Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM treatments of Dementia Caused by Heart Qi Deficiency

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By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                     Diseases of Central Nervous system

                             Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)
C.2. Deficiency of Qi, mainly due to 
C.2.2. Heart (Yang) Qi deficiency
Heart  Qi deficiency is a condition of the inability of the heart in transportation of nutrients to body organs, including the brain through blood circulation. Prolong period of malnutrition of brain cells may induce abnormal function of brain's cells in information transmitting  or death of neurons, causing cognitive impairment(844), including learning and memory deficits(842) and changes in brain tissue and behavior patterns(843)(842).
Herbal medicine for Heart Qi deficiency 

1. Dan shen
Dan Shen is also known as Red Sage Root with taste of   the bitter and slightly cold in nature, used in TCM as antithrombotic(845), antihypertonic (lowering blood pressure)(846), antimicrobial(847), anti-inflammatory(848)(849), agent and to treat coronary and cerebrovascular disease, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, hepatitis, hepatocirrhosis, restlessness, insomnia, irritability,(850) etc., by enhancing the functions of heart and liver channels.

Phytochemicals
1. Cryptotanshinone
2. Hydroxytanshinone,
3. Methyltanshinonate
4. Methylene tanshiquinone
5. Przewatanshinquinone A
6. Przewatanshinquinone B
7. Miltirone
8. Dihydrotanshinone I
9. Tanshinol A
10. Tanshinol B
11. Tanshinol C,
12. Nortanshinone
13. 1, 2, 15, 16-tetrahydrotanshiquinone
14. Danshensuan A, B, C
15. Protocatechuic acid,
16. Protocatechuic aldehyde
17. Etc.


1.1. Dementia 
According to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, dan shen in the pharmacological effects on the central nervous system, showed to exert its neuroprotective activity through and antiparkinsonian,l relaxant, analgesic, memory enhancing(850). In PC12 cells, combination application of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) and Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761, effectively inhibited the formation of amyloid fibrils, protected PC12 cells(855) from beta-AP25-35-induced cytotoxicity and ROS accumulation(854).

1.2. Alzheimer's disease (AD)
Simple simple and poly hydroxycinnamic acids and diterpenoid quinone, showed to improved cognitive deficits in mice model, through protection of neuronal cells, prevention of amyloid fibril formation and preformed amyloid fibril disaggregation related to Alzheimer's disease(851). Salvianolic acid B (Sal B)isolated fronm dan shen, in animal model, not only prevented Abeta-induced cytotoxicity(857) but also improved cognitive deficits and protection of neuronal cells(852), through its effects on suppressing the production of ROS, calcium flux, and apoptosis(853) and promoted amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism toward the non-amyloidogenic products pathway in cortical neuronal cell(856) and multifunctional machenisms(857). Compound Danshen Tablets (CDST), in rat model, exhibted spatial cognition and decreased beta-APP expression in the cortex and hippocampus, detected via immunohistochemistry(859).

1.3.  In learning and memory impairment
In diabetic rats model, dan shen injection improved the learning and memory decline, through upregulation of expression of MKP-1 in reduced inflammation(861) under hyperglycemia(860). HX106N, a Chimese herbal formula, containing dan shen, in Aβ25-35 peptide mice, enhanced on memory impairment and oxidative stress through increased levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)(862). In a joint study of renowned institutions, in mouse model, myelophil, a combination of extracts taken from Astragali Radix and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, significantly exhibited its anti-amnesic properties in  memory impairment, through the modulation of cholinergic activity(863). Tanshinones, a group of diterpenoids found in dan shen, improved learning and memory impairments, through its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase(864)

1.4. In neuroprotective effects
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), one of the major active constituents of dan shen exerted its by neuroprotective effects, by inhibiting transcription and translation of genes involved AD development(858). In neurotoxicity of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) contributed Alzheimer's disease (AD), dan shen extract suppressed the increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, through deduction of decreased the protein expression involved in the development of neurodegenerative disease, including Ads(865). According to Eur J Pharmacol and University of Sydney, salvianolic acid B (SalB), in mouse model, exhibited neuroprotective effects in an amyloid β (Aβ) peptide-induced Alzheimer's disease, through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects(866) and ameliorated cholinergic dysfunction- or Aβ(25-35)-induced memory impairment(867), respectively.

2. Ren shen (Ginseng)
Ren Shen is a smells aromatic, tastes sweet and slightly warm herbs, also known as Gingshen, used in TCM as improved immune system(868)(869), Anti Cancer(870)(871), Anti aging(872)(873), Anti stress(874)(875), anti Erectile dysfunction(876)(877), etc. agent and to generates fluids and reduce thirst and symptoms of diabetes(878)(879), for xinqixu (heart qi deficient) related coronary heart disease (CHD)(880)(881), anxiety(882)(883), insomnia(884)(885), depression(886)(887), neurodegenertive disorders(888)(889)(890), bleeding in the vagina not during period(891), seizures(892)(893), chronic fatigue(894)(895), etc. as it strongly tonifies Original Qi, the Spleen and the Lungs, promotes generation of Body Fluids, calms thirst and the Mind,(896) etc. by enhancing the functions of spleen and lung channels(897).

Phytochemicals
1. Saponins
2. Panaxynol
3. Ginsenyne
4. Alpha pansinsene
5. Beta pansinsene
6. Beta farnesene
7. Bicyclogermacrene
8. Beta elemene
9. Gama elemene
10. Alpha neodovene
11. Beta neodovene
12. Alpha humulene
13. Beta humulene
14. Ccaryophyllene
15. Beta gurjunene
16. Alpha gurjunene
17. Alpha selinene
18. Beta selinene
19. Gama selinene
20. Selin-4, alpha guaiene
21. Gama cubebene
22. Beta patchoulene
23. Hepatadecanol-1
24. Etc.

Herbal ren shen used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(898) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in ameliorated amyloid pathology(899)(900) and related cognitive deficits(901). In aging related dementia, based on the history of use, and pharmacological investigation, ren shen showed a strong evidence in cognitive improvement, through cholinesterase inhibitory activity and cholinergic function(902). According to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, combination extract of Renshen (Panax Ginseng), Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimedii Brevicornus), Yuanzhi (Radix Palygalae) and Jianghuang (Rhizoma Curcumae Longae) (GEPT) exhibited neuroprotecting mechanism in preventing and treating of AD(903).

