Medical Advisor Journals

Wednesday, June 8, 2016

The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Top Immunity Boosting Minerals

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovascular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cancer(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasingaltered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).

The prevention and management

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unpreventable in Western medicine. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce risk of its complications, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, etc.

Although PCOS cannot be completely avoided, strengthening immunity has shown a significant reduction of chronic inflammatory diseases(266)(267)(268).

The Immunity Boosting Minerals

Recent studies showed that deficiencies of zinc, iron, copper, and selenium lower resistance to disease either due to impaired immune response or faulty white blood cells' function(421)
1. Magnesium
The mineral, magnesium plays a key role in the immune response, by acting as a co-factor for immunoglobulin synthesis(422) that significantly increases for both IgA and IgG, the antibody molecules that protect our body against bacterial and viral infections(423) and the lining of the respiratory passages, gastrointestinal andgenitourinary tract(423).
The mineral also found to increase neutrophil function and enzyme peroxidase activity and reduce the incidence of health disorders by boosting immunity(424), including chronic inflammatory disease(425)(426). Low serum magnesium (Mg) is often associated with incidences of insulin resistance (IR), cardiovascular problems, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other components of metabolic syndrome(428) in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)(427).

2. Selenium
Selenium, a trace mineral plays an important and indirect role as an antioxidant(429)(430) by fulfilling its function as a necessary constituent of glutathione peroxidase(431)(432) and in production of glutathione(432), that inhibits the damage caused by oxidation of free radical hydrogen peroxide(433).
Extensively epidemiological studies suggested that selenium also benefits to health aspects, including anti cancers(434)(435), lowering cholesterol(436)(438), hypertension(439)(440), treating heart disease(427)(438), boosting immunity(441)(442) against microbial invasion(443)(444) and anti chronic inflammatory disease(445)(446).

3. Zinc
Zinc besides is an important mineral in boosting immune system activity(447)(449). Its nano-structure zinc(II) coordination compounds, has been used in zinc therapy to treat candida overgrowth(449) by promoting metallothionein (MT)(found in high concentration in intestinal mucosa)synthesis(450) through its anti inflammatory activity(451), including chronic inflammation(453)(454) via immune modulatory effects(452)(453)(454).

4. Manganese
Manganese is an essential trace nutrient in all forms of life. It is well known for its role in helping the body to maintain healthy skin(455)(456) and bone structure(457)(458), but also acts as cofactors for a number of enzymes(459) in higher organisms, where they are essential in iexhibting its antioxidant effects against free radicals(450)(451). Recent studies suggested that manganese also benefits in controlling bood glucose(452)(453), alleviating neuro symptoms such as anxiety, and depression(454) and treatment of high cholesterol levels(456), hypertension(455), infertility(457), cardiomyopathy(458), reduced oxidative stress, amyloid deposition, and memory(459) and boosting immune system anti microbial infections and inflammation(460).
In larger amounts, manganese can be poisoning to neurological damage(451)(462).

5. Iron
A mineral plays a vital role for production of hemoglobin(463)(464)utilised by the body for oxygen transport and energy production(467), for maintaining healthy bones(465) and neurotransmission(466), synthesizing of some hormones and connective tissue(467)(468)(469) and maintaining heart health(470). Deficiency of iron causes low level of hemoglobin, nervous tension((473)(474)), cognitive dysfunction(471)(476), heart disorders(472)(475), heavy menstrual bleeding(479)(480), iron deficiency anemia, etc.,.. Recent studies suggested that trace mineral iron improves immunity(481)(482) fighting against microbial infection(481) and inflammatory disease(483)(484), including certain types of chronic inflammatory diseases(486)(485) due to low levels of hemoglobin impaired cell-mediated immune response and bacterial activity of leukocytes(421).

3. Copper
Copper is vital in maintaining the production of antibodies(487)(488), white blood cells(489)(490), antioxidant enzymes(491)(492), for increasing the immune function in fighting against infection(487)(488) and inflammation(493)(494), including certain chronic inflammatory diseases(495)(496). The mineral also acts as a modulator of neuronal transmission(497), regulates production of certain hormones(498). Deficiency of copper may cause metabolic liver disease(502), copper deficiency anemia(503),....Deficiency and excess of copper levels can induce infertile(499), low libido and sexual issues(500), low quality sperm production(499)(500), disrupted nervous function(501), etc.,...

