Medical Advisor Journals

Saturday, May 28, 2016

General Health: Candida Albicans: The Testing of Candidiasis

1. Candida spit test(produced by a multi-million dollar corporation, Global Health Trax Inc.)
If you doctor suspects that you may have Candida, he/she would ask for a Candida saliva or candida spit test. With this test, you are asked to place a glass filled clear water by your bed at night. When you wake in the morning, work up a bit of saliva and spit into it, then check the water every 15 minutes or so for up to one hour.
a) If you have Candida, you will see strings traveling down into the water with the saliva floating on the top, or cloudy saliva sinks to the bottom of the glass, or cloudy specks is suspended in the water.

b) If there is only saliva still floating after at one hour, you have Candida under control.

Unfortunately, according to Vaughter wellness, "One problem with the spit test is that a significant percentage of people who don’t have Candida test “positive”. A much bigger problem is that a significant percentage of people who do have Candida test negative"(11).

2. Medical test
With the medical Candida tests included immunological test of IgG, IgM, IgA, Candida antigen, and immune complexes, you will have to visit the doctor and they will order the tests. The specimens will be sent to a lab and the results sent to the doctor. You will then visit the doctor a second time to get your results. The doctor will recommend a treatment program, if you are tested positively.
a) Candida Immune Complexes test
It is a blood test to determine if you have had an immune response to Candida albicansa, large presence of these antibodies(15) would indicate a Candida overgrowth(12)(13)(14).

b) Combination of IgA, IgG and IgM tests

b.1. Immunoglobulin A (IgA)(15)(16)(17)
It is an antibody that plays a critical role in mucosal immunity, which is found in high concentrations in the mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum and particularly those lining the respiratory passages, gastrointestinal andgenitourinary tract.

b.2. Immunoglobulin IgG(15)(16)(17)
It is a antibody molecules that corresponds to maturation of the antibody response in protecting our body against bacterial and viral infections, found in all body fluids.

b.3. Immunoglobulin IgM(18)(19)
It is a basic antibody that is produced by B cells, the first antibody to appear in response to initial exposure to antigen, found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid.

By analyzing the antibody in the combination results of all 3 tests, your doctor can determine that you have Candidiasis or not.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(1) Non-albicans Candida spp. causing fungaemia: pathogenicity and antifungal resistance by Krcmery V1, Barnes AJ.(PubMed)
(2) Pathogenicity and drug resistance in Candida albicans and other yeast species. A review by Mishra NN1, Prasad T, Sharma N, Payasi A, Prasad R, Gupta DK, Singh R.(PubMed)
(3) Multidrug resistance in yeast Candida by Prasad R1, Kapoor K.(PubMerd)
(4) New evidence that Candida albicans possesses additional ATP-binding cassette MDR-like genes: implications for antifungal azole resistance. by Walsh TJ1, Kasai M, Francesconi A, Landsman D, Chanock SJ.(PubMed)
(5) Mechanisms of resistance to azole antifungal agents in Candida albicansisolates from AIDS patients involve specific multidrug transporters.by Sanglard D1, Kuchler K, Ischer F, Pagani JL, Monod M, Bille J.(PubMed)
(6) Structural analysis of phospho-D-mannan-protein complexes isolated from yeast and mold form cells of Candida albicans NIH A-207 serotype A strain by Shibata N1, Fukasawa S, Kobayashi H, Tojo M, Yonezu T, Ambo A, Ohkubo Y, Suzuki S.(PubMed)
(7) The effect of antifungal combination on transcripts of a subset of drug-resistance genes in clinical isolates of Candida species induced biofilms by Ibrahim NH1, Melake NA2, Somily AM3, Zakaria AS4, Baddour MM5, Mahmoud AZ6(PubMed)
(8) Antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic fungi. by Vanden Bossche H1, Dromer F, Improvisi I, Lozano-Chiu M, Rex JH, Sanglard D.(PubMed)
(9) The genetic basis of fluconazole resistance development in Candida albicansby Morschhäuser J1.(PubMed)
(10) A proteomic approach to understanding the development of multidrug-resistantCandida albicans strains by Kusch H1, Biswas K, Schwanfelder S, Engelmann S, Rogers PD, Hecker M, Morschhäuser J.(PubMed)
(11) Spit Test: Reliable Candida diagnosis?(Vaughter wellness)
(12) Candida parapsilosis-specific monoclonal antibodies and their use for detection of Candida antigens in experimental systemic candidiasis by Wong SF1, Mak JW.(PubMed)
(13) Potential use of a monoclonal antibody for the detection of Candida antigens in an experimental systemic candidiasis model by Wong SF1, Mak JW, Pook CK.(PubMed)
(14) [Biological diagnosis of systemic candidiasis: difficulties and future prospects].[Article in French]

