Beet
Beet
is best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belong to the amaranth
family. It is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
Nutrients and chemical Constituents
1. Energy
2. Carbohydrates
3. fiber
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Beta-carotene
7. Trytophan
8. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
9. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
10. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
11. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
12. Vitamin B6
13. Folate (Vitamin B9)
14. Vitamin C
15. Calcium
16. Iron
17. Magnesium
18. Copper
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Magnesium
23. Betacyanin
24. Betaine
25. Etc.
Beside the major chemical constituents betalains and phenolics, it also contains lesser amount of isobetanin, probetanin, neobetanin, indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthins, etc.
1. Beet (Beta vulgaris) and Cancers
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and
multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become
progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to
other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.
Food intake can help to prevent and treat cancers.
The Benefits
Red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract (B), approved to be used as coloring by the FDA, and anticancer drug doxorubicin (D), when are tested for cytotoxic effects against the three cancer cells, showed both exerted the positive effects but the synergistic cytotoxicity was best when the B:D ratio of 1:5 was used
in pancreatic (PaCa) cells at IC50, IC75 and IC90 dose levels and in breast (MCF-7) cells at
IC90 dose level. Other in the study in the same comparison of the anti cancers effect of doxorubicin and the beetroot extract, both are found to exhibit a dose-dependent
cytotoxic effect in the two cancer cell lines tested. Although the
cytotoxicity of the beetroot extract was significantly lower when
compared to doxorubicin in human prostate (PC-3), and breast (MCF-7) and cancer cell lines.
References
(1) Synergistic cytotoxicity of red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract with doxorubicin in human pancreatic, breast and prostate cancer cell lines by Kapadia GJ, Rao GS, Ramachandran C, Iida A, Suzuki N, Tokuda H.(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23828331(PubMed)
(2) Cytotoxic effect of the red beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract compared to doxorubicin (Adriamycin) in the human prostate (PC-3) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines by Kapadia GJ, Azuine MA, Rao GS, Arai T, Iida A, Tokuda H. (PubMed)
2. Beet (Beta vulgaris) and Hypertension
Beet
is best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belong to the amaranth
family. It is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls
of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. High blood pressure means
raising pressure in your heart.If it stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways.
The Benefits
Consumption of beetroot juice on a low nitrate diet is said to lower blood pressure (BP) and therefore reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. In a fifteen women and fifteen men participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study, showed a positive effect of beetroot juice in addition to a normal diet in men. Other study also found a low dose of 100g exerts the significant hypotensive effects which was unaffected by processing or the presence of betacyanins. Also enriching bread with beetroot may be a suitable vehicle to increase intakes of cardioprotective beetroot in the diet and may provide new therapeutic perspectives in the management of hypertension.
Side effects
1. Oxalates
Oxalates in the beet can cause kidney and gallbadder problem. People
with above diseases should contact their doctor before consuming.
2. Increase the rick of lowering calcium absorption for people with weak digestive system.
3. Etc.
References
(1) Effect of beetroot juice on lowering blood pressure in free-living, disease-free adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Coles LT, Clifton PM.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of beetroot juice on lowering blood pressure in free-living, disease-free adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial by Coles LT, Clifton PM.(PubMed)
(3) Acute ingestion of beetroot bread increases endothelium-independent vasodilation and lowers diastolic blood pressure in healthy men: a randomized controlled trial by Hobbs DA, Goulding MG, Nguyen A, Malaver T, Walker CF, George TW, Methven L, Lovegrove JA.(PubMed)
3. Beet (Beta vulgaris) and Type 2 diabetes
Beet
is best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belong to the amaranth
family. It is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
Endothelial dysfunction is a condition of abnormal function of inner lining of blood vessels, such as a defect in the production or activity of nitric oxide.
Nutrients and chemical Constituents
1. Energy
2. Carbohydrates
3. fiber
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Beta-carotene
7. Trytophan
8. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
9. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
10. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
11. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
12. Vitamin B6
13. Folate (Vitamin B9)
14. Vitamin C
15. Calcium
16. Iron
17. Magnesium
18. Copper
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Magnesium
23. Betacyanin
24. Betaine
25. Etc.
Beside the major chemical constituents betalains
and phenolics, it also contains lesser amount of isobetanin,
probetanin, neobetanin, indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthins, etc.
The Benefits
Endothelial dysfunctionis associated with patients with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes. evidences insome studies suggested that postprandial endothelial function was improve in patients with insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes, after a single dose of a Exenatide, glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist (GLP-1 agonist) medication just before the meal. In the study to test the effects of endothelial function after the intake of beetroot juice in overweight and slightly obese men following a mixed meal,, the postprandial impairment in Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was improved, plasma concentrations of the circulating NO pool were
higher at T60, T120, and T240. Of these results, researchers suggested that a single dose of beet juice attenuates the postprandial impairment of FMD following a mixed meal and may be a potential alternative option to treat early onset of patient with type II diabetes, with little or no side effects.
Side effects
1. Oxalates
Oxalates in the beet can cause kidney and gallbadder problem. People
with above diseases should contact their doctor before consuming.
2. Increase the rick of lowering calcium absorption for people with weak digestive system.
3. Etc.
References
(1) Improvement of Postprandial Endothelial Function After a Single Dose of Exenatide in Individuals With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
and Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabete, by Juraj Koska, MD, Eric A. Schwartz, PHD, Michael P. Mullin, BS, Dawn C. Schwenke, PHD and, Peter D. Reaven, MD(Canadian Diabetes Association)
(2) Beetroot juice improves in overweight and slightly obese men postprandial endothelial function after consumption of a mixed meal by Joris PJ, Mensink RP.(PubMed)
4. Beet (Beta vulgaris) as antioxidants
Beet
is best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belong to the amaranth
family. It is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
Most of heart diseases are
caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries.
High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) build up in the arteries as a
result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans
fat. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and
eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the inner
lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and
nutrition to the heart can be defined as a risk of heart disease.
Nutrients and chemical Constituents
1. Energy
2. Carbohydrates
3. fiber
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Beta-carotene
7. Trytophan
8. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
9. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
10. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
11. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
12. Vitamin B6
13. Folate (Vitamin B9)
14. Vitamin C
15. Calcium
16. Iron
17. Magnesium
18. Copper
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Magnesium
23. Betacyanin
24. Betaine
25. Etc.
Beside the major chemical constituents betalains
and phenolics, it also contains lesser amount of isobetanin,
probetanin, neobetanin, indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthins, etc.
The Benefits
Betanin a main chemical constituent found in beet juice has exerted its hepatoprotective and anticarcinogenic effects, through the activation of Nrf2 and subsequent induction of the expression of genes controlled by this factor(Activation of Nrf2 essentially opens the door for the production of
numbers of our body’s most important antioxidants as
excessive
free radicals induce better antioxidant production) in non-tumour THLE-2 cell line. In simple words, betanin in beet root enhances the antioxidant effects in protection of the liver against the development of liver cancers and diseases.
Side effects
1. Oxalates
Oxalates in the beet can cause kidney and gallbadder problem. People
with above diseases should contact their doctor before consuming.
2. Increase the rick of lowering calcium absorption for people with weak digestive system.
3. Etc.
References
(1) What is NRF2?
(2) Betanin, a beetroot
component, induces nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2-mediated
expression of detoxifying/antioxidant enzymes in human liver cell
lines by Krajka-Kuźniak V, Paluszczak J, Szaefer H, Baer-Dubowska W.(PubMed)
5. Beet (Beta vulgaris) and cardiovascular diseases
Beet
is best known as the beetroot or garden beet and belong to the amaranth
family. It is a perennial plant with leafy stems growing to 1–2 m tall.
Platelet aggregation is the process of platelets adhere to each other at sites of vascular injury.
Nutrients and chemical Constituents
1. Energy
2. Carbohydrates
3. fiber
4. Protein
5. Vitamin A
6. Beta-carotene
7. Trytophan
8. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
9. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
10. Niacin (Vitamin B3)
11. Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5)
12. Vitamin B6
13. Folate (Vitamin B9)
14. Vitamin C
15. Calcium
16. Iron
17. Magnesium
18. Copper
19. Phosphorus
20. Potassium
21. Zinc
22. Magnesium
23. Betacyanin
24. Betaine
25. Etc.
Beside the major chemical constituents betalains
and phenolics, it also contains lesser amount of isobetanin,
probetanin, neobetanin, indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthins, etc.
The benefits
Vegetables rich in inorganic nitrate has found to be beneficial
vascular effects, including reducing blood pressure, inhibiting platelet aggregation,
preserving or improving endothelial dysfunction, etc. In the study of health volunteers, approximately 3 hours after ingestion of a dietary nitrate load (beetroot juice 500 mL), it enhanced the rise in plasma nitrite, decrease in blood pressure, and inhibited on platelet aggregation. Beet juice is no doubt exerted its vasoprotective effects through activity of nitrite converted from the ingested nitrate and the beneficial effects of a vegetable-rich
diet may be considered as a low cost treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Side effects
1. Oxalates
Oxalates in the beet can cause kidney and gallbadder problem. People
with above diseases should contact their doctor before consuming.