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References
(1) Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome by Sam S.(PubMed)
(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O1.(PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF1, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(PubMed)
(5) [Serum levels of anti-muller hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndromeand healthy women of reproductive age].[Article in Bulgarian] by Parahuleva N, Pehlivanov B, Orbecova M, Deneva T, Uchikova E.(PubMed)
(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R1, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(PubMed)
(7) The clinical evaluation of hirsutism by Somani N1, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF.(PubMed)
(8) Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future by Mayer SB1, Evans WS, Nestler JE.(PubMed)
(9) Association of mean platelet volume with androgens and insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Dogan BA1, Arduc A2, Tuna MM1, Karakılıc E1, Dagdelen I1, Tutuncu Y1, Berker D1, Guler S1.(PubMed)
(10) Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Yildiz BO1.(PubMed)
(11) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women by Talbott EO1, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.(PubMed)
(12) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovak women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities by Figurová J1, Dravecká I, Javorský M, Petríková J, Lazúrová I.(PubMed)
(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK1, Katalenich B2, Nagireddy P3, Chabbra P4, Kuhadiya N5, Fonseca V1.(PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG1, Pupovci HL1, Berisha VL1, Goçi AU2, Gerqari A3.(PubMed)
(15) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N1, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H1, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD1, Butz DE2, Dashti H3, Tonelli M3, Johnson LK1, Cook ME2, Porter WP4, Eghbalnia HR5, Markley JL6, Lindheim SR7, Schoeller DA8, Abbott DH9, Assadi-Porter FM10.(PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA1, Azizia MM1, Hardiman PJ2.(PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M1, Kjaer SK2, Jensen A1, Munk C1, Mellemkjaer L3.(PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E1.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E1, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(266) [Immunopathological responses in women with chronic inflammatorydiseases of the uterus and appendages and their therapeutic correction].[Article in Russian] by Medvedev BI1, Kazachkova EA, Kazachkov EL.(PubMed)
(267) Cross Talk Between ER Stress, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Health and Disease by Dandekar A1, Mendez R, Zhang K.(PubMed)
(268) New dog and new tricks: evolving roles for IL-33 in type 2 immunity by Lott JM1, Sumpter TL1, Turnquist HR2.(PubMed)
(421) Trace Minerals and ImmunologyRichard C. Bull, Professor of Animal Sciences, University of Idaho
(422) Study of possible correlation between BLOOD IMMUNOGLOBULIN G INCREASED and MAGNESIUM CITRATE(Meds fact)
(423 )In vitro antiviral and antibacterial activity of commercial intravenousimmunoglobulin preparations--a potential role for adjuvant intravenousimmunoglobulin therapy in infectious diseases by Krause I1, Wu R, Sherer Y, Patanik M, Peter JB, Shoenfeld Y.(PubMed)
(424) Effect of an injectable trace mineral supplement containing selenium, copper, zinc, and manganese on immunity, health, and growth of dairy calves by Teixeira AG1, Lima FS1, Bicalho ML1, Kussler A1, Lima SF1, Felippe MJ1, Bicalho RC2.(PubMed)
(425) Effects of magnesium depletion on inflammation in chronic disease by Nielsen FH1.(PubMed)
(426) Magnesium, inflammation, and obesity in chronic disease by Nielsen FH1.(PubMed)
(427) Serum magnesium concentrations in polycystic ovary syndrome and its association with insulin resistance by Sharifi F1, Mazloomi S, Hajihosseini R, Mazloomzadeh S.(PubMed)
(428) Serum magnesium concentrations and metabolic variables in polycystic ovary syndrome by Kauffman RP1, Tullar PE, Nipp RD, Castracane VD.(PubMed)
(429) Low zinc and selenium concentrations in sepsis are associated with oxidative damage and inflammation by Mertens K1, Lowes DA1, Webster NR1, Talib J2, Hall L2, Davies MJ3, Beattie JH4, Galley HF5.(PubMed)
(430) Serum selenium concentration and antioxidant activity in cervical cancer patients before and after treatment by Subramanyam D1, Subbaiah KV, Rajendra W, Lokanatha V.(PubMed)
(431) Selenium regulation of glutathione peroxidase in human hepatoma cell line Hep3B by Baker RD1, Baker SS, LaRosa K, Whitney C, Newburger PE.(PubMed)
(432) Selenium: biochemical role as a component of glutathione peroxidase by Rotruck JT, Pope AL, Ganther HE, Swanson AB, Hafeman DG, Hoekstra WG.(PubMed)
(433) Selenium suppressed hydrogen peroxide-induced vascular smooth muscle cells calcification through inhibiting oxidative stress and ERK activation by Liu H1, Lu Q, Huang K.(PubMed)
(434) Associations of obesity with prostate cancer risk differ between u.s. African-american and non-Hispanic white men: results from the selenium and vitamin ecancer prevention trial by Barrington WE, Schenk JM, Etzioni R, Arnold KB, Neuhouser ML, Thompson IM, Lucia MS, Kristal AR.(PubMed)
(435) Selenium for preventing cancer by Vinceti M1, Dennert G, Crespi CM, Zwahlen M, Brinkman M, Zeegers MP, Horneber M, D'Amico R, Del Giovane C.(PubMed)
(436) The association between selenium and lipid levels: a longitudinal study in rural elderly Chinese by Chen C1, Jin Y1, Unverzagt FW2, Cheng Y1, Hake AM3, Liang C1, Ma F1, Su L1, Liu J1, Bian J4, Li P5, Gao S6.(PubMed)
(437) Associations of selenium status with cardiometabolic risk factors: an 8-year follow-up analysis of the Olivetti Heart study by Stranges S1, Galletti F, Farinaro E, D'Elia L, Russo O, Iacone R, Capasso C, Carginale V, De Luca V, Della Valle E, Cappuccio FP, Strazzullo P.(PubMed)
(438) Selenium status and blood lipids: the cardiovascular risk in Young Finns study by Stranges S1, Tabák AG, Guallar E, Rayman MP, Akbaraly TN, Laclaustra M, Alfthan G, Mussalo-Rauhamaa H, Viikari JS, Raitakari OT, Kivimäki M.(PubMed)
(439) Influence of serum selenium concentrations on hypertension: the Lipid Analytic Cologne cross-sectional study by Berthold HK1, Michalke B, Krone W, Guallar E, Gouni-Berthold I(PubMed)
(440) Serum selenium concentrations and hypertension in the US Population by Laclaustra M1, Navas-Acien A, Stranges S, Ordovas JM, Guallar E.(PubMed)
(441) The role of selenium in inflammation and immunity: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities by Huang Z1, Rose AH, Hoffmann PR.(PubMed)
