Chaste tree berry is a species of Vitex agnus-castus, genus Vitex, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region, used in herbal medicine for thousands of year as an aphrodisiac herb and considered as Queen herb in treating menstrual problems and discomforts.
In a study using animal model of maximal electroshock seizures (MES) and induced seizures (MES) by administrated pentylenetetarazole (PTZ), intake of ethanolic leaf extract of Vitex-negundo, at doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg p.o, exerted a significant of postictal depression, an altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure in the dose of 1000 mg/kg body weight in comparison to control but no effects in other applications.
At doses of (1000 mg/kg, po), the ethanolic leaf extract exhibited a 50% half-life protection in chronic seizures after 24-hour injection against PTZ induced seizures. Researchers also found that the efficacy of the extract at that doses is the result of valproic acid, a major ingredient found in Chaste tree berry.
Dr. Tandon VR and co-author Dr. Gupta RK. of the study said, " The anticonvulsant activity of Vitex-negundo has not been found quite effective with standard drugs".
Furthermore, because of the potentiation of diphenylhydantoin and valporic acid isolated Vitex-negundo displayed a significant effect in treating animal models, the extract may be used as an adjuvant therapy along with standard anticonvulsants.
Additionally, according to the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, hydrophilic extract of Vitex agnus castus fruit (Vitex) administered doses (60, 120 or 180 mg/kg) showed a strong anticonvulsant activity even at low dose (60 mg/kg) of Vitex by increasing the afterdischarge(AD) threshold and decrease the afterdischarge duration ( ADD) and and stage 5 duration (S5D).
Promisingly, at the highest dose, the extract inhibited significantly the seizure stage (P<0.01) and reduced or prevented epileptic activity as demonstrated by reduction of ADD and S5D (length of convulsion) in a dose-dependent manner.
More importantly, methanolic extract (ME) of the leaves of V. negundo salso showed to process the analgesic properties and potentiated analgesia demonstrated by morphine and pethidine in protection against strychnine and leptazole induced convulsions.
Taking together, Chaste Tree Berry may be one of the next-generation therapeutic herbal medicine consisted a strong effect for prevention and treatment of seizure as a result of abundant phytochemicals, but intake of the large amount should be taken with care to reduce the risk of toxicity.
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Sources
(1) An experimental evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of Vitex-negundo by Tandon VR1, Gupta RK.(PubMed)
(2) The antiepileptic activity of Vitex agnus castus extract on amygdala kindled seizures in male rats by Saberi M1, Rezvanizadeh A, Bakhtiarian A.(PubMed)
(2) CNS activity of Vitex negundo Linn. in mice by Gupta M1, Mazumder UK, Bhawal SR.(PubMed)
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