by Anane S1, Khalfallah F.(PubMed)
(15) [Local humoral immunity in vulvovaginal candidiasis].[Article in French] by Amouri I1, Hadrich I, Abbes S, Sellami H, Ayadi A.(PubMed)
(16) [IgA, IgE and IgG subclasses to Candida albicans in serum and vaginal fluid from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis].[Article in Portuguese] by de Carvalho RJ1, Cunha CM, Silva DA, Sopelete MC, Urzedo JE, Moreira TA, Moraes Pde S, Taketomi EA.(PubMed)
(17) IgA and IgG antibodies to Candida albicans in the genital tract secretions of women with or without vaginal candidosis by Gough PM, Warnock DW, Richardson MD, Mansell NJ, King JM.(PubMed)
(18) In situ IgM production and clonal expansion of B-1 cells in peritoneal cavity promote elimination of C. albicans infection in IgH transgenic mice with VH derived from a natural antibody by Tian R1, Fu M, Zhang Z, Ren J, An J, Liu Y, Li W(PubMed)
(19) Efficacy of combination immunotherapy of IgM MAb B6.1 and amphotericin B against disseminated candidiasis by Han Y1.(PubMed)

Food Therapy: Whole grain- Quinoa (Chenopodium)

Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Quinoa

Quinoa is an ancient food that is not yet well known in North America. It has been cultivated in South American since at least 3,000 B.C. It is a genus Chenopodium, belongs to family Amaranthaceae, a grain-like crop grown primarily for its edible seeds.

Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates
2. Starch
3. Dietary fiber
4. Fat
5. Protein
6. Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
7. Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
8. Vitamin B6
9. Folate (Vitamin B9)
10. Vitamin E
11. Calcium
12. Iron
13. Magnesium
14. Phosphorus
15. Selenium
16. Copper
17. Zinc
18. Etc

Health benefits
A. Health Benefits according to researches
1. Cholesterol
In the assessment of Chenopodium quinoa seeds and its effect in cholesterol levels found that the quinoa seeds were added into the diet the decrease of HDL level was inhibited. Quinoa seeds did not prevent any adverse effect of increasing triglyceride level caused by fructose, accoesing to the study of "Effect of quinoa seeds (Chenopodium quinoa) in diet on some biochemical parameters and essential elements in blood of high fructose-fed rats" by Paśko P, Zagrodzki P, Bartoń H, Chłopicka J, Gorinstein S.(a)

2. Antioxidants
In the investigation of quinoa seeds and its antioxidant effects found that quinoa seeds can act as a moderate protective agent against potential of fructose-induced changes in rats by reducing lipid peroxidation and by enhancing the antioxidant capacity of blood (plasma) and heart, kidney, testis, lung and pancreas, according to "Effect of diet supplemented with quinoa seeds on oxidative status in plasma and selected tissues of high fructose-fed rats" by Pasko P, Barton H, Zagrodzki P, Izewska A, Krosniak M, Gawlik M, Gawlik M, Gorinstein S.(b)

3. Nutrients
In the demonstration of Quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd and their nurients fact found thatThe quinoa is an excellent example of 'functional food' that aims at lowering the risk of various diseases. Functional properties are given also by minerals, vitamins, fatty acids and antioxidants that can make a strong contribution to human nutrition, particularly to protect cell membranes, with proven good results in brain neuronal functions. Its minerals work as cofactors in antioxidant enzymes, adding higher value to its rich proteins. Quinoa also contains phytohormones, which offer an advantage over other plant foods for human nutrition, according to"Nutrition facts and functional potential of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.), an ancient Andean grain: a review" by Vega-Gálvez A, Miranda M, Vergara J, Uribe E, Puente L, Martínez EA.(c)

4. Eating behavior
In the evaluation of some alternative crops (for example, buckwheat, oat, barley, spelt, rye, quinoa, amaranth) and their effect in eating behavior found that Satiating efficiency indices (SEI) for alternative crop foods were higher with respect to traditional cereal foods. In particular, white bread was the least satisfying food (SEI =0.2) and the different time of consumption (for lunch or as a snack) did not affect energy intake. In conclusion, oat or buckwheat formulations, and also quinoa, may be exploited for their potential impact on eating behaviour, particularly considering they are good sources of functional substances, according to "Effect on appetite control of minor cereal and pseudocereal products" by Berti C, Riso P, Brusamolino A, Porrini M.(d)

5. Glucose response
In observation of quinoa and its Glucose response found that there were no significant differences observed between the (are under the cuvre) AUCs of insulin responses to all products tested. Glycemic index (GI) for GF (gluten-free foods) pasta was similar to GI for GF bread while GI for quinoa was slightly lower than that of GF pasta and bread. Two-way ANOVA revealed that quinoa induced lower FFA levels with respect to GF pasta, according to the study of " In vitro starch digestibility and in vivo glucose response of gluten-free foods and their gluten counterparts" by Berti C, Riso P, Monti LD, Porrini M.(e)