2. Increase the rick of lowering calcium absorption for people with weak digestive system.
3. Etc.
References
(1) Acute blood pressure lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via bioconversion to nitrite By Webb AJ, Patel N, Loukogeorgakis S, Okorie M, Aboud Z, Misra S, Rashid R, Miall P, Deanfield J, Benjamin N, MacAllister R, Hobbs AJ, Ahluwalia A.(PubMed)
(2) Vascular effects of dietary nitrate (as found in green leafy
vegetables and beetroot) via the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway by Lidder S, Webb AJ.(PubMed)
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Sunday, January 12, 2014
Thursday, January 9, 2014
Dietary Minerals
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
A. Potassium
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
1. Potassium and hypertension
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. High blood pressure means raising pressure in your heart.If it stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways.
The benefits
Administration of high potassium diets is found to be effective in lowering of blood pressure in some animal models of hypertension. Researchers suggested that the effect may be the result of diuretic action in reducing the extracellular fluid volume, thus decreased blood pressure. Others insisted that the lowering blood pressure of high potassium diet may enhance the potassium modifies central or the peripheral neural mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. In fact, increase fruit and vegetable intake such as banana, papaya, mango, spinach, tomatoes, etc., may help increase dietary potassium and reduce hypertension-related disease.
References
(1) Role of dietary potassium in the treatment of hypertension by Treasure J, Ploth D.(PubMed)
(2) Potassium and fruit and vegetable intakes in relation to social determinants and access to produce in New York City by Loftfield E, Yi S, Curtis CJ, Bartley K, Kansagra SM.(PubMed)
(3) Endoscopic Removal of Pharmacobezoar in Case of Intentional Potassium Overdose by Briggs AL, Deal LL.(PubMed)
2. Potassium and Cardiovascular diseases
Beside cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans everyday. Approximately 60 million Americans have heart disease. There are many causes of heart diseases. Most of heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) build up in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart.
The benefits
High diet of potassium is found to be effective in reducing the risk of stroke and CHD and total CVD, in the 11 Eleven studies with 15 cohort samples that included 247,510 male and female participants (follow-up 5 to 19 years), 7,066 strokes, 3,058 coronary heart disease (CHD) events. A systematic review also indicated that increased potassium intake reduces blood pressure in people with hypertension and has no adverse effect on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, or renal function in adults.
References
(1) Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies by D'Elia L, Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses by Aburto NJ, Hanson S, Gutierrez H, Hooper L, Elliott P, Cappuccio FP.(PubMed)
3. Potassium and stroke
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
Besides cancer and heart diseases, stroke is the third leading cause of death. Approximate 1/4 of all stroke victims die as a direct result of the stroke or it's complications.
The benefits
Prolonged period intake of low potassium diet may cause lower serum potassium level in diuretic users, and low potassium intake in those not taking diuretic of that were associated with increased stroke incidence in elder. Lower serum potassium also was associated with a particularly high risk for stroke in the small number of diuretic users. Other in the study of dietary potassium and total energy intake estimated that at baseline by using a 24-hour dietary recall, patients, who follow a low potassium diet of <34.6 mmol potassium per day are at 28% higher hazard of stroke and stroke-associated mortality.
References
(1) Serum potassium level and dietary potassium intake as risk factors for stroke by Green DM, Ropper AH, Kronmal RA, Psaty BM, Burke GL; Cardiovascular Health Study.(PubMed)
(2) Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies by D'Elia L, Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P.(PubMed)
(3) Dietary potassium and stroke-associated mortality. A 12-year prospective population study by Khaw KT, Barrett-Connor E.(PubMed)
4. Potassium and metabolic syndrome
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
Metabolic syndrome
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, insulin resistance often goes along with other health problems, such as diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. These problems are all risk factors for heart disease. When a person has many of these problems at the same time, doctors commonly call it “metabolic syndrome.” It is sometimes called “insulin resistance syndrome” or “syndrome X.” Many people who have type 2 diabetes also have metabolic syndrome
Other defined it as a disorder of energy utilization and storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence of 3 out of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels. The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure, and diabetes.
The benefits
Lower potassium intake may be associated to increased risk of diabetes. The Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2008-2010, The incidence was more prominent in postmenopausal women, but not among men. Diet higher potassium is significantly associated with reduced risk of Metabolic syndrome in women, as well as insulin resistance (IR). In a cross-sectional study in 10,341 participants aged 40 years or older also supported the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese with low serum potassium level. Nordic diet containing important potassium sources with intake in potatoes, fruit and berries, vegetables and milk products, is found to decreased diastolic ambulatory BP and mean arterial pressure as well as metabolic syndrome, may be attributed to higher intake of potassium products.
References
1. Metabolic syndrome (Wikipedia)
2. Metabolic syndrome, (American Academy of Family Physicians)
3. Potassium intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010 by Lee H, Lee J, Hwang SS, Kim S, Chin HJ, Han JS, Heo NJ.(PubMed)
4. Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on ambulatory blood pressure in metabolic syndrome: a randomized SYSDIET sub-study by Brader L , Uusitupa M, Dragsted LO, Hermansen K.(PubMed)
5. Serum potassium level is associated with metabolic syndrome: A population-based study by Sun K, Su T, Li M, Xu B, Xu M, Lu J, Liu J, Bi Y, Ning G.(PubMed)
4. Serum Potassium and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
Fatty liver disease.
Fatty liver disease is defined as a condition of accumulation of fat in the liver, including people who drink little or no alcohol (Non alcohol fatty disease) or who are excessive alcohol drinking (Alcohol fatty liver disease). The disease can even occur after a short period of heavy drinking (acute alcoholic liver disease). More than 15 million people in the U.S. either abuse or overuse alcohol with fatty liver diseases with fat makes up 5-10 percent of liver weight.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical conditions, actually representing an emerging disease of great clinical interest(4).
The benefits
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated to increased risk of metabolic syndrome. In the study of in 8592 subjects with NAFLD (30·3%) and gradually decreased across serum potassium quartiles, to investigate the association of serum potassium with the risk of prevalent NAFLD. The result showed a significant relation between serum potassium level and NAFLD in women, younger subjects, those with insulin resistance and central obesity. Other in the study to investigate the association between NAFLD and primary aldosteronism (PA), and to identify determinants of NAFLD in this condition, showed that Serum potassium was lower in primary aldosteronism (PA) than in LREH patients with NAFLD (P < 0.001), while it was similar in PA and LREH patients without NAFLD.
References
(1) Low serum potassium level is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related metabolic disorders by Sun K, Lu J, Jiang Y, Xu M, Xu Y, Zhang J, Xu B, Sun J, Sun W, Ren C, Liu J, Wang W, Bi Y, Ning G.(PubMed)
(2) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary aldosteronism: a pilot study by Fallo F, Dalla Pozza A, Tecchio M, Tona F, Sonino N, Ermani M, Catena C, Bertello C, Mulatero P, Sabato N, Fabris B, Sechi LA.(PubMed)
(3) Review article: the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease -- availability and accuracy of non-invasive methods by Festi D, Schiumerini R, Marzi L, Di Biase AR, Mandolesi D, Montrone L, Scaioli E, Bonato G, Marchesini-Reggiani G, Colecchia A.(PubMed)
5. Serum potassium and chronic kidney disease
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
The benefits
Kidney is an important organ to keep the serum potassium (K+) level in range for normal physiology within the human body. Late stage chronic kidney disease patients are associated with high levels of serum potassium. Other in the study of the incidence of hyperkalemia in dogs with CKD, found hyperkalemia to be associated with commercial renal diets but with potassium-reduced diets hyperkalemia can be corrected.
Chronic kidney disease is a progression of degeneration of kidney function over a prolonged period of time, most often in years.
References
(1) Higher serum potassium level associated with late stage chronic kidney disease by Hsieh MF, Wu IW, Lee CC, Wang SY, Wu MS.(PubMed)
(2) Correction of hyperkalemia in dogs with chronic kidney disease consuming commercial renal therapeutic diets by a potassium-reduced home-prepared diet by Segev G, Fascetti AJ, Weeth LP, Cowgill LD.(PubMed)
6. Serum Potassium and Diabetic Nephropathy
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
The Normal serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L. The total body potassium is lower in females and in older patients, serum potassium concentration is independent of sex and age.
Diabetic Nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease caused by disease of the blood vessels in the kidney glomeruli in diabetics.
The benefits
Angiotensin, a peptide hormone with function to cause vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure. Its inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers such as lisinopril (80 mg) were randomized to spironolactone (25 mg daily), losartan (100 mg daily) prescibed in conventional medicine for treating diabetic nephropathy may be distribute more safe depending to the levels of serum potassium after intake of the medicine. In a blinded, randomized, three-arm placebo-controlled clinical trial, 80 participants with diabetic nephropathy taking lisinopril (80 mg) were randomized to spironolactone (25 mg daily), losartan (100 mg daily), or placebo (trial dates from July of 2003 to December of 2006), researcher suggested that a better understanding of extrarenal potassium homeostasis will provide an opportunity to use this drug more safely in patients with diabetic nephropathy as well as other patient populations.
Reference
(1) Potassium Handling with Dual Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition in Diabetic Nephropathy by Van Buren PN, Adams-Huet B, Nguyen M, Molina C, Toto RD.(PubMed)
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
The Normal serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L. The total body potassium is lower in females and in older patients, serum potassium concentration is independent of sex and age.
Hemodialysis is the most common method to remove waste products for treatment in advanced and permanent kidney failure.