2.1. In Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease is a brain disorder named after German physician Alois Alzheimer. The disease destroys brain cells involved inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction or oxidative stress(904), causing problems with memory, thinking and behavior severe(904) enough to affect language communication(905), memory(906), lifelong hobbies or social life(907).
Ginseng extracts, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients showed significantly in attenuated amyloid plaque deposition as well as short- and long-term memory impairment. through its phytochemical gintonin effect via the mediation in promotion of non-amyloidogenic processing(908). In amyloid β peptide induced AD cell model, ginsenoside Rg1, the main chemical constituent of ginseng, improved the memory impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), through suppressing the signaling transduction pathways and decreasing the inflammation factors(909)(910); increasing cell viability, reducing oxidative damage (including apoptosis), restoring mitochondrial membrane potential(911). According to the join 17-month old male APP/PS1 mice study by University of Michigan and Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, total saponin in leaves of Panax notoginseng (LPNS) attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and cell death in brain cells through activation of Nrf2 (nuclear translocation) and upregulation of downstream antioxidant systems(912).
 Unfortunately, according to the review over 20 databases from their inception to January 2009 and included all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, the use of ginseng for treatments of Alzheimer's disease is scarce and inconclusive(913).

2.2. In Parkinson's and Hungtinton's diseases
Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system, affecting movement of muscles(917)(918), speech(919), poster, balance, auto functioning(920), etc. The disease's symptoms worsen over time. According to a multicenter study, phosphorylated forms, pS129 is associated to the severity and progression of  Parkinson diseases(914). NFE2L2 gene, an important regulator of the cellular protection against oxidative stress, if defects can also contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease(915)(916). In the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), Ginsenoside Rb, effectively inhibit or reverse the aggregation process may thus represent a viable therapeutic strategy against PD and related disorders, through anti-amyloidogenic and antineurotoxical effects(921). Its water extract in induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells, also  exhibited significant protective effects possibly through the suppression of ROS generation(922). According to Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, use of ginseng and other herbs, such as eleutherococcus, Rhodiola rosea, etc.,  in a complex therapy for Parkinson's disease, may be due to theirs normalized immune, antioxidant, and hormonal parameters(923).
In Huntington's disease, Ginsenosides, the main chemical constituents of ginseng, showed to exert its neuroprotective effect against neurons from glutamate-induced apoptosisin in vitro(924).


2.3. In cognitive impairment
Klotho Gene Deficiency has been found to associated to oxidative stress related cognitive impairment(925). In aging mice model, ginseng exhibited anti oxidative stress in ameliorated lipid peroxidation and restores antioxidant capacity(926), and reduced accumulation of intercellular messenger, nitric oxide (NO)(927) may be a potential treatment herbal medicine for cognitive impairment(927). Ginsenoside Rb1, a major chemical constituent found in ginseng, showed to inhibit cognitive impairment caused by diabetes, through GSK3β, a negative regulator in the hormonal control of glucose homeostasis)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress due to physiological and pathological insults in high glucose-treated hippocampal neurons(928).

2.4. In neuroprotective effects
In high glucose-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons, Ginsenoside Rb1 also, exerted a wide variety of neuroprotective effects by inhibiting CHOP signaling pathway involved in apoptosis signal in ER stress- and CHOP-mediated apoptosis(940), oxidative stress(926) and mitochondrial dysfunction(929)(941) and neuroinflammation(941). According to University Complutense of Madrid, Ginseng and its major constituents as potential neuroprotective agents against progression of Parkinson's disease(943),due ti its effectiveness in inhibition of oxidative stress(926) and neuroinflammation(941), decrease in toxins-induced apoptosis(944) and regulation of channels and receptors and channel activity(945)(942).

3. Xi yang shen(946), Yin in nature, The Sweet, slightly bitter, cool herb has been used in TCM to treat fatigue(947)(948), diabetes(949), cardiovascular diseases(950)(951) and atopic diseases(952), promote saliva, quench thirst(949)(950), due to yang deficiency of lungs, by promoting the lung and spleen qi, through increasing the digestive system in absorbing vital energy and reducing the heat causes of qi stagnation through Heart, Lung, Kidney channels.

Phytochemiclas
1. Resin
2. Pinene, Dipentene
3. α Phellandrene
4. β Phellandrene
5. α-amyrone,
6. α-amyrinone
7. α-amyrin
8. β-amyrin
8. Viridiflorol
9. Insensole
10. Insensole oxide
11. Ginseng Saponins: ginsenoside -R0, -Rb1, -Rb2, -Rb3, -Rc, -Rd, -Re, -Rf, -Rg1, -Rg2, -Rg3, -Rh1, -RA0, quinquenoside R1, gypenoside X1, F3, F11.
12. Etc.

Herbal Xi yang shen used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(953) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in ameliorated amyloid pathology(953) causes of neuro cells apoptosis(954) and related cognitive deficits(955).

3.1. In Alzheimer's disease
In Alzheimer's disease cell model, induced by Abeta25-35, water extracts of American Ginseng (WEAG), exerted a significant neuroprotective effects of  SH-SY5, a human derived cell line against cells apoptosi(954. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), a main component of found in American ginseng, in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice model, induced by scopolamine, morphine and methamphetamine, significantly mitigated learning and memory impairment in 15 days, through inhibited the expressions of β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Aβ1-40 in the cortex and hippocampus, restored the activities of antioxidants in decreased the production of malondialdehyde (MDA), a indicators of lipid peroxidation (953).

3.2.  In Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease
In neurodegeneration-like Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease rat model, induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). preparation of American ginseng leaves and stems significant reduced brain degeneration through its active phytochemicals, ginsenosides, Rb1, Rb3 and Rd(958), according to Baylor College of Medicine and Austin State University(957). Ginseng saponins, an active ingredients also found in ginseng species, including American ginseng also showed to exert beneficial effects on aging, central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and neurodegenerative disease through mediated protective mechanisms, including attenuated free radicals(959)(960).

3.3. In Neuroprotective effects
Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), a phytochemical of Panax quinquefolism (American ginseng) showed to exhibit its neuroprotective effect on methamphetamine (MA)-induced behavioral and neurochemical toxicities in mice(964) and  on Parkinson's disease (PD), in rat mode, in improvement of locomotor(962) by evoked neuronal excitability was mediated by increased release of glutamate(962); motor balance, coordination, and apomorphine-induced rotation, through its through inhibiting free radical formation and stimulating endogenous antioxidant release(961). According to the State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, water extracts of American Ginseng (WEAG) also exerted its neuroprotective effect on on SH-SY5Y cells apoptosis induced by Abeta25-35, in Alzheimer's Disease cellular model(963).