(442) The influence of selenium on immune responses by Hoffmann PR1, Berry MJ.(PuMed)
(443) Selenium containing heterocycles: synthesis, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-microbial activities of some new 4-cyanopyridazine-3(2H)selenone derivatives by Abdel-Hafez ShH1.(PubMed)
(444) Antimicrobial selenium nanoparticle coatings on polymeric medical devices by Tran PA1, Webster TJ.(PubMed)
(445) Selenium and selenoproteins in inflammatory bowel diseases and experimental colitis by Speckmann B1, Steinbrenner H.(PubMed)
(446) Selenium, selenoproteins and human health: a review by Brown KM1, Arthur JR.(PubMed)
(447) Zinc and the immune system by Rink L1, Gabriel P.(PubMed)
(448) The immune system and the impact of zinc during aging by Haase H1, Rink L.(PubMed)
(449) Some new nano-structure zinc(II) coordination compounds of an imidazolidine Schiff base: spectral, thermal, antimicrobial properties and DNA interaction. Montazerozohori M1, Musavi SA2, Naghiha A3, Zohour MM4.(PubMed)
(450) Candida article zinc and metallothionein(Cure zone)
(451) Metallothionein as an Anti-Inflammatory Mediator(Mediators of inflammation)
(452) Zinc and its role in immunity and inflammation by Bonaventura P1, Benedetti G1, Albarède F2, Miossec P3.(PubMed)
(453) Zinc: role in immunity, oxidative stress and chronic inflammation by Prasad AS1(PubMed)
(454) Zinc transporter SLC39A10/ZIP10 controls humoral immunity by modulating B-cell receptor signal strength by Hojyo S1, Miyai T2, Fujishiro H3, Kawamura M4, Yasuda T5, Hijikata A6, Bin BH7, Irié T8, Tanaka J8, Atsumi T9, Murakami M9, Nakayama M10, Ohara O11, Himeno S3, Yoshida H5, Koseki H12, Ikawa T13, Mishima K8, Fukada T14(PubMed)
(455) Frequency of autoallergy to manganese superoxide dismutase in atopic dermatitis patients: experience of three Italian dermatology centers by Guarneri F1, Costa C, Foti C, Hansel K, Guarneri C, Guarneri B, Lisi P, Stingeni L.(PubMed)
(456) IgE-mediated and T cell-mediated autoimmunity against manganesesuperoxide dismutase in atopic dermatitis by Schmid-Grendelmeier P1, Flückiger S, Disch R, Trautmann A, Wüthrich B, Blaser K, Scheynius A, Crameri R.(PubMed)
(457) Manganese accumulation in bone following chronic exposure in rats: steady-state concentration and half-life in bone by O'Neal SL1, Hong L1, Fu S1, Jiang W1, Jones A1, Nie LH1, Zheng W2.(PubMed)
(458) A compact DD neutron generator-based NAA system to quantify manganese(Mn) in bone in vivo by Liu Y1, Byrne P, Wang H, Koltick D, Zheng W, Nie LH.(PubMed)
(459) Role of metal cofactors in enzyme regulation. Differences in the regulatory properties of the Escherichia coli nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate specific malic enzyme, depending on whether magnesium ion or manganese ion serves as divalent cation by Brown DA, Cook RA.(PubMed)
(450) Antioxidants and NOS inhibitors selectively targets manganese-induced cell volume via Na-K-Cl cotransporter-1 in astrocytes by Alahmari KA1, Harini P2, Prabhakaran K3, Chandramoorthy HC4, Ramakrishnan R5.(PubMed)
(451) Antioxidant effect of manganese by Coassin M1, Ursini F, Bindoli A.(PubMed)
(452) Manganese supplementation protects against diet-induced diabetes in wild type mice by enhancing insulin secretion by Lee SH1, Jouihan HA, Cooksey RC, Jones D, Kim HJ, Winge DR, McClain DA.(PubMed)
(453) Manganese-Mediated MRI Signals Correlate With Functional β-Cell Mass During Diabetes Progression by Meyer A1, Stolz K1, Dreher W2, Bergemann J1, Holebasavanahalli Thimmashetty V2, Lueschen N1, Azizi Z1, Khobragade V1, Maedler K3, Kuestermann E2.(PubMed)
(454) Essential elements in depression and anxiety. Part II by Młyniec K1, Gaweł M2, Doboszewska U3, Starowicz G4, Pytka K5, Davies CL6, Budziszewska B7.(PubMed)
(455) Effect of antioxidant mineral elements supplementation in the treatment of hypertension in albino rats by Muhammad SA1, Bilbis LS, Saidu Y, Adamu Y.(PubMed)
(456) Manganese supplementation reduces the blood cholesterol levels in Ca-deficient ovariectomized rats by Bae YJ1, Choi MK, Kim MH.(PubMed)
(457) BOVINE INFERTILITY--RESPONSE TO MANGANESE THERAPY by WILSON JG.(PubMed)
(458)Pharmaceutical effect of manganese porphyrins on manganese superoxide dismutase deficient mice by Hayakawa N1, Asayama S, Noda Y, Shimizu T, Kawakami H.(PubMed)
(459) Reduction of oxidative stress, amyloid deposition, and memory deficit bymanganese superoxide dismutase overexpression in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease by Dumont M1, Wille E, Stack C, Calingasan NY, Beal MF, Lin MT.(PubMed)
(460) Nutritional immunity beyond iron: a role for manganese and zinc by Kehl-Fie TE1, Skaar EP.(PubMed)
(461) Genetic factors and manganese-induced neurotoxicity. by Chen P1, Parmalee N1, Aschner M1.(PubMed)
(462) Manganese neurotoxicity: a focus on glutamate transporters by Karki P, Lee E, Aschner M1.(PubMed)
(463) HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCTION IN ANEMIA LIMITED BY LOW PROTEIN INTAKE : INFLUENCE OF IRON INTAKE, PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS AND FASTING by Hahn PF1, Whipple GH.(PubMed)
(464) Effect of iron deficiency anemia on the levels of hemoglobin A1c in nondiabetic patients by Coban E1, Ozdogan M, Timuragaoglu A.(PubMed)
(465) Low serum levels of zinc, copper, and iron as risk factors for osteoporosis: a meta-analysis by Zheng J1, Mao X, Ling J, He Q, Quan J.(PubMed)
(466) Brain iron deficiency and excess; cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration with involvement of striatum and hippocampus by Youdim MB1.(PubMed)
(467) Athletic induced iron deficiency: new insights into the role of inflammation, cytokines and hormones by Peeling P1, Dawson B, Goodman C, Landers G, Trinder D.(PubMed)
(468) Aggett PJ. Iron. In: Erdman JW, Macdonald IA, Zeisel SH, eds. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. 10th ed. Washington, DC: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012:506-20.
(469) Murray-Kolbe LE, Beard J. Iron. In: Coates PM, Betz JM, Blackman MR, et al., eds. Encyclopedia of Dietary Supplements. 2nd ed. London and New York: Informa Healthcare; 2010:432-8.
(470) Cardiac ferroportin regulates cellular iron homeostasis and is important for cardiac function by Lakhal-Littleton S1, Wolna M2, Carr CA2, Miller JJ2, Christian HC2, Ball V2, Santos A3, Diaz R3, Biggs D3, Stillion R4, Holdship P5, Larner F5, Tyler DJ2, Clarke K2, Davies B3, Robbins PA2.(PubMed)
(471) Effect of dietary iron loading on recognition memory in growing rats by Han M1, Kim J1.(PubMed)
(472) [Anaemia and iron deficiency in clinical practice:from cardiology to gastroenterology and beyond].