The benefits
Albumin is a protein made by the liver and found in your blood with function to help your body maintain fluid balance. Hypoalbuminemia, a medical condition where levels of albumin in blood serum are abnormally low characterized by with lower Serum potassium and lower Serum sodium. In a study of Lower serum potassium combined with lower sodium concentrations predict long-term mortality risk in hemodialysis patients, suggested that hemodialysis patients with hypoalbuminemia combined with lower normalized protein catabolism rate (nPCR) are associated with is associated with worse health outcomes, more complex clinical management, and increased health care costs and those patients with higher levels of serum potassium and serum sodium tended to have better clinical outcomes. Other in the study of the same in chronic. indicated that hypoalbuminemia patients also had a lower cumulative survival rate than hyperkalemia (hyperK) patients.
References
(1) Lower serum potassium combined with lower sodium concentrations predict long-term mortality risk in hemodialysis patients by Hwang JC, Jiang MY, Wang CT.(PubMed)
(2) Hypokalemia is associated with increased mortality rate in chronic hemodialysis patients, by Hwang JC, Wang CT, Chen CA, Chen HC.(PubMed)
8. Serum potassium and leptospirosis
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
The Normal serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L. The total body potassium is lower in females and in older patients, serum potassium concentration is independent of sex and age.
Leptospirosis is disease caused by bacteria as a result of contact with water, soil or food contaminated by urine from infected animals.
The benefits
Patient infected by bacteria cause of Leptospirosisis susceptible to hypokalemic acute renal failure characterized with low level of serum of potassium and sodium may be associated to increased risk of mortality. In the study to measure the levels of serum potassium and serum creatinine andduration of symptoms at admission, showed the death rate increased with serum potassium: 11.1% in the hypoK, 14.7% in the normoK and 47.1% in the hyperK group (p = 0.002). the result suggested that hypoK is an positive and independent risk correlated with the risk of in-hospital death and hyperK are directly associated to increase risk of mortality in patient with Leptospirosis. Other in the study of the same also indicated that older age was also strongly and independently associated with higher risk of death.
Reference
(1) The association between serum potassium at hospital admission and the case-fatality rate of leptospirosis in men by Lopes AA, Costa E, Costa YA, Bina JC, Sacramento E.(PubMed)
(2) Comparative study of the in-hospital case-fatality rate of leptospirosis between pediatric and adult patients of different age groups by Lopes AA, Costa E, Costa YA, Sacramento E, de Oliveira Junior AR, Lopes MB, Lopes GB.(PubMed)
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A. Potassium
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
1. Potassium and hypertension
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. High blood pressure means raising pressure in your heart.If it stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways.
The benefits
Administration of high potassium diets is found to be effective in lowering of blood pressure in some animal models of hypertension. Researchers suggested that the effect may be the result of diuretic action in reducing the extracellular fluid volume, thus decreased blood pressure. Others insisted that the lowering blood pressure of high potassium diet may enhance the potassium modifies central or the peripheral neural mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. In fact, increase fruit and vegetable intake such as banana, papaya, mango, spinach, tomatoes, etc., may help increase dietary potassium and reduce hypertension-related disease.
References
(1) Role of dietary potassium in the treatment of hypertension by Treasure J, Ploth D.(PubMed)
(2) Potassium and fruit and vegetable intakes in relation to social determinants and access to produce in New York City by Loftfield E, Yi S, Curtis CJ, Bartley K, Kansagra SM.(PubMed)
(3) Endoscopic Removal of Pharmacobezoar in Case of Intentional Potassium Overdose by Briggs AL, Deal LL.(PubMed)
2. Potassium and Cardiovascular diseases
Beside cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans everyday. Approximately 60 million Americans have heart disease. There are many causes of heart diseases. Most of heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) build up in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart.
The benefits
High diet of potassium is found to be effective in reducing the risk of stroke and CHD and total CVD, in the 11 Eleven studies with 15 cohort samples that included 247,510 male and female participants (follow-up 5 to 19 years), 7,066 strokes, 3,058 coronary heart disease (CHD) events. A systematic review also indicated that increased potassium intake reduces blood pressure in people with hypertension and has no adverse effect on blood lipid concentrations, catecholamine concentrations, or renal function in adults.
References
(1) Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies by D'Elia L, Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P.(PubMed)
(2) Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses by Aburto NJ, Hanson S, Gutierrez H, Hooper L, Elliott P, Cappuccio FP.(PubMed)
3. Potassium and stroke
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
Besides cancer and heart diseases, stroke is the third leading cause of death. Approximate 1/4 of all stroke victims die as a direct result of the stroke or it's complications.
The benefits
Prolonged period intake of low potassium diet may cause lower serum potassium level in diuretic users, and low potassium intake in those not taking diuretic of that were associated with increased stroke incidence in elder. Lower serum potassium also was associated with a particularly high risk for stroke in the small number of diuretic users. Other in the study of dietary potassium and total energy intake estimated that at baseline by using a 24-hour dietary recall, patients, who follow a low potassium diet of <34.6 mmol potassium per day are at 28% higher hazard of stroke and stroke-associated mortality.
References
(1) Serum potassium level and dietary potassium intake as risk factors for stroke by Green DM, Ropper AH, Kronmal RA, Psaty BM, Burke GL; Cardiovascular Health Study.(PubMed)
(2) Potassium intake, stroke, and cardiovascular disease a meta-analysis of prospective studies by D'Elia L, Barba G, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P.(PubMed)
(3) Dietary potassium and stroke-associated mortality. A 12-year prospective population study by Khaw KT, Barrett-Connor E.(PubMed)
4. Potassium and metabolic syndrome
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
Metabolic syndrome
According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, insulin resistance often goes along with other health problems, such as diabetes, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. These problems are all risk factors for heart disease. When a person has many of these problems at the same time, doctors commonly call it “metabolic syndrome.” It is sometimes called “insulin resistance syndrome” or “syndrome X.” Many people who have type 2 diabetes also have metabolic syndrome
Other defined it as a disorder of energy utilization and storage, diagnosed by a co-occurrence of 3 out of five of the following medical conditions: abdominal (central) obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density cholesterol (HDL) levels. The metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, particularly heart failure, and diabetes.
The benefits
Lower potassium intake may be associated to increased risk of diabetes. The Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2008-2010, The incidence was more prominent in postmenopausal women, but not among men. Diet higher potassium is significantly associated with reduced risk of Metabolic syndrome in women, as well as insulin resistance (IR). In a cross-sectional study in 10,341 participants aged 40 years or older also supported the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly Chinese with low serum potassium level. Nordic diet containing important potassium sources with intake in potatoes, fruit and berries, vegetables and milk products, is found to decreased diastolic ambulatory BP and mean arterial pressure as well as metabolic syndrome, may be attributed to higher intake of potassium products.
References
1. Metabolic syndrome (Wikipedia)
2. Metabolic syndrome, (American Academy of Family Physicians)
3. Potassium intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010 by Lee H, Lee J, Hwang SS, Kim S, Chin HJ, Han JS, Heo NJ.(PubMed)
4. Effects of an isocaloric healthy Nordic diet on ambulatory blood pressure in metabolic syndrome: a randomized SYSDIET sub-study by Brader L , Uusitupa M, Dragsted LO, Hermansen K.(PubMed)
5. Serum potassium level is associated with metabolic syndrome: A population-based study by Sun K, Su T, Li M, Xu B, Xu M, Lu J, Liu J, Bi Y, Ning G.(PubMed)
4. Serum Potassium and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
Fatty liver disease.
Fatty liver disease is defined as a condition of accumulation of fat in the liver, including people who drink little or no alcohol (Non alcohol fatty disease) or who are excessive alcohol drinking (Alcohol fatty liver disease). The disease can even occur after a short period of heavy drinking (acute alcoholic liver disease). More than 15 million people in the U.S. either abuse or overuse alcohol with fatty liver diseases with fat makes up 5-10 percent of liver weight.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of clinical conditions, actually representing an emerging disease of great clinical interest(4).
The benefits
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are associated to increased risk of metabolic syndrome. In the study of in 8592 subjects with NAFLD (30·3%) and gradually decreased across serum potassium quartiles, to investigate the association of serum potassium with the risk of prevalent NAFLD. The result showed a significant relation between serum potassium level and NAFLD in women, younger subjects, those with insulin resistance and central obesity. Other in the study to investigate the association between NAFLD and primary aldosteronism (PA), and to identify determinants of NAFLD in this condition, showed that Serum potassium was lower in primary aldosteronism (PA) than in LREH patients with NAFLD (P < 0.001), while it was similar in PA and LREH patients without NAFLD.
References
(1) Low serum potassium level is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and its related metabolic disorders by Sun K, Lu J, Jiang Y, Xu M, Xu Y, Zhang J, Xu B, Sun J, Sun W, Ren C, Liu J, Wang W, Bi Y, Ning G.(PubMed)
(2) Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in primary aldosteronism: a pilot study by Fallo F, Dalla Pozza A, Tecchio M, Tona F, Sonino N, Ermani M, Catena C, Bertello C, Mulatero P, Sabato N, Fabris B, Sechi LA.(PubMed)
(3) Review article: the diagnosis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease -- availability and accuracy of non-invasive methods by Festi D, Schiumerini R, Marzi L, Di Biase AR, Mandolesi D, Montrone L, Scaioli E, Bonato G, Marchesini-Reggiani G, Colecchia A.(PubMed)
5. Serum potassium and chronic kidney disease
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
The benefits
Kidney is an important organ to keep the serum potassium (K+) level in range for normal physiology within the human body. Late stage chronic kidney disease patients are associated with high levels of serum potassium. Other in the study of the incidence of hyperkalemia in dogs with CKD, found hyperkalemia to be associated with commercial renal diets but with potassium-reduced diets hyperkalemia can be corrected.