6. Etc.

B. Health Benefits according to the concentration
1. Manganese
It is one of important trace in preventing osteoporosis, according to the study of "[Study of estrogen deficiency impact on manganese levels in teeth and mandible of rats after ovariectomy]. [Article in Polish]" by Rahnama M, Błoniarz J, Zareba S, Swiatkowski W.(1)and regulating blood sugar level, according to the study of "[An inadequate intake of manganese may favour insulin resistance in girls]. [Article in Spanish]" by Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Bermejo LM, López-Sobaler AM, Ortega RM.(2)

2. Megnesium
Magnesium not only important for bone health, according to the study of "Magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, and selenium levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Can magnesium play a key role in osteoporosis?" by Odabasi E, Turan M, Aydin A, Akay C, Kutlu M(3) but also play and important role in protecting against Alzheimer's disease, according to the study of "Altered ionized magnesium levels in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease" by Barbagallo M, Belvedere M, Di Bella G, Dominguez LJ.(4)

3. Iron
Beside as a mineral in carrying life-giving oxygen to human blood cells and maintaining robust health as an essential protein component for metabolism, it also helps in synthesis of a number of essential neurotransmitters like dopamine, nor-epinephrine, along with serotonin. acccording to the study of "Brain Iron Dysregulation and the Risk of Ageing White Matter Lesions" by Gebril OH, Simpson JE, Kirby J, Brayne C, Ince PG., posted in PubMed, researchers found that The mRNA expression using QPCR suggests a pattern that favours decreased intracellular iron influx, increased ferrous oxidation and increased iron export from the cells. Iron metabolism seems to be changed in brains with WML, increased elemental iron in these brains and in turn increased production of free oxidative radicals could represent a potentiating factor for the development of ageing WML. .

4. Tryptophan
Tryptophan is one of the 10 essential amino acids which the body uses to synthesize the proteins for brain cells need, thus enhancing the nerve cells in information transmitting between themselves and cells in the parts of the body that reduces the risk of anxiety and depression, according to the study of "The effects of tryptophan depletion on neural responses to emotional words in remitted depression" by Roiser JP, Levy J, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Talagala SL, Hasler G, Henn FA, Sahakian BJ, Drevets WC.(5)

5. Etc.

C. Other health benefits
1. Prostate health
Since quinoa contains a measure amount of zinc, it helps to
a. Reduce the risk of prostate enlargement, according to the study of 1,320 men over the age of 40 in the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)., posted in Pubmed, researchers concluded that a protective effect of zinc intake on cadmium-induced prostatic injury, and may provide further rationale for investigating the impact of these factors individually and jointly on the etiology of prostate cancer.
b. improve the test in normal sperm production, thus reducing the risk of sperm causes of infertility. In the study of "An Overview of the Genitourinary System"White JM ., posted in PubMed, researcher indicated that Although spermproduction and transport may be impaired and erectile dysfunction may be present, most patients present for evaluation of the male genital tract because of inflammatory processes and tumors of these organs. The interaction between the urinary tract and male genital organs, such as the prostate, often creates diagnostic challenges for the clinician.

2. DNA repair and replication
Zinc plays a key role in DNA replication and repair because of it function as a component of chromatin (according to the study of "Intra-individual variation of the sperm chromatin structure assay DNA fragmentation index in men from infertile couples" by Oleszczuk K, Giwercman A, Bungum M., posted in PubMed, researchers found that despite showing a high intra-individual CV for DFI, 85% of the men from infertile couples did not change category between tests, with respect to the cut-off level of 30%. Thus, using the previously established DFI cut-off value of 30%, a single SCSA analysis has a high predictive value for assessing fertility in vivo.) and antioxidant enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (according to the study of "Tolerance of spermatogonia to oxidative stress is due to high levels of Zn and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase" Celino FT, Yamaguchi S, Miura C, Ohta T, Tozawa Y, Iwai T, Miura T., posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that the presence of high levels of Cu/Zn SOD and Zn render spermatogonia resistant to ROS, and consequently protected from oxidative stress. These findings provide the biochemical basis for the high tolerance of spermatogonia to oxidative stress).

3. Oxidation
Since its contains a measure of selenium and vitamin E, it increases the immune function fighting against the oxidation of bad cholesterol (LDL) (according tothe study of "Protective role of intraperitoneally administrated vitamin E andselenium on the levels of total lipid, total cholesterol, and fatty acid composition of muscle and liver tissues in rats" by Yilmaz O, Celik S, Cay M, Naziroğlu M., posted in PubMed, researchers found that the level of total lipid andcholesterol in muscle and liver tissues were reduced by administrating vitamin E and Se together. Additionally, the fatty acid synthesis in the muscle and liver tissues was decreased by this process) and prevent plague accumulated cause of Atherosclerosis (according to the study of 'Vitamin-mineral supplementation and the progression of atherosclerosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials" by Bleys J, Miller ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso R, Appel LJ, Guallar E., posted in PubMed) thus reducing the risk of heart diseases and hypertension.