[Article in Czech] by Češka R.(PubMed)

(473) Iron and mechanisms of emotional behavior by Kim J1, Wessling-Resnick M2.(PubMed)
(474) Essential elements in depression and anxiety. Part I by Młyniec K1, Davies CL2, de Agüero Sánchez IG3, Pytka K4, Budziszewska B5, Nowak G6.(PubMed)
(475) Iron deficiency: an emerging therapeutic target in heart failure by Cohen-Solal A1, Leclercq C2, Deray G3, Lasocki S4, Zambrowski JJ5, Mebazaa A6, de Groote P7, Damy T8, Galinier M9.(PubMed)
(476) Effect of iron-deficiency anemia on cognitive skills and neuromaturation in infancy and childhood by Walter T1.(PubMed)
(479) Effects of anemia and iron deficiency on quality of life in women with heavy menstrual bleeding by Peuranpää P1, Heliövaara-Peippo S, Fraser I, Paavonen J, Hurskainen R.(PubMed)
(480) Iron deficiency and fatigue in adolescent females with heavy menstrual bleeding by Wang W1, Bourgeois T, Klima J, Berlan ED, Fischer AN, O'Brien SH.(PubMed)
(481) Iron at the interface of immunity and infection by Nairz M1, Haschka D1, Demetz E1, Weiss G1.(PubMed)
(482) Impact of iron deficiency anemia on cell-mediated and humoral immunity in children: A case control study by Das I1, Saha K1, Mukhopadhyay D2, Roy S1, Raychaudhuri G3, Chatterjee M2, Mitra PK1.(PubMed)
(483) Iron Supplementation Attenuates the Inflammatory Status of Anemic Piglets by Regulating Hepcidin by Pu Y1, Guo B, Liu D, Xiong H, Wang Y, Du H.(PubMed)
(484) A novel inflammatory pathway mediating rapid hepcidin-independent hypoferremia by Guida C1, Altamura S2, Klein FA3, Galy B3, Boutros M4, Ulmer AJ5, Hentze MW6, Muckenthaler MU2.(PubMed)
(485) Prediction of iron deficiency in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseaseanaemia by Baumann Kurer S1, Seifert B, Michel B, Ruegg R, Fehr J.(PubMed)
(486) Changes in Echocardiographic Parameters in Iron Deficiency Patients with Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Treated with Intravenous Iron by Toblli JE1, Di Gennaro F2, Rivas C2.(PubMed)
(487) Antimicrobial copper's potential.[No authors listed](PubMed)
(488) Effects of in-feed copper and tylosin supplementations on copper andantimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci of feedlot cattle by Amachawadi RG1, Scott HM, Aperce C, Vinasco J, Drouillard JS, Nagaraja TG.(PubMed)
(489) Copper and immunity by Percival SS1.(PubMed)
(490) The immune system as a physiological indicator of marginal copper status? by Bonham M1, O'Connor JM, Hannigan BM, Strain JJ.(PubMed)
(491) Molecular basis for antioxidant enzymes in mediating copper detoxification in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans by Song S1, Zhang X1, Wu H1, Han Y2, Zhang J1, Ma E1, Guo Y2.(PubMed)
(492) The effects of coadministration of dietary copper and zinc supplements on atherosclerosis, antioxidant enzymes and indices of lipid peroxidation in the cholesterol-fed rabbit by Alissa EM1, Bahijri SM, Lamb DJ, Ferns GA.(PubMed)
(493) Is copper pro- or anti-inflammatory? A reconciling view and a novel approach for the use of copper in the control of inflammation by Berthon G1(PubMed)
(494) Effect of a topical copper indomethacin gel on inflammatory parameters in a rat model of osteoarthritis by Yassin NZ1, El-Shenawy SM1, Abdel-Rahman RF1, Yakoot M2, Hassan M3, Helmy S4.(PubMed)
(495) Enhanced analgesic properties and reduced ulcerogenic effect of a mononuclear copper(II) complex with fenoprofen in comparison to the parent drug: promising insights in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases by Agotegaray M1, Gumilar F2, Boeris M3, Toso R3, Minetti A2.(PubMed)
(496) Nutraceuticals of anti-inflammatory activity as complementary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis by Al-Okbi SY1.(PubMed)
(497) Copper homeostasis in the CNS: a novel link between the NMDA receptor and copper homeostasis in the hippocampus by Schlief ML1, Gitlin JD.(PubMed)
(498) Effect of sex hormones on copper, zinc, iron nutritional status and hepatic lipid peroxidation in rats by Wachnik A1, Biró G, Biró L, Korom M, Gergely A, Antal M.(PubMed)
(499) Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase deficiency impairs sperm motility and in vivo fertility by Garratt M1, Bathgate R, de Graaf SP, Brooks RC.(PubMed)
(500) Iron and copper in male reproduction: a double-edged sword by Tvrda E1, Peer R, Sikka SC, Agarwal A.(PubMed)
(501) Interactions of peptide amidation and copper: novel biomarkers and mechanisms of neural dysfunction by Bousquet-Moore D1, Prohaska JR, Nillni EA, Czyzyk T, Wetsel WC, Mains RE, Eipper BA.(PubMed)
(502) Deficient copper concentrations in dried-defatted hepatic tissue from ob/ob mice: A potential model for study of defective copper regulation in metabolic liver disease by Church SJ1, Begley P1, Kureishy N1, McHarg S1, Bishop PN1, Bechtold DA2, Unwin RD3, Cooper GJ4.(PubMed)
(503) Update on anemia and neutropenia in copper deficiency by Lazarchick J1.(PubMed)

The Obesity' Research and Studies: The Effective of Vitamin C

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(1) Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome by Sam S.(PubMed)
(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O1.(PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF1, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(PubMed)
(5) [Serum levels of anti-muller hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndromeand healthy women of reproductive age].[Article in Bulgarian] by Parahuleva N, Pehlivanov B, Orbecova M, Deneva T, Uchikova E.(PubMed)
(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R1, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(PubMed)
(7) The clinical evaluation of hirsutism by Somani N1, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF.(PubMed)
(8) Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future by Mayer SB1, Evans WS, Nestler JE.(PubMed)
(9) Association of mean platelet volume with androgens and insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Dogan BA1, Arduc A2, Tuna MM1, Karakılıc E1, Dagdelen I1, Tutuncu Y1, Berker D1, Guler S1.(PubMed)
(10) Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Yildiz BO1.(PubMed)
(11) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women by Talbott EO1, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.(PubMed)
(12) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovak women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities by Figurová J1, Dravecká I, Javorský M, Petríková J, Lazúrová I.(PubMed)
(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK1, Katalenich B2, Nagireddy P3, Chabbra P4, Kuhadiya N5, Fonseca V1.(PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG1, Pupovci HL1, Berisha VL1, Goçi AU2, Gerqari A3.(PubMed)
(15) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N1, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H1, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD1, Butz DE2, Dashti H3, Tonelli M3, Johnson LK1, Cook ME2, Porter WP4, Eghbalnia HR5, Markley JL6, Lindheim SR7, Schoeller DA8, Abbott DH9, Assadi-Porter FM10.(PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA1, Azizia MM1, Hardiman PJ2.(PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M1, Kjaer SK2, Jensen A1, Munk C1, Mellemkjaer L3.(PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E1.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E1, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(733) [Treatment of PCOS without IVF: weight loss, insulin-sensitizing agents].[Article in French] by Pugeat M1.(PubMed)
(734) A 12-week treatment with the long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide leads to significant weight loss in a subset of obese women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome by Jensterle M1, Kravos NA1, Pfeifer M1, Kocjan T1, Janez A1.(PubMed)
(735) Body mass index and gonadotropin hormones (LH & FSH) associate with clinical symptoms among women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Esmaeilzadeh S, Andarieh MG1, Ghadimi R, Delavar MA.(PubMed)
(736) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N1, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(737)
(737) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H1, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(738) A retrospective study of the pregnancy, delivery and neonatal outcome in overweight versus normal weight women with polycystic ovary syndrome by De Frène V1, Vansteelandt S2, T'Sjoen G3, Gerris J4, Somers S4, Vercruysse L4, De Sutter P4.(PubMed)
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Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica): The Individual herbs - Turmeric

Herbal therapy: Popular Herbal Garlic (Allium sativum)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Garlic (Allium sativum)

Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species in the onion genus, belonging to family Amaryllidaceae, native to central Asia. It has been used popularly in traditional and Chinese medicine in treating common cold and flu to the Plague, blood pressure cholesterol levels, natural antibiotic, etc.