Chronic kidney disease is a progression of degeneration of kidney function over a prolonged period of time, most often in years.
References
(1) Higher serum potassium level associated with late stage chronic kidney disease by Hsieh MF, Wu IW, Lee CC, Wang SY, Wu MS.(PubMed)
(2) Correction of hyperkalemia in dogs with chronic kidney disease consuming commercial renal therapeutic diets by a potassium-reduced home-prepared diet by Segev G, Fascetti AJ, Weeth LP, Cowgill LD.(PubMed)
6. Serum Potassium and Diabetic Nephropathy
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
The Normal serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L. The total body potassium is lower in females and in older patients, serum potassium concentration is independent of sex and age.
Diabetic Nephropathy is a progressive kidney disease caused by disease of the blood vessels in the kidney glomeruli in diabetics.
The benefits
Angiotensin, a peptide hormone with function to cause vasoconstriction and a subsequent increase in blood pressure. Its inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers such as lisinopril (80 mg) were randomized to spironolactone (25 mg daily), losartan (100 mg daily) prescibed in conventional medicine for treating diabetic nephropathy may be distribute more safe depending to the levels of serum potassium after intake of the medicine. In a blinded, randomized, three-arm placebo-controlled clinical trial, 80 participants with diabetic nephropathy taking lisinopril (80 mg) were randomized to spironolactone (25 mg daily), losartan (100 mg daily), or placebo (trial dates from July of 2003 to December of 2006), researcher suggested that a better understanding of extrarenal potassium homeostasis will provide an opportunity to use this drug more safely in patients with diabetic nephropathy as well as other patient populations.
Reference
(1) Potassium Handling with Dual Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition in Diabetic Nephropathy by Van Buren PN, Adams-Huet B, Nguyen M, Molina C, Toto RD.(PubMed)
(2) Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Chapter 195, Serum Potassium by Asghar Rastegar.
7. Lower serum potassium in hemodialysis patients
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health. In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
The Normal serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L. The total body potassium is lower in females and in older patients, serum potassium concentration is independent of sex and age.
Hemodialysis is the most common method to remove waste products for treatment in advanced and permanent kidney failure.
The benefits
Albumin is a protein made by the liver and found in your blood with function to help your body maintain fluid balance. Hypoalbuminemia, a medical condition where levels of albumin in blood serum are abnormally low characterized by with lower Serum potassium and lower Serum sodium. In a study of Lower serum potassium combined with lower sodium concentrations predict long-term mortality risk in hemodialysis patients, suggested that hemodialysis patients with hypoalbuminemia combined with lower normalized protein catabolism rate (nPCR) are associated with is associated with worse health outcomes, more complex clinical management, and increased health care costs and those patients with higher levels of serum potassium and serum sodium tended to have better clinical outcomes. Other in the study of the same in chronic. indicated that hypoalbuminemia patients also had a lower cumulative survival rate than hyperkalemia (hyperK) patients.
References
(1) Lower serum potassium combined with lower sodium concentrations predict long-term mortality risk in hemodialysis patients by Hwang JC, Jiang MY, Wang CT.(PubMed)
(2) Hypokalemia is associated with increased mortality rate in chronic hemodialysis patients, by Hwang JC, Wang CT, Chen CA, Chen HC.(PubMed)
8. Serum potassium and leptospirosis
Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.
In General, potassium is a very essential mineral to the human body for maintaining to build proteins and muscle, break down carbohydrates, maintain normal body growth and normal heart electricity, etc.
The Normal serum potassium is 3.5 to 5.5 mEq/L. The total body potassium is lower in females and in older patients, serum potassium concentration is independent of sex and age.
Leptospirosis is disease caused by bacteria as a result of contact with water, soil or food contaminated by urine from infected animals.
The benefits
Patient infected by bacteria cause of Leptospirosisis susceptible to hypokalemic acute renal failure characterized with low level of serum of potassium and sodium may be associated to increased risk of mortality. In the study to measure the levels of serum potassium and serum creatinine andduration of symptoms at admission, showed the death rate increased with serum potassium: 11.1% in the hypoK, 14.7% in the normoK and 47.1% in the hyperK group (p = 0.002). the result suggested that hypoK is an positive and independent risk correlated with the risk of in-hospital death and hyperK are directly associated to increase risk of mortality in patient with Leptospirosis. Other in the study of the same also indicated that older age was also strongly and independently associated with higher risk of death.
Reference
(1) The association between serum potassium at hospital admission and the case-fatality rate of leptospirosis in men by Lopes AA, Costa E, Costa YA, Bina JC, Sacramento E.(PubMed)
(2) Comparative study of the in-hospital case-fatality rate of leptospirosis between pediatric and adult patients of different age groups by Lopes AA, Costa E, Costa YA, Sacramento E, de Oliveira Junior AR, Lopes MB, Lopes GB.(PubMed)
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Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana)
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc., effect.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
1. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Constipation
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,
Constipation is a condition of bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. Statistic showed that constipation most often are women, adults ages 65 and older. Constipation is highly prevalent, with approximately 12 million general practitioner prescriptions for laxatives in England in 2001.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Constipation is highly prevalent, with approximately 12 million general practitioner prescriptions for laxatives in England in 2001. Cascara Sagrada, the herb used as laxative in herbal medicine may be a potential use to treat constipation. Other in the study of Effect of ear mushroom (Auricularia) on functional constipation, showed a positive result of Both ear mushrooms alone and ear mushrooms with additives (including Cascara Sagrada) in significantly improved number of bowel movement, straining, sense of incomplete evacuation, stool consistency and satisfactory relief in patients with functional chronic constipation. 'Fiber 7' supplement used in oral diet has found to be effective to allow discontinuation of laxatives in 63 of 92 nursing home residents
References
(1) Rhamnus purshiana (Cascara)
(2) Constipation in adults. by Mueller-Lissner SA, Wald A.(PubMed)
(3) [Effect of ear mushroom (Auricularia) on functional constipation].[Article in Korean] by Kim TI, Park SJ, Choi CH, Lee SK, Kim WH.(PubMed)
2. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and type 2 diabetes
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Emodin, a natural component of Cascara Sagrada, beside stimulates AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activity in skeletal muscle and liver cells, but is found to be effective in treating insulin sensitivity by regulating the glucose homeostasis, by AMPK activation of that the component may represent a novel therapeutic principle in the treatment of type 2 diabetic models. The Tsinghua University and Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica in the study of emodin also support the use of emodin in treating diabetes and metabolic syndrome
References
(1) Emodin regulates glucose utilization by activating AMP-activated protein kinase by Song P, Kim JH, Ghim J, Yoon JH, Lee A, Kwon Y, Hyun H, Moon HY, Choi HS, Berggren PO, Suh PG, Ryu SH.(PubMed)
(2) Promotion of adiponectin multimerization by emodin: a novel AMPK activator with PPARγ-agonist activity by Chen Z, Zhang L, Yi J, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Li Z.(PubMed)
(3) Emodin, a natural product, selectively inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced obese mice by Feng Y, Huang SL, Dou W, Zhang S, Chen JH, Shen Y, Shen JH, Leng Y.(PubMed)
3. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Pancreatic cancer
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc..
Cancer of pancreas or pancreatic cancer is defined as condition of a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, as the cells have become cancerous and divided uncontrollably. Most pancreatic cancers start in the ducts (exocrine component of the pancreas) that carry pancreatic juices with cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue accounts for over 75 - 90% of all cases of exocrine cancers.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Emodin, found in Cascara Sagrada have showed in some studies as a potential source in treating many types of cancer. In panceatic cancer, the chemical constutents exerted its anti-tumor effect on via its dual role in the promotion of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesisa. Other studies by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Emodin and gemcitabine conbination potentiate the inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth induced by gemcitabine both in vitro and in vivo, which might be achieved by up-regulating the expression of Bax and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2.
