Sunday, December 29, 2013

@Herbal Burdock

Burdock is plant in the group of biennial thistles, genus Arctium, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Euro. It has been used over thousand of years in Chins and other traditional herbal medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and a blood purifying agent and to treat wounds and infections stomach ulcers and other digestive problems.
The ingredients
It contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.

1. Herbal  Burdock and Anti-aging and anti-oxidant 
A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cell, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein, unsaturated fatty acid, phospho-lipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls.

The health benefits 
Many herbs has been tested in human history to prolong the life span of human being, but so far none of them has achieved the optimal result. In the study delve into the anti-aging effects and mechanism of Niubanggen (Radix Arctii Lappae)by observing the activity of SOD and the content of MDA and lipofuscin in the tissues of the liver, brain and blood serum of the lab rats, indicated that t he mechanism of the anti-aging effects of the Niubanggen is mainly obtained by raising the activity of SOD and reducing the contents of MDA and lipofuscin. In other study, researchers found that Phenolic content of burdock has exerted a strong activity in fighting against forming of free radicals and foreign invaders as well as anti-elastase and anti-collagenase in a study of 21 plants of which may contribute to the delay of aging process.

Reference
1. An experimental research into the anti-aging effects of Radix Arctii Lappae.
Liu S, Li Y, Li S, Luo M, Liu X.(PubMed)
2. Anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-oxidant activities of extracts from 21 plants.
Thring TS, Hili P, Naughton DP.(PubMed)
3. Anticholinergic Poisonings Associated with Commercial Burdock Root Tea" by
, , and , (Clinical toxicology
4. A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock)" by Chan YS, Cheng LN, Wu JH, Chan E, Kwan YW, Lee SM, Leung GP, Yu PH, Chan SW., (PubMed)

2. Herbal  Burdock and Gastroprotective activity
The digestive system includes gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder with the function to digest foods and transfer the nutrients to the body needs.

The benefits
Arctium lappa L. has been used in folk medicine as digestive stimulant to treat digestive disorder, including digestive sluggishness. Sesquiterpene onopordopicrin (ONP)-enriched fraction (termed the ONP fraction), obtained from A. lappa leaves, exerted the Gastroprotective effect with  involvement of  endogenous sulfhydryls. chloroform extract (CE) of the roots from A. lappa and its fractions intake found to be significantly reduced gastric lesions induced by ethanol, chronic gastric ulceration induced by acetic acid. Intraduodenal extarct CE of the herb reduced the total acidity of gastric secretion,..... as its chemical constituents protect animals from gastric lesions by reducing gastric acid secretion via inhibition of gastric H+, K+ -ATPase.

References
(1) Anti-ulcerogenic mechanisms of the sesquiterpene lactone onopordopicrin-enriched fraction from Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae): role of somatostatin, gastrin, and endogenous sulfhydryls and nitric oxide by de Almeida AB, Luiz-Ferreira A, Cola M, Di Pietro Magri L, Batista LM, de Paiva JA, Trigo JR, Souza-Brito AR.(PubMed)
(2) Gastroprotective activity of the chloroform extract of the roots from Arctium lappa L by Dos Santos AC, Baggio CH, Freitas CS, Lepieszynski J, Mayer B, Twardowschy A, Missau FC, dos Santos EP, Pizzolatti MG, Marques MC.(PubMed)

3. Herbal Burdock and Cancer
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.

The benefits 
Arctium lappa or burdock has been used as a healthy and nutritive food in Chinese societies and  therapeutically in Europe, North America and Asia for hundreds of years.
Lappaol F, the chemicals constituents from plant Arctium Lappa L. Lappaol F suppressed cancer cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner in human cancer cell lines. In the evaluation the cytotoxicity profiles of the extract of Arctium lappa L using various cancer and normal cell lines, arctigenin, showed cytotoxicity to lung cancer (A549), liver cancer (HepG2) and stomach cancer (KATO III) cells, while no cytotoxicity to several normal cell lines. Its antioxidants and antidiabetic compounds found in the root and some active compounds in the seed possessed anti-inflammatory effects and potent inhibitory effects on the growth of tumors.

References
(1) Lappaol F, a Novel Anticancer Agent Isolated from Plant Arctium Lappa L by Sun Q, Liu K, Shen X, Jin W, Jiang L, Sheikh MS, Hu Y, Huang Y.(PubMed)
(2) Tumor specific cytotoxicity of arctigenin isolated from herbal plant Arctium lappa L by Susanti S, Iwasaki H, Itokazu Y, Nago M, Taira N, Saitoh S, Oku H.(PubMed)
(3) A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock) by Chan YS, Cheng LN, Wu JH, Chan E, Kwan YW, Lee SM, Leung GP, Yu PH, Chan SW.(PubMed)

4.  Herbal  Burdock and Breast cancer
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.

The benefits
Arctigenin, a dietary phytoestrogen and natural lignan product of Arctium lappa L inhibited human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell growth by inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Other lignan constituen, Arctiin ofof Arctium lappa, induced suppression of cyclin D1 protein expression occurs in various types of human tumor cells, including osteosarcoma, lung, colorectal, cervical and breast cancer, melanoma, transformed renal cells and prostate cancer.
 
References
(1) Arctigenin, a dietary phytoestrogen, induces apoptosis of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway and epigenetic regulation by Hsieh CJ, Kuo PL, Hsu YC, Huang YF, Tsai EM, Hsu YL.(PubMed)
(2) Arctiin induces cell growth inhibition through the down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression by Matsuzaki Y, Koyama M, Hitomi T, Yokota T, Kawanaka M, Nishikawa A, Germain D, Sakai T.(PubMed)

5. Herbal  Burdock and Antibacterial activity
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.

The benefits
An ethyl acetate fraction (AcOEt) extracted from Arctium lappa or Burdock has exerted its anti bacterial effective in the testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Its rough extracts from leaves of Arctium lappa, also exhibited specificity against the target microorganisms and may be a potential effective  in the tested endodontic pathogens. Other in the study of Extracts of 13 Brazilian medicinal plants  for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts, including Burdock, suggested that the herb may be a ethnobotanical use of the studied species for the treatment of various infectious diseases.

