Most Common Diseases of 50plus: Pulmonary vascular disease(Respiratory disease): Pulmonary ebolism- Treatment In conventional medicine perspective

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                           Respiratory Disease

Respiratory Disease is defined as medical conditions, affecting the breathing organ and tissues including Inflammatory lung disease, Obstructive lung diseases, Restrictive lung diseases, Respiratory tract infections, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, the nerves and muscles breathing, etc,.

         Pulmonary vascular disease:  Pulmonary ebolism


Pulmonary vascular disease is defined as a condition of blood flow to the lung’s artery is blocked suddenly due to a blood clot somewhere in the body, including pulmonary embolism, chronic thromboembolic disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, pulmonary edema, etc.

                                                   

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is defined as a condition of blockage of blood flow due to a blood clot of either in main artery of the lung or somewhere else in the body. In most cases, it is in the deep veins of the legs or pelvic. The disease is a common and affect as many as 500,000 persons annually in the United States

                               The Treatment

A. In conventional medicine perspective
A. Medication
1. Anticoagulants, including
Heparin,Warfarin (Coumadin) and rivaroxaban (Xarelto). In the study of 256 patients with acute pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension or right ventricular dysfunction but without arterial hypotension or shock. The patients were randomly assigned in double-blind fashion to receive heparin plus 100 mg of alteplase or heparin plus placebo over a period of two hours. found that when given in conjunction with heparin, alteplase can improve the clinical course of stable patients who have acute submassive pulmonary embolism and can prevent clinical deterioration requiring the escalation of treatment during the hospital stay(48).
2. Clot dis solvers
Patients with acute pulmonary embolism are at risk for early death or chronic morbidity. Appropriate therapy can dramatically reduce the incidence of both. Appropriate therapy can dramatically reduce the incidence of both. Oxygen and heparin therapy should be started as soon as the diagnosis is suspected. The condition of a hypotensive patient with right ventricular overload from acute pulmonary embolism usually is made worse by a fluid challenge; hypotension may be relieved by preload reduction or even by gentle diuresis. Norepinephrine (Levophed), isoproterenol hydrochloride (Isuprel), and epinephrine are the pressor agents of choice. Immediate thrombolysis is the standard of care for any patient with significant hypoxemia or hypotension due to proven pulmonary embolism. Beyond this, the potential benefit of using thrombolytic agents should be considered routinely for every patient with proven pulmonary embolism(49).
B. Surgical treatments
1. Clot removal
The aim is to remove the existed large blood clot with a thin flexible tube (catheter) through your blood vessels. According to the study by Harvard Medical School, pulmonary suction thrombectomy can be a successful interventional tool in the treatment of pulmonary thromboembolism. Removal of clot burden typically results in prompt recovery of hemodynamic stability and improved oxygenation. However, in rare cases, clot removal does not sufficiently improve the clinical situation. Herein, two patients with massive pulmonary thromboembolism are presented whose condition improved only after they received nitric oxide as an adjunct to pulmonary suction thrombectomy(50).
2. Vein filter
The aim of placing a filter in the main vein called the inferior vena cava that leads from your legs to the right side of your heart is to filter catches and stops blood clots moving through the blood stream toward your lungs. In the study to investigate clinical experience with the Recovery filter as a retrievable inferior vena cava (IVC) filter, in one hundred seven Recovery filters were placed in 106 patients with an initial clinical indication for temporary caval filtration, found that although all the filters were placed with the intention of being removed, a large percentage of filters were not retrieved. The Recovery filter was safe and effective in preventing PE when used as a retrievable IVC filter(51).
3. Surgery
In case of acute pulmonary embolism, emergency surgery may be the only option to remove as much as clot as possible, specially there is a large clot in your main (central) pulmonary artery, if patients are in shock and thrombolytic medication isn’t working quickly enough. In the study to investigate the effectiveness of a comprehensive therapeutic algorithm including extracorporeal life support (ECLS) in high-risk acute pulmonary embolism (aPE) treated with pulmonary embolectomy, indicated that among the 25 patients, 24 had a PAOI≥0.5 and 23 had a RV-to-LV diameter ratio≥1.0. Four patients had right heart thrombi. Sixteen patients developed preoperative instability requiring inotropic and/or mechanical support. Eight in the 16 had a preoperative cardiac arrest (CA) and six of these were bridged to surgery on ECLS. Three in the 6 patients weaned ECLS after surgery and survived to discharge. The overall in-hospital mortality was 20% (n=5). A preoperative CA (Odds ratio [OR]: 16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-185.4, p=0.027, c-index: 0.80) and a postoperative requirement of ECLS (OR: 36, 95% CI: 2.1-501.3, p=0.008, c-index: 0.85) was the pre- and postoperative predictor of in-hospital mortality. No late deaths or re-admission for recurrence were found during a median follow-up of 19 months(52).

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable

You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis

By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(48) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12374874
(49) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7816717
(50) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15525752
(51) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16151059
(52) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23583612

Most Common Disease of50plus: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Risk factors

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia



                                                      Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than men and generally occurs after the ages of 40, causing diminished quality of life of many elders(1). According to CDC, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affects over 52 millions of adults in the US alone, including 294,000 children under age 18 with some form of arthritis or rheumatic conditions(2). Rheumatoid Arthritis can induced bone loss through elevating bone resorption without increasing bone formation(4). A cross-sectional population-based study of 1042 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that RA patients had an increased risk of death from various causes(4a).