3.4. In  Cognitive impairment 
Amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and elevated oxidative stress, and apoptosis of the neurons has shown to induce the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11) found abundantly in American ginsen, exhibited recognition improvement effect in mouse model, through its antioxidant status in inhibition ofamyloidogenesis and oxidative stress and enhancement of neuronal functions(965) as well as ameliorated cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, and biochemical alterations caused by accumulation of intercellular messenger, nitric oxide (NO)(966).


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Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton  

4. Sang shen
 Sang shen also known as Mulberry or Morus Fruit, the sweet, sour and cold herb has been used in TCM as antioxidant(968)(969), antiinflammatory(969), anti ageing(991) and neuroprotective(968)(970) agent and to treat vertigo, tinnitus, insomnia, atherosclerosis(971)(973), vascular smooth muscle cells(972), lipid accumulation(974), weak digestion, premature white hair, thirst(967), diabetes(967), diarrhea, etc., as it nourishes Yin, and Blood, promotes generation of Body Fluid, moistens the Intestines, etc. by enhancing the functions of heart, liver and kidney channels(975).

Phytochemicals
1. Resveratrol
2. Anthocyanosides
3. Carotene
4. Thiamine
5. Ribflavin
6. Vtamin C
7. Vannin
8. Linoleic acid
9. Stearic acid
10. Etc.

Herbal sang shen used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(977) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in exertion of its neuroprotective effects(968)(970) through anti oxidative stress(968)(969), anti inflammatory(969) and anti excitotoxic (involved Alzheimer's disease) mechanisms(978) against cell membrane damage and mitochondrial function induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and glutamate-induced cell death(977).

4.1. In aging Alzheimer's disease(ADs)
Decreased the levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase caused by oxidative stress(979), alanine aminotransferase(980), triglyceride(981) and total cholesterol(982) due to ageing have shown to involve in the development of Alzheimer's disease. In ageing animals, mulberry extracts (ME), rich in phenolics and anthocyanins, significantly demonstrated  less amyloid beta protein and improved learning and memory ability through its antioxidant enzymes and reduction of oxidative damage(983).
Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) fraction extracted from sang shen effectively protected primary cortical neurons in 7 days, against glutamate-induced cell death cause of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease(ADs(978) in rat model(984).

4.2. In Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD), is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders with result of dopaminergic deafferentation of the basal ganglia)(985) and involvement of oxidative stress(986)(987).
According to Kyung Hee University, 70 % ethanol extract of mulberry fruit (ME), in dose-dependent manner, in vitro and in vivo PD models showed to prevent 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neuronal damage(999), through its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, regulating reactive oxygen species and NO generation(988).
 
4.3. Neuroprotective effects
Cyanidin-3-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside (C3G) found abundantly in the mulberry fruits exerted significantly its cytoprotective effect on PC12 cells(derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla) under oxidative stress induced neuro-degenerative diseases(983)(989). In neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, caused by cerebral ischemia, mulberry leaves (ML) exhibited neuroprotective actions in reduced the cytotoxicity in the PC12 cells against oxygen glucose deprivation with enhanced accumulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)(990).

4.4. In memory improvement
In mice model, mulberry fruits extract, significantly increased pre- and post-synapse formation(992), acetylcholine synthesisation(993), neuronal cell differentiation(994), neurite outgrowth(995) and neuronal cell proliferation(996) in the hippocampus, against loss of memory through its antioxidant in protecting or enhancing neuronal functions mediated by neurotrophic factors, such as nerve growth factor (NGF)(991). According to National Chung Hsing University, in memory deterioration in ageing animals, phenolics and anthocyanins, from mulberry fruits, inhibited amyloid beta protein(998) and improved learning and memory ability through induced  higher antioxidant enzyme activity and less lipid oxidation in both the brain and liver(997).

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton  

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(971) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833292
(972) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25614977
(973) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21619919
(974) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24143244
(975) http://alternativehealing.org/sang_shen.htm
(976) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22952555
(977) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22359473
(978) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23481689
(979) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18416873
(980) http://www.researchgate.net/publication/13595646_Increased_aspartate_aminotransferase_activity_in_cerebrospinal_fluid_and_Alzheimer%27s
_disease
(981) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25076901
(982) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12742802
(983) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Morus+Fruit+aging+dementia
(984) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22359473
(985) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181806/
(986) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24252804
(987) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12666096
(988) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20187987
(989) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16181734
(990) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16462030
(991) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23182412
(992) http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=9&ved=0CFIQFjAI&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS0896627304001825&ei=_zLWVK3lKM6GyASJuoGoDQ&usg=AFQjCNEyc3lFHKLgR23BgeVDvLJlA88EPw&sig2=X0709mxdzLje7Wm8hEa0Cg&bvm=bv.85464276,d.aWw
(993) http://www.google.ca/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCQQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsroom.ucla.edu%2Freleases%2Flost-memories-might-be-able-to-be-restored-new-ucla-study-indicates&ei=UTPWVL2RB4r5yATevoCYDg&usg=AFQjCNGgIpa9vkpNArifuMS8d5CLtiNfaA&sig2=Afv4YqTenwLVNXkc0Cr6Cw&bvm=bv.85464276,d.aWw
(994) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17978032
(995) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15010693
(996) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403568
(997) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19443193
(998) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23451158
(999) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22403568 

Most common diseases of Elders- Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM Herbal Cinnamon treatments of Dementia Caused by Spleen Qi Deficiency

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By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                      Diseases of Central Nervous system


                           Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.
V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)
C.3. Deficiency of Qi, mainly due to
B.3.3. Spleen Qi deficiency
Spleen is a vital organ, according to traditional Chinese medicine with function in absorbing nutrients and transport them to body's organs and cells. Spleen Qi deficiency is a condition of the inability of the spleen in maximized transportation of nutrients to body organs, including the brain. Prolong period of malnutrition of brain cells may induce abnormal functions in information transmitting or death of neurons, causing cognitive impairment(844), including learning and memory deficits(842) and changes in brain tissues and behavior patterns(843)(842).

Herbal medicine for Spleen Qi deficiency  
4. Cinnamon bark (Rou gui)
Rou gui, an acrid, sweet, very hot herb, is also known as Cinnamon bark, used in TCM  as anti-spasmodic(1110), antibiotic(1111), antigastric ulcers(1112), anti impotent and anti diabetic(1113)(1114) agent and to treat hepatitis(1115), flatulence(1116), weak digestion(1116), pain in solar plexus(1110), breast cancer(1117)(1118), tuberculosis(1119)(1120), etc., as it drains the liver heat, eliminates Qi accumulation, disperses nodules, reduces stagnation, etc.by enhancing the functions of heart, lung, bladder channels(1121).

