrinkles caused by UVB irradiation probably via RAR transactivation activity, but the synthetic agonist showed no adverse effect in causing skin irritation(9).

2. Carotenoids(beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin) and Retinal
Carotenoids, plant pigments, converted to vitamin A after intake, though to play an important role in prevention and treatment of some diseases through it antioxidant effects.
Nutrition rich in carotenoids is best known to prevent cell damage, premature skin aging, and skin cancer(10). It has been reported to possess potent anti-oxidant properties and widely used in the skin care industry either as topically applied agents or oral supplements in an attempt to prolong youthful skin appearance(11)(12). Free radicals cause of premature skin aging and lead to immunosuppression and the formation of skin diseases, administration of carotenoids may interact with free radicals to enhance the protection system against that destructive(13). Other study suggested that Stress factors such as illness, UV and IR radiation of the sun, and smoking and alcohol consumption reduce the concentration of thecarotenoids in the skin of that lead to deeper and denser of the furrows and wrinkles(14).
The testing of high doses of sun-emitted UV-radiation induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as major pro-oxidants thus inducing premature skin aging, showed a positive effect of Carotenoid-tablets combined with placebo-cream in induced less carotenoid accumulation than carotenoid-tablets alone(15) of that suggested that In contrast to topical application, the systemically applied carotenoids are stored in the body fat tissue and slowly released onto the skin surface with sweat and sebum. Retinaldehyde (RAL) showed a significant improvement of wrinkles(forehead wrinkles, nasolabial folds, crow's feet and perioral wrinkles)(16).In fact, deficiency of vitamin A may result of induced premature aging. In skin of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats, showed over expression of matrix metalloproteinase -2 (MMP-2) and hyaluronidase (HAase) but not on vitamin A treated mice, through promoting the production of collagen in dermis and inducing cell growth and inhibition of epidermal differentiation in skin tissues(17).

Taken altogether, vitamin A and its variants are found to be effective in prevention of skin damage and skin aging caused by over expression of type I procollagen and under expression of collagenase (matrix metalloproteinases-1, MMP-1).
Recommended intakes of vitamin A, according to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies (formerly National Academy of Sciences) is 600 µg daily as extremely high doses (>9000 mg) can be toxicity as causes of dry, scaly skin, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, bone and joint pains, headaches, etc. As always, all articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only, please consult your Doctor & Related field specialist before applying.


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References
(a) Skin ageing: natural weapons and strategies by Binic I1, Lazarevic V, Ljubenovic M, Mojsa J, Sokolovic D.(PubMed)
(b) Phytoconstituents as photoprotective novel cosmetic formulations by Saraf S1, Kaur CD.(PubMed)
(1) 40 years of topical tretinoin use in review by Baldwin HE1, Nighland M, Kendall C, Mays DA, Grossman R, Newburger J.(PubMed)
(2) Elevated cysteine-rich 61 mediates aberrant collagen homeostasis in chronologically aged and photoaged human skin by Quan T1, He T, Shao Y, Lin L, Kang S, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ.(PubMed)
(3) Retinoids suppress cysteine-rich protein 61 (CCN1), a negative regulator of collagen homeostasis, in skin equivalent cultures and aged human skin in vivo by Quan T1, Qin Z, Shao Y, Xu Y, Voorhees JJ, Fisher GJ(PubMed)
(4) Effects of the aminophenol analogue p-Dodecylaminophenol on mouse skin byTakahashi N1, Fujiu Y(PubMed)
(5) Antiaging action of retinol: from molecular to clinical by Bellemère G1, Stamatas GN, Bruère V, Bertin C, Issachar N, Oddos T.(PubMed)
(6) Synthesis and in vitro biological activity of retinyl retinoate, a novel hybrid retinoid derivative by Kim H1, Kim B, Kim H, Um S, Lee J, Ryoo H, Jung H(PubMed)
(7) Improvement of naturally aged skin with vitamin A (retinol) by Kafi R1, Kwak HS, Schumacher WE, Cho S, Hanft VN, Hamilton TA, King AL, Neal JD, Varani J, Fisher GJ, Voorhees JJ, Kang S.(PubMed)
(8) A stabilized 0.1% retinol facial moisturizer improves the appearance of photodamaged skin in an eight-week, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study by Tucker-Samaras S1, Zedayko T, Cole C, Miller D, Wallo W, Leyden JJ.(PubMed)
(9) N-retinoyl-D-glucosamine, a new retinoic acid agonist, mediates topical retinoid efficacy with no irritation on photoaged skin by Kambayashi H1, Odake Y, Takada K, Funasaka Y, Ichihashi M, Kato S(PubMed)
(10) Influence of dietary carotenoids on radical scavenging capacity of the skinand skin lipids by Meinke MC1, Friedrich A, Tscherch K, Haag SF, Darvin ME, Vollert H, Groth N, Lademann J, Rohn S.(PubMed)
(11) Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging by Schagen SK1, Zampeli VA, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC.(PubMed)
(12) The role of nutraceuticals in anti-aging medicine by Vranesić-Bender D.(PubMed)
(13) Interaction between carotenoids and free radicals in human skin by Lademann J1, Schanzer S, Meinke M, Sterry W, Darvin ME(PubMed)
(14) Carotenoids in human skin by Lademann J1, Meinke MC, Sterry W, Darvin ME(PubMed)

(15) Dermal carotenoid level and kinetics after topical and systemic administration of antioxidants: enrichment strategies in a controlled in vivo study by Darvin ME1, Fluhr JW, Schanzer S, Richter H, Patzelt A, Meinke MC, Zastrow L, Golz K, Doucet O, Sterry W, Lademann J(PubMed)
(16) Retinaldehyde/hyaluronic acid fragments: a synergistic association for the management of skin aging by Cordero A1, Leon-Dorantes G, Pons-Guiraud A, Di Pietro A, Asensi SV, Walkiewicz-Cyraska B, Litvik R, Turlier V, Mery S, Merial-Kieny C(PubMed)
(17) A close relationship between type 1 diabetes and vitamin A-deficiency and matrix metalloproteinase and hyaluronidase activities in skin tissues by Takahashi N1, Takasu S.(PubMed)