                            The Risk factors

1. Age
The prevalence of Rheumatoid arthritis is proportional with the progression of age. The University of Twente study suggests age is independently associated with the levels of both acute phase reactants in early RA.(48).
In a study of 950 RA patients, the median age at the time of onset of RA according to age of the young-onset RA (YORA) and late-onset RA (LORA) is 58(49).
According to the joint study lead by the Leiden University Medical Center, Zone, expression of gene IL7R gene expression associates with longevity and healthy ageing are also found to involved risk of immune-related disease, such as RA and reduced health(50).

2. Gender and body mass index
If you are women and overweight, you are at increased risk to develop Rheumatoid Arthritis(51)(52)(54), probably due to the association between body composition BMI and inflammatory activity of in rheumatoid arthritis(55). The Korea study suggests, Middle- and old-aged women accounted for the majority of the Korean RA population, of which interfere with daily activity and employment rate(53).

3. Race
Genome-wide association studies and meta-analysis indicate that several genes/loci are consistently associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in European and Asian populations(40). In treatment of RA, Dr. Constantinescu F and the research team at the Virginia Commonwealth University said " (there is) racial disparities in treatment preferences for rheumatoid arthritis(56). The University of Nebraska, Omaha suggests 52 percent of African American subjects were found to be risk averse compared with 12% of the white subjects. Race remained strongly associated with risk aversion in RA(57).

4. Smoking
Smoking is considered as one of the environment risk factor in involvement of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development and severity(58). The Danish study insisted that smoking exhibits other risk factors including IgM-rheumatoid factor, anti-CCP and shared epitopes in contribution to the early onset of rheumatoid arthritis(59). In fact, the medical literature was reviewed from 1985 to 2001 with the assistance of a MEDLINE showed that cigarette smoking has been increasingly shown in epidemiologic and case-control studies to be an important risk factor for both the incidence and severity of RA, especially in seropositive men. The poor habit also induce mutations or alterations in p53, a suppressor gene found in patients with RA(60).


5. Family history
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated to greater risk in the first degree relatives in familial clustering, mothers confer susceptibility to RA on their offspring more often than fathers(61). According to the data on patients with RA were ascertained through the nationwide Swedish Patient Register of 88,639, the clinical Swedish Rheumatology Quality Register of 11,519, risk of RA are same in both sex but Familial factors is found to be overlap between seropositive RA and seronegative RA(62).


6. Vaccines
Certain vaccines may cause Rheumatoid Arthritis(65). But there is no statistically significant association between exposure to vaccine and onset of RA, according to the Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Center(64).

7. Other risk factors
Dr. Oliver JE and Dr. Silman AJ. in the study risk factors are that lead to the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). suggest diets high in caffeine, low in antioxidants, high in red meat, changes in the female hormonal environment such as in pregnancy, breastfeeding and the use of the oral contraceptive (OC) pill, cigarette smoking and passive inhalation of smoke may also contribute to an increased risk of RA(63).


Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

References

(1) 8 Areas of Age-Related Change(NIH)
(2) Arthritis-Related Statistics(CDC)
(3) Valgus deformities of the feet and characteristics of gait in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis by Keenan MA1, Peabody TD, Gronley JK, Perry J.(PubMed)
(4) Serum Sclerostin Level Among Egyptian Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Relation to Disease Activity ,Bone Mineral Density and Radiological Grading by Mehaney DA, Eissa M, Anwar S, El-Din SF(PubMed)
(4a) Death rates and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study by Sihvonen S1, Korpela M, Laippala P, Mustonen J, Pasternack A(PubMed)
(48) How age and sex affect the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein in early rheumatoid arthritis by Siemons L1, Ten Klooster PM, Vonkeman HE, van Riel PL, Glas CA, van de Laar MA.(PubMed)
(49) Age at onset determines severity and choice of treatment in early rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective study by Innala L, Berglin E, Möller B, Ljung L, Smedby T, Södergren A, Magnusson S, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Wållberg-Jonsson S.(PubMed)
(50) IL7R gene expression network associates with human healthy ageing by Passtoors WM1, van den Akker EB2, Deelen J3, Maier AB4, van der Breggen R1, Jansen R5, Trompet S6, van Heemst D7, Derhovanessian E8, Pawelec G8, van Ommen GJ9, Slagboom PE3, Beekman M3.(PubMed)
(51) Gender, body mass index and rheumatoid arthritis disease activity: results from the QUEST-RA Study by Jawaheer D, Olsen J, Lahiff M, Forsberg S, Lähteenmäki J, da Silveira IG, Rocha FA, Magalhães Laurindo IM, Henrique da Mota LM, Drosos AA, Murphy E,Sheehy C, Quirke E, Cutolo M, Rexhepi S, Dadoniene J, Verstappen SM, Sokka T; QUEST-RA.(PubMed)
(52) Women, men, and rheumatoid arthritis: analyses of disease activity, disease characteristics, and treatments in the QUEST-RA study by Sokka T, Toloza S, Cutolo M, Kautiainen H, Makinen H, Gogus F, Skakic V, Badsha H, Peets T, Baranauskaite A, Géher P, Ujfalussy I, Skopouli FN, Mavrommati M, Alten R, Pohl C, Sibilia J, Stancati A, Salaffi F, Romanowski W, Zarowny-Wierzbinska D, Henrohn D, Bresnihan B, Minnock P, Knudsen LS, Jacobs JW,Calvo-Alen J, Lazovskis J, Pinheiro Gda R, Karateev D, Andersone D, Rexhepi S, Yazici Y, Pincus T; QUEST-RA Group.(PubMed)
(53) Socioeconomic and employment status of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Korea by Kwon JM1, Rhee J, Ku H, Lee EK.(PubMed)
(54) Body mass index and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis by Qin B1, Yang M2,3, Fu H4, Ma N5, Wei T6, Tang Q7, Hu Z8, Liang Y9, Yang Z10, Zhong R11.(PubMed)
(55) Association between body composition and inflammatory activity in rheumatoid arthritis. A systematic review.[Article in English, Spanish]by Alvarez-Nemegyei J1, Buenfil-Relloy FA2, Pacheco-Pantoja EL3.(PubMed)
(56) Racial disparities in treatment preferences for rheumatoid arthritis by Constantinescu F1, Goucher S, Weinstein A, Fraenkel L.(PubMed)
(57) The association of race and ethnicity with disease expression in male US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis by Mikuls TR1, Kazi S, Cipher D, Hooker R, Kerr GS, Richards JS, Cannon GW.(PubMed)
(58) Smoking and rheumatoid arthritis by Chang K1, Yang SM2, Kim SH3, Han KH4, Park SJ5, Shin JI2.(PubMed)
(59) [Smoking--a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis development].[Article in Danish] by Christensen AF1, Lindegaard HM, Junker P.(PubMed)
(60) Cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis by Albano SA1, Santana-Sahagun E, Weisman MH.(PubMed)
(61) Family history as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study by Koumantaki Y1, Giziaki E, Linos A, Kontomerkos A, Kaklamanis P, Vaiopoulos G, Mandas J, Kaklamani E.(PubMed)
(62) Familial risks and heritability of rheumatoid arthritis: role of rheumatoid factor/anti-citrullinated protein antibody status, number and type of affected relatives, sex, and age by Frisell T1, Holmqvist M, Källberg H, Klareskog L, Alfredsson L, Askling J.(PubMed)
(63) Risk factors for the development of rheumatoid arthritis by Oliver JE1, Silman AJ.(PubMed)