Ingredients
1. Cinnamic aldehyde
2. Cinnamyl acetate
3. Eugenol
4. Aldehyde
5. Pinene
6. Coumarin
7. Cinnamyl alcohol
8. Cinnamic acid
9. Cinnzeylanol
10. Cinnzeylanine
11. Etc.

Cinnamon bark (Rou gui) used in the treatment of symptoms of neurological impairment(1108)(1109) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals, including major constituent cinnamaldehyde (CA) and epicatechin (EC)(1122)  in exertion of its neuroprotective effects(1123)(1123), through anti oxidative stress(1125), anti inflammatory(1124)) activities, against β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation(1126) induced neurotoxicity causes of  Alzheimer's disease.(1126)(1127) and neurodegeneration(1128).

4.1. In Alzheimer's disease 
Cinnamon, a multifaceted medicinal plant have shown to consist activities against neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's diseases(1129) by blocking and reversing tau modification and aggregation(1131)(1130) and ischemic stroke induced cell swelling(1130). In β-amyloid polypeptide (Aβ), associated to the development of Alzheimer's disease(AD), in mouses model, oral administration of cinnamon extract exhibited neuroroprotective effects in enhancing the fully recover of  locomotion defects and totally abolished tetrameric species of Aβ in their brain(1132). In a high fat/high fructose diet induced Alzheimer's disease(AD) symptoms, cinnamon (CN) ameliorated enzyme phosphatase and proteins tensin homolog (PTEN),  tau and amyloid precursor, associated to Alzheimer's disease(AD), through improved insulin sensitivity and related changes in the brain(1133).
According to The Business and Technology Center, West Lafayette, Chinese cinnamon, is one of the tested herb with potential  for prevention and treatment of early onset of Alzheimer's disease(AD)(1134).

4.2. In Parkinson's disease
In a mice model, oral administration of cinnamon (Cinnamonum verum) powder upregulaed and/or maintained the level of Parkin/DJ-1, a beneficial proteins associated to degeneration progression of Parkinson's disease(1135). through protection of dopaminergic neurons(1136). In oligomeriztion of α-synuclein (α-syn) formation associated with the symptoms of Parkinson's Disease, cinnamon extract precipitation (CEppt), inhibited oligomeric and fibrillar forms of α-syn through ameliorated aggregation of β-amyloid polypeptide(1137).

4.3. In neuroprotective effects
Oxidative stress has shown to associate to brain damage due to its high consumption of oxygen.
Cinnamon polyphenols, during oxidative stress, exhibited neuroprotective effects in glial cells by reduced overexpression of the proinflammatory factors(1138) and enhanced prosurvival proteins protein levels (sirtuin 1, 2, and 3, deacetylases) associated to glioma cells survival(1139). Cinnamaldehyde, a major chemical found in cinnamon, inhibited uncontrolled activation of microglia contributing to neuroinflammation involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases(1140). The herbal water extract, also exerted neuro protective effect against glutamate-induced neuronal death through the inhibition of Ca(2+) influx(1141).

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton  

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/ 
(842) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313575
(843) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24224039
(844) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23391905
(1108) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24358170
(1109) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23475543
(1110) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=cinnamon+anti-spasmodic
(1111) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24885682
(1112) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22760889
(1113) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25392573
(1114) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25051315
(1115) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24337968
(1116) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23868387
(1117) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25268975
(1118) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19969552
(1119) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22512578
(1120) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23607932
(1121) http://alternativehealing.org/gui_zhi.htm
(1122) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23531502
(1123) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21360003
(1124) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23497886
(1125) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25301673
(1126) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21305046
(1127) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20061605
(1128) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15229712
(1129) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24817901
(1130) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20513336
(1131) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19433898
(1132) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21305046
(1133) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24349472 
(1134) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17480132 
(1135) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24946862
(1136) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25284437
(1137) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22575665
(1138) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24631135
(1139) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24239092
(1140) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23497886
(1141) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10960905

recipe10

The (safe, nutritious, easy to prepare snacks for any occasion) ultimate allergy-free snack cookbook by Judi and Shari Zucker, Square one publishers. Over 100 kid -friendly recipes for the allergic child.

Frozen Fruit or Ice Cubes?

The foundation of any smoothie i fruit or fruit juice that is often thickened with ice.ice. Instead of ice, you can use frozen fruit. Either buy fruit that is already frozen or freeze your own fresh varieties. Wash the fruit well dry, and then place it in a zip-lock freezer bag. This is an especially good idea for berries, which are not always in season and spoil quickly. Frozen, they can last for months.

1. Pineapple-Banana Smoothie

Yield: 2 serving (about 8 ounce each)

1 cup rice milk

1 medium-sized ripe banana, cut to small chunks

1/2 cup crushed pineapple

1 tablespoon honey or brown rice syrup

1-6 cubes

1. Place all the ingredients in a blend.

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

2. Very Berry Smoothie

Grape juice adds great color to this frosty drink.

Yield: 2 serving (about 8 ounce each)

1 1/2 cups raspberries, blackberry, and/or strawberries

1 cup grape juice

4-6 ice cubes

1. Place all the ingredients in a blend.

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

3. Funky Monkey Smoothie

Carob powder gives this thick, rich drink the delicious flavor of chocolate

Yield: 3 serving (about 8 ounce each)

1 tablespoon carob milk

2 cups rice milk

2 medium sized ripe banana, cut into small chunks 

3 tablespoon honey or brown rice syrup

1 tablespoon vanilla

4-6 ice cubes

1. Place the carob powder and 2 tablespoon of the rice milk on a cup or small bowl and stir until the carob is dissolved. Transfer to a blender and add the remaining ingredients

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

4, Green Blueberry smoothie

This delicious smoothie has the added nutritional benefit of spinach-and kids won't even realize it!

Yield: 2 serving (about 8 ounce each)

2 cups water

2 cups fresh blue berries

1 medium-sized ripe banana, cut into small chunks

1 cup fresh spinach

2 tablespoon maple syrup

4-6 ice cubes

1. Place all the ingredients in a blend.

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

5. Rockin Raspberry Smoothie

Along with adding rich cream to this " very raspberry " smoothie nutrients-rich avocado offers amazing health benefits.

Yield: 2 serving (about 8 ounce each)

1 ripe avocado, peeled cuts into chunks

3/4 cup frozen raspberries

3/4 cup raspberries juice

3/4 cup orange juice

1. Place all the ingredients in a blend.

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

6.Totally Topical Smoothie

Mmmm...this yummy smoothie made with tropical fruit favorites is always a hit.

