By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Diseases of Central Nervous system
Dementia
About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability that is severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people. American typical diet contains high amount of saturated and trans fat, artificial ingredients with less fruits and vegetable which can lead to dementia and other kind of diseases.
VI. Treatments
Depending to the causes of disease, most medication are to control the symptoms
B. Multi-infarct dementia
Also known as vascular dementia, is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease in older adults between ages of 60 and 75(571), caused by different mechanisms all resulting in vascular lesions in the brain(572)(573) with prevalence of major depression, depressed mood/anhedonia, and subjective and neurovegetative symptoms of depression(574).
II. Treatments of Multi-infarct dementia
There are no treatments which can reverse the damage to the brain caused by small strokes(575), but the goal of the treatment is to control the symptoms and reduce the risk factors to prevent future strokes(576) by prescribed medicine to make the blood thinner to reduce the risk blood clot causes of future stroke.
A. Medication
1. Plavix
Plavix tablets is rescription-only medicine with function of keeping blood platelets from sticking together and forming clots(577) to prevent blood clotted causes of future stroke(579). In some cases, it is used conjunction with aspirin(578).
b. Side effects are not limit to
The most common side effects of Plavix (occurring in more than 2 percent of people and more often in the group taking Plavix) include:
b.1. Constipation
b.2. Diarrhea
b.3. Dizziness
b.4. Headache
b.5. Heartburn
b.6. Joint or muscle pain
b.7. Nausea and vomiting
b.8. Etc.
A sudden choking feeling, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and itchy mouth had been reported in patient taking clopidogrel 75 mg combined with 100 mg acetylsalicylic acid once daily, and metoprolol tartrate 50 mg twice daily(580)
2. Antipsychotics (olanzapine, quetiapine)
a. Antipsychotic drugs effectively treat psychosis caused by a variety of conditions including dementia(581). Psychotic symptoms are classified as either positive or negative. Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, thought disorders, bizarre or disorganized behavior(582). Negative symptoms include anhedonia, flattened affect, apathy, and social withdrawal(583).
b. Side effects are not limit to
In most cases, adverse effects are usually dose dependent and influenced by patient characteristics, including age and gender(584).
b.1. Constipation,
b.2. Dry mouth and
b.3. Blurred vision
b.4. Sleepiness and slowness
b.5. Weight gain
b.6. Stiffness and shakines
b.7. Hormone change
b.8. Diabetes
b.9. Etc.
3. Serotonin-affecting drugs (trazodone, buspirone, or fluoxetine)
a. Precursor amino acids (PAA)of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine showed clinical and psychologic improvement with conflict results(585)
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Diarrhea
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Nausea,
b.4. Vomiting and agitation(585)
4. Anti anticonvulsant
Anti anticonvulsant, clonazepam has shown to control logorrhea, hyperactivity, agitation, intrusiveness, and impulsive violence and to promote cooperation in patient with multi-infarct dementia, according to East Carolina University School of Medicine(586).
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Dizziness
b.2. Drowsiness
b.3. Unsteadiness
b.4. Nausea
b.5. Vomiting
b.6. Skin rashes
b.7. Etc.
5. Rivastigmine, is a cholinergic agent used for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia(587)
a. On cognitive function, rivastigmine, at dosages approved for therapeutic use showed to improve all behavioral symptoms in 2 forms of VaD, MID and sVaD(590), except delusions, according to University of Trieste(588). The medicine, unfortunately, has been reported to induce side effects that lead to withdrawal in a significant proportion of patients(589).
b. Side effects are not limit to
b.1. Nausea and vomiting
b.2. Loss of appetite
b.3. Weight loss
b.4. Diarrhea
b.4. Dizziness
b.5. Drowsiness
b.6. Trembling
b.7. Etc.
B. Surgery
In case of sensory problems, surgery can be helpful.
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References
(571) http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/multi_infarct_dementia/multi_infarct_dementia.htm
(572) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22705146
(573) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22164676
(574) http://jgp.sagepub.com/content/8/2/96.abstract
(575) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3046450
(576) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21365068
(577) http://www.aafp.org/afp/2003/0601/p2335.html
(578) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25547900
(579) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25507889
(580) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4203606/
(581) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23896958
(582) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21543954
(583) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23472837
(584) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17927296
(585) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/301148
(586) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3252876
(587) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684446
(588) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18184948
(589) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23728651
(590) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15846730
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