References
(1) Antitumor activity of emodin against pancreatic cancer depends on its dual role: promotion of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis by SZ, Wei WT, Chen H, Chen KJ, Tong HF, Wang ZH, Ni ZL, Liu HB, Guo HC, Liu DL.(PubMed)
(2) [Emodin combined gemcitabine inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo and its mechanisms study].[Article in Chinese] by u A, Luo J, Zhang JH. (PubMed)
4. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Anti viral effects
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Hot glycerin extracts were prepared from some herbal plants, including Cascara Sagrada is found to be effective in exerting their anti viral activities including herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. In the combined emodin plus Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) study, showed a weak but persistent inhibitory effect on HBV replication in vivo, which may function as a supplementary modality in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. In SARS, Isatis indigotica root extract, five major compounds of I. indigotica root, and seven plant-derived phenolic compounds were tested, only compounds aloe emodin and hesperetin dose-dependently inhibited cleavage activity of the 3CLpro,
References
(1) Inactivation of enveloped viruses by anthraquinones extracted from plants.Sydiskis RJ, Owen DG, Lohr JL, Rosler KH, Blomster RN.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibitory effect of emodin and Astragalus polysaccharide on the replication of HBV. by Dang SS, Jia XL, Song P, Cheng YA, Zhang X, Sun MZ, Liu EQ.(PubMed)
(3) Anti-SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease effects of Isatis indigotica root and plant-derived phenolic compounds by Lin CW, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Lai CC, Wan L, Ho TY, Hsieh CC, Chao PD.(PubMed)
5. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Anti bacterial effects
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The Benefits
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality. emodin (EM), the major component found in Cascara Sagrada and many other plants conbined with ampicillin (AM) or oxacillin (OX) have a showed a positive effects against all strains resulted in a fractional inhibitory concentrations index (FICI) ranging from 0.37-0.5 and from 0.37-0.75, respectively. Other in the study of the effect of glycoside on the antibacterial activity of aloin, showed Aloe-emodin (inhibition diameter < 5.0 mm), changed the morphology of E. coli and damaged the outer cell structrue.
References
(1) Synergistic effect of emodin in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.by Lee YS, Kang OH, Choi JG, Oh YC, Keum JH, Kim SB, Jeong GS, Kim YC, Shin DW, Kwon DY.(PubMed)
(2) [Relationship between antibacterial activity of aloe and its anthaquinone compounds].
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8. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Liver cancer
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of primary liver cancer.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
1. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Constipation
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,
Constipation is a condition of bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. Statistic showed that constipation most often are women, adults ages 65 and older. Constipation is highly prevalent, with approximately 12 million general practitioner prescriptions for laxatives in England in 2001.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Constipation is highly prevalent, with approximately 12 million general practitioner prescriptions for laxatives in England in 2001. Cascara Sagrada, the herb used as laxative in herbal medicine may be a potential use to treat constipation. Other in the study of Effect of ear mushroom (Auricularia) on functional constipation, showed a positive result of Both ear mushrooms alone and ear mushrooms with additives (including Cascara Sagrada) in significantly improved number of bowel movement, straining, sense of incomplete evacuation, stool consistency and satisfactory relief in patients with functional chronic constipation. 'Fiber 7' supplement used in oral diet has found to be effective to allow discontinuation of laxatives in 63 of 92 nursing home residents
References
(1) Rhamnus purshiana (Cascara)
(2) Constipation in adults. by Mueller-Lissner SA, Wald A.(PubMed)
(3) [Effect of ear mushroom (Auricularia) on functional constipation].[Article in Korean] by Kim TI, Park SJ, Choi CH, Lee SK, Kim WH.(PubMed)
2. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and type 2 diabetes
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Emodin, a natural component of Cascara Sagrada, beside stimulates AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) activity in skeletal muscle and liver cells, but is found to be effective in treating insulin sensitivity by regulating the glucose homeostasis, by AMPK activation of that the component may represent a novel therapeutic principle in the treatment of type 2 diabetic models. The Tsinghua University and Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica in the study of emodin also support the use of emodin in treating diabetes and metabolic syndrome
References
(1) Emodin regulates glucose utilization by activating AMP-activated protein kinase by Song P, Kim JH, Ghim J, Yoon JH, Lee A, Kwon Y, Hyun H, Moon HY, Choi HS, Berggren PO, Suh PG, Ryu SH.(PubMed)
(2) Promotion of adiponectin multimerization by emodin: a novel AMPK activator with PPARγ-agonist activity by Chen Z, Zhang L, Yi J, Yang Z, Zhang Z, Li Z.(PubMed)
(3) Emodin, a natural product, selectively inhibits 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and ameliorates metabolic disorder in diet-induced obese mice by Feng Y, Huang SL, Dou W, Zhang S, Chen JH, Shen Y, Shen JH, Leng Y.(PubMed)
3. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Pancreatic cancer
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc..
Cancer of pancreas or pancreatic cancer is defined as condition of a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, as the cells have become cancerous and divided uncontrollably. Most pancreatic cancers start in the ducts (exocrine component of the pancreas) that carry pancreatic juices with cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue accounts for over 75 - 90% of all cases of exocrine cancers.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Emodin, found in Cascara Sagrada have showed in some studies as a potential source in treating many types of cancer. In panceatic cancer, the chemical constutents exerted its anti-tumor effect on via its dual role in the promotion of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesisa. Other studies by the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Emodin and gemcitabine conbination potentiate the inhibition of pancreatic cancer growth induced by gemcitabine both in vitro and in vivo, which might be achieved by up-regulating the expression of Bax and down-regulating the expression of Bcl-2.
References
(1) Antitumor activity of emodin against pancreatic cancer depends on its dual role: promotion of apoptosis and suppression of angiogenesis by SZ, Wei WT, Chen H, Chen KJ, Tong HF, Wang ZH, Ni ZL, Liu HB, Guo HC, Liu DL.(PubMed)
(2) [Emodin combined gemcitabine inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo and its mechanisms study].[Article in Chinese] by u A, Luo J, Zhang JH. (PubMed)
4. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Anti viral effects
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Hot glycerin extracts were prepared from some herbal plants, including Cascara Sagrada is found to be effective in exerting their anti viral activities including herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2. In the combined emodin plus Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) study, showed a weak but persistent inhibitory effect on HBV replication in vivo, which may function as a supplementary modality in the treatment of hepatitis B infection. In SARS, Isatis indigotica root extract, five major compounds of I. indigotica root, and seven plant-derived phenolic compounds were tested, only compounds aloe emodin and hesperetin dose-dependently inhibited cleavage activity of the 3CLpro,
References
(1) Inactivation of enveloped viruses by anthraquinones extracted from plants.Sydiskis RJ, Owen DG, Lohr JL, Rosler KH, Blomster RN.(PubMed)
(2) Inhibitory effect of emodin and Astragalus polysaccharide on the replication of HBV. by Dang SS, Jia XL, Song P, Cheng YA, Zhang X, Sun MZ, Liu EQ.(PubMed)
(3) Anti-SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease effects of Isatis indigotica root and plant-derived phenolic compounds by Lin CW, Tsai FJ, Tsai CH, Lai CC, Wan L, Ho TY, Hsieh CC, Chao PD.(PubMed)
5. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Anti bacterial effects
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The Benefits
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality. emodin (EM), the major component found in Cascara Sagrada and many other plants conbined with ampicillin (AM) or oxacillin (OX) have a showed a positive effects against all strains resulted in a fractional inhibitory concentrations index (FICI) ranging from 0.37-0.5 and from 0.37-0.75, respectively. Other in the study of the effect of glycoside on the antibacterial activity of aloin, showed Aloe-emodin (inhibition diameter < 5.0 mm), changed the morphology of E. coli and damaged the outer cell structrue.
References
(1) Synergistic effect of emodin in combination with ampicillin or oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.by Lee YS, Kang OH, Choi JG, Oh YC, Keum JH, Kim SB, Jeong GS, Kim YC, Shin DW, Kwon DY.(PubMed)
(2) [Relationship between antibacterial activity of aloe and its anthaquinone compounds].
[Article in Chinese] by Tian B, Hua YJ, Ma XQ, Wang GL.(PubMed)
6. Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and breast cancer
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.,
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Emodin and Aloe-Emodin, the 2 major conponents found in Cascara Sagrada, is found to be effective in inhibiting breast cancer cell proliferation by downregulating ER α protein levels. Other in the conbined study of Curcumin and emodin on tumor cell growth not only provide insight into the mechanism of synergy between curcumin and emodin in breast cancer cells, but also suggest a new and potentially useful approach for breast cancer therapy. Also in the study by the University, Hong Kong, emodin is found to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through the modulation of the expression of apoptosis-related genes.
References
(1) Emodin and Aloe-Emodin Suppress Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation through ER α Inhibition, byHuang PH, Huang CY, Chen MC, Lee YT, Yue CH, Wang HY, Lin H.(PubMed)
(2) Synergistic effects of curcumin with emodin against the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through upregulation of miR-34a. by Guo J, Li W, Shi H, Xie X, Li L, Tang H, Wu M, Kong Y, Yang L, Gao J, Liu P, Wei W, Xie X.(PubMed)
(3) Emodin induces cytotoxic effect in human breast carcinoma MCF-7 cell through modulating the expression of apoptosis-related genes by Li WY, Chan RY, Yu PH, Chan SW.(PubMed)
7. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Prostate cancer
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc..
Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The benefits
Aloe-emodin, a chemical constituent found in Cascara Sagrada is found to inhibit both proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of PC3 cells by targeting mTORC2. Other major compound of emodin, Cascara Sagrada in the study of its effective on prostate and lung cancers, showed to inhibit proliferation, induce apoptosis, suppress angiogenesis, impede metastasis, and enhance chemotherapy as a novel blocker of CXCR4 expression
References
(1) Aloe-emodin suppresses prostate cancer by targeting the mTOR complex 2 by Liu K, Park C, Li S, Lee KW, Liu H, He L, Soung NK, Ahn JS, Bode AM, Dong Z, Kim BY, Dong Z.(PubMed)
(2) Emodin inhibits invasion and migration of prostate and lung cancer cells by downregulating the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4 by Ok S, Kim SM, Kim C, Nam D, Shim BS, Kim SH, Ahn KS, Choi SH, Ahn KS.(PubMed)
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8. Herbal Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Liver cancer
Cascara sagrada is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc..