The Smoothie of Carrot, Brazil Nut and Green Tea for Prevention and Treatment of Vulvar Cancer

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The smoothie for prevention and treatment of  Vulvar Cancer
Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)
1 cup Brazil nut
1/2 cup carrot
1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams of green tea and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and let cool to room temperature)

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.
3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for treatment of  Vulvar Cancer has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Vulva cancer is a cancer arises from the abnormal cells growth of the epidermis of the vulvar tissue. The invasive cancer tends to affects women in later life and accounts for approximate 4 % of all female reproductive organs cancers.
Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Green Tea(1) may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of Vulvar Cancer.
Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Due to its commercial values and health effects, green tea now has been cultivated all over the world in suitable climate. According to Associates in Women's Health Care, women who adopt healthy lifestyles and practice preventive healthy behaviors can reduce the risks of some cancers and other diseases, such as drinking tea(1) and intake of tomatoes regularly(1) and  Pap smear in screening(1)(2).

Dr. Han J said,"green tea extract inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-3-acetate-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity and counteracted 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-3-acetate-induced ear edema in mice. It is interesting that green tea extract inhibited the transformation of Balb/c 3T3 cells induced by methylcholanthrene and 12-O-tetradenanoylphorbol-3-acetate" of that related to the develop and progression of vulvar leukoplakia(3).

Major carotenoids, particular alpha carotene in common fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes and carrot might have a protective and preventive effect in reduced risk of Vulvar Cancer(4). According to the study of a total of in 88 women with gynecologic cancer (9vulvar, 15 cervical, 36 endometrial and 28 ovarian carcinomas) and 31 healthy control by Tampere University Central Hospital, serum of vitamin A is lower in women with vulvar Cancer(5).

13-cis-retinoic acid, a synthetic version with similar effect as vitamin A showed a significant effect in chronic epithelial vulvar dystrophies from long term and local retinoid treatment(6). The chemical also induced complete disappearance of dystrophy of the vulva in 33 out of 53 patients(7).

Selenium found abundantly in Brazil nut may also exhibited anti cancer effect(3). Patients with vulvar cancer are associated to reduced serum of selenium and antioxidative mechanisms(8).
Dr, Sundström H and colleagues,said," (selenium ) may be defective and that treatment with selenium and vitamin E results in changes of biochemical factors related to lipid peroxidation (in in uterine, ovarian or vulvar cancer)"(8).