Health benefits
1. Anti cancer
In the evaluation of Garlic (Allium sativum) its consumption to reduce cancer risk and its extracts and components effectively block experimentally induced tumors found that allicin inhibited the growth of cancer cells of murine and human origin. Allicin induced the formation of apoptotic bodies, nuclear condensation and a typical DNA ladder in cancer cells. Furthermore, activation of caspases-3, -8 and -9 and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase were induced by allicin, according to "Allicin (from garlic) induces caspase-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells" by Oommen S, Anto RJ, Srinivas G, Karunagaran D.(1)

2. Colon cancer
In the identification of Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) of freshly crushed garlic extract and its effect against colon cancer found that allicin induces Nrf2-mediated luciferase transactivation activity. SiRNA knock down of Nrf2 significantly affected the capacity of allicin to inhibit HCT-116 proliferation. These results suggest that Nrf2 mediates the allicin-induced apoptotic death of colon cancer cells, according to "Allicin purified from fresh garlic cloves induces apoptosis in coloncancer cells via Nrf2" by Bat-Chen W, Golan T, Peri I, Ludmer Z, Schwartz B.(2)

3. Gastric cancer
In the classification of Diallyl disulfide (DADS) a organosulfur compound fromgarlic and it inhibits the proliferation of several tumor cells found that DADS decreases the viability of AGS cell lines and induces apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. But the relationship of the anti-proliferative effect of DADS and related molecular changes were not clearly proportional to the concentration of DADS, according to "Induction of apoptosis with diallyl disulfide in AGS gastric cancer cell line" by Lee JE, Lee RA, Kim KH, Lee JH.(3)

4. Breast cancer
In the analyzing Garlic-derived organosulfur compounds (OSCs) and its antitumor effects found that Garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide (DATS) suppresses viability of cultured MCF-7 and MCF-12a cells respectively by decreasing the percent of cells in G(2)/M and inducing apoptotic cell death. DATS-induced apoptosis was markedly elevated in MCF-7 cells compared with MCF-12a cells and this was correlated with elevated levels of cyclin B1, according to "Garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide induced apoptosis in MCF7 human breast cancer cells" by Malki A, El-Saadani M, Sultan AS.(4)

5. Lung cancer
In the observation of the Garlic-derived organosulfur compounds (OSCs) and its protection against chemically induced pulmonary carcinogenesis found that garlicconstituent diallyl trisulfide (DATS) suppresses viability of cultured human lungcancer cell lines H358 (anon-small cell lung cancer cell line) and H460 (a large cell lung cancer cell line) by causing G2-M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death. On the other hand, a normal human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B was significantly more resistant to growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by DATS compared with lung cancer cells, according to "Diallyl trisulfide selectively causes Bax- and Bak-mediated apoptosis in human lung cancer cells" by Xiao D, Zeng Y, Hahm ER, Kim YA, Ramalingam S, Singh SV.(5)

6. Blood pressure
In the assessment of garlic extract and its effect of hypertension. found that Agedgarlic extract was generally well tolerated and acceptability of trial treatment was high (92%) and aged garlic extract is superior to placebo in lowering systolic blood pressure similarly to current first line medications in patients with treated but uncontrolled hypertension, according to "Aged garlic extract lowers blood pressure in patients with treated but uncontrolled hypertension: a randomised controlled trial" by Ried K, Frank OR, Stocks NP.(6)

7. Atherosclerosis
In the demonstration of aged garlic extract therapy with supplements (AGE+S) and theirs effect on cardiovascular diseases found that CAC progression was significantly lower and TR significantly higher in the AGE+S compared to the placebo group after adjustment of cardiovascular risk factors (p<0.05). Total cholesterol, LDL-C, homocysteine, IgG and IgM autoantibodies to MDA-LDL and apoB-immune complexes were decreased, whereas HDL, OxPL/apoB, and Lp (a) were significantly increased in AGE+S to placebo and concluded that AGE+S is associated with a favorable improvement in oxidative biomarkers, vascular function, and reduced progression of atherosclerosis., according to "Aged garlicextract supplemented with B vitamins, folic acid and L-arginine retards the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial" by Budoff MJ, Ahmadi N, Gul KM, Liu ST, Flores FR, Tiano J, Takasu J, Miller E, Tsimikas S.(7)

8. Antifungal antitumor cytotoxicity and blood coagulability effects
In the identification of organosulfur compounds and theirs effects on cardiovascular diseases found that in vitro antifungal antitumor cytotoxicity and blood coagulability effects of steroid saponins from garlic and related Allium species are provided. Animal studies on the cholesterol-lowering effects of the saponin fractions from garlic are also summarized, according to "Saponins ingarlic as modifiers of the risk of cardiovascular disease" by .Matsuura H(8)

9. Cardiovascular diseases
In the review of the experimental and clinical studies confirm that the ancient experience with beneficial effects of garlic holds validity even in prevention ofcardiovascular disorders and other metabolic ills, indicated that Garlic-derived organic polysulfides are converted by erythrocytes into hydrogen sulfide which relaxes vascular smooth muscle, induces vasodilation of blood vessels, and significantly reduces blood pressure. There are data on potential ability of garlic to inhibit the rate of progression of coronary calcification. Garlic as a dietary component appears to hold promise to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease(Fig. 2, Ref. 46), according to "Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and cardiovascular diseases" by Ginter E, Simko V.(9)

10. Antioxidant effects
In the study of the Extracts of aged fresh garlic that are aged over a prolonged period and its antioxidant effects found that the ability of AGE to protect against oxidant-induced disease, acute damage from aging, radiation and chemical exposure, and long-term toxic damage. Although additional observations are warranted in humans, compelling evidence supports the beneficial health effects attributed to AGE, i.e., reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, cancer and aging, including the oxidant-mediated brain cell damage that is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, according to "Antioxidant health effects of aged garlicextract" by