Yield: 3 serving (about 8 ounce each)

2 medium-sized ripe bananas, cut into small chunks

2 cups diced mango

1/2 cup crushed pineapple

1/4 cup unsweetened flaked coconut

1 tablespoon raspberry jam

4-6 ice cubes

1. Place all the ingredients in a blend.

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

7. Carrot-Mango Smoothie 

This smoothie is not only frosty and delicious, it's also packed with vitamins B,C, and E

Yield: 2 serving (about 8 ounce each) 

1 1/2 cups carrot juice

1 cup frozen mango 

4-6 ice cubes

1. Place all the ingredients in a blend.

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

8. Tutti-Frutti Smoothie

Although this smoothie is made with frozen fruit, you can use fresh as well-just be sure to add about six ice cubes in Step 2

Yield: 2 serving (about 8 ounce each)

1 1/2 cups frozen fruit (bananas, blueberries, peaches, raspberries and/or strawberries)

1 cup rice milk

1/4 tablespoon vanilla 

2 tablespoon vanilla

1. Place the fruit, rice milk, and vanilla in a blender and puree about 1 minute 

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

9. Green Tea and Goji Berry Smoothie

With a shape and texture that is similar to raisins, goji berries add a mild tangy flavor to this delicious smoothie

Yield: 2 serving (about 8 ounce each)

2 decaffeinated green tea bags

1/2 cups boiling water

2 large frozen bananas, sliced

1/4 cup dried or fresh goji berries, or 1/4 cup goji berry juice

2 tablespoon honey or agave nectar

4-6 ice cubes 

1. Place the tea bags in a cup, cover with the boiling water, and steep for 3 minutes. Remove the tea bags and let the tea cool completely.

2. Transfer the cooled tea to a blender. Add the remaining ingredients and blend for 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Pour into glasses , garnish with a few goji berries, and serve immediately

10.Carob-Banana Smoothie

Bananas make this carob-flavored smoothie rich and creamy, while dates add touch of sweetness

Yield: 2 serving (about 8 ounce each)

4 medium-sized ripe bananas, cut into small chunks

5 dates, chopped

3-4 tablespoon carob powder

6-8 ice cubes

1. Place all the ingredients in a blend.

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

11. Green tea and Goji berry smoothie
With a shape and texture that is similar to raisin, goji berry add a mild tangy favor to this delicious smoothie

Yield 2  servings, about 8 ounces each
2 decaffeinated green tea bags
1/2 boiling water
2 frozen banana sliced
1/4 cup dried or fresh goji berry or 1/4 cup goji berry juice
2 tablespoons honey or agave nectar
4 - 6 ice cubes

1. Place a tea bag in a cup, cover with the boiling water and steep for 3 minutes. remove the tea bag and let the tea cool completely.
2. Transfer the cool tea to the blender. Add the remain ingredients and blend on high speed or until mixture is smoothed for about 1 minute or until mixture is smooth and the ice well crushed.
3. Pour into glass, garnish with a few goji berry, and serve immediately.

12. Honerdrew- kiwi smoothie
This sweet melon-favored smoothie is the light and refreshing = perfect to serve on the hot day.

Yield 2  servings, about 8 ounces each
2 cups cubed honeydrew
1 1/2 cups cubed kiwi
1 tablespoon lime juice
1 tablespoon honey
1 teaspoon vanilla
6 -8 ice cubes
1. Place all ingredients in a blender
2. Blend on high speed or until mixture is smoothed for about 1 minute or until mixture is smooth and the ice well crushed.
3. Serve immediately.

13. Caribbean Coco-Loco smoothie

Yield 2  servings, about 8 ounces each
1 cup frozen mango chunks
3/4 cup rice milk
1/2 cup coconut milk
1/2 cup pineapple or pineapple orange juice
1 teaspoon vanilla
1-6 ice cubes

1. Place all ingredients in a blender
2. Blend on high speed or until mixture is smoothed for about 1 minute or until mixture is smooth and the ice well crushed.
3. Serve immediately.

14.Papa's papaya smoothie
We usually serve this tropical island special with a wedge of pineapple
Yield 3  servings, about 8 ounces each

2 cups chopped papayas
1 medium size ripe banana, cut into small chunks
1 cup pineapple juice
1/2 cup rice milk
1 tablespoon honey
4-6 ice cubes

1. Place all ingredients in a blender
2. Blend on high speed or until mixture is smoothed for about 1 minute or until mixture is smooth and the ice well crushed.
3. Serve immediately.


15. Peachy Granola smoothie
Yield 2  servings, about 8 ounces each

2/3 cup rice milk
1 large ripe peach (about 6 ounces) cut into small chunks
1/3 cup granola
1/2 teaspoon vanilla
4-6 ice cubes

1. Place all ingredients in a blender
2. Blend on high speed or until mixture is smoothed for about 1 minute or until mixture is smooth and the ice well crushed.
3. Serve immediately.

16. California sunshine sparkler
Very light.... very refreshing
Yield 2  servings, about 8 ounces each

2/3 cup rice milk
1 cup fresh or frozen bluebberries
1 cup seedless grapes
1 tablespoon brown rice syrup or honey
1 cup sparkling water

1. Place blueberries, grapes and brown rice syrup in a blender and blend on medium speed for about 1 minute.
2. Add sparkling water and stir on low speed for a few seconds.
3. Pour in glass over ice and serve.

17. Apple-ginger splitz
The combination of Granny Smith apple and carrot juice give this refreshing drink a sweet-tart taste, while the ginger gives a flavorful spark.
Yield 2  servings, about 8 ounces each

3 Granny Smith apples and cut into small chunks (about 2 cups)
1 cup carrot juice
1/4 teaspoon ground ginger
1 tablespoon lime juice
1/2 cup sparkling water

1. Place all ingredients in a blender
2. Blend on high speed or until mixture is smoothed for about 1/2 minute or until mixture is smooth and the ice well crushed.
3. Pour in glass over ice, garnish with a slice green apple and serve immediately.

Change it up..... For a sweet drink, use a sweet variety of apple, such as Delicious (red or golden), Fuji, Gala....

18. Banana frosty freeze
This drink is smooth, creamy and super frosty!

Yield 3 servings, about 8 ounces each

2 medium-size ripe  banana cup into small chunks
1 1/2 cup frozen peach slices
1/2 frozen orange juice concentrate
1/2 cup rice milk
1 teaspoon honey
4-6 ice cubes

1. Place all ingredients in a blender
2. Blend on high speed or until mixture is smoothed for about 1 minute or until mixture is smooth and the ice well crushed.
3. Serve immediately.

