Hormone Norepinephrine: High-dose norepinephrine treatment in critically ill patients

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.                     

                        Hormone Catecholamines


Catecholamines, derived from the amino acid tyrosine, produced by the adrenal glands, which are found on top of the kidneys. are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine. The hormone are released into the blood during times of physical or emotional stress.

     Hormone Norepinephrine: High-dose norepinephrine treatment in critically ill patients

Critically ill patients with circulatory shock sometimes need rescue treatment with high doses of norepinephrine, a treatment that may be associated with a poor outcome because of excessive vasoconstriction. In a retrospective study to evaluate the outcome of treatment and its determinants in patients with circulatory shock who received high doses of norepinephrine in the intensive care unit and to identify indicators of futility for the treatment of 113 consecutive patients with circulatory shock who received 0.9 μg/kg per minute or greater of norepinephrine during at least 1 hour at any time in the intensive care unit, found that dose, and duration of norepinephrine administration did not have prognostic significance. Scores greater than 40 on the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, bicarbonate levels less than 9.0 mEq/L, or receipt of an epinephrine dose of 0.25 μg/kg per minute or greater were associated with 100% mortality and concluded that although the cause of shock and treatment with norepinephrine were not predictive of death when high doses of the drug were deemed necessary, rescue treatment with high-dose norepinephrine is futile in patients with severe diseaseand metabolic acidemia(2).


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Sources
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23283085