Borek C.(10)

11. Diabetes
In the comparison of the effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) and garlic(Allium sativum) investigated in a type 2 diabetes model of rats found that that ginger and garlic are insulinotropic rather than hypoglycemic while overall anti-diabetic effects of ginger are better than those of garlic, at least in this experimental condition. Much better anti-diabetic effects of ginger and garlic may be obtained when feeding is with a normal rather than a HF-containing diet, according to "Comparative effects of dietary ginger (Zingiber officinale) andgarlic (Allium sativum) investigated in a type 2 diabetes model of rats" by Islam MS, Choi H.(11)

12. Common cold
In the searched from January 1966 to September 2009 combining the key wordscommon cold or influenza with echinacea, garlic, ginseng, probiotics, vitamin C, and zinc. Clinical trials and prospective studies found that for prevention, vitamin C demonstrated benefit in a large meta-analysis, with possibly increased benefit in patients subjected to cold stress. There is inconsistent evidence for Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng) and North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Allicin was highly effective in 1 small trial. For treatment, Echinacea purpurea is the most consistently useful variety; it was effective in 5 of 6 trials. Zinc lozenges were effective in 5 of 9 trials, likely owing to dose and formulation issues. Overall, the evidence suggests no benefit from probiotics for prevention or treatment of thecommon cold, according to "Complementary and alternative medicine for prevention and treatment of the common cold" by Nahas R, Balla A.(12)

13. Tuberculosis
In the investigation of the garlic extracts and the increasing incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and particularly of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) found that Allium sativum offers a hope for developing alternative drugs. The involvement of traditional healers (TH) in the TB health management could facilitate the administration of garlic extracts to the infected patients, according to "The potential role of garlic (Allium sativum) against the multi-drug resistant tuberculosis pandemic: a review" by Dini C, Fabbri A, Geraci A.(13)

14. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb if you have ulcer
2. Raw garlic or overdoses may cause irritation of or even damage to the digestive tract
3. PLease consult with your doctor before taking garlic if you are taking blood thiner medication
4. It may cause allergic effect to some people
5. Etc.

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14757128
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20924970
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22066106
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19823037
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18800351
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20594781
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19573556
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11238805
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21033626
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11238807
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18361751
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21322286
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22194081

The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Top 5 Anti inflammatory Foods

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(379) Curcuma as a functional food in the control of cancer and inflammation by Schaffer M1, Schaffer PM, Zidan J, Bar Sela G.(PubMed)
(380) Curcumin induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell lines and delays the growth of mammary tumors in neu transgenic mice by Masuelli L1, Benvenuto M, Fantini M, Marzocchella L, Sacchetti P, Di Stefano E, Tresoldi I, Izzi V, Bernardini R, Palumbo C, Mattei M, Lista F, Galvano F, Modesti A, Bei R.(PubMed)
(381) Induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells by in vivo metabolites of teas by Zhang G1, Miura Y, Yagasaki K.(PubMed)
(382) Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activity of tea polyphenols by Kuroda Y1, Hara Y.(PubMed)
(383) High oolong tea consumption predicts future risk of diabetes among Japanese male workers: a prospective cohort study by Hayashino Y1, Fukuhara S, Okamura T, Tanaka T, Ueshima H; HIPOP-OHP Research Group.(PubMed)
(384) Antihyperglycemic effect of oolong tea in type 2 diabetes by Hosoda K1, Wang MF, Liao ML, Chuang CK, Iha M, Clevidence B, Yamamoto S.(PubMed)
(385) Beneficial effects of oolong tea consumption on diet-induced overweight and obese subjects by He RR1, Chen L, Lin BH, Matsui Y, Yao XS, Kurihara H.(PubMed)
(386) Thermogenic ingredients and body weight regulation by Hursel R1, Westerterp-Plantenga MS.(PubMed)
(387) Hormesis, cellular stress response and vitagenes as critical determinants in aging and longevity by Calabrese V1, Cornelius C, Cuzzocrea S, Iavicoli I, Rizzarelli E, Calabrese EJ.(PubMed)
(388) The potential influence of plant polyphenols on the aging process by Cherniack EP1.(PubMed)
(389) Antiallergic constituents from oolong tea stem by Ohmori Y1, Ito M, Kishi M, Mizutani H, Katada T, Konishi H.(PubMed)
(390) [Effect of tea extracts, catechin and caffeine against type-I allergic reaction].[Article in Japanese] by Shiozaki T1, Sugiyama K, Nakazato K, Takeo T.(PubMed)
(391) Antibacterial activity of Iranian green and black tea on streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study by Naderi NJ1, Niakan M, Kharazi Fard MJ, Zardi S.(PubMed)
(392) Overview of antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral, and antifungal activities of tea flavonoids and teas by Friedman M1.(PubMed)
(393) Mechanisms of hypolipidemic and anti-obesity effects of tea and tea polyphenols by Lin JK1, Lin-Shiau SY.(PubMed)
(394) Polyphenol-enriched oolong tea increases fecal lipid excretion by Hsu TF1, Kusumoto A, Abe K, Hosoda K, Kiso Y, Wang MF, Yamamoto S.(PubMed)
(395) Green and black tea consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis by Arab L1, Liu W, Elashoff D.(PubMed)
(396) Does tea affect cardiovascular disease? A meta-analysis by Peters U1, Poole C, Arab L.(PubMed)
(397) Determination of tea components with antioxidant activity by Cabrera C1, Giménez R, López MC.(PubMed)
(398) Structural determination and DPPH radical-scavenging activity of two acylated flavonoid tetraglycosides in oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) by Lee VS1, Chen CR, Liao YW, Tzen JT, Chang CI.(PubMed)
(399) Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of green tea and black tea: A comparative in vitro study by Chatterjee P1, Chandra S, Dey P, Bhattacharya S.(PubMed)
(400) Anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects of the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate in human corneal epithelial cells by Cavet ME1, Harrington KL, Vollmer TR, Ward KW, Zhang JZ.(PubMed)
(401) Immunomodulatory effects of EGCG fraction of green tea extract in innate and adaptive immunity via T regulatory cells in murine model by Kuo CL1, Chen TS, Liou SY, Hsieh CC.(PubMed)
(402) Immunomodulating effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate from green tea: mechanisms and applications by Pae M1, Wu D.(PubMed)
(403) Structure and inducing tumor cell apoptosis activity of polysaccharides isolated from Lentinus edodes by Wang KP1, Zhang QL, Liu Y, Wang J, Cheng Y, Zhang Y.(PubMed)
(404) Polysaccharides from Tricholoma matsutake and Lentinus edodes enhance 5-fluorouracil-mediated H22 cell growth inhibition by Ren M, Ye L, Hao X, Ren Z, Ren S, Xu K, Li J.(PubMed)
(405) Structure and immuno-stimulating activities of a new heteropolysaccharide from Lentinula edodes by Xu X1, Yan H, Zhang X.(PubMed)
(406) Dietary supplementation with rice bran fermented with Lentinus edodes increases interferon-γ activity without causing adverse effects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study by Choi JY, Paik DJ, Kwon DY, Park Y1.(PubMed)
(407) Lentinus edodes: a macrofungus with pharmacological activities by Bisen PS1, Baghel RK, Sanodiya BS, Thakur GS, Prasad GB.(PubMed)
(408) An examination of antibacterial and antifungal properties of constituents ofShiitake (Lentinula edodes) and oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushrooms by Hearst R1, Nelson D, McCollum G, Millar BC, Maeda Y, Goldsmith CE, Rooney PJ, Loughrey A, Rao JR, Moore JE.(PubMed)
(409) Antimicrobial properties of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes) by Rao JR, Smyth TJ, Millar BC, Moore JE.(PubMed)
(410) A placebo-controlled trial of the immune modulator, lentinan, in HIV-positive patients: a phase I/II trial by Gordon M1, Bihari B, Goosby E, Gorter R, Greco M, Guralnik M, Mimura T, Rudinicki V, Wong R, Kaneko Y.(PubMed)
(411) A phase II controlled study of a combination of the immune modulator, lentinan, with didanosine (ddI) in HIV patients with CD4 cells of 200-500/mm3 by Gordon M1, Guralnik M, Kaneko Y, Mimura T, Goodgame J, DeMarzo C, Pierce D, Baker M, Lang W.(PubMed)
(412) [Liver protective effect of Lentinula edodes mycelia(LEM)].[Article in Japanese] by Yagi K1.(PubMed)
(413) Anti-inflammatory effects of five commercially available mushroom species determined in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-γ activated murine macrophages by Gunawardena D1, Bennett L, Shanmugam K, King K, Williams R, Zabaras D, Head R, Ooi L, Gyengesi E, Münch G.(PubMed)
(414) Effect of shiitake (Lentinus edodes) extract on antioxidant and inflammatory response to prolonged eccentric exercise by Zembron-Lacny A1, Gajewski M, Naczk M, Siatkowski I.(PubMed)
(415) Both common and specialty mushrooms inhibit adhesion molecule expression and in vitro binding of monocytes to human aortic endothelial cells in a pro-inflammatory environment by Martin KR1.(PubMed)
(416) Fumigation with essential oils improves sensory quality and enhancedantioxidant ability of shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) by Jiang T1, Luo Z2, Ying T3.(PubMed)
(417) Antihyperlipidemic Effect of Dietary Lentinus edodes on Plasma, Feces and Hepatic Tissues in Hypercholesterolemic Rats by Yoon KN1, Alam N, Lee JS, Cho HJ, Kim HY, Shim MJ, Lee MW, Lee TS.(PubMed)
(418) Cholesterol-lowering effects of maitake (Grifola frondosa) fiber, shiitake(Lentinus edodes) fiber, and enokitake (Flammulina velutipes) fiber in rats by Fukushima M1, Ohashi T, Fujiwara Y, Sonoyama K, Nakano M.(PubMed)
(419) Effects of Lentinus edodes mycelia on dietary-induced atherosclerotic involvement in rabbit aorta by Yamada T1, Oinuma T, Niihashi M, Mitsumata M, Fujioka T, Hasegawa K, Nagaoka H, Itakura H.(PubMed)
(420) Protective effects of fractional extracts from Panellus serotinus on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese, diabetic db/db mice by Inafuku M1, Nagao K, Nomura S, Shirouchi B, Inoue N, Nagamori N, Nakayama H, Toda T, Yanagita T.(PubMed)