4. Lignans
As we mentioned from the past article, lignan plays an important role in reducing the risk of abnormal menstrual cycle and enhancing the chance of fertility by occupying the receptors site with weak estrogen due to its function as a member of phytonutrients. According to the research of "Effect of flax seed ingestion on the menstrual cycle" by Phipps WR, Martini MC, Lampe JW, Slavin JL, Kurzer MS., posted in PubMed, researchers wrote in the conclusion that Our data suggest a significant specific role for lignans in the relationship between diet and sex steroid action, and possibly between diet and the risk of breast and other hormonally dependent cancers.

5. Etc
Side effects

Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Herbal Bai Bu (Radix Stemonae)

Health benefits
1. Anti bacterial
Researchers found that ethanol extracted in microbial study from Bai Bu inhibited the growth of Neisseria meningitidis and E. coli Mechanism, but ineffectively prevent the growth of Staphyloccocus aureus Rosenbach(1). Also according to the study of “Antibacterial stilbenoids from the roots of Stemona tuberosa” by Lin LG, Yang XZ, Tang CP, Ke CQ, Zhang JB, Ye Y., posted in PubMed(2), researchers found thatthe ingredient of Dihydrostilbene 8 exhibited strong activity against Bacillus pumilus (MIT 12.5-25 microg/mL). Many tested compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activities.

2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Extracted ethanol from Bai Bu also inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosais, a low pathogenic bacteria.

3. Influenza A virus
Decoction of Bai Bu, in mice study reduced the risk of and treated rat with influenza A virus.

4. Parasites
In rat study, extracted concentration from Bai Bu effectively killed Syphacia Obvelata and Aspiculuris Tetraptera in 2 hours.

5. Bronchial muscle spamming
In Guinea pig study, researchers found that extracted alkaloid from Bai Bu relieved bronchial muscle spamming. Compare to medication Aminophylline, the effects of extracted alkaloid from Bai Bu was slower but lasting longer.

6. Antitussive activity(Analgesia and sedation)
Alkaloid fractions in Bai Bu has demonstrated the properties og analgesia and sedation in mice study by determining the effects after cough induction by ammonia aerosol stimulation and the number of cough in 2 min were detected with codeine as positive control, according to the abstract of “[Antitussive activity comparison of three kinds of Stemonae Radix in Chinese Pharmacopoeia].”[Article in Chinese] by Hu J, Zhang N, Mao Y, Yang D, Tan H, Ni S, Liu X, Cai S., posted in PubMed(3).

7. Antifugal activity
The chemical compounds 3,5-dihydroxy-2′-methoxy bibenzyl (5), 3,3′-dihydroxy-2,5′-dimethoxy bibenzyl extracted from Bai Bu have shown the activity of inhibition of the growth of Candida albicans, according to the study of “Antifungal stilbenoids from Stemona japonica” by Zhang YZ, Xu GB, Zhang T., posted in PubMed(4).

8. Thyroid caner
The chemical compounds dichloromethane fraction extracted from Bai Bu has shown the activity of inhibition of tumor cell growth and induction of apoptosis of human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells., according to the study of “The dichloromethane fraction of Stemona tuberosa Lour inhibits tumor cell growth and induces apoptosis of human medullary thyroid carcinoma cells” by Li Z, Sturm S, Stuppner H, Schraml E, Moser VA, Siegl V, Pfragner R., posted in PubMed(5).

(9) Parkinson’s disease
Oxidative modification of mitochondrial proteins and death of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicitymay be resulted in Parkinson’s disease, according to the study of “Neuroprotective bibenzyl glycosides of Stemona tuberosa roots” by Lee KY, Sung SH, Kim YC., posted in PubMed(6), reserachers found that three bibenzyl glycosides extracted from Bai Bu significantly protected human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity.

