Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - The Preventive Phytochemicals Tyrosol and Silymarin

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

         Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.
V.  Preventions
C. Phytochemicals Against Dementia
C.8. Tyrosol
Tyrosol is a phytochemical compound, a derivative of phenethyl alcohol, belongings to the group of tyrosol esters, found mostly in olive oil. The phytochemical is best known for its antioxidants in protecting the forming of free radicals and lipid oxidation causes of heart disease(383).
 1. Antioxidant effects
 Tyrosol attenuates the elevated cellular concentrations of reactive oxygen species, NO scavenging(386) and lipid peroxidation, against bacterial invasion(386), DNA damage induced by dioxin toxicity(384) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)(385) probably through vary antioxidant-dependent mechanisms. Neurologically, tyrosol showed to exhibit its protective effect against dopaminergic neuronal induced degradation(387) and neurotoxicity(388) in vitro model of Parkinson's disease.

2.  Alzheimer Disease
In Alzheimer Disease, tyrosol has shown to protect neuro-cells damage against amyloid-β-Induced toxicity, probably through anti inflammatory pathways(389). In women, the phytochemical also exerted its antioxidative activity(391), in removing harmful compounds from the body; reducing risk of bacterial respiratory tract, intestinal, and genital tract infections(392); suppressing LDL(392) causes of  the development of cardiovascular disease; and preventing oxidation induced diseases and conditions, such as cardiovascular disorders(392), cancer(392), osteoporosis(393)(394), Alzheimer disease(390)(395)(396)(397).


C.9.  Silymarin
Silymarin is a phytochemical in the class of Lignans (phytoestrogens), found abundantly in artichokes, milk thistle, etc.
1. Antioxidants
Silymarin showed to exert the powerful antioxidant activity into protection of cells against arsenical cytotoxicity(399), via reduced lipid hydroperoxide (LHP) formation with no RNS induction; and hepoprotective(400)(401) in ntitubercular and alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity assays in rats(400)

2. Neuroprotective effect
In impaired cognitive and neurochemical function of diabetic patients and streptozotocin induced diabetic rodents, silibinin promoted DNA protection and reduced oxidative stress in a brain specific area, in part via the activation of the HO system(402); In mouse mode with Parkinson's disease(404), treatment of the phytochemical attenuated dopamine levels induced neuro cells damage causes of  apoptosis(403) via educed brain myeloperoxidase activity associated with AD risk(405) and inflammatory signaling cells(404).

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References 
(383) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12548315
(384) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25496362
(385) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25308544
(386) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24912728
(387) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23790897
(388) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20361927
(389) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21605049
(390) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22634935
(391) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12058980
(392) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11123850
(393) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24975408
(394) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25506212
(395) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25461244
(396) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24192327
(397) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23414128
(398) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20735377
(399) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20637780
(400) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24863352
(401) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20034535
(402) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21970972
(403) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24607817
(404) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24507644
(405) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24045063

Most common diseases of 50 plus - Nutrients Requirements for age of 50 and Over

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

         Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia


About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

III. Nutrients Requirements for age of 50 and Over For health and the normal functioning of the body, consuming foods and drinks, containing protein and a specific range of vitamins, minerals and trace elements is necessary to provide sources of energy (calories). Especially plant food phytochemicals with various groups of structure include 3000-4000 individual compounds with possession of a number of different properties(175).

 Daily intakes for micro nutrients recommended by the Department of Health DRVs (Dietary Reference Values)(176)A. Nutrient and                 Recommended daily intake for 50+ years 
1. Calcium (mg)                        700
2. Phosphorus (mg)                  550
3. Magnesium (mg)                   270
4. Sodium (mg)                       1600
5. Potassium (mg)                   3500
6. Chloride (mg)                     2500
7. Iron (mg)                               14.8
8. Zinc (mg)                                 9
9. Copper (mg)                            1.2
10. Selenium (μg)                      60
11. Iodine (μg)                         140
12. Vitamin A (μg)                   600
13. Thiamin (mg)                        0.8
14. Riboflavin (mg)                   1.1
15. Niacin (mg)                       12
16. Vitamin B6 (mg)                  1.2
17. Vitamin B12 (μg)                 1.5
18. Folate (μg)                      200
19. Vitamin C (mg)                 40
20. Vitamin D* (μg)                10

B. Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) for energy
Age (years), Estimated energy requirement for males (kcals per day), Estimated energy requirement for females (kcals per day)
51-59                      2550                                                                        1900
60-64                      2380                                                                        1900
65-74                      2330                                                                        1900
75+                        2100                                                                        1810

C. Proteins
Age (years)   Estimated protein requirement for males (kcals per day)   For females
51+                                            53.3                                                    46.5

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For over 100 healthy recipes, http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page_17.html
References
(175) http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/1/18.full.pdf
(176) http://www.milk.co.uk/page.aspx?intPageID=116

Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system - Genetic mutation Causes of Dementia

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

         Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia


About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.
II. Causes of dementia
I. Genetic Mutation causes of dementia
Genetic mutation is a condition of changes of DNA structure and alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype(169). There are always a concern of some dementia patients with inherited trails for passing them to their children.

1. Linkage of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) to 2q35-q26 
 Genetic mutation of chromosome 2q35-q36 Lewy bodies (DLB) are multiplex due to its complex mechanism than generally monogenic disorders. Identifying the first familial DLB gene may contribute to an entry point of DLB pathology, according to Belgian family,researchers(170)

2. VCP gene R155H mutation
Some patients in the same family with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been diagnosed with high risk of cognitive decline due to the recurrent R155H mutation, according to University of Genova(171).


3. Genetic mutation and Alzheimer's disease
4 genes have been identified to affect development of AD. with the amyloid precursor protein (APP ) gene, presenillin gene (PSEN-1), and presenillin gene (PSEN-1)) affect younger people, and apolipoprotein E (APOE ) iaffects older people(172).

4. Chromosome 3 (FTD-3) caused by a truncating mutation in CHMP2B
Presymptomatic CHMP2B mutation  was found to associated to significantly decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) affecting brain capillaries(173) and contributing to the early on set of dementia.

5. Mutations in the NOTCH3
Mutations in the NOTCH3 gene are responsible for hereditary stroke disorder, contributed to an adult onset of hereditary ischemic stroke, vascular dementia and psychiatric disorders(174).

6. Etc.
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For over 100 healthy recipes, http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page_17.html
References
(170) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164589 
(171) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18341608
(172) http://www.dementiaguide.com/aboutdementia/typesofdementia/geneticmutations/
(173) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22422914
(174) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22053260

Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments of Alzheimer's disease and Diminished quality of acetylcholine

 
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By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

         Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

VI. Treatments
Depending to the causes of disease, most medication are to control the symptoms 
A. Alzheimer's disease and Diminished quality of acetylcholine
A.1. Treatments of mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease and Diminished quality of acetylcholine
1. Cholinesterase inhibitors 
a. Cholinesterase inhibitors are the primary treatment, including tacrine(409)(410)(Cognex), donepezil(411)(412)(Aricept), rivastigmine(407)(408)(Exelon), and galantamine (Reminyl) for reductions in acetylcholine and acetyltransferase activity(406) induced cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD).
According to Dr. Trinh NH and the research team at the Massachusetts General Hospital, there was no difference in efficacy among various cholinesterase inhibitors(413). Persistent drug treatment had a positive impact on AD progression in advanced disease(414). 
In the article, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, posted in the Minister of health, the inhibitors, improved the effectiveness of acetylcholine either by increasing the levels in the brain or strengthening the way nerve cells response in communication between nerve cells, may temporarily promote or stabilize the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease(415).

b. Side effects are not limit to(416)(417)
b.1. Nausea    
b.2. Diarrhea    
b.3. Vomiting    
b.4. Indigestion.     
b.5. Abdominal pain    
b.6. Loss of appetite
b.7. Fatigue
b.8. Weight loss
b.9. Etc.

A.2. Treatment of moderate and Severe Alzheimer's disease and Diminished quality of acetylcholine
1. Namenda®(418)(419)(memantine), an N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist(420) are the most common medication used to moderate and severe Alzheimer's disease, through it's therapeutic action in uncompetitive binding to the NMDAR for preservance of the physiological function of the receptor(421). But, according to other in 2 out of 3 six month studies, memantine showed only a small beneficial effect but not in patients with vascular dementia(422).

2. Side effects are not limit to(423)(424)
b.1. Confusion
b.2. Dizziness
b.3. Drowsiness
b.4. Headache
b.5. Insomnia,
b.6. Agitation
b.7. Vomiting
b.8. Anxiety
b.9. Etc.