Taking altogether, the combination of Carrot, Brazil Nut and Green Tea may process the activities in reduced risk and treatment of patient with Vulvar Cancer
Women who are at increased risk of Vulvar Cancer due to family history, genetic mutation, .... should drink 1 serving daily and people with Vulvar Cancer should drink as much as they can, depending to digestive toleration.
Life style and diet pattern changed are recommended

References

(1) Tomatoes, Pap smears, and tea? Adopting behaviors that may prevent reproductive cancers and improve health by Furniss K1.(PubMed)

(2) Screening for gynecologic cancer. Vulvar, vaginal, endometrial, and ovarian neoplasms by Hall KL1, Dewar MA, Perchalski J.(PubMed)

(3) Highlights of the cancer chemoprevention studies in China by Han J1.(PubMed)

(4) Diet and the risk of vulvar cancer by Sturgeon SR1, Ziegler RG, Brinton LA, Nasca PC, Mallin K, Gridley G.(PubMed)

(5) Serum vitamins A and E and carotene in patients with gynecologic cancer by Heinonen PK1, Kuoppala T, Koskinen T, Punnonen R.(PubMed)

(6) Leukoplakia of the vulva locally treated by 13-cis-retinoic acid by Markowska J, Janik P, Wiese E, Ostrowski J.(PubMed)

(7) Dystrophy of the vulva locally treated with 13-cis retinoic acid by Markowska J1, Wiese E.(PubMed)

Most Common Diseases of 50plus: Pulmonary vascular disease(Respiratory disease): Pulmonary embolism- Misdiagnosis and Diagnosis

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                           Respiratory Disease

Respiratory Disease is defined as medical conditions, affecting the breathing organ and tissues including Inflammatory lung disease, Obstructive lung diseases, Restrictive lung diseases, Respiratory tract infections, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, the nerves and muscles breathing, etc,.

         Pulmonary vascular disease:  Pulmonary embolism


Pulmonary vascular disease is defined as a condition of blood flow to the lung’s artery is blocked suddenly due to a blood clot somewhere in the body, including pulmonary embolism, chronic thromboembolic disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, pulmonary edema, etc.

                                                   

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is defined as a condition of blockage of blood flow due to a blood clot of either in main artery of the lung or somewhere else in the body. In most cases, it is in the deep veins of the legs or pelvic. The disease is a common and affect as many as 500,000 persons annually in the United States

                   Misdiagnosis and Diagnosis

D.1. Misdiagnosis
1. Congenital absence of the pericardium
There is a report of a case of a 23 year-old-male, who presented to the hospital with complaints of pleuritic chest pain and exertional dyspnea, of a two-week duration. He was physically active and his past history was otherwise insignificant. His chest CT with contrast was interpreted as showing evidence of multiple emboli, predominantly in the left lung, and he was started on a heparin and warfarin therapy. A repeat chest CT with contrast three weeks later showed no significant change from the previous CT scan. Both scans showed that the heart was abnormally rotated to the left side of the chest. An echocardiogram raised the suspicion of congenital absence of the pericardium, with a posteriorly displaced heart. In retrospect, motion artifact on the left lung, attributed to cardiac pulsations and the lack of pericardium, resulted in a CT chest appearance, mimicking findings of pulmonary embolism. The misdiagnosis of pulmonary embolism was attributed to the artifact caused by excessive cardiac motion artifact on the chest CT scan. In non-gated CT angiograms, according to St Francis Medical Center(29).
2. Pulmonary Artery Leiomyosarcoma
There is a report of a 64-year-old woman presented with progressive weakness, fatigue, malaise, and dyspnea, and a marked elevation of pulmonary artery pressure was admitted. She was initially diagnosed with chronic pulmonary thromboembolism and chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed that lobulated heterogeneous left hilar mass extended to precarinal and subcarinal space. MRI demonstrated a polypoid lesion at trunk with extension to left main pulmonary artery and its first branch(30).
3. Soft tissue sarcomas of the lower limb
Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rare, but not exceptional presentation of soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). According to the study by the University Hospital Agostino Gemelli, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart School of Medicine, STSs of the lower extremities can rarely present with DVT or PE. This possibility should be considered in the differential diagnosis of painful leg swelling, especially in patients with recurrent or refractory venous thrombosis. When a STS is suspected, MRI should be obtained followed by excisional biopsy of the eventual mass. A delay in diagnosis and treatment of STSs often results in very poor prognosis.Level of evidence(31).
4. Acute anterior myocardial infarction
Pulmonary embolism remains the major malingerer of acute chest disease. There is a report of a case of bilateral pulmonary embolism in a patient of 50 years. The electrocardiogram showed ST elevation in anteroseptal and lateral leads. The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was selected and a fibrinolysis achieved. Getting out under beta-blocker therapy, antiplatelet, statin and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors after 10 days hospitalization, the patient was readmitted one month later for a massive pulmonary embolism(32).
5. Acute abdomen
Pulmonary embolisms (PEs) are easily missed both in children and adults because of the varied presentations and subtle clinical findings. There is a report of a series of 2 cases of PE presenting as acute abdomen. Case 1 is a 14-year-old adolescent boy who presented to a pediatric emergency department with abdominal pain, whereas case 2 is a 22-year-old man who presented to the adult emergency department of the same institution with abdominal pain. There was a delay in diagnosis in both cases due to lack of recognition of the unusual presentation. Awareness of the unusual presentations of PE and the risk factors in both adults and children can assist the clinician toward an accurate diagnosis and timely therapeutic intervention(33).
6. Pulmonary artery sarcoma
In a Case analysis and literature review by Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, pulmonary artery Sarcoma can be easily misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism(34).
D.2. Diagnosis
1. Chest X-ray
In the study to investigate if preliminary chest radiograph (CXR) findings can define the optimum role of lung scintigraphy in subjects investigated for pulmonary embolism (PE), showed that In subjects investigated for PE, an abnormal CXR increases the prevalence of non-diagnostic scintigrams. A normal pre-test CXR is more often associated with a definitive (normal or high probability) scintigram result. The chest radiograph may be useful in deciding the optimum sequence of investigations(35).
2. Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan(Lung scan) and Spiral CT scan
Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) imaging has been used as the screening test for pulmonary embolism (PE) for many years with diagnostic algorithms developed as a result of the Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis study. With the increasing availability of spiral (helical) computed tomography (CT) and many studies showing a high degree of accuracy for PE, there is much support for the replacement of V/Q by spiral CT. This article reviews the literature concerning V/Q scanning, spiral (helical) CT, and the future potential for magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of PE(36).
3. Pulmonary angiogram
Traditionally, pulmonary angiography has been the gold standard, but over the years computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) has replaced it and is now the first line imaging test(37).
4. D-dimer blood test
In the study to validate the use of the Wells clinical decision rule combined with a point of care D-dimer test to safely exclude pulmonary embolism of 598 adults with suspected pulmonary embolism in primary care, found that pulmonary embolism was present in 73 patients (prevalence 12.2%). On the basis of a threshold Wells score of ≤ 4 and a negative qualitative D-dimer test result, 272 of 598 patients were classified as low risk (efficiency 45.5%). Four cases of pulmonary embolism were observed in these 272 patients (false negative rate 1.5%, 95% confidence interval 0.4% to 3.7%). The sensitivity and specificity of this combined diagnostic approach was 94.5% (86.6% to 98.5%) and 51.0% (46.7% to 55.4%)respectively(38).
5. Thorax ultrasound (TUS)
In the multicenter study to determine the accuracy of thorax ultrasound (TUS) in the diagnosis of PE (TUSPE) with data from January 2002 through September 2003 of 352 patients with suspected PE, showed that TUS is a noninvasive method to diagnose peripheral PE. In the absence of CTPA, TUS is a suitable tool to demonstrate a PE at the bedside and in the emergency setting(39).
6. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
In the study to assess the individual and combined usefulness of MRI techniques in cases of acute pulmonary embolism and to compare the usefulness of these techniques with that of 16-MDC, showed that MR perfusion imaging had a sensitivity of 93% for subsegmental pulmonary embolism(40).