Side effects
1. Overdose can cause breathing difficult and paralysis
2. Etc.
Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16753782
(2)http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17826806
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20222432
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18636375
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19707315
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16643052

Most Common Diseases of 50plus: Diabetes - The Phytochemicals

The Phytochemicals

1. Curcumin
Curcumin is a phytochemical found abundant in the plant. In acidic solutions (pH <7.4) it turns yellow, whereas in basic (pH > 8.6) solutions it turns bright red. Diabetic nephropathy is a debilitating disease that leads to end-stage renal failure in the Western world. According to the study by University of Western Ontario, diabetes-induced upregulation of vasoactive factors (endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelin-1), transforming growth factor-beta1 and extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin and extradomain-B-containing fibronectin) in the kidneys. These changes were associated with increased oxidative stress, mesangial expansion, and p300 and nuclear factor-kappaB activity that were prevented with curcumin treatment(54). Other suggested that dietary curcumin admixture ameliorated diabetes in high-fat diet-induced obese and leptin-deficient ob/ob male C57BL/6J mice as determined by glucose and insulin tolerance testing and hemoglobin A1c percentages. Curcumin treatment also significantly reduced macrophage infiltration of white adipose tissue, increased adipose tissue adiponectin production, and decreased hepatic nuclear factor-kappaB activity, hepatomegaly, and markers of hepatic inflammation(55).

2. Gallocatechin,
Gallocatechin, containing catechin is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in green tea, almonds, black diamond plums, black tea, cocoa beans, Fuji apples, golden delicious apple, etc,. In the observation of Terminalia sericea stem bark extract and theirs effect against alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes, found that four known compounds namely beta-sitosterol (1), beta-sitosterol-3-acetate (2), lupeol (3), and stigma-4-ene-3-one (4), in addition to two inseparable sets of mixtures of isomers [epicatechin-catechin (M1), and gallocatechin-epigallocatechin (M2). 1 and 3 showed the best inhibitory activity on alpha-glucosidase (IC50:54.5 and 66.5 microM). Bio-evaluation of the inhibitory activity of the purified compounds on alpha-amylase showed that 3 and 1 exhibited IC50 values of 140.7 and 216.02 microM, respectively against alpha-amylase, according to "Antidiabetic activity of Terminalia sericea constituents" by Nkobole N, Houghton PJ, Hussein A, Lall N.(56).
Others, suggested that green tea (400 and 800 mg EGCG as PPE; ~5-10 cups) supplementation for 2 months had suggestive beneficial effects on LDL cholesterol concentrations and glucose-related markers, according to "Effect of 2-month controlled green tea intervention on lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, and hormonal levels in healthy postmenopausal women" by Wu AH, Spicer D, Stanczyk FZ, Tseng C, Yang CS, Pike MC.(57).

3. Resveratrol
Resveratrol is a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in skins and seed of grape wine, nuts, peanuts, etc. In the evaluation of resveratrol, a polyphenolic SIRT1 activator and its SIRT1 activation in an in vitro fluorescent based assay (EC(50) : 7 μM) and the efficacy of resveratrol was also evaluated in ob/ob mice for its antidiabetic and associated metabolic effects, found that a significant improvement observed in the glucose excursion in the oral glucose tolerance test performed for 120 min; although an insignificant improvement in the triglycerides, total cholesterol, adiponectin and free fatty acid levels was observed at different doses of resveratrol tested. The present findings suggest that resveratrol is an antihyperglycemic agent and drugs similar to resveratrol can be considered as an effective therapeutic adjuvant for the current treatment of diabetes mellitus, according to "Antidiabetic activity of resveratrol, a known SIRT1 activator in a genetic model for type-2 diabetes" bySharma S, Misra CS, Arumugam S, Roy S, Shah V, Davis JA, Shirumalla RK, Ray A.(58).

4. Genistein
Genistein is a phytochemical in the Isoflavones, belonging to the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in food of the family of legumes, soy, alfalfa sprouts, red clover, chickpeas, peanuts, etc,. In the investigation of the effect of genistein on beta-cell proliferation and cellular signaling related to this effect and further determined its antidiabetic potential in insulin-deficient diabetic mice, found that genistein induced protein expression of cyclin D1, a major cell-cycle regulator essential for beta-cell growth. Dietary intake of genistein significantly improved hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, and blood insulin levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, concomitant with improved islet beta-cell proliferation, survival, and mass. These results demonstrate that genistein may be a natural antidiabetic agent by directly modulating pancreatic beta-cell function via activation of the cAMP/PKA-dependent ERK1/2 signaling pathway, according to "Genistein induces pancreatic beta-cell proliferation through activation of multiple signaling pathways and prevents insulin-deficient diabetes in mice" by Fu Z, Zhang W, Zhen W, Lum H, Nadler J, Bassaganya-Riera J, Jia Z, Wang Y, Misra H, Liu D.(59).

5. Gallic acid
Gallic acid is a phytochemical in the class of Phenolic acids, found abundantly in tea, mango, strawberries, rhubarb, soy, etc,. In the review of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) is a polyphenolic compound highly enriched in a number of medicinal herbals, indicated that Chemically and functionally, PGG appears to be distinct from its constituent gallic acid or tea polyphenols. For anti-cancer activity, three published in vivo preclinical cancer model studies with PGG support promising efficacy to selectively inhibit malignancy without host toxicity. Potential mechanisms include anti-angiogenesis; anti-proliferative actions through inhibition of DNA replicative synthesis, S-phase arrest, and G(1) arrest; induction of apoptosis; anti-inflammation; and anti-oxidation. Putative molecular targets include p53, Stat3, Cox-2, VEGFR1, AP-1, SP-1, Nrf-2, and MMP-9. For anti-diabetic activity, PGG and analogues appear to improve glucose uptake, according to "Anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and other pharmacologic and biological activities of penta-galloyl-glucose" by Zhang J, Li L, Kim SH, Hagerman AE, Lü J(60).