The Obesity' Research and Studies: The Effective of Herbal Medicne on Obesity's Weight Loss

1. Ephera (Ma Huang)
Ma Huang is also known as ephedra. The acrid, slightly bitter and warm herb has been used in TCM to promote urination and sweating, and rid of cold, sooth wheezing asthma, etc. as it calms dyspnea, asthma, cough, etc., by enhancing the functions of lung and bladder channels(9)
Ephedra sinica, the Chinese herb may be effective in induced weigh loss. According to the Dongguk University, certain chemicals found in Ephera showed an association with changes of BW and BMI through alteration of gut microbiota varied by indigenous microbiota of each subject(10). The combined study of a low-calorie diet and Ephera, In 125 otherwise healthy obese women, showed effectively in reducing BMI. RMR change not compensated for by the herbal medicines tried. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) change seemed to be affected by constitution and body composition rather than by medicine(11). The Dongeui University study of composition GGEx18( Laminaria japonica, Rheum palmatum, and Ephedra sinica) in high fat diet-induced obese mice suggested that GGEx18 improves obesity through skeletal muscle AMPK and AMPK-stimulated expression of PPARα and its target enzymes for fatty acid oxidation, through inhibited lipid accumulation, and similar activation of genes(12).
Please note that due to its adverse reactions of palpitations, stress, headache and insomnia and stroke, heart attacks, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures and psychotic, the Dutch Inspectorate for Health Care and the Ministry of Health in Canada have recently requested a market recall of some ephedrine-containing herbal products in response to above adverse reactions. In the Netherlands, the status of Ephedra-containing products is currently reconsidered(13).

2. Ginseng
Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, the genus Panax, belonging to the family Araliaceae. Depending to the climate where it grows, ginseng can be classified mainly into Panax ginseng Asian ginseng (root), Red ginseng, wild ginseng, American ginseng (root)(14).
In 10 obese middle-aged Korean women who took Panax ginseng extracts for 8 wk, showed effectively in influence on gut microbiota in promoting weigh loss but depending to the composition of gut microbiota prior to ginseng intake(15). In mice fed on a high-fat diet, ginseng saponin and ginsenosides not only exerted anti-obesity effects via the modulation of physiological lipid metabolism in vivo or intracellular signalling in cell culture systems, but also promoted anti-obesity effects, through abnormal physiology via HFD. Leptin, insulin, and adiponectin, which carry out critical functions in energy and lipid metabolism(16).