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable

You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis

By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580923
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23607029
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23421389
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21272851
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19555633
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15634383
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11384139
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15199498
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23591793
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23036917
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16162754
(40) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16794142

Most Common Disease of50plus: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Causes

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia



                                                      Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than men and generally occurs after the ages of 40, causing diminished quality of life of many elders(1). According to CDC, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affects over 52 millions of adults in the US alone, including 294,000 children under age 18 with some form of arthritis or rheumatic conditions(2). Rheumatoid Arthritis can induced bone loss through elevating bone resorption without increasing bone formation(4). A cross-sectional population-based study of 1042 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that RA patients had an increased risk of death from various causes(4a).

                                       The Causes

Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by immune dysfunction in attacking its own tissues, causing severe damage and inflammation of the joints, especially in the progresses to destruction of cartilage and bone. The causes of auto immune disorder is unknown, but some researchers expected the following.

1. Abnormal autoimmune response
Scientists in the study of Abnormal networks of immune response-related molecules in bone marrow cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis suggested that patients with abnormal gene expressions of interleukin (IL) -37,(32a), miR-573 on IL-6 production(33) and microRNA-203(34),... are associated to increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis.
Dr. Lee HM and the research team at the Osaka University said" Abnormal regulatory networks in the immune response and one marrow (BM) cells from RA patients, indicating that the BM is pathologically involved in RA"(35).

2. Abnormal lipid profile
Abnormal lipid profile in many cases is associated to the metabolic syndrome risk, especially in patient with type II diabetes(36). The University of California suggested that patient with rheumatoid arthritis are found to have a high expression of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol driven by increases in cholesterol ester catabolism(37). Dr. Xue C and the research team at the People's Hospital of Peking University showed that the association of rheumatoid arthritis and an abnormal lipid profile may be contributed as a result of increased inflammation markers and autoimmune antibodies(38) or inflammatory changes in HDL-C and Lp(a) metabolisms(39).


3. Genetic susceptibility
Certain genetic variations inherited from a parent, may be involved in the expression of RA patient, some research insisted. The Immunochip custom SNP array of 11,475 individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (cases) of European ancestry and 15,870 controls for 129,464 markers found that people with certain gene of loci are found to have an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis(40).
Genetic association of CCR5 promoter polymorphism also seems to play an important role in determining different forms of rheumatoid arthritis(41), according to the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. In fact, over expression of Aiolos polymorphisms(42), LRP3 rs35829419 polymorphism(43), Interleukin-6 promoter haplotypes(44),... are all found to induced certain human diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis.




4. Inflammatory and infectious connections
Chronic inflammation of the joint can result of thickens the synovium, of that affect the cartilage and bone within the joint. Dr. Liao F. and the the research team at the Wuhan University said" Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common, systemic autoimmune disease which leads to destruction of the joint architecture and consequent disability"(46). According to Epidemiological studies, the prevalence of RA affects about 5% of the population are aged 50 years or older, involved the connection of infectious etiology with a complex inflammatory response(45).
T helper 17 cells (Th17), a major effector cells in several chronic inflammatory states, correlated with local and systemic parameters of inflammation may also be a causative link to the expression of patient with RA(47).