19. Lemon cooler
there is nothing like a homemade lemonade. It is the perfect drink to serve with chips and dips.
Yield 4 servings, about 8 ounces each.

2/3 cup fresh lemon juice (3 - 4 large lemons)
1/3 cup date sugar  or to taste
3 cups cold waters

1. Place a lemon juice and date sugar in a small bowl and stir until sugar is dissolved.
2. Transfer the mixture to a pitcher, add the cold water and stir well.
3. Serve as is or over ice.

Change it up.....For a  add of spark of flavor  and to turn the lemonade a fun pink color, add 1/4 cup cranberry or raspberry juice.
For a carbonated version, use sparkling water.

20. Spicy Chai tea cooler
If your kids like the spicy chai tea, they will enjoy this icy cold drink.
Yield 3 servings, about 8 ounces each.

2 cups chai tea, cooled
1/2 cup rice milk
1 tablespoon honey, or brown rice syrup
4-6 ice cubes

1. Place all ingredients in a blender
2. Blend on high speed or until mixture is smoothed for about 1 minute or until mixture is smooth and the ice well crushed.
3. Serve immediately.

21. Strawberries orange slushie

Although most kids like sipping this icy drink through a straw, it is thick enough to enjoy with a spoon.

Yield 3 servings, about 8 ounces each.

2 pints strawberries (about 5 cups) hulled and frozen

1/2 cup orange juice

(If using fresh strawberries, that aren't frozen add about 6 ice cubes)

1. Place all ingredients in a blender
2. Blend on high speed or until mixture is smoothed for about 1 minute or until mixture is smooth and the ice well crushed.
3. Serve immediately.

22. Pomegranate hibiscus tea cooler
Similar to the favor to cranberries, hibiscus herbal tea is blended with juice with pomegranate - a super food known for its healthy benefits - in this refreshing drink. We prefer using herbal tea because it's caffeine free.
Yield 4 servings, about 8 ounces each.

6 hibiscus herbal tea bags
2 cups boiling water
2 cups cold water
1 cup pomegranate juice
Lemon wedges for garnish (optional)

1. Steep the tea bags into boiling water for about 5 minutes. Remove tea bags and pour the tea into pitcher.
2. Add cold water and pomegranate juice and stir well. Refrigerate about 2 hours or until ice cold.
3. Serve as is or over ice cubes. Garnish with lemon wedge.

Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM Herbal Safflower (Hong Hua) treatments of Dementia Caused by Spleen Qi Deficiency

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                     Diseases of Central Nervous system

                             Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)
C.3. Deficiency of Qi, mainly due to
B.3.3. Spleen Qi deficiency
Spleen is a vital organ, according to traditional Chinese medicine with function in absorbing nutrients and transport them to body's organs and cells. Spleen Qi deficiency is a condition of the inability of the spleen in  maximized transportation of nutrients to body organs, including the brain. Prolong period of malnutrition of brain cells may induce abnormal functions in information transmitting  or death of neurons, causing cognitive impairment(844), including learning and memory deficits(842) and changes in brain tissues and behavior patterns(843)(842).

3. Safflower (Hong Hua)
Safflower, is a acrid, warm herb in nature, used in tradition Chinese medicine as anti-bacterial(1070), anti viral(1068)(1069), analgesic(1071), diabetic(1072)(1073), immune stimulant(1074), anti-inflammatory(1071), anti-spasmodic(1075) agent. As  a blood tonic in Chinese medicine, the herb is effective in treating dysmenorrhea(1075), amenorrhea(1075), by breaking up blood stagnation|(1077)(11078), improve blood flow(15) through warm-pungent-liver efficiency network(1079) and regulation of female reproductive hormone(1080) via liver, heart channels(1076).

Phytochemicals
1. Neocarthamin
2. Carthamin
3. Carthamone
4. Carthamidin
5. Saffloryellow
6. Saffloryellow-A
7. Apalmitic acid
8. Myristic acid
9. Lauric acid
10. Etc.

Herbal Safflower (Hong Hua) used in the treatment of symptoms of degenerative diseases(1091) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals, including major constituent Hydroxy-safflor yellow A(1081)baicalin, baicalein, wogonin(1088), in exertion of its neuroprotective effects(1082)(1083), through anti oxidative stress(1086), anti inflammatory(1084))(1085) activities, against β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation(1081) induced neurotoxicity causes of  Alzheimer's disease.(1087)(1089) and neurodegeneration(1090).

1. In Alzheimer's disease
Neuroinflammation has shown to be a major contribution to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1092). Hydroxy-safflor yellow A (HSYA), isolated from safflower, inhibited Aβ 1-43₁ induced inflammation(1096) through anti microglia-mediated neurotoxicity activity(1094). In PC12 cells induced by β-amyloid neurotoxicity, the phytochemical also inhibited cell viability, glutathione level, through ameliorated enzymes found extensively in body tissues, formation of DNA fragmentation, and levels of reactive oxygen species(1095) and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators(1097).


2. In Neuroprotective effects(1098)
In Hydroxy-safflor yellow A (HSYA) at the molecular level, the chemical showed to inhibited energy metabolism disruption, excitatory amino acid toxicity, oxidative stress caused by impaired metabolism in rats with ischemia, through suppressing proinflammatory and upregulating an anti-inflammatory mechanism(1099). It also exerted its neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), a major protein component of senile plaques induced neurotoxicity via decrease production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(1101), and ROS marker, malondialdehyde,  and increased the level of glutathione, stabilized mitochondrial membrane(1100) and protected against excitotoxic neuronal death(1102).

3. In memory dysfunction
Intake of safflower oil has shown to improve learning and memory ability in n-3 fatty acid deficient male mice(1103) and in an age-related neuro deteriorative mouse model(1106), probably through modulated physiological properties of entorhinal cortex neurons(1104) and the balance of ratio of brain phospholipid(1107), respectively. Nicotiflorin, a natural flavonoid extracted from safflower, in cerebral multi-infarct dementia in rats model, showed to enhance spatial memory through reducd ROS production(1105).


Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton  

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/ 
(842) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313575
(843) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24224039
(844) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23391905
(1068) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23061633
(1069) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23990301
(1070) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19712651
(1071) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333963
(1072) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22098918
(1073) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22180326
(1074) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21315002
(1075) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24212075
(1077) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Red+Sage+Root+and+uterus
(1078) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16181539
(11079) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25276956
(1080) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24960183
(1076) http://alternativehealing.org/carthamus_tinctorius.htm
(1081) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24412680
(1082) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17448528
(1083) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23420419
(1084) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24412680
(1085) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23333598
(1086) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23684718
(1087) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16101743
(1088) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=safflower+Parkinson's+disease+PD
(1089) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25672970
(1090) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12360580
(1091) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22070681
(1092) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25674199
(1093) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25404051
(1094) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24412680
(1095) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23420419
(1096) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23333598
(1097) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24690200
(1098) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24373810 
(1099) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3654365/
(1100) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22042506
(1101) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22867942
(1102) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20526740
(1103) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19763040
(1104) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22551210
(1105) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Safflower+dementia+symptoms
(1106) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7712178
(1107) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024623

Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM Herbal Chai Hu (Bupleurum) in treatments of Dementia Caused by Spleen Qi Deficiency

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                     Diseases of Central Nervous system

                             Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.
V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)
C.3. Deficiency of Qi, mainly due to
B.3.3. Spleen Qi deficiency
Spleen is a vital organ, according to traditional Chinese medicine with function in absorbing nutrients and transport them to body's organs and cells. Spleen Qi deficiency is a condition of the inability of the spleen in  maximized transportation of nutrients to body organs, including the brain. Prolong period of malnutrition of brain cells may induce abnormal functions in information transmitting  or death of neurons, causing cognitive impairment(844), including learning and memory deficits(842) and changes in brain tissues and behavior patterns(843)(842).

Herbal medicine for Spleen Qi deficiency
2. Bupleurum
Chai Hu  the bitter, slightly cold herb is also known as bupleurum root, used in TCM as antitrypanosomal, antimicrobial and antiviral, such as cold and influenza, alternated chill and fever, malaria(1047), cytotoxic(1045)  and anti-cancer agent(1046) and to treat irregular menses, prolapse of uterus and rectum(1048), etc., as it regulates and clears heat, improve liver function, raises Yang(1048) resolves depression and stagnation, etc. by enhancing the functions of liver, gall bladder, pericardium, triple burner channels.

Phytochemicals
 1. β-terpinene
2. imonene
3. β-fenchene

4. ulegone

5. Isoborneol
6. β-terpineol
7. α-copaene
8. Humulene
9. A-farnesene10. Aromadendrene
11. Cis-caryophyllene
12. β-elemene,13. Gamma-muurolene
14. Patchoulane
15. Pootkatone
16. Ledol
17. Etc.

Herbal chai hu used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(1049)(1050) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in exertion of its neuroprotective effects(1051) through its cytoprotection of neuron, and the neuroprotective mechanisms (1052), against apoptosis of neurons(1051) due Aβ oligomer-induced neuronal damage(1060) in concentration of corticosterone on hippocampal neurons(1059) in a dose-dependent manner.

Yokukansan, a popular herbal combination in Japan and China, containing chai hu,  may be the next potential herbal formula used for treatment, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body disease, Parkinson's disease, especially for the behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia (BPSD)(1064)(1065)(1066).

2.1. In dementia symptoms
In dementia, Yokukansan, also known as TJ-54, is composed of sev Angelica acutiloba, Atractylodes lancea, Bupleurum falcatum, Poria cocos, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cnidium officinale and Uncaria rhynchophylla,(1052)showed to ameliorated the memory disturbance, anxiety-like behavior, the increase in aggressive behaviors,  the decrease in social behaviors, ameliorates learning deficits and non-cognitive defects(1055) through improvement of neuronal and astroglial cells, via inhibit glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity(1053)(1054). According to ¹Keimei Memorial Hospital in Japan, the formula also showed to improve behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) together with donepezil in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1056).

2.2. In Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
In Alzheimer's disease, Yokukansan improved psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)(1058), such as  hallucinations, agitation, anxiety, irritability or abnormal behavior(1057)  in elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD)(1056). In patients with dementia with Lewy bodies Kampo medicine, yokukansan (YKS), including chai hu, also improved behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), through neuropsychiatric Inventory scores(1061).

2.3. In Parkinson's disease
In neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease, yokukansan, containing Chai hu, using the Unified PD Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) and Hoehn and Yahr scale, showed effectively in ameliorated symptoms of delusions, agitation, depression, euphoria, disinhibition with aberrant motor activity tended to improve but irritability showed no change with oral administration of (7.5 g/day) for 12 weeks(1062). In behavioral and psychological symptoms, the herbal formula, also exhibited improvements of these symptoms, without worsening cognitive function, ability to perform activities of daily living, or parkinsonism, after 4 weeks(1063). Yokukansankachimpihange, another formula containing chai hu, showed to exhibit anti hallucinate effects, through its major phytochemical atractylenolide III and β-eudesmol, through its antagonistic activity against serotonin receptors induced non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease and various forms of dementias(1067).

According to traditional Chinese medicine, the effectiveness of a herbal formula, is not results of single ingredient or single herb, but the combination of all ingredients of all herbs in the formula, even some of herbs in  the formula may show an significant efficacy in Western studies and clinical trials.

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton  

References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/ 
(842) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313575
(843) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24224039
(844) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23391905
(845) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20451955
(846) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21855622
(1045) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24438177
(1046) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21143894
(1047) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20796273
(1048) http://alternativehealing.org/chai_hu.htm
(1049) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20812276
(1050) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19801831
(1051) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23694845
(1052) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Bupleurum+Alzheimer's+disease
(1053) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19801831
(1054) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19409210
(1055) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19146938
(1056) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20170698
(1057) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20184936
(1058) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19538824
(1059) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25022209
(1060) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23838475
(1061) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23279145
(1062) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24169925
(1063) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19948198
(1064) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23055705
(1065) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19079814
(1066) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25246794
(1067) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25237752

Most common diseases of 50 plus - Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): TCM Herbal Peony (Chi Shao) treatments of Dementia Caused by Spleen Qi Deficiency

By Kyle J. Norton Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                     Diseases of Central Nervous system

                             Dementia

About 5-8% of all people over the age of 65 have some form of dementia, and this number doubles every five years above that age. Dementia is the loss of mental ability, severe enough to interfere with people's every life and Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.