References
(1) In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Arctium lappa as a phytotherapeutic agent used in intracanal dressings by Gentil M, Pereira JV, Sousa YT, Pietro R, Neto MD, Vansan LP, de Castro França S.(PubMed)
(2) Antimicrobial activity of Arctium lappa constituents against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections by Pereira JV, Bergamo DC, Pereira JO, França Sde C, Pietro RC, Silva-Sousa YT.(PubMed)
(3) Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases by Holetz FB, Pessini GL, Sanches NR, Cortez DA, Nakamura CV, Filho BP.(PubMed)

6. Herbal Burdock and Hepatoprotective effects
Hepatoprotective effects is defined as a protection of liver against damage caused by vary sources, including virus.

The ingredients
It contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.

The benefits
Actium lappa Linne (burdock)  treatments of liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rat  could be alleviated with 1 and 7 days, as the herb exerted its hepatoprotective effects attribute to its antioxidative activity, which decreases the oxidative stress of hepatocytes, or to other unknown protective mechanism(s). The root of Arctium lappa Linne (A. lappa) in other study also protect the liver cells from CCl4 or acetaminophen-induced liver damages through its its antioxidative effect on hepatocytes, hence eliminating the deleterious effects of toxic metabolites from CCl4 or acetaminophen.

References
(1) Hepatoprotective effects of Arctium lappa Linne on liver injuries induced by chronic ethanol consumption and potentiated by carbon tetrachloride by Lin SC, Lin CH, Lin CC, Lin YH, Chen CF, Chen IC, Wang LY.(PubMed)
(2) Hepatoprotective effects of Arctium lappa on carbon tetrachloride- and acetaminophen-induced liver damage by Lin SC, Chung TC, Lin CC, Ueng TH, Lin YH, Lin SY, Wang LY.(PubMed)

7. Herbal Burdock and Diabetes
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

The ingredients
It contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.

The benefits
Herbal Burdock has been used in alternative medicine in treating diabetes.  Arctiin, a bioactive compound isolated from the dry seeds of Arctium lappa L., is found to exert its anti diabetic effect decreasing the serum glucose level was also decreased in  highest dose in rat study. Also, its  treatment ameliorated retinal oedema, detachment of the retina, and VEGF expression in the retina, increased the viability of retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, may be suggested of it to be used. in treating complications of diabetes. Other in the review of pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock) also indicated that the medicinal uses of burdock in treating chronic diseases has been reported.

References
(1) Effects of arctiin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy in Sprague-Dawley rats by Lu LC, Zhou W, Li ZH, Yu CP, Li CW, Luo MH, Xie H.(PubMed)
(2) A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock). by Chan YS, Cheng LN, Wu JH, Chan E, Kwan YW, Lee SM, Leung GP, Yu PH, Chan SW.(PubMed)

8. Herbal Burdock and Antitussive effect
Antitussive effect is considered as a coughing suppression activity with  the use as substance, including herb, medication

The ingredients
It contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.


The benefits
polysaccharides found in Burdock may be the potential agent to treat pathological type of cough as its polysaccharides exhibited statistically significant cough-suppressing activity, which was noticeably higher than that of the non-narcotic drug used in clinical practice to treat coughing. Also a A biologically active fructan from the roots of Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules is was found to be equally active as some non-narcotic, synthetic preparations used in clinical practice to treat coughing.

References
(1) The antitussive activity of polysaccharides from Althaea officinalis l., var. Robusta, Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules, and Prunus persica L., Batsch by Sutovska M, Nosalova G, Franova S, Kardosova A.(PubMed)
(2) A biologically active fructan from the roots of Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules. by Kardosová A, Ebringerová A, Alföldi J, Nosál'ová G, Franová S, Hríbalová V.(PubMed)


9. Herbal Burdock and Anti- inflammatory effects
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.

The ingredients
The herb contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.

The benefits
topic dermatitis is a chronic, allergic inflammatory skin disease. Butanol extract of A. lappa (ALBE) has showed to inhibit the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 by downregulating MAPKs and NF-κB activation in ConA-treated splenocytes and ALBE may have beneficial effects in the treatment of allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis. In other study, the lactone sesquiterpene onopordopicrin enriched fraction (ONP fraction) from Arctium lappa  exert its Anti-inflammatory intestinal activity in acute experimental colitis. Also the Arctigenin, a bioactive constituent from dried seeds of Arctium lappa L. (Compositae), showed a suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion as well as  inhibited the expression of iNOS and iNOS enzymatic activity.
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References
(1) Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of butanol extract from Arctium Lappa L.
Sohn EH, Jang SA, Joo H, Park S, Kang SC, Lee CH, Kim SY.(PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory intestinal activity of Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) in TNBS colitis model. by de Almeida AB, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Martín AR, Luiz-Ferreira A, Trigo JR, Vilegas W, dos Santos LC, Souza-Brito AR, de la Lastra CA.(PubMed)
(3) In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of arctigenin, a lignan from Arctium lappa L., through inhibition on iNOS pathway by Zhao F, Wang L, Liu K.(PubMed)

The Side effects
1. Overdose can be poisoning and may lead to symptoms of
acute poisoning include phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines.
2. It may cause dermatitis and allergic/inflammatory responses to certain people with contact as a result of lactones which the plant produces.
3. Do not use burdock if you are pregnant or breast feeding.
4. Etc.

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