@Herbal Arnica

Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belonging to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia. It has been used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.

The ingredients
Beside containing contain helenalin as it main ingredient used as anti-inflammatory agent in herbal medicine, it also contains 11,13- dihydrohelenaline, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative, etc.


1. Herbal Arnica  and bruising
Bruising, also known as contusion, is defined as a condition of damage to capillaries and sometimes venules as a result of trauma of that allowing blood to seep, hemorrhage, or extravasate into the surrounding interstitial tissues.

The Benefits
Bruising happens quite often in our life and in most case it will resolve by itself. Pai ful brusing may be treated over-the-counter pain medicine, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), or naproxen (Aleve). In some cases, it may be result of certain medical condition and attention of your doctor may be necessary, such as an infection of the valves of the heart (endocarditis) or abnormal function of the blood-clotting elements (platelets), bleeding within the abdomen, etc. Homeopathic arnica is widely believed to control bruising, reduce swelling and promote recovery after local trauma.  In a double (patient and rater) blinded randomized controlled study of dermatological procedures can result in disfiguring bruises that resolve slowly of healthy volunteers, age range 21-65 years, topical 20% arnica ointment may be able to reduce bruising more effectively than placebo and more effectively than low-concentration vitamin K formulations, such as 1% vitamin K with 0·3% retinol. In other in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with three parallel arms. 64 adults undergoing elective surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome were randomized to take three tablets daily of homeopathic arnica 30C or 6C or placebo for seven days before surgery and fourteen days after surgery, showed that homeopathic arnica has an advantage over placebo in reducing postoperative pain, bruising and swelling in patients undergoing elective hand surgery.

References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
(4). Arnica (Arnica montana) by Sigma Aldrich
(5) Accelerated resolution of laser-induced bruising with topical 20% arnica: a rater-blinded randomized controlled trial. by Leu S, Havey J, White LE, Martin N, Yoo SS, Rademaker AW, Alam M.(PubMed)
(6) Homeopathic arnica for prevention of pain and bruising: randomized placebo-controlled trial in hand surgery. by Stevinson C, Devaraj VS, Fountain-Barber A, Hawkins S, Ernst E.(Pubmed)

2. Herbal Arnica and Antibacterial and antifungal activity
Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belonging to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia. It has been used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.

The benefits
Arnica have been used for thousands of years in folk medicine for several purposes. Vegetal extracts from Arnica--Arnica montana has demonstrated antimicrobial activity preferentially directed against the planktonic fungal and bacterial growth, and to be suggested as are a significant source of natural alternatives to antimicrobial therapy, thus avoiding antibiotic therapy. On the other hand, it also  showed slight antimicrobial activity of propolis and Arnica montana against oral pathogens.

 References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
(4) In vitro antimicrobial activity of Romanian medicinal plants hydroalcoholic extracts on planktonic and adhered cells by Stanciuc AM, Gaspar A, Moldovan L, Saviuc C, Popa M, Măruţescu L.(PubMed)
(5) In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and Arnica montana against oral pathogens by Koo H, Gomes BP, Rosalen PL, Ambrosano GM, Park YK, Cury JA.(PubMed)

3. Herbal Arnica and Antiinflammatory activity
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.

The benefits
Several species in the genus Arnica have been used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory-related disorders. Arnica montana 6cH has exerted its anti-inflammatory effect within 6 hours after applying as it blocked the action of histamine in increasing vascular permeability. Other in the study of the helenalin, a flavonoid responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of arnica montana extract, and aloin, an anthrone-C-glucosyls with antibacterial activity present in aloe vera extract, found that
a microemulsion can be a good vehicle to increase the permeation of helenalin, while the gel formulation, containing Sepigel 305, proved able to reduce the release and permeation of aloin, with a consequent activity limited to the surface of application, without any permeation.