V. Treatments
C. In traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective(*)
Based on Chinese ancient medical records. causes of dementia are the results of (*)
C.3. Deficiency of Qi, mainly due to
B.3.3. Spleen Qi deficiency
Spleen is a vital organ, according to traditional Chinese medicine with function in absoring nutrients and transport them to body's organs and cells. Spleen Qi deficiency is a condition of the inability of the spleen in  maximized transportation of nutrients to body organs, including the brain. Prolong period of malnutrition of brain cells may induce abnormal functions in information transmitting  or death of neurons, causing cognitive impairment(844), including learning and memory deficits(842) and changes in brain tissues and behavior patterns(843)(842).
Herbal medicine for Spleen Qi deficiency
1. Peony (Chi Shao)
Chi Shao or Chi Shao Yao with bitter, sour taste and cool in nature is also known as Peony Root, used in TCM as antispasmodic(1000)(1001), anti-inflammatory(1002)(1003), anti allergic(1004)  antibiotic(1005), anticonvulsant(1006), analgesic(1007), anxiolytic(1008) agent and to lower blood pressure(1009), dilate peripheral blood vessels, coronary arteries against heart attack(1010), treat viral hepatitis(1011), chronic constipation(1012), asthma(1013), whooping cough(1014), diabetes(1015)(1016), etc., as it clears heat, cools blood, eliminates blood accumulation, calms paindilates, etc., by enhancing the functions of liver and spleen channels(1017).

Phytochemicals

1. Essential oil

2. Resin

3. Paeoniflorin

4. Paeonol

5. Paeonin

6. Albiflorin

7. Triterpenoids

8. Sistosterol

9. Oxypaeoniflorin

10. Benzoylpaeoniflorin

11. Benzoic acid

12. β sitosterol

13. Gallotannin

14. Pedunculagin

15. 1-O-Galloylpedunculagin

16. Eugeniin

17. Tannin acid

18. Etc.

Herbal shao yao used in the treatment and prevention of dementia(1018)(1019) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals, including major constituent paeoniflorin, in exertion of its neuroprotective effects(1020)(1021) through anti oxidative stress(1022), anti inflammatory(1023), improving neural synapse plasticity(1024) mechanisms, against β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation(1025) induced  senile dementia and aging-induced cognitive dysfunction(1026).

1.1. Parkinson's disease PD
Strong evidences suggested that peony, possesses wide pharmacological effects in nervous system(1027)(1028). Paeoniflorin, a phytochemical isolated from peony, in PC12 cells induced by 6-OHDA found in patient with Parkinson's disease(1030),showed to suppress mitochondria apoptosis, through its antioxidant capability in increasing glutathione (GSH)(1032). by inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS)(1031). In Parkinson's disease (PD) progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons involved movement and mitochondrial dysfunction, in mouse model, peony significantly inhibited mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, via the regulation of expression of immunity, inhibition of cytochrome C associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion.release and caspase-3, a protein encoded by in CASP3 gene, activation(1031). According to University of Miami, polyphenols, included baicalin, baicalein, wogonin (in scutellaria), and paeonol, paeonoside, paeoniflori, found in peony, exerted neuroprotective efficacy, probably through improving cerebral blood circulation, involved alleviation of the symptoms of degenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD)(1033).

1.2. In Alzheimer's disease AD
Abeta42 deposition in hippocampus has shown to induce the brain inflammation causes of early onset of Alzheimer's disease AD(1034)(1035). Paeonol(2'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyacetophenone;1-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethan-1-one), found in peony, not only protect the nervous system against accumulation of amyloid peptide, Aβ1-42, through its anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties, but also slowed down in regulated  the pathogenic processes associated with AD, through morphological, biochemical and behavioral activities(1036). Aqueous extract of the dry root of Peony in Abeta((1-42))-induced rats, also inhibited Abeta-induced neurotoxicity, through ameliorated cognitive deficit,  cell apoptosis in dose-dependent manner(1037).

1.3. In cognitive impairment
Cognitive impairment is common in patients with the neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD, Paeoniflorin, isolated from the aqueous extract of peony, in rat model, not only showed to promote the cognitive ability, exhibited anti-depressant-like effect and reduced toxicity, but also attenuated the oxidative stress induced Aβ(1-42) by regulating choline acetyltrasferase and the activity of acetylcholine esterase in the hippocampus of Aβ(1-42)(1038)(1039). In Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, associated with the cognitive deficits of AD, the phytochemical also attenuated cognitive deficit and brain damage through ameliorated astrocytes(star-shaped glial cells in CNS) and microglias(glial cell in CNS) in hippocampus(1040). According to Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, on cerebral infarction induced neurological symptoms, paeoniflorin (PF) significantly reduced the infarct volume causes of cognitive impairment(1041).

1.4. In learning and memory
Supplementation of paeonol extractedfrom peony, in d-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mice, significantly improved the learning and memory ability through reduction of oxidative stress, cognitive impairment and neurotoxicity, according to China Pharmaceutical University(1042). Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS), an herbal formula,  containing peony and 5 other herbs, used to treat gynecological disorders and neural dysfunctions, in the same model study, showed effectively in improved cognitive ability, through ameliorating oxidative stress induced neuronal apoptosis in the brain(1043). Paeoniflorin, a major constituent of peony, also exhibited its beneficial effect on learning and memory impairment in rodents, by reversed the suppressible effects of adenosine as shown on passive avoidance test and inhibition of long-term potentiation (LTP)(1044).

Reprinted from Norton Journal, Volume I, Most Common Diseases of Ages of 50 Plus - Chapter of Diseases of Central Nervous system(CNS): Dementia - Treatments in Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine by Kyle J. Norton  

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(*) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/692621/ 
(842) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25313575
(843) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24224039
(844) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23391905
(1000) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19050990
(1001) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Peony+spastic
(1002) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22921747
(1003) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19003727
(1004) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18449501
(1005) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22891951
(1006) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18448067
(1007) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24467538
(1008) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15970315
(1009) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15015358
(1010) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21112198
(1011) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25479726
(1012) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Peony+constipation
(1013) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25289045
(1014) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Peony+coughs
(1015) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9703625
(1016) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25045390
(1017) http://alternativehealing.org/bai_shao.htm
(1018) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21185921
(1019) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19457098
(1020) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16086036
(1021) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23695964
(1022) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25446358
(1023) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25165413
(1024) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23667997
(1025) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21377451
(1026) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7816876 
(1027) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23980368
(1028) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23667997
(1028) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16086036
(1029) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9120425
(1030) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25446358
(1031) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24389454
(1032) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23023341
(1033) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22070681
(1035) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9197277
(1036) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798591
(1037) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19268972 
(1038) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17715794
(1039) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19268972
(1040) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16678139
(1041) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16137717
(1042) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19007942
(1043) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22414474
(1044) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11379768