Arthritis Is Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer recommended by Kyle J. Norton

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

References

(1) 8 Areas of Age-Related Change(NIH)
(2) Arthritis-Related Statistics(CDC)
(3) Valgus deformities of the feet and characteristics of gait in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis by Keenan MA1, Peabody TD, Gronley JK, Perry J.(PubMed)
(4) Serum Sclerostin Level Among Egyptian Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Relation to Disease Activity ,Bone Mineral Density and Radiological Grading by Mehaney DA, Eissa M, Anwar S, El-Din SF(PubMed)
(4a) Death rates and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study by Sihvonen S1, Korpela M, Laippala P, Mustonen J, Pasternack A(PubMed)

(32a) Insights into IL-37, the role in autoimmune diseases by Xu WD1, Zhao Y1, Liu Y2.(PubMed)
(33) miR-573 is a negative regulator in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis by Wang L1, Song G2, Zheng Y3, Wang D4, Dong H4, Pan J1, Chang X3.(PubMed)
(34) Altered expression of microRNA-203 in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and its role in fibroblast activation by Stanczyk J1, Ospelt C, Karouzakis E, Filer A, Raza K, Kolling C, Gay R, Buckley CD, Tak PP, Gay S, Kyburz D.(PubMed)
(35) Abnormal networks of immune response-related molecules in bone marrow cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis as revealed by DNA microarray analysis by Lee HM1, Sugino H, Aoki C, Shimaoka Y, Suzuki R, Ochi K, Ochi T, Nishimoto N.(PubMed)
(36) What is the consequence of an abnormal lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome? by Windler E1(PubMed)
(37) Potential mechanisms leading to the abnormal lipid profile in patients with rheumatoid arthritis versus healthy volunteers and reversal by tofacitinib by Charles-Schoeman C1, Fleischmann R, Davignon J, Schwartz H, Turner SM, Beysen C, Milad M, Hellerstein MK, Luo Z, Kaplan IV, Riese R, Zuckerman A,McInnes IB.(PubMed)
(38) [Association between systemic inflammation and autoimmunity parameters and plasma lipid in patients withrheumatoid arthritis].[Article in Chinese]by Xue C1, Liu WL, Sun YH, Ding RJ, Hu DY.(PubMed)
(39) Lp(a) lipoprotein and lipids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: serum levels and relationship to inflammation by Dursunoğlu D1, Evrengül H, Polat B, Tanriverdi H, Cobankara V, Kaftan A, Kiliç M.(PubMed)
(40) High-density genetic mapping identifies new susceptibility loci for rheumatoid arthritis by
Eyre S, Bowes J, Diogo D, Lee A, Barton A, Martin P, Zhernakova A, Stahl E, Viatte S, McAllister K, Amos CI, Padyukov L, Toes RE, Huizinga TW, Wijmenga C,Trynka G, Franke L, Westra HJ, Alfredsson L, Hu X, Sandor C, de Bakker PI, Davila S, Khor CC, Heng KK, Andrews R, Edkins S, Hunt SE, Langford C, Symmons D; Biologics in Rheumatoid Arthritis Genetics and Genomics Study Syndicate; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, Concannon P, Onengut-Gumuscu S,Rich SS, Deloukas P, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Ärlsetig L, Martin J, Rantapää-Dahlqvist S, Plenge RM, Raychaudhuri S, Klareskog L,Gregersen PK, Worthington J.(PubMed)
(41) Genetic association of CCR5 promoter single nucleotide polymorphism in seronegative and seropositiverheumatoid arthritis by Lima G1, Furuzawa-Carballeda J, Ramos-Bello D, Jakez-Ocampo J, Pascual-Ramos V, Núñez-Alvarez CA, Granados J, Llorente L.(PubMed)
(42) Overexpression of Aiolos in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Subsets from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Rheumatoid Arthritis by Cai X1, Liu X1, Du S1, Xu X1, Liu A1, Ge X1, Qiao Y1, Jiang Y2,3.(PubMed)
(43) NLRP3 rs35829419 polymorphism is associated with increased susceptibility to multiple diseases in humans by Zhang Q1, Fan HW1, Zhang JZ1, Wang YM1, Xing HJ1.(PubMed)
(44) Interleukin-6 promoter haplotypes are associated with etanercept response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by Schotte H1, Schmidt H2, Gaubitz M3, Drynda S4, Kekow J4, Willeke P5, Schlüter B2.(PubMed)
(45) Rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis - inflammatory and infectious connections. Review of the literature by Rutger Persson G1(PubMed)
(46) Porphyromonas gingivalis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis-associatedrheumatoid arthritis by Liao F1, Li Z, Wang Y, Shi B, Gong Z, Cheng X.(PubMed)
(47) The potential role of Th17 in mediating the transition from acute to chronic autoimmune inflammation:rheumatoid arthritis as a model by Ferraccioli G1, Zizzo G.(PubMed)

The Smoothie of Avocado, Carrot, Green Tea and Grape for Prevention and Treatment of Granulomatous mastitis

 Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.

Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post

Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years

Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The curable smoothie for reduced risk and treatment of  Granulomatous mastitis 

Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)

1/2 cup carrot

1/2 cup avocado
1/2 cup grape

1 cup green tea drink 1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams(2 tea bags) of green tea, a slice of ginger and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and set aside for cooling to room temperature)

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed. Add more green tea drink if needed

3. Serve immediately

Granulomatous mastitis is a very rare breast inflammatory disease of unknown etiology

The finding the natural ingredients for treatment of  Granulomatous mastitis  is considered as a dream of many scientist to replace the long usage adverse effect of conventional medicine to other organs in the body. Unfortunately, many compounds found effective in initial studying failed to confirm the potential in large sample size and multi center.