3. Other medications
3.1. Anticonvulsants
a. Anticonvulsants are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of seizures(425), chronic neuropathic pain(426), and the clinical syndrome of Alzheimer's disease(427) by suppressing the rapid and excessive firing of neurons(428). Some researchers suggested that seizure pathophysiology may relate to increased amyloid beta-peptide production(429), causing cytoskeletal dysfunction, cerebrovascular changes, neurotransmitter dysfunction or combinations(430). By modification of these pathophysiological pathways, anti-epileptic drugs such as sodium valproate and lacosamide may be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease(431)

b. Side effects are not limit to(432)(433)
b.1. Dizziness
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Unsteadiness
b.4. Nausea
b.5. Vomiting
b.6. Skin rashes
b.7. Etc.

3.2. Sedatives
a. A sedative or tranquilizer is a drug that calms patients(434), reduced irritability and excitement by modulating signals within the central nervous system for neuroprotection(436). The medication are highly addictive. Benzodiazepine, one of the sedative has shown to reduce Aβ plaques through its activation on Aβ-related synaptic and behavioral impairment in AD(437).

 
b. Side effects are not limit to(438)
b.1. Stomach upset
b.2. Blurred vision
b.3. Headache
b.4. Impaired coordination
b.5. Depression
b.6. Memory loss
b.7. Drowsiness
b.8. Risk of fractures and falls(435)
b.9 Etc.

3.3. Antidepressants
a. Antidepressant is a type of psychiatric medication used to treat depression(443), including mood disorder(439), dysthymia(440)(441) and anxiety disorders(442)(443). According to Purpan-Casselardit Hospital, 34.8% of patients with AD are prescribed antidepressant foe daily use in AD(444).

b. Side effects are not limit to(445)
b.1. Dry mouth, 
b.2. Blurred vision
b.5. Drowsiness, 
b.4. Dizziness
b.5. Tremors
b.6. Sexual problems
b.7. Etc. 

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References  
(406) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23862185
(407) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23728651
(408) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19370562
(409) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17636619
(410) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10796507
(411) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16856114
(412) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16437430
(413) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12517232
(414) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19845950
(415) http://www.health.gov.bc.ca/pharmacare/adti/clinician/cholinesterase.html
(416) http://alzonline.phhp.ufl.edu/en/reading/mmi_cholinesterase.php
(417) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylcholinesterase_inhibitor
(418) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25523430
(419) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25523285
(420) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10465680
(421) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21875407
(422) http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003154.pub4/abstract;jsessionid=81B82BC5B10FAB9959A92CF39D439C21.d02t02
(423) http://www.medicinenet.com/memantine-oral/page2.htm
(424) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memantine
(425) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23996793
(426) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479151
(427) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20096151
(428) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24565570
(429) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23926248
(430) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3385944/
(431) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19557550
(432) http://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/anticonvulsant-medication 
(433) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticonvulsant 
(434) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24552479
(435) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18690999
(436) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18311185
(437) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20980585
(438) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedative 
(439) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19192442
(440) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15738743
(441) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25177490
(442) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24497254
(443) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23737423
(444) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735591
(445) http://www.webmd.com/depression/features/coping-with-side-effects-of-depression-treatment

Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments of Dementia associated with Multi-infarct dementia

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

         Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia

 About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability that is severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people. American typical diet contains high amount of saturated and trans fat, artificial ingredients with less fruits and vegetable which can lead to dementia and other kind of diseases.

VI. Treatments
Depending to the causes of disease, most medication are to control the symptoms
B. Multi-infarct dementia
Also known as vascular dementia, is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease in older adults between ages of 60 and 75(571), caused by different mechanisms all resulting in vascular lesions in the brain(572)(573) with prevalence of major depression, depressed mood/anhedonia, and subjective and neurovegetative symptoms of depression(574).