Liver cancer is defined as a condition of out of controlled growth of hepatocellular cells in the liver. Since the organ is a soft tissue with less nerve, most liver cancer patient are diagnosed in the later stage of the cancer. According to the statistic, liver cancer remains the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women worldwide.Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of primary liver cancer.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A, B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The health benefits
It is believe that the Gene CXC12 with diverted cellular functions and CXCR4, a protein in the cell surface chemical reactions may involve in the process of development of liver cancer. Down regulation of CXCR4 expression in these reaction may be considered in prevention and treatment the spread of liver cancer. Emodin, a major chemical constituent found in Cascara Sagrada exerted its anti cancer activities by inhibiting the NF-κB activation (inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation and apoptosis) and suppression of CXCL12-induced the spread and invasion in HCC cell lines. In HepG2 cells, in doses depending manner, emodin increased the protein level of cellular tumor antigen (P53) and decreased the protein level of NF-κB/p65 (mutation of gene causes of cancers) in HepG2 cells, a liver cancer cell line. The search team at Wuhan University, also found that emodin not only down regulated expression of (a protein in regulating and contributing to programmed cell death or apoptosis, but also inhibited the heterodimerization of Bcl-2 with Bax (pro-apoptotic Bax protein). Through these results, emodin suppression of CXCR4 signaling pathway as well as controlling the process of a multifaceted complex cascade of events in liver progression may be another choices in treating liver cancer. The other chemical constituent, Aloe-emodin, also is found to exert its anti cancer effect on the proliferation of hepatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells as it inhibited
the Huh-7 cells (an inherited disorder) in dose- and time-dependent manners and anti proliferative effect via induction of DNA damage and apoptosis.
References
(1) Emodin suppresses migration and invasion through the modulation of CXCR4 expression in an orthotopic model of human hepatocellular carcinoma by Manu KA, Shanmugam MK, Ong TH, Subramaniam A, Siveen KS, Perumal E, Samy RP, Bist P, Lim LH, Kumar AP, Hui KM, Sethi G.(PubMed)
(2) Emodin regulates apoptotic pathway in human liver cancer cells by Yu JQ, Bao W, Lei JC.(PubMed)
(3) Apoptosis by aloe-emodin is mediated through down-regulation of calpain-2 and ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells by Jeon W, Jeon YK, Nam MJ.(PubMed)
9. Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and bladder cancer
Bladder cancer is most common type of cancer that effect men twice as frequently as it effects women. Usually it starts from the lining the bladder caused by several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder cells.
10. Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Ovarian cancer
11. Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and primary glioblastoma
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The health benefits
It is believe that the Gene CXC12 with diverted cellular functions and CXCR4, a protein in the cell surface chemical reactions may involve in the process of development of liver cancer. Down regulation of CXCR4 expression in these reaction may be considered in prevention and treatment the spread of liver cancer. Emodin, a major chemical constituent found in Cascara Sagrada exerted its anti cancer activities by inhibiting the NF-κB activation (inflammation, immunity, cell proliferation and apoptosis) and suppression of CXCL12-induced the spread and invasion in HCC cell lines. In HepG2 cells, in doses depending manner, emodin increased the protein level of cellular tumor antigen (P53) and decreased the protein level of NF-κB/p65 (mutation of gene causes of cancers) in HepG2 cells, a liver cancer cell line. The search team at Wuhan University, also found that emodin not only down regulated expression of (a protein in regulating and contributing to programmed cell death or apoptosis, but also inhibited the heterodimerization of Bcl-2 with Bax (pro-apoptotic Bax protein). Through these results, emodin suppression of CXCR4 signaling pathway as well as controlling the process of a multifaceted complex cascade of events in liver progression may be another choices in treating liver cancer. The other chemical constituent, Aloe-emodin, also is found to exert its anti cancer effect on the proliferation of hepatic hepatocellular carcinoma cells as it inhibited
the Huh-7 cells (an inherited disorder) in dose- and time-dependent manners and anti proliferative effect via induction of DNA damage and apoptosis.
References
(1) Emodin suppresses migration and invasion through the modulation of CXCR4 expression in an orthotopic model of human hepatocellular carcinoma by Manu KA, Shanmugam MK, Ong TH, Subramaniam A, Siveen KS, Perumal E, Samy RP, Bist P, Lim LH, Kumar AP, Hui KM, Sethi G.(PubMed)
(2) Emodin regulates apoptotic pathway in human liver cancer cells by Yu JQ, Bao W, Lei JC.(PubMed)
(3) Apoptosis by aloe-emodin is mediated through down-regulation of calpain-2 and ubiquitin-protein ligase E3A in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells by Jeon W, Jeon YK, Nam MJ.(PubMed)
9. Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and bladder cancer
Cascara sagrada
is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family
Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in
traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc
The bladder is a hollow elastic organ in the center of the lower abdomen that collects urine from the kidneys and excreted them through the urethra.Bladder cancer is most common type of cancer that effect men twice as frequently as it effects women. Usually it starts from the lining the bladder caused by several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder cells.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada
include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A,
B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones
palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The health benefits
Genetic markers may play an important role in prevention and treatment of cancers. Suggestion of deregulation of gene activity occur early may be the reason of cancers subsequently. Genetic study showed that patients with bladder cancer has a low genetic marker histone H3K27 trimethylation (important regulatory factors) and high histone H3S10 phosphorylation (elevated levels on the highly condensed, transcriptionally inactive mitotic chromosomes) in bladder tissues but opposite expression in normal people, Emodin, a chemical constituent, in study found to be effective in alternation of epigenetic modifications in suppression of pH3Ser10 and increased H3K27me3. There results showed the interaction of emodin in mediated epigenetic modulation of target genes and anti-neoplastic activity in bladder cancer cell. Aloe-emodin, another chemical compound is found to be effective in causing apoptosis of T24 cells through the activation of p53 (the protein level of cellular tumor antigen), p21(a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), Fas/APO-1(a cell-surface protein capable of inducing apoptosis), Bax (Gene) and caspase-3(a caspase protein).
References
(1) Emodin modulates epigenetic modifications and suppresses bladder carcinoma cell growth by Cha TL, Chuang MJ, Tang SH, Wu ST, Sun KH, Chen TT, Sun GH, Chang SY, Yu CP, Ho JY, Liu SY, Huang SM, Yu DS.(PubMed)
(2) Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells through the p53 dependent apoptotic pathway by Lin JG, Chen GW, Li TM, Chouh ST, Tan TW, Chung JG.(PubMed)
The health benefits
Genetic markers may play an important role in prevention and treatment of cancers. Suggestion of deregulation of gene activity occur early may be the reason of cancers subsequently. Genetic study showed that patients with bladder cancer has a low genetic marker histone H3K27 trimethylation (important regulatory factors) and high histone H3S10 phosphorylation (elevated levels on the highly condensed, transcriptionally inactive mitotic chromosomes) in bladder tissues but opposite expression in normal people, Emodin, a chemical constituent, in study found to be effective in alternation of epigenetic modifications in suppression of pH3Ser10 and increased H3K27me3. There results showed the interaction of emodin in mediated epigenetic modulation of target genes and anti-neoplastic activity in bladder cancer cell. Aloe-emodin, another chemical compound is found to be effective in causing apoptosis of T24 cells through the activation of p53 (the protein level of cellular tumor antigen), p21(a potent cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor), Fas/APO-1(a cell-surface protein capable of inducing apoptosis), Bax (Gene) and caspase-3(a caspase protein).
References
(1) Emodin modulates epigenetic modifications and suppresses bladder carcinoma cell growth by Cha TL, Chuang MJ, Tang SH, Wu ST, Sun KH, Chen TT, Sun GH, Chang SY, Yu CP, Ho JY, Liu SY, Huang SM, Yu DS.(PubMed)
(2) Aloe-emodin induces apoptosis in T24 human bladder cancer cells through the p53 dependent apoptotic pathway by Lin JG, Chen GW, Li TM, Chouh ST, Tan TW, Chung JG.(PubMed)
10. Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and Ovarian cancer
Cascara sagrada
is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family
Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in
traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.
Ovarian cancer is defined as a condition of abnormal cells growth of ovarian cells as that have become cancerous. It is one of most common cancer in US, according to the statistics adapted from the American Cancer Society's publication, Cancer Facts & Figures 2010, an estimated 21,880 women in the United States will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 13,850 deaths
Ovarian cancer is defined as a condition of abnormal cells growth of ovarian cells as that have become cancerous. It is one of most common cancer in US, according to the statistics adapted from the American Cancer Society's publication, Cancer Facts & Figures 2010, an estimated 21,880 women in the United States will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 13,850 deaths
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada
include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A,
B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones
palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The health benefits
Study in combined treatment of emodin and survivin-targeted shRNA (a sequence of RNA) with
sur-shRNA plasmid constructed and transfected into the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and HO8910, showed positive effect of the shRNA specific for survivin effectively reduced the expression of survivin at the mRNA and protein levels in SKOV3 and HO8910 cells. Combination of emodin and shRNA-mediated knockdown of survivin significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed invasion in SKOV3 and HO8910 cells. Other treatment with concentration of emodin alone or combined with paclitaxel, indicated an effective of emodin induced apoptosis alone at a high concentration and increased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis at a low concentration. These results suggested the possibility of an innovative chemotherapeutic strategy in treating drug resistant ovarian tumor.