Recent reports from numbers of well known institutions insisted, intake of carrot(1) with high amount carotenoids, may be the next generation ingredient to be used on prevention and treatment of Granulomatous mastitis.

Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Due to its commercial values and health effects, green tea now has been cultivated all over the world in suitable climate. Its phytochemical EGCG normalized LPS-induced low activities of antioxidant enzymes as well as decreased the high levels of inflammatory cytokine into the duct of mammary gland(1).

According to the Tufts University School of Medicine, green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), may also be beneficial in combinatorial treatments against active inflammatory breast cancer IBC disease or in maintenance regimens to avoid recurrence(2).

Resveratrol is a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in skins and seed of grape may be effective in treatment of inflammatory breast disease through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties(3).
According to the Northwestern University Medical School, "the expression of resveratrol anti-inflammatory, anti-platelet, and anti-carcinogenic effect through inhibited the binding of labeled estradiol to the estrogen receptor and it activated transcription of estrogen-responsive reporter genes transfected into human breast cancer cells"(4).
Vitamin derivatives α-tocopherol of vitamin E(avocado), retinol, and β-carotene of vitamin A(carrot) may be potential used a natural ingredients for treatment of inflammatory breast diseases through theirs reaction in different tissues and the genetic expression of inflammatory mediators, including breast cancer(5).

According to the Federal University of Viçosa, the effectiveness of vitamin E in ameliorated po inflammatory activities is due to its function of inflammatory mediators inh inhibition of cytokines IL-8, IL-10, and IFNγ(6).

The smoothie of Avocado, Carrot, Green Tea and Grape may hold a key in further studies in production of effective natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of any type of cystic breast disease without inducing adverse effects.

Women who are at increased risk of any of Granulomatous mastitis, due to family history,... should drink at least one cup daily. Women with any type of Granulomatous mastitis should drink no more than 4 serving daily depending to the digestive toleration.

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

References

(1) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced mastitis in rats via suppressing MAPK mediated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress by Chen J1, Xu J1, Li J1, Du L1, Chen T2, Liu P1, Peng S1, Wang M1, Song H3.(PubMed)

(2) Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits stem-like inflammatory breast cancer cells by Mineva ND1, Paulson KE, Naber SP, Yee AS, Sonenshein GE.(PubMed)

(3) Resveratrol-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is mediated primarily through the caspase-3-dependent pathway by Alkhalaf M1, El-Mowafy A, Renno W, Rachid O, Ali A, Al-Attyiah R.(PubMed).

(4) Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in grapes and wine, is an agonist for the estrogen receptor by Gehm BD1, McAndrews JM, Chien PY, Jameson JL.(PubMed)

(5) Antioxidant vitamins and cytokines are altered in breast cancer by Abranches MV1, Mendes MC, Pena Gd, Maia YC, Ribeiro SM, Franceschini Sdo C, de Paula SO, de Freitas RN, Peluzio MC.*(PubMed)

(6) Antioxidant vitamins and cytokines are altered in breast cancer by Abranches MV1, Mendes MC, Pena Gd, Maia YC, Ribeiro SM, Franceschini Sdo C, de Paula SO, de Freitas RN, Peluzio MC.(PubMed)

Most Common Diseases of 50plus: Pulmonary vascular disease(Respiratory disease): Pulmonary embolism- The Prevention

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                           Respiratory Disease

Respiratory Disease is defined as medical conditions, affecting the breathing organ and tissues including Inflammatory lung disease, Obstructive lung diseases, Restrictive lung diseases, Respiratory tract infections, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, the nerves and muscles breathing, etc,.

         Pulmonary vascular disease:  Pulmonary embolism


Pulmonary vascular disease is defined as a condition of blood flow to the lung’s artery is blocked suddenly due to a blood clot somewhere in the body, including pulmonary embolism, chronic thromboembolic disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, pulmonary edema, etc.

                                                   

Pulmonary edema is defined as a condition of fluid accumulation in the air spaces and parenchyma of the lungs of that can lead to difficult of breathing and respiratory failure.