II. Treatments of Multi-infarct dementia
There are no treatments which can reverse the damage to the brain caused by small strokes(575), but the goal of the treatment is to control the symptoms and reduce the risk factors to prevent future strokes(576) by prescribed medicine to make the blood thinner to reduce the risk blood clot causes of future stroke.
A. Medication  
1. Plavix
Plavix tablets is rescription-only medicine with function of keeping blood platelets from sticking together and forming clots(577) to prevent blood clotted causes of future stroke(579). In some cases, it is used conjunction with aspirin(578).

b. Side effects are not limit to
 The most common side effects of Plavix (occurring in more than 2 percent of people and more often in the group taking Plavix) include:
b.1. Constipation
b.2. Diarrhea
b.3. Dizziness
b.4. Headache
b.5. Heartburn
b.6.  Joint or muscle pain
b.7. Nausea and vomiting
b.8. Etc.
A sudden choking feeling, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and itchy mouth had been reported in patient taking clopidogrel 75 mg combined with 100 mg acetylsalicylic acid once daily, and metoprolol tartrate 50 mg twice daily(580)

2. Antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine)
a. Antipsychotic drugs effectively treat psychosis caused by a variety of conditions including dementia(581). Psychotic symptoms are classified as either positive or negative. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, bizarre or disorganized behavior(582). Negative symptoms include anhedonia, flattened affect, apathy, and social withdrawal(583).

b. Side effects are not limit to
In most cases, adverse effects are usually dose dependent and influenced by patient characteristics, including age and gender(584).
 b.1. Constipation, 
b.2. Dry mouth and
b.3. Blurred vision
b.4. Sleepiness and slowness
b.5. Weight gain
b.6. Stiffness and shakines
b.7. Hormone change
b.8. Diabetes
b.9. Etc.

3. Serotonin-affecting drugs (trazodone, buspirone, or fluoxetine)
a. Precursor amino acids (PAA)of  the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine showed clinical and psychologic improvement with conflict results(585)


b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Diarrhea
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Nausea,
b.4. Vomiting and agitation(585)

4. Anti anticonvulsant
Anti anticonvulsant, clonazepam has shown to control logorrhea, hyperactivity, agitation, intrusiveness, and impulsive violence and to promote cooperation in patient with multi-infarct dementia, according to  East Carolina University School of Medicine(586).

b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Dizziness
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Unsteadiness
b.4. Nausea
b.5. Vomiting
b.6. Skin rashes
b.7. Etc.

5. Rivastigmine, is a cholinergic agent used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia(587)
a. On  cognitive function, rivastigmine, at dosages approved for therapeutic use showed to improve all behavioral symptoms in 2 forms of VaD, MID and sVaD(590), except delusions, according to University of Trieste(588). The medicine, unfortunately, has been reported to induce side effects that lead to withdrawal in a significant proportion of patients(589).

b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Nausea and vomiting
b.2. Loss of appetite
b.3. Weight loss
b.4. Diarrhea
b.4. Dizziness
b.5. Drowsiness
b.6. Trembling
b.7. Etc.

B. Surgery
In case of sensory problems, surgery can be helpful.

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References
(571) http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multi_infarct_dementia/multi_infarct_dementia.htm
(572) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22705146
(573) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164676
(574) http://jgp.sagepub.com/content/8/2/96.abstract
(575) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3046450
(576) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21365068
(577)  http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0601/p2335.html 
(578) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25547900
(579) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25507889
(580) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4203606/
(581) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23896958
(582) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21543954
(583) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23472837
(584) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17927296
(585) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/301148
(586) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3252876
(587) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684446
(588) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18184948
(589) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23728651
(590) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15846730

Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments of Dementia associated with Subdural hematoma

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

         Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia

 About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability that is severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people. American typical diet contains high amount of saturated and trans fat, artificial ingredients with less fruits and vegetable which can lead to dementia and other kind of diseases.

B. Subdural hematoma
Subdural hematoma is the accumulation of blood beneath the outer covering of the brain resulted from the rupture of blood vessel(545)(546). Subdural hemorrhages may cause an increase intracranial pressure(545), which can cause compression of and damage to delicate brain tissue(547). Acute subdural hematoma has a high mortality rate(546). The diseases are most prevalent among elderly individuals(544).

II. Treatments of Subdural hematoma
1. Emergency treatment
An acute subdural hematoma (SDH) is a rapidly clotting blood collection(548) below the inner layer of the dura but external to the brain and arachnoid membrane(549). Two further stages, subacute and chronic, may develop with untreated acute subdural hematoma (SDH)(549). There is always important to maintain survival of the patient with acute subdural hematomas(550)(551) because of its an unfavorable outcome in the majority of cases(551). Emergency treatment be  necessary to reduce pressure and to allow blood to drain by drilling a small hole in the skull and  inserting a temporary small catheter through a hole drilled through the skull and sucking out the hematoma(552)(564).  Although hematoma resolution has been reported, it cannot be reliably predicted, and no medical therapy has been shown to be effective in expediting the resolution of acute or chronic subdural hematomas(552)(553).

