Avocado, the Fruit Which Kills Breast Cancer Cells in Vivo and Vitro

Avocado may be considered a potentially functional fruit for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer, some scientists suggested.

Breast cancer is the medical condition that starts on the surface of the inner lining of breast tissue in the early stage. On this stage, a small lump may be found when touched.

The 5 years survival rate at this stage is 100%.

However, at the later stage, malignant cancers cell can travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissue and organs.

The lifetime risk for a woman to develop breast cancer is 1/8 in the US.

The epidemiological studies suggested that women who carry the mutated gene BRAC1 and 2 are associated with substantially increased risk of the disease onset.

Men who carry the mutated gene BRCA2 have a 7% lifetime risk of developing breast cancer.

Sadly, women who carry the abnormal BRCA1 orBRCA2 gene have about a 60% risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer during their lifetimes, compared to only 12.5% for other women.

In a comment of the study published on June 20 in the Journal of the American Medical Association Dr. García-Closas, M.D., Dr.P.H., deputy director of NCI's Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, who was not involved in the research. said, “This study has confirmed estimates of the risk of developing cancer for women who are mutation carriers—that confirmation is reassuring for both women and the healthcare team who make important care decisions.”

Therefore, suggestions to these women may include intensive early surveillance, use of chemoprevention, and prophylactic surgery may be necessary for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.

Avocados are a commercially valuable fruit and are cultivated in tropical climates throughout the world, it is a green-skinned, pear-shaped fruit that ripens after harvesting and native to the Caribbean, Mexico, South America, and Central America, belonging to the flowering plant family Lauraceae.

Chemical constituents of avocado include
The fruit contains campesterol, high amounts of β-sitosterol (average 76.4 mg/100 g); fatty acids (approximately 60% monounsaturated, 20% saturated, and 20% unsaturated); high amounts of glutathione (27.7 mg/100 g); approximately 2% protein; 6–9% carbohydrates and sugars (glucose, fructose, d-mannoheptulose, a taloheptulose, and an alloheptulose); two bitter substances (1-acetoxy-2,4-dihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene and 1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadeca-16-ene); carnitine; proanthocyanidins; persenones A and B.

Persin, the toxic chemical compound found in the fruits and leaves of avocado inhibited human breast cancer cell line, in the testing of synthetic analogs of the avocado-produced toxin persin by activated the program cells death pathway.

When using combined with tamoxifen, the small amounts of tamoxifen needed to perform similar chemo effects, thus reducing the toxicity to the healthy cells that normally killed by the presence of tamoxifen.

Futhermore, in the study to examine the anticancer properties of Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm bark methanolic crude extract (PDM), researchers at the University of Malaya launched an investigation to test the PDM in the exhibition of antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.

Application of the PDM exhibited a potent antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 16.68 µg/mL after 48 h of treatment.

Injection of PDM caused cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, as seen by increase population at the G0/G1 phase and, higher lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and DNA fragmentation, the indications of cancer cells apoptosis.

Additional analysis suggested that PDM elevated the expression of ROS in the induction of cancer cell death through cytotoxicity observed by the perturbation of mitochondrial membrane potential, cell permeability, and activation of caspases-3/7, in the execution phase of apoptosis.

The results of cancer cells apoptosis can be observed through the increased the expression of the proapoptotic molecule, Bax, but decreased the expression of prosurvival proteins, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, in a dose-dependent manner after PDM administration.

The finding strongly suggested that PDM isolated from avocado could inhibit proliferation in MCF-7 cells via cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.

Taken altogether, avocado may be considered a functional fruit for the prevention and an adjunct therapy combined with conventional medicine for the treatment of breast cancer.

However, further data collection large example size and multi-centers studies performed with human consumption of the whole food or its bioactive compounds during the course of the disease will be necessary to complete the picture of the avocado anti-breast cancer possibilities.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(a) Leung's Encyclopedia of Natural Ingredients: Chemical Composition of Avocado
(1) Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of analogs of avocado-produced toxin (+)-(R)-persin in human breast cancer cells by Brooke DG1, Shelley EJ, Roberts CG, Denny WA, Sutherland RL, Butt AJ. (PubMed)
(2) Persin - the avocado toxin that kills breast cancer cells(Gavan Institution)
(3) Persea declinata (Bl.) Kosterm Bark Crude Extract Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells via G0/G1 Cell Cycle Arrest, Bcl-2/Bax/Bcl-xl Signaling Pathways, and ROS Generation by Narrima P1, Paydar M1, Looi CY1, Wong YL1, Taha H2, Wong WF3, Ali Mohd M1, Hadi AH(PubMed).