                                     The Prevention

Since Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a result of blockage of blood flow due to a blood clot of either in main artery of the lung or somewhere else in the body. Any Phytochemicals and antioxidants containing anti coagulation property is associated to reduced risk of the disease.
A. Diet to prevent pulmonary embolism
Since Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a result of blockage of blood flow due to a blood clot of either in main artery of the lung or somewhere else in the body. Any food containing anti coagulation property is associated to reduced risk of the disease
1. Onion and Garlic
in the testing the effect of dried garlic (Allium sativum) powder on blood lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in a 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Seventy-five healthy, normo-lipidaemic volunteers (men and women aged 40-60 years) were assigned to dried garlic powder tablets (10.8 mg alliin (3-(2-propenylsulfinyl)-L-alanine)/d, corresponding to about three garlic cloves) or placebo, showed that garlic powder was associated with a near-significant decrease (12 %) in triacylglycerol concentration (P=0.07). In conclusion, garlic powder tablets have no clinically relevant lipid-lowering and blood pressure-lowering effects in middle-aged, normo-lipidaemic individuals. The putative anti-atherosclerotic effect of garlic may be linked to risk markers other than blood lipids, according to “Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) powder tablets on serum lipids, blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normo-lipidaemic volunteers: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial” by Turner B, Mølgaard C, Marckmann P.(41). Other in a study of “Inhibition of whole blood platelet-aggregation by compounds in garlic clove extracts and commercial garlic products.” by Lawson LD, Ransom DK, Hughes BG. posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that The best garlic powder tablets were equally as active as clove homogenates whereas steam-distilled oils were 35% as active and oil-macerates (due to low content) only 12% as active. A garlic product aged many months in aqueous alcohol had no activity. For steam-distilled oils, most of the activity was due to diallyl trisulfide. For the oil-macerates, most of the activity was due largely to the vinyl dithiins. Ajoene, an exclusive component of the oil-macerates, had highest specific activity of all the compounds tested but, because of its low concentration, had only 13% of the activity of diallyl trisulfide and 3% of the activity of allicin. Compounds which may be active in vivo are discussed.
2. Ginger
In the identification of key hepatic pathways targeted by anti-obsogenic ginger phytochemicals fed to mice, found that Dietary ginger phytochemicals target cholesterol metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in mice, with consequences, according to “Ginger phytochemicals mitigate the obesogenic effects of a high-fat diet in mice: a proteomic and biomarker network analysis” by Beattie JH, Nicol F, Gordon MJ, Reid MD, Cantlay L, Horgan GW, Kwun IS, Ahn JY, Ha TY.(42). Other In the study of ginger proteases were extracted from fresh ginger rhizome by using phosphate buffer and subsequently purified by ion exchange chromatography, found that the ginger proteases exhibited a similar affinity for κ-casein and higher specificity with increasing temperature. Gel electrophoresis and mass spectra indicated that Ala90-Glu91 and His102-Leu103 of κ-casein were the preferred target bonds of ginger proteases. The milk clotting activity, affinity, and specificity toward κ-casein showed that ginger protease is a promising rennet-like protease that could be used in manufacturing cheese and oriental-style dairy foods, according to “Purification, characterization, and milk coagulating properties of ginger proteases” by Huang XW, Chen LJ, Luo YB, Guo HY, Ren FZ.(43).
3. Red pepper
In a study of Thirty-six participants (22 women and 14 men), aged 46+/-12 (mean+/-s.d.) years; BMI 26.4+/-4.8 kg/m(2), consumed 30 g/day of a chilli blend (55% cayenne chilli) with their normal diet (chilli diet), and a bland diet (chilli-free) for 4 weeks each, researchers found that Four weeks of regular chilli consumption has no obvious beneficial or harmful effects on metabolic parameters but may reduce resting heart rate and increase effective myocardial perfusion pressure time in men, according to” The effect of 4-week chilli supplementation on metabolic and arterial function in humans” by Ahuja KD, Robertson IK, Geraghty DP, Ball MJ.(44). Fermented red pepper paste(FRPP) has caused a modulation of cholesterol levels not seen in the placebo group, causing either no variation or a decrease in low-density lipoprotein and total cholesterol levels, according to the study of “Hypoxanthine levels in human urine serve as a screening indicator for the plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein modulation activities of fermented red pepper paste” by Kim Y, Park YJ, Yang SO, Kim SH, Hyun SH, Cho S, Kim YS, Kwon DY, Cha YS, Chae S, Choi HK.(45).
B. Phytochemicals and antioxidantsto prevent pulmonary embolism
1. Curcumin
In a study of `Curcumin, a major component of food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and alters eicosanoid metabolism in human blood platelets.`by Srivastava KC, Bordia A, Verma SK. (Source from Department of Environmental Medicine, Odense University Denmark.) posted in US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, researchers found that this compound inhibited thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production from exogenous [14C] arachidonate in washed platelets with a concomitant increase in the formation of 12-lipoxygenase products. Moreover, curcumin inhibited the incorporation of [14C]AA into platelet phospholipids and inhibited the deacylation of AA-labelled phospholipids (liberation of free AA) on stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187. Curcumin’s anti-inflammatory property may, in part, be explained by its effects on eicosanoid biosynthesis.
2. Cinnamic acid
A series of novel ligustrazinyloxy-cinnamic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation in vitro,
found that compound 2e displayed the highest protective effect on the proliferation of the damaged ECV-304 cells (EC(50) = 0.020 mM), and compound 2f was the most active anti-platelet aggregation agent (EC(50) = 0.054 mM). Structure-activity relationships were briefly discussed, according to “Ligustrazine derivatives. Part 5: design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ligustrazinyloxy-cinnamic acid derivatives as potent cardiovascular agents” by Chen H, Li G, Zhan P, Liu X.(46)
3. Aqueous extracts of onion, garlic and ginger
Aqueous extracts of onion, garlic and ginger inhibited platelet aggregation induced by several aggregation agents, including arachidonate (AA), in a dose-dependent manner. While onion and garlic extracts were found to be weak inhibitors of platelet thromboxane synthesis, ginger extract inhibited the platelet cyclooxygenase products and this effect correlated well with its inhibitory effects on the platelet aggregation induced by the above aggregation agents(47).

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable

You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis

By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(41) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15522140
(42) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21954187
(43) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21524515
(44) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16929238
(45) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20797477
(46) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21993151
(47) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6440548