References
(1) The combined effect of survivin-targeted shRNA and emodin on the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by Xue H, Chen Y, Cai X, Zhao L, He A, Guo K, Zheng X.(PubMed)
(2) Emodin sensitizes paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in vitro by Li J, Liu P, Mao H, Wanga A, Zhang X.(PubMed)
The health benefits
Study in combined treatment of emodin and survivin-targeted shRNA (a sequence of RNA) with
sur-shRNA plasmid constructed and transfected into the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and HO8910, showed positive effect of the shRNA specific for survivin effectively reduced the expression of survivin at the mRNA and protein levels in SKOV3 and HO8910 cells. Combination of emodin and shRNA-mediated knockdown of survivin significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed invasion in SKOV3 and HO8910 cells. Other treatment with concentration of emodin alone or combined with paclitaxel, indicated an effective of emodin induced apoptosis alone at a high concentration and increased paclitaxel-induced apoptosis at a low concentration. These results suggested the possibility of an innovative chemotherapeutic strategy in treating drug resistant ovarian tumor.
References
(1) The combined effect of survivin-targeted shRNA and emodin on the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells by Xue H, Chen Y, Cai X, Zhao L, He A, Guo K, Zheng X.(PubMed)
(2) Emodin sensitizes paclitaxel-resistant human ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in vitro by Li J, Liu P, Mao H, Wanga A, Zhang X.(PubMed)
11. Cascara Sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana) and primary glioblastoma
Cascara sagrada
is a species of buckthorn, genus Rhamnus, belonging to the family
Rhamnaceae, native to western North America, it's bark has been used in
traditional medicine for gastrointestinal support. and it is thought to have a laxative and natural cleansing, etc.
Bone Cancer
A bone cancer is an abnormal growth of cells within the bone that have became cancerous. Bone cancer may be classified as primary cancer originated in the bone, and secondary cancer originated from elsewhere.
Bone Cancer
A bone cancer is an abnormal growth of cells within the bone that have became cancerous. Bone cancer may be classified as primary cancer originated in the bone, and secondary cancer originated from elsewhere.
The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Cascara Sagrada
include Aloe-emodin, Anthrquinone glycosides (Barbaloin Cascarosides A,
B, C and D ChrysaloinFrangul), Chrysophanol, Emodin, Heterodianthrones
palmidin A, B, and C, dianthrones, Oxanthrone, Rhein, Tannins, etc.
The health benefits Aloe emodin have been found to effective in induced cell anti proliferation and apoptosis in some cancer cell line. In U87 human malignant glioma cells, the chemical constituent found in Cascara Sagrada,
arrested the cell cycle in the synthesis phase of the cell cycle and promoted the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in U87 cells, leading to early event of mitochondria-induced apoptotic pathway. In other study of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; control) or aloe-emodin (40 microM) showed the effective of Aloe-emodin in inducing apoptosis in U-373MG glioma cells by suppressed PKC(a family of protein) activity and reduced the protein content of most of the PKC isozymes. These results support the positive effect of aloe-emodin and may be considered as a potential agent in treating human malignant glioma cells.
References
(1) Enhanced induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in human U87 malignant glioma cells by aloe emodin by Ismail S, Haris K, Abdul Ghani AR, Abdullah JM, Johan MF, Mohamed Yusoff AA.(PubMed)
(2) Aloe-emodin modulates PKC isozymes, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis in U-373MG glioma cells by Acevedo-Duncan M, Russell C, Patel S, Patel R.(PubMed)
The health benefits Aloe emodin have been found to effective in induced cell anti proliferation and apoptosis in some cancer cell line. In U87 human malignant glioma cells, the chemical constituent found in Cascara Sagrada,
arrested the cell cycle in the synthesis phase of the cell cycle and promoted the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in U87 cells, leading to early event of mitochondria-induced apoptotic pathway. In other study of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; control) or aloe-emodin (40 microM) showed the effective of Aloe-emodin in inducing apoptosis in U-373MG glioma cells by suppressed PKC(a family of protein) activity and reduced the protein content of most of the PKC isozymes. These results support the positive effect of aloe-emodin and may be considered as a potential agent in treating human malignant glioma cells.
References
(1) Enhanced induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via the mitochondrial membrane potential disruption in human U87 malignant glioma cells by aloe emodin by Ismail S, Haris K, Abdul Ghani AR, Abdullah JM, Johan MF, Mohamed Yusoff AA.(PubMed)
(2) Aloe-emodin modulates PKC isozymes, inhibits proliferation, and induces apoptosis in U-373MG glioma cells by Acevedo-Duncan M, Russell C, Patel S, Patel R.(PubMed)
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Wednesday, January 8, 2014
Phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate
Phytochemicals, the natural chemical
constituent, protect the plants against diseases and form their
outer's color. Phytochemicals may be next potential sources of new
medicine for treatment of
diseases with little or no side effects.
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
1. Phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate and Brain Cancer
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
Brain and spinal cord make up the nervous system. Brain and Spinal Cord tumors originating is not very common. Most primary tumors are caused by abnormal cells growth that surround and support neurons, with a small number may be caused by gene defect from exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals. Benign tumors are noncancerous, and malignant tumors are cancerous. More than 190.000 people in US are diagnosed with a brain tumor each year alone.
The benefits
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) found in various cruciferous vegetables, beside has shown the inhibition of leukemia HL-60, bladder cancer UM-UC-3 and colon cancer HT-29 cells in vitro, it also significantly decreased proliferation and viability of human brain malignant glioma GBM 8401 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) may be another potential source of anti-human brain malignant glioma drug. Other study insisted that intake of Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) may reduce the risk of cancer but AITC at high-dose levels also exhibit a low degree of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, but unlikely in humans exposed to dietary levels of AITC.
References
(1) Allyl isothiocyanate triggers G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human brain malignant glioma GBM 8401 cells through a mitochondria-dependent pathway by Chen NG, Chen KT, Lu CC, Lan YH, Lai CH, Chung YT, Yang JS, Lin YC.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate as a cancer chemopreventive phytochemical by Zhang Y.(PubMed)
2. Phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate and Bladder Cancer
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
The bladder is a hollow elastic organ in the center of the lower abdomen that collects urine from the kidneys and excreted them through the urethra.
Bladder cancer is most common type of cancer that effect men twice as frequently as it effects women. Usually it starts from the lining the bladder caused by several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder cells.
The benefits
The study of AITC found cruciferous vegetables and celecoxib effects in modulate cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), as its oncogenic activity has been well documented in bladder cancer and other cancers, showed the effectiveness is as result of associated with depletion of prostaglandin E2, a key downstream signaling molecule of Cox-2, caspase activation and downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the tumor tissues. In other study, the N-acetylcysteine conjugate (NAC-AITC) is found to be significant inhibition of cell growth and proliferation in human bladder cancer UM-UC-3 cells or rat bladder cancer AY-27 cells with NAC-AITC at 15 μM.
References
1. Enhanced inhibition of urinary bladder cancer growth and muscle invasion by allyl isothiocyanate and celecoxib in combination by Bhattacharya A, Li Y, Shi Y, Zhang Y(PubMed)
(2) The principal urinary metabolite of allyl isothiocyanate, N-acetyl-S-(N-allylthiocarbamoyl)cysteine, inhibits the growth and muscle invasion of bladder cancer by Bhattacharya A, Li Y, Geng F, Munday R, Zhang Y.(PubMed)
3. Allyl isothiocyanate and liver cancers
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
Liver cancer is defined as a condition of irregular cell growth in the liver.
In SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cells, Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) showed to exhibit anti liver cancer effect through suppressing tumor cell migration and cell behaviors via MMP expression(1). the phytochemical together with its N-acetylcysteine conjugate also showed the reversal of transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in dose-dependent manner also through inhibition of MMP-2/-9 messenger RNA levels(2). Unfortunately, some researchers suggested that Organosulfur compounds, may induced histone acetylation expression and thereby favor cell differentiation(3).
References
(1) Allyl isothiocyanate influences cell adhesion, migration and metalloproteinase gene expression in SK-Hep1 cells by Hwang ES1, Kim GH.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate and its N-acetylcysteine conjugate suppress metastasis via inhibition of invasion, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 activities in SK-Hep 1 human hepatoma cells by Hwang ES1, Lee HJ.(PubMed)
(3) Induction of histone acetylation in rat liver and hepatoma by organosulfur compounds including diallyl disulfide by Lea MA1, Randolph VM.(PubMed)
4. Allyl isothiocyanate and Colorectal Cancer
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
Bowel cancer also known as colorectal cancer, is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Bowl is divided in 2 parts, the first part of the bowel, the small bowl, is involved with the digestion and absorption of food. The 2nd part, the large bowel which consist the the colon and rectum, is involved in absorption of water from the small bowel contents and broken down of certain materials in the feces into substances of which some of them to be re absorbed and reused by the body. Bowel cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progress cancer and in predictable way.
Bowel cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in developed countries, including U>S and Canada.
In HT-29 colorectal cell line, phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate, showed to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by induced blocking cell division associated with disruption of alpha-tubulin(1). The phytochemical also found to inhibit the same cell line through suppresses aberrant crypt foci in the the mucus layer that lines the intestinesof rats(2).
