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The smoothie for reduced risk and treatment of colitis
Yield: 2 serving (about 8 ounce each)
1 1/2 cups grape
1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams of green tea, and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes. Set aside for cooling to room temperature)
1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed. Add more green tea drink if needed
3. Serve immediately
The finding the natural ingredients for reduced risk and treatment of colitis without induced adverse effect is considered as a dream of many scientist. Unfortunately, many compounds found effective in initial studying failed to confirm the potential in large sample size and multi center. Some even produce conflicted results in second and further studies.
Colitis is a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, cecum and rectum.
1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed. Add more green tea drink if needed
3. Serve immediately
The finding the natural ingredients for reduced risk and treatment of colitis without induced adverse effect is considered as a dream of many scientist. Unfortunately, many compounds found effective in initial studying failed to confirm the potential in large sample size and multi center. Some even produce conflicted results in second and further studies.
Colitis is a condition of inflammation of the large intestine, including the colon, cecum and rectum.
Recent studies by respectable institutions suggested that green tea(1) may be next potential ingredients for reduced risk and treatment of colitis. According to the joint study lead by the Universiti Putra Malaysia, Gallic acid, a biochemical found in green tea inhibited inflammatory bowel disease, through reduction of oxidative stress in in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mouse colitis model(1).
High dose of EGCG and green tea inhibited colitis in rodent model, but the effectiveness may be limited due to species differences in xenobiotic metabolism and microbiota, according to Dr. Martin DA and Dr. Bolling BW.(2).
Procyanidins (ACT), a natural biologically active compound extracted from apple and grape seed, may also be next generation natural ingredient for treatment of colitis as it decreased the severity of selected markers of DSS-induced colitis in the distal ileum and proximal colon(5).
In the finding of the method for controlling the symptoms of autoimmune chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in Colitis Models, Green tea (GrTP and EGCG) significantly restored ahepatic and colonic antioxidants levels and attenuated severity of colitis in comparison to sulfasalazine(3).
In experimental models of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or oxazolone inhibited bowel inflammatory diseases through combined anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects(4), according to the National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo.
Resveratrol, another biochemical found abundantly in grape exhibited anti chronic intestinal inflammatory disease, through its antioxidative defense against production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and disturbed capacity(6), inflammatory cytokines as well as suppressed intestinal tumorigenesis through miRNA modulation(7).
The study by the Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC said, "(oral administration of )different resveratrol prodrugs and pro-prodrugs did not develop colitis symptoms and improved 6-fold the disease activity index (DAI) compared to resveratrol"(8).
In support to the effectiveness of esveratrol, the University of Hong Kong study, suggested intragastric administration of 2,3',4,4',5'-pentamethoxy-trans-stilbene (PMS) (25, 50 mg.kg(-1) body weight), a derivative of resveratrol for 16 weeks significantly reduced the multiplicity of colonic neoplasms by 15% and 35% respectively(9).
This discover of the effectiveness of Green Tea and grape phytochemicals may serve as cornerstones of pharmaceutical target for further studies in production of a potential medication for reduced risk and treatment of colitis with little or no adverse effects.
People who are at high risk of colitis due to family history, obesity,..... should drink at least one serving daily and people with colitis should drink the smoothie as much as they can, depending to digestive toleration.
Life style and dietary pattern change are recommended.
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References
(1) Gallic acid attenuates dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in BALB/c mice by Pandurangan AK1, Mohebali N2, Norhaizan ME3, Looi CY2.(PubMed)
(2) A review of the efficacy of dietary polyphenols in experimental models of inflammatory bowel diseases by Martin DA1, Bolling BW.(PubMed)
(3) Green Tea Polyphenols and Sulfasalazine have Parallel Anti-Inflammatory Properties in Colitis Models by Oz HS1, Chen T, de Villiers WJ.(PubMed)
(4) Orally administered apple procyanidins protect against experimental inflammatory bowel disease in mice by Yoshioka Y1, Akiyama H, Nakano M, Shoji T, Kanda T, Ohtake Y, Takita T, Matsuda R, Maitani T.(PubMed)
(5) Grape seed extract reduces the severity of selected disease markers in the proximal colon of dextran sulphate sodium-induced colitis in rats by Cheah KY1, Bastian SE, Acott TM, Abimosleh SM, Lymn KA, Howarth GS.(PubMed)
(6) Resveratrol Pretreatment Ameliorates TNBS Colitis in Rats by Yildiz G, Yildiz Y, Ulutas PA, Yaylali A, Ural M1.(PubMed)
(7) Role of microRNAs in resveratrol-mediated mitigation of colitis-associated tumorigenesis in Apc(Min/+) mice by Altamemi I1, Murphy EA1, Catroppo JF1, Zumbrun EE1, Zhang J1, McClellan JL1, Singh UP1, Nagarkatti PS1, Nagarkatti M2.(PubMed)
(8) Preventive oral treatment with resveratrol pro-prodrugs drastically reduce colon inflammation in rodents by Larrosa M1, Tomé-Carneiro J, Yáñez-Gascón MJ, Alcántara D, Selma MV, Beltrán D, García-Conesa MT, Urbán C, Lucas R, Tomás-Barberán F, Morales JC,Espín JC.(PubMed)
(9) 2,3',4,4',5'-Pentamethoxy-trans-stilbene, a resveratrol derivative, inhibits colitis-associated colorectal carcinogenesis in mice by Li H1, Wu WK, Li ZJ, Chan KM, Wong CC, Ye CG, Yu L, Sung JJ, Cho CH, Wang M.(PubMed)
