Friday, March 31, 2017

Hormone Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT); Serotonin circuits and anxiety

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.                     

          Hormone Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) 

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan, primarily found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system (CNS). In Gut, serotonin regulates intestinal movements, in CNS, it regulates mood, appetite, sleep, memory and learning, etc.


     Hormone Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT): Serotonin circuits and anxiety



Fear, a reaction to a threatening situation, is a broadly adaptive feature crucial to the survival and reproductive fitness of individual organisms. By contrast, anxiety is an inappropriate behavioral response often to a perceived, not real, threat. In the study by The Salk Institute for Biological Studies functional imaging, biochemical analysis, and lesion studies with humans have identified the HPA axis and the amygdala as key neuroanatomical regions driving both fear and anxiety. Abnormalities in these biological systems lead to misregulated fear and anxiety behaviors such as panic attacks and post-traumatic stress disorders. These behaviors are often treated by increasing serotonin levels at synapses, suggesting a role for serotonin signaling in ameliorating both fear and anxiety. Interestingly, serotonin signaling is highly conserved between mammals and invertebrates(11).

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