6. Cinnamic acid
Cinnamic acid is a phytochemical in the class of Hydroxycinnamic acids, found abundantly in cinnamon, aloe. etc,. in the elucidation of the mechanisms by which p-Methoxycinnamic acid (p-MCA), a cinnamic acid increases [Ca2+]i and insulin secretion in INS-1 cells. p-MCA (100 μM) increased [Ca2+]i in INS-1 cells, found that p-MCA enhanced glucose-, glibenclamide-induced insulin secretion whereas it also potentiated the increase in insulin secretion induced by arginine, and Bay K 8644, an L-type Ca2+ channel agonist. Taken together, our results suggest that p-MCA stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells by increasing Ca2+ influx via the L-type Ca2+ channels, but not through the closure of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, according to “Mechanisms of p-methoxycinnamic acid-induced increase in insulin secretion” by Adisakwattana S, Hsu WH, Yibchok-anun S.(61).

7. Alliin
Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide,. a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.
In comparison of the production and therapeutic efficiency of alliin extracted from garlic leaves of plants grown under ex situ and in situ conditions, found that Alliin production noted ~50% enhancement in leaves from plants grown under in situ conditions. Serum glucose, triglycerides, total lipids, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol in diabetic rats treated with alliin produced from in situ grown plants noted significant reduction of ~54%, 15%, 14%, 20%, 24%, and 15%, while 35%, 14%, 10%, 12%, 17% and 11% reduction was noted in diabetic rats treated with alliin produced from ex situ grown plants in comparison with those administered with distilled water. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol did not show any significant change. Leaf extract of plants lowered serum enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) toward the norm better than glibenclamide, according to “Alliin obtained from leaf extract of garlic grown under in situ conditions possess higher therapeutic potency as analyzed in alloxan-induced diabetic rats” by Nasim SA, Dhir B, Kapoor R, Fatima S, Mahmooduzzafar, Mujib A.(62).

Most common Diseases of 50plus: The Obesity' Research and Studies of Green Tea, High Protein Diet and Weight Maintenance (WM) After Body Weight Loss

Most Common Disease of 50plus: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalgia Arthritis (Rheumatica): The Phytochemicals

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalgia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia

Polymyalgia Arthritis (Rheumatica)

Polymalgia Arthritis is defined as a condition a common inflammatory rheumatic disease which causes pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdle as a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures.

The Phytochemicals

Significantly inflammation has been found to accompany with patient with Polymyalgia Rheumatica(PMR). Certain phytochemicals have found effectively for treatment of inflammatory symptoms of patient with PMR, including the following

1. Polyphenols(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)(Green tea)
Polyphenols(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) processed anti viral and bacterial effects through immune expression such as chronic or acute inflammation(115). Dr. Xiao J and the research team at the Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology suggested, pure extract of (-) epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibited inflammation through antioxidant activities against oxidative stress and down regulated pro-inflammatory markers(116).
According to the Universitat de Girona (UdG), Polyphenols(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) also showed to reduce pain in attenuated alterations by diminishing apoptotic gene overexpression in skeletal muscles(117)

2. Curcumin
Curcumin, a phytochemical found in turmeric used in the Indian cooking recipe has found to process the antioxidants and anti inflammatory effects, epidemiologically.
It inhibited muscle pain, muscle damage, inflammation and delayed onset muscle soreness, the SportsMed Canterbury study suggested.(118), through attenuatd inflammatory responses and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that sustain both inflammation and oxidative stress(119).In fact Dr. Anand P and the research team at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, said, curcumin beside inhibited pain in many therapeutic levels but also linked to suppression of inflammation; angiogenesis, tumorigenesis and diseases of the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurological systems(120).

3. Resveratrol
Resveratrol (RES), a well-known antioxidant and anti-inflammatorycompound, found abundantly in red wine, exerted numerous pharmacological effects, including hepatoprotection and cadioprotection(121). According to the University of Arizona study, resveratrol facilitated acute and chronic pain through activation of AMPK, the enzyme played a key role as a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis(122).

4. Boswellic acid
Gum-resin extracts of Boswellia serrata have been traditionally used in folk medicine for centuries to treat various chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent study showed that the acid are also responsible for inhibition of pro-inflammatory enzymes(123). Dr Bishnoi M and the research team at the University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, suggested that the phytochemical also may help to reduce the therapeutic doses of conventional NSAIDs and side effects when used conjunction with nimesulide(124).