3. Zingiber Officinale(Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil. It has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.(17).
According to the Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Slimax (extract of several plants including Zingiber officinale and Bofutsushosan) showed a significant decrease in body weight or inhibition of weight gain(18). The composition of multi-ingredient supplement containing primarily raspberry ketone, caffeine, capsaicin, garlic, ginger and Citrus aurantium, also found the improvements in body composition, waist and hip girth, in an eight-week diet and exercise weight lossprogram(19). In a comparison of the weight loss effect of Orlistat, a pharmacological agent promoting weight loss and ginger (Zingiber officinaleRoscoe, Zingiberacae) in male albino rats, researchers at the Ain Shams University Cairo, found that ginger has a great ability to reduce body weight without inhibiting pancreatic lipase level, or affecting bilirubin concentration, with positive effect on increasing peroxisomal catalase level and HDL-cholesterol(20).

4. Cissus quadrangularis (CQ)
Cissus quadrangularis is an ancient herb used to treat a variety of indications, belonging to the grape family, probably native to India or Sri Lanka. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design involving 123 overweight and obese persons (47.2% male; 52.8% female; ages 19-50). conducted by University of Yaoundé I, Cissus quadrangularis showed a statistically significant net reductions in weight and central obesity, as well as causes of metabolic syndrome(21). In comparison of the effectiveness of Cissus quadrangularis-only and a Cissusquadrangularis/Irvingia gabonensis combination, on weight loss in overweight and obese human subjects, Cissus quadrangularis-only group showed significant reductions on all variables compared to the placebo group, the Cissusquadrangularis/Irvingia gabonensis combination resulted in even larger reductions(22). CQR-300, a proprietary extract of Cissus quadrangularis, also showed a significant reductions in weight and blood glucose levels, while decreasing serum lipids thus improving cardiovascular risk factors, according to the University of Yaoundé I,(23).

5. Sambucus nigra
Elder also known as Common Elder, is a shrub or small tree of the genus Sambucus of 30 specie, belonging to the family Adoxaceae, native to the temperate-to-subtropical regions of both the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. The herb has been used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat constipation, colic, diarrhea, colds, flu, bronchial and upper-respiratory, irritation of the skin, rheumatism, etc.
The composition of supplement with Sambucus nigra and Asparagus officinalis study, showed an effectiveness in reduced weight, blood pressure, enhanced physical and emotional well-being and the quality of life had significantly improved (ITT analysis)(24). The Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Sambucus nigra study, showed a significant decrease in body weight in numbers of animal studies(25).

6. Asparagus officinalis
Asparagus is a flowering plant belong to species the genus Asparagus, native to the western coasts of northern Spain, north to Ireland, Great Britain, and northwest Germany, northern Africa and western Asia. Asparagus has been used from early times as a vegetable and medicine, because of its delicate flavour and diuretic properties(26). Asparagus officinalis L. powder tablets provided 19 mg saponins per day study showed an effectiveness of the tablets in reduced mean weight, blood pressure, and enhanced physical and emotional well-being and the quality of life with the rate of very good or good by most of the completers(27). In 12 weeks supplementation of a botanical extract-based weight loss formula, includingAsparagus, researchers at the Poznan University of Medical Science, indicated a significantly change of the Body Composition Improvement Index (BCI), induce greater weight loss than placebo, probably through a concurrently performed exercise program recommended strategy for life style modification(28).

7. Slimax
Slimax (extract of several plants including Zingiber officinale and Bofutsushosan), in the reviews of the data base of studies published, showed a significant decrease in body weight. In 41 animal studies, the formula was found to be effective in significant induced weight loss or inhibited of weight gain(29).

Taken altogether, the above herbs may be effectiveness in enhanced weight loss through suppression of appetite and improvement of symptoms induced by over weight and obesity. As always, all articles written by Kyle J. Norton are for information & education only, please consult your Doctor & Related field specialist before applying

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References
(1) Rising Burden of Obesity in Asia by Ambady Ramachandran and Chamukuttan Snehalatha(Journey of Obesity)
(2) Obesity - Situation and trends(WHO)
(3) Influence of a combination of herbs on appetite suppression and weight loss in rats by Talpur NA1, Echard BW, Manohar V, Preuss HG.(PubMed)
(4) [Hepatotoxicity induced by herbs and medicines used to induce weight loss].[Article in Spanish]by Herrera S1, Bruguera M.(PubMed)
(5) A case report of adult lead toxicity following use of Ayurvedic herbal medication by Breeher L1, Gerr F, Fuortes L.(PubMed)
(6) [Chronic lead intoxication associated with Ayurvedic medication].[Article in Dutch] by Kanen BL1, Perenboom RM.(PubMed)
(7) Potential toxicity of caffeine when used as a dietary supplement for weight loss by Pendleton M1, Brown S, Thomas C, Odle B.(PubMed)
(8) Multinutrient supplement containing ephedra and caffeine causes weight lossand improves metabolic risk factors in obese women: a randomized controlled trial by Hackman RM1, Havel PJ, Schwartz HJ, Rutledge JC, Watnik MR, Noceti EM, Stohs SJ, Stern JS, Keen CL.(PubMed)
(9) Ma Huang(Popular Chinese herbs)
(10) Prameha in Ayurveda: correlation with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus. Part 2--management of Prameha by Sharma H1, Chandola HM.(PubMed)
(11) Effect of herbal Ephedra sinica and Evodia rutaecarpa on body composition and resting metabolic rate: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in Korean premenopausal women by Kim HJ1, Park JM, Kim JA, Ko BP(PubMed)
(12) The herbal composition GGEx18 from Laminaria japonica, Rheum palmatum, and Ephedra sinica reduces obesity via skeletal muscle AMPK and PPARα by Shin SS1, Park D, Lee HY, Hong Y, Choi J, Oh J, Lee H, Lee HR, Kim MR, Shen ZB, Cui HH, Yoon M.(PubMed)
(13) [Ephedrine and ephedra in weight loss products and other preparations].[Article in Dutch] by van der Hooft CS1, Stricker BH.(PubMed)
(14) Ginseng, Asian (Panax ginseng) and Ginseng, North America(Popular Chinese Herbs)
(15) Influence of Panax ginseng on obesity and gut microbiota in obese middle-aged Korean women by Song MY1, Kim BS2, Kim H(PubMed)
(16) Lipid metabolic effect of Korean red ginseng extract in mice fed on a high-fat diet by Song YB1, An YR, Kim SJ, Park HW, Jung JW, Kyung JS, Hwang SY, Kim YS.(PubMed)
(17) Popular #Herbs - #Ginger (Zingiber officinale)(Popular Chinese herbs)
(18) A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity by Hasani-Ranjbar S1, Nayebi N, Larijani B, Abdollahi M.(PubMed)
(19) Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women by Lopez HL1, Ziegenfuss TN, Hofheins JE