2. Medication
Inn case of chronic subdural hematomas, Mannitol may be used to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP)(554)(555) as it produced a significant reduction in ICP and improved cerebral perfusion pressure(556).
a. Corticosteroids for brain oedema
Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid or corticosteroid drug(557). Researchers that Methylprednisolone can effectively reduce myelin changes(559) accompanying brain oedema(558) induced by blood-brain barrier opening with an osmotic insult(559).

b. Anticonvulsants for patient with seizures
In some cases, patients with chronic subdural haematoma mau be treated with anticonvulsants for seizures prevention(560). According to , risk of seizures is reduced(562) to none and 1.8%  in 73 patients given prophylactic antiepileptic drug treatment in Tokyo Medical and Dental University study(561) and Beilinson Medical Center(562) studies, respectively.

c.  Rifampicin for bacterial infection
Rifampicin is a naturally made, non-peptide antibiotic(563). It is bactericidal, killing agent  by disabling the protein expression system universally conserved by all bacterial causes of infection(567), but it can induce thrombocytopenia(565)(566) in acute subdural hematoma treatment.

3. Surgery
Large or symptomatic hematomas require a craniotomy, as a bone flap is temporarily removed from the skull to access the brain for removal of blood clot with suction or irrigation(568). According University of Cambridge, Cambridge, the use of a drain after burr-hole drainage of chronic subdural haematoma and minimized the incidence of significant recollection(570) is safe and associated with reduced recurrence and mortality at 6 months(569).

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References
(544) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25224156
(545) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24313607
(546) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19139303
(546) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25367584
(547) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24049555
(548) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24784316
(549) http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/828005-overview
(550) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25142860
(551) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19570326
(552) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23066609
(553) http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1137207-treatment
(554) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4817809
(555) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12020522
(556) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7936130
(557) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylprednisolone
(558) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15782554
(559) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22286794 
(560) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744552
(561) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8229039
(562) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8213276
(563) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifampicin
(564) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19782872
(565) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19960218
(566) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20827562
(567) http://ijpr.sbmu.ac.ir/?_action=articleInfo&article=1112
(568) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craniotomy
(569) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19960218
(570) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14565521

Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system - Life Style Causes of Dementia

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

         Diseases of Central Nervous system

                           Dementia


About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

II. Causes of dementia
H. Life Style causes of Dementia
 1. Unhealthy diet 
Unhealthy lifestyle choices lead to an increasing incidence of obesity, diabetes mellitus type II, hypertension and disorder of the metabolic syndrome(159)(160), are found to associated the risk of AD. Recent research supports the hypothesis that calorie intake, among other non-genetic factors, can influence the risk of clinical dementia(161).

2. Psychological and Neurological effects
Dysfunctional mind may be associated to dementia due to its effects on the cognitive profile of ALS, a subclinical behavioural-variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD(162). Stress, anxiety, depression(163), negative thoughts(162), unhealthy life style(159)(160), unwholesome diet(161) may lead to memory, intellect, attention, thinking, comprehension and personality, with preservation of normal level of consciousness deficits(164)

3. Excessive alcohol drinking
Moderate alcohol drinking of less than 2 cups for men and 1 cups for women are said to offers possible health benefits(165), but binge drinking in midlife and excessive alcohol use  are associated with an increased risk of dementia, according to the follow-up, 103 participants had developed dementia(166), including central pontine myelinolysis, Marchiafava-Bignami disease(167).

4. Smoking
Smoking is a risk factor for several life-threatening diseases, but its long-term afflicts of dementia is controversial and understudied. According to University of Eastern Finland, heavy smoking in midlife was found to associate with a greater than 100% increase in risk of dementia, AD, and VaD more than 2 decades later, in a follow up study of a total of 5367 people diagnosed with dementia (including 1136 cases of AD and 416 cases of VaD)(168).

5. Etc.
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Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

For over 100 healthy recipes, http://diseases-researches.blogspot.ca/p/blog-page_17.html

References
(159) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25488565
(160) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24974749
(161) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18466323 
(162) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25476003
(163) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490073
(164) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22408297 
(165) http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/alcohol/SC00024
(166) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16222166
(167) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25307574 
(168) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20975015