 References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
(4) Anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica montana 6cH: preclinical study in animals by Macêdo SB, Ferreira LR, Perazzo FF, Carvalho JC.(PubMed)
(5) Effect of vehicles on topical application of aloe vera and arnica montana components by Bergamante V, Ceschel GC, Marazzita S, Ronchi C, Fini A.(PubMed)

4.  Herbal Arnica and Colon Cancers
Colon Cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon.

The benefits
Lychnophora ericoides extracts from Brazilian arnica has protective influence on the process of colon carcinogenesis, suppressing both the initiation and the promotion of colonic carcinogenesis, as it significant decrease in the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and an attenuation of the increase in cell proliferation induced by DMH, in rat study. Other in the evaluation of Cytotoxicity of flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones from Arnica species, showed that the most flavonoids showed moderate to low cytotoxicity, as compared with the reference compound cisplatin against COLO 320.

  References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
 (4) The protective role of Lychnophora ericoides Mart. (Brazilian arnica) in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced experimental colon carcinogenesis by Fernandes CR, Turatti A, Gouvea DR, Gobbo-Neto L, Diniz A, Ribeiro-Silva A, Lopes NP, Garcia SB.(PubMed)(5) Cytotoxicity of flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones from Arnica species against the GLC4 and the COLO 320 cell lines by Woerdenbag HJ, Merfort I, Passreiter CM, Schmidt TJ, Willuhn G, van Uden W, Pras N, Kampinga HH, Konings AW.(PubMed)

5. Herbal Arnica and Alleviated pain
Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belonging to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia. It has been used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Colon Cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon.
Pain is a feeling triggered in the nervous system as a result of often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.

The Benefits
Arnica has been used in folk medicine as a treatment for bruising and swelling. Arnica administration of the herb is significant reduction in pain experienced after 2 weeks in the Arnica-treated group. Other in the study to determine if topical Arnica is effective in reducing pain, showed although its application of topical Arnica did not affect any performance assessments or markers of muscle damage or inflammation, however it demonstrates the possibility of providing pain relief three days post-eccentric exercise and Pain scores on legs treated with arnica were also higher than scores on those receiving placebo 24 hours after exercise.
 
  References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
(4) Use of Arnica to relieve pain after carpal-tunnel release surgery by Jeffrey SL, Belcher HJ.(PubMed)
(5) The effects of topical Arnica on performance, pain and muscle damage after intense eccentric exercise by Pumpa KL, Fallon KE, Bensoussan A, Papalia S.(PubMed)
(6) The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed)

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6. Herbal Arnica and wound healing
Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belonging to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia. It has been used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Wound healing is process of repairing after damage of skin, tissues, organs, etc.


The ingredients
Beside containing contain helenalin as it main ingredient used as anti-inflammatory agent in herbal medicine, it also contains 11,13- dihydrohelenaline, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative.

The Benefits
Homeopathic remedy (0712-2) from Arnica montana exerted wound closure potential in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts with low potency at a dilution of 1:100 promoted in vitro wound closure by 59.5%, but its homeopathic arnica preparation (D4), is found to be superior than diclofenac to reduce wound irritation. Topical Hypericum perforatum L. and Arnica montana L. in other study was found to be effective on experimental wound healing on skin surgical incision surgically induced on the back of Wistar rats.

  References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
(4) A homeopathic remedy from arnica, marigold, St. John's wort and comfrey accelerates in vitro wound scratch closure of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by Hostanska K, Rostock M, Melzer J, Baumgartner S, Saller R.(PubMed)
(5) Efficacy of Arnica montana D4 for healing of wounds after Hallux valgus surgery compared to diclofenac by Karow JH, Abt HP, Fröhling M, Ackermann H.(PubMed)
(6) Effects of microcurrent application alone or in combination with topical Hypericum perforatum L. and Arnica montana L. on surgically induced wound healing in Wistar rats by Castro FC, Magre A, Cherpinski R, Zelante PM, Neves LM, Esquisatto MA, Mendonça FA, Santos GM.(PubMed)

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