5. Cucurbitacins
Cucurbitacins found in the common pumpkins and gourds processed anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in reduced pain through inhibition of the neurogenic (first phase) and inflammatory phase (second phase) of formalin-induced pain(125). The phytochemical also inhibit pain caused by chronic rheumatic disease through anti pro inflammayory cytokine activity(126).

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(115) Compounds derived from epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a novel approach to the prevention of viral infections by Hsu S.(PubMed)
(116) Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease rat model through TGF/SMAD, PI3 K/Akt/FoxO1, and NF-kappa B pathways by Xiao J1, Ho CT, Liong EC, Nanji AA, Leung TM, Lau TY, Fung ML, Tipoe GL.(PubMed)
(116) (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) attenuates functional deficits and morphological alterations by diminishing apoptotic gene overexpression in skeletal muscles after sciatic nerve crush injury by Renno WM1, Al-Maghrebi M, Al-Banaw A(PubMed)).
(118) Curcumin supplementation likely attenuates delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) by Nicol LM1, Rowlands DS, Fazakerly R, Kellett J.(PubMed)
(119) Reduction of delayed onset muscle soreness by a novel curcumin delivery system (Meriva®): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial by Drobnic F1, Riera J1, Appendino G2, Togni S3, Franceschi F3, Valle X4, Pons A5, Tur J5.(PubMed)
(120) Biological activities of curcumin and its analogues (Congeners) made by man and Mother Nature.by Anand P1, Thomas SG, Kunnumakkara AB, Sundaram C, Harikumar KB, Sung B, Tharakan ST, Misra K, Priyadarsini IK, Rajasekharan KN, Aggarwal BB.(PubMed)
(121) Resveratrol nanoparticle system improves dissolution properties and enhances the hepatoprotective effect of resveratrol through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways by Lee CW1, Yen FL, Huang HW, Wu TH, Ko HH, Tzeng WS, Lin CC.(PubMed)
(122) Resveratrol engages AMPK to attenuate ERK and mTOR signaling in sensory neurons and inhibits incision-induced acute and chronic pain by Tillu DV1, Melemedjian OK, Asiedu MN, Qu N, De Felice M, Dussor G, Price TJ.(PubMed)
(123) Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview by Siddiqui MZ1.(PubMed)
(124) Potentiation of antinociceptive effect of NSAIDs by a specific lipooxygenase inhibitor, acetyl 11-keto-betaboswellic acid by Bishnoi M1, Patil CS, Kumar A, Kulkarni SK.(PubMed)
(125) Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of cucurbitacins from Wilbrandia ebracteata by Peters RR1, Farias MR, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM.(PubMed)
(126) Nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase may participate in the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of thecucurbitacins fraction from Wilbrandia ebracteata by Peters RR1, Baier Krepsky P, Siqueira-Junior J, da Silva Rocha JC, Marques Bezerra M, de Albuquerque Ribeiro R, de Brum-Fernandes AJ, Rocha Farias M,Castro da Rocha FA, Ribeiro-do-Valle RM(PubMed)

Most common Diseases of 50plus: Obesity and Obesity's complication of Insulin Resistance

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

Insulin Resistance is defined as condition of the pancreas has become less effective in lowering the glucose in the blood that can lead to diabetes and other health problems, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes.

How Obesity associates with Insulin Resistance
1. According to the study of "Inflammatory mediators and insulin resistance inobesity: role of nuclear receptor signaling in macrophages?" by Fuentes L, Roszer T, Ricote M., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Disregulation of macrophage-mediated inflammation by PPARs and LXRs therefore underlies the development of IR. This review summarizes the role of PPAR and LXR signaling in macrophages and current knowledge about the impact of these actions in the manifestation of IR and obesity comorbidities such as liver steatosis and diabetic osteopenia.

2. In the study of "Association studies of novel obesity-related gene variants with quantitative metabolic phenotypes in a population-based sample of 6,039 Danish individuals" by Burgdorf KS, Gjesing AP, Grarup N, Justesen JM, Sandholt CH, Witte DR, Jørgensen T, Madsbad S, Hansen T, Pedersen O., posted in PubMed, researchers found that Our correlative findings from analysing single-locus data suggest that some variation in validated BMI and WHR loci are associated with either increased or decreased insulin sensitivity and thereby potentially with metabolically healthy or metabolically unhealthy subsets of obesity. The results call for testing in larger study samples and for further physiological exploration of the possible metabolic implications of these loci.