Dr. Musk SR. and Dr. Johnson IT. at the AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory suggested that AITC showed to exert its cytotoxic and cytostatic effects against the development of colorectal cancer by selectively inhibiting the growth of transformed cell clones within the gastrointestinal mucosa(3).
References
(1) Allyl-isothiocyanate causes mitotic block, loss of cell adhesion and disrupted cytoskeletal structure in HT29 cells by Smith TK1, Lund EK, Parker ML, Clarke RG, Johnson IT.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate selectively kills undifferentiated HT29 cells in vitro and suppresses aberrant crypt foci in the colonic mucosa by Smith T1, Musk SR, Johnson IT.(PubMed)
(3) Allyl isothiocyanate is selectively toxic to transformed cells of the human colorectal tumour line HT29 by Musk SR, Johnson IT.(PubMed)
5. Allyl isothiocyanate and Prostate Cancer
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams.
In PC-3 human prostate cancer xenografts, ATIC found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables exhibited its anti prostate cancer effect inhibits through inducing apoptosis and reducing cell proliferative activity(1). The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine study also support the above but insisted ATIC inhibit prostate cancer through cell cycle arrest (G2/M)and induced apoptosis(2) and The State University of New Jersey, showed the inhibition through ERK and JNK signaling pathways(cellular processes in regulation of Proliferation, Differentiation, Survival and Apoptosis) involvement in the regulation of activator protein 1 and cell death(3)
References
(1) Allyl isothiocyanate, a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, inhibits growth of PC-3 human prostate cancer xenografts in vivo by Srivastava SK1, Xiao D, Lew KL, Hershberger P, Kokkinakis DM, Johnson CS, Trump DL, Singh SV.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate, a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, inhibits proliferation of human prostate cancer cells by causing G2/M arrest and inducing apoptosis vy Xiao D1, Srivastava SK, Lew KL, Zeng Y, Hershberger P, Johnson CS, Trump DL, Singh SV.(PubMed)
(3) ERK and JNK signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of activator protein 1 and cell death elicited by three isothiocyanates in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells by Xu C1, Shen G, Yuan X, Kim JH, Gopalkrishnan A, Keum YS, Nair S, Kong AN.(PubMed)
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Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
1. Phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate and Brain Cancer
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
Brain and spinal cord make up the nervous system. Brain and Spinal Cord tumors originating is not very common. Most primary tumors are caused by abnormal cells growth that surround and support neurons, with a small number may be caused by gene defect from exposure to radiation or toxic chemicals. Benign tumors are noncancerous, and malignant tumors are cancerous. More than 190.000 people in US are diagnosed with a brain tumor each year alone.
The benefits
Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) found in various cruciferous vegetables, beside has shown the inhibition of leukemia HL-60, bladder cancer UM-UC-3 and colon cancer HT-29 cells in vitro, it also significantly decreased proliferation and viability of human brain malignant glioma GBM 8401 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) may be another potential source of anti-human brain malignant glioma drug. Other study insisted that intake of Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) may reduce the risk of cancer but AITC at high-dose levels also exhibit a low degree of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, but unlikely in humans exposed to dietary levels of AITC.
References
(1) Allyl isothiocyanate triggers G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in human brain malignant glioma GBM 8401 cells through a mitochondria-dependent pathway by Chen NG, Chen KT, Lu CC, Lan YH, Lai CH, Chung YT, Yang JS, Lin YC.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate as a cancer chemopreventive phytochemical by Zhang Y.(PubMed)
2. Phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate and Bladder Cancer
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
The bladder is a hollow elastic organ in the center of the lower abdomen that collects urine from the kidneys and excreted them through the urethra.
Bladder cancer is most common type of cancer that effect men twice as frequently as it effects women. Usually it starts from the lining the bladder caused by several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder cells.
The benefits
The study of AITC found cruciferous vegetables and celecoxib effects in modulate cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), as its oncogenic activity has been well documented in bladder cancer and other cancers, showed the effectiveness is as result of associated with depletion of prostaglandin E2, a key downstream signaling molecule of Cox-2, caspase activation and downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in the tumor tissues. In other study, the N-acetylcysteine conjugate (NAC-AITC) is found to be significant inhibition of cell growth and proliferation in human bladder cancer UM-UC-3 cells or rat bladder cancer AY-27 cells with NAC-AITC at 15 μM.
References
1. Enhanced inhibition of urinary bladder cancer growth and muscle invasion by allyl isothiocyanate and celecoxib in combination by Bhattacharya A, Li Y, Shi Y, Zhang Y(PubMed)
(2) The principal urinary metabolite of allyl isothiocyanate, N-acetyl-S-(N-allylthiocarbamoyl)cysteine, inhibits the growth and muscle invasion of bladder cancer by Bhattacharya A, Li Y, Geng F, Munday R, Zhang Y.(PubMed)
3. Allyl isothiocyanate and liver cancers
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
Liver cancer is defined as a condition of irregular cell growth in the liver.
In SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cells, Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) showed to exhibit anti liver cancer effect through suppressing tumor cell migration and cell behaviors via MMP expression(1). the phytochemical together with its N-acetylcysteine conjugate also showed the reversal of transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in dose-dependent manner also through inhibition of MMP-2/-9 messenger RNA levels(2). Unfortunately, some researchers suggested that Organosulfur compounds, may induced histone acetylation expression and thereby favor cell differentiation(3).
References
(1) Allyl isothiocyanate influences cell adhesion, migration and metalloproteinase gene expression in SK-Hep1 cells by Hwang ES1, Kim GH.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate and its N-acetylcysteine conjugate suppress metastasis via inhibition of invasion, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 activities in SK-Hep 1 human hepatoma cells by Hwang ES1, Lee HJ.(PubMed)
(3) Induction of histone acetylation in rat liver and hepatoma by organosulfur compounds including diallyl disulfide by Lea MA1, Randolph VM.(PubMed)
4. Allyl isothiocyanate and Colorectal Cancer
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
Bowel cancer also known as colorectal cancer, is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon, rectum, or vermiform appendix. Bowl is divided in 2 parts, the first part of the bowel, the small bowl, is involved with the digestion and absorption of food. The 2nd part, the large bowel which consist the the colon and rectum, is involved in absorption of water from the small bowel contents and broken down of certain materials in the feces into substances of which some of them to be re absorbed and reused by the body. Bowel cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progress cancer and in predictable way.
Bowel cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in developed countries, including U>S and Canada.
In HT-29 colorectal cell line, phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate, showed to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by induced blocking cell division associated with disruption of alpha-tubulin(1). The phytochemical also found to inhibit the same cell line through suppresses aberrant crypt foci in the the mucus layer that lines the intestinesof rats(2).
Dr. Musk SR. and Dr. Johnson IT. at the AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Laboratory suggested that AITC showed to exert its cytotoxic and cytostatic effects against the development of colorectal cancer by selectively inhibiting the growth of transformed cell clones within the gastrointestinal mucosa(3).
References
(1) Allyl-isothiocyanate causes mitotic block, loss of cell adhesion and disrupted cytoskeletal structure in HT29 cells by Smith TK1, Lund EK, Parker ML, Clarke RG, Johnson IT.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate selectively kills undifferentiated HT29 cells in vitro and suppresses aberrant crypt foci in the colonic mucosa by Smith T1, Musk SR, Johnson IT.(PubMed)
(3) Allyl isothiocyanate is selectively toxic to transformed cells of the human colorectal tumour line HT29 by Musk SR, Johnson IT.(PubMed)
5. Allyl isothiocyanate and Prostate Cancer
Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.
Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams.
In PC-3 human prostate cancer xenografts, ATIC found abundantly in cruciferous vegetables exhibited its anti prostate cancer effect inhibits through inducing apoptosis and reducing cell proliferative activity(1). The University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine study also support the above but insisted ATIC inhibit prostate cancer through cell cycle arrest (G2/M)and induced apoptosis(2) and The State University of New Jersey, showed the inhibition through ERK and JNK signaling pathways(cellular processes in regulation of Proliferation, Differentiation, Survival and Apoptosis) involvement in the regulation of activator protein 1 and cell death(3)
References
(1) Allyl isothiocyanate, a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, inhibits growth of PC-3 human prostate cancer xenografts in vivo by Srivastava SK1, Xiao D, Lew KL, Hershberger P, Kokkinakis DM, Johnson CS, Trump DL, Singh SV.(PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate, a constituent of cruciferous vegetables, inhibits proliferation of human prostate cancer cells by causing G2/M arrest and inducing apoptosis vy Xiao D1, Srivastava SK, Lew KL, Zeng Y, Hershberger P, Johnson CS, Trump DL, Singh SV.(PubMed)
(3) ERK and JNK signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of activator protein 1 and cell death elicited by three isothiocyanates in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells by Xu C1, Shen G, Yuan X, Kim JH, Gopalkrishnan A, Keum YS, Nair S, Kong AN.(PubMed)
Natural Remedies for Dementia Memory Loss Reversal
Guarantee to Stop Progression and Reverse Memory Loss in Alzheimer and Dementia with step by step instructions through Scientific Studies within 2 Months or your Money back
Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
For over 100 healthy recipes, http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page_17.html
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