3. According to the abstract of the study of 'Polymorphisms in the adiponutrin gene are associated with increased insulin secretion and obesity" by Johansson LE, Lindblad U, Larsson CA, Råstam L, Ridderstråle M., posted inPubMed, researchers concluded that We confirm the association between PNPLA3 and obesity. In addition, the rs738409 variant was associated with insulin secretion. There seems to be a differential effect of the Ile-allele depending on the degree ofobesity, possibly as a consequence of insulin resistance.

4. In the study of "Association analysis indicates that a variant GATA-binding site in the PIK3CB promoter is a Cis-acting expression quantitative trait locus for this gene and attenuates insulin resistance in obese children" by Le Stunff C, Dechartres A, Mariot V, Lotton C, Trainor C, Miraglia Del Giudice E, Meyre D, Bieche I, Laurendeau I, Froguel P, Zelenika D, Fallin D, Lathrop M, Roméo PH, Bougnères P., posted in PubMed, researchers filed the conclusion that the C allele of rs361072 is a causal variant capable of attenuating insulin resistancein obese children through increased expression of p110beta.

5. According to the study of "Genetics of insulin resistance" by Pedersen O., posted in PubMed, researcher indicated that Even among young, healthy individuals, there is more than a 10-fold variation in insulin sensitivity; however, taken in combination, all the known modifiers of insulin sensitivity - including obesity and a variety of environmental factors - explain less than one third of this variation........ and concluded that It is likely that inherited insulin resistance will eventually prove to be related to subtle mutations in many such genes of the insulin signalling network and the numerous genetic components controlling energy metabolism.

6. In another study of "Insulin resistance: interactions between obesity and a common variant of insulin receptor substrate-1" by Clausen JO, Hansen T, Bjørbaek C, Echwald SM, Urhammer SA, Rasmussen S, Andersen CB, Hansen L, Almind K, Winther K, et al., posted in PubMed, researchers found that The obese carriers of the codon-972 variant were also characterised by a clustering of metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, with raised fasting concentrations of plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, and plasma tissue-plasminogen-activator and its fast-acting inhibitor. With adjustment for known modulators of insulin sensitivity, multivariate analyses showed that the combination of obesity and the codon-972 variant was associated with a 50% reduction in insulin sensitivity (p = 0.0008). Our results suggest that the codon-972 IRS-1 gene variant may interact with obesity in the pathogenesis of common insulin-resistant disorders.

7. Etc.

Treatments of Obesity and Insulin Resistance
1. In the abstract of the study of "Molecular mechanism of insulin resistance inobesity and type 2 diabetes" by Choi K, Kim YB., posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Although the mechanisms underlying insulin resistanceare not completely understood in skeletal muscle, it is thought to result, at least in part, from impaired insulin-dependent PI3K activation and downstream signaling. This review focuses on the molecular basis of skeletal muscle insulin resistance inobesity and type 2 diabetes. In addition, the effects of insulin-sensitizing agent treatment and lifestyle intervention of human insulin-resistant subjects on insulinsignaling cascade are discussed. Furthermore, the role of Rho-kinase, a newly identified regulator of insulin action in insulin control of metabolism, is addressed.

2. In a study of "Insulin resistance and improvements in signal transduction" by Musi N, Goodyear LJ., posted in PubMed, researchers stated that A different strategy to increase muscle glucose disposal is by stimulating insulin-independent glucose transport. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an enzyme that works as a fuel gauge and becomes activated in situations of energy consumption, such as muscle contraction. Several studies have shown that pharmacologic activation of AMPK increases glucose transport in muscle, independent of the actions ofinsulin. AMPK activation is also involved in the mechanism of action of metformin and adiponectin. Moreover, in the hypothalamus, AMPK regulates appetite and body weight. The effect of AMPK to stimulate muscle glucose disposal and to control appetite makes it an important pharmacologic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity.

3. According to another study of "Exercise as a therapeutic intervention for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance" by Hawley JA., posted inPubMed, researcher indicated that During the past half-century, there has been a dramatic increase in the incidence of obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes....... Several putative mechanisms for enhanced glucose uptake after exercise training will be discussed. A determination of the underlying biological mechanisms that result from exercise training is essential in order to define the precise variations in physical activity that result in the most desired effects on targeted risk factors, and to aid in the development of such interventions.

4. In a study of "Adenovirus-36 Seropositivity Enhances Effects of Nutritional Intervention on Obesity, Bright Liver, and Insulin Resistance" by Trovato GM, Martines GF, Trovato FM, Pirri C, Pace P, Garozzo A, Castro A, Catalano D., posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Ad36 previous infection is significantly associated with enhanced weight loss, bright liver disappearance, and recovery of insulin sensitivity through the chosen tailored nutritional interventional treatment. Nonetheless, Ad36 seronegative NAFLD patients' fatty liver pattern improves, at a lower extent, also without significant weight loss: an effect of dietary changes profile, Mediterranean diet, not only of lowered food caloric intake, is conceivably operating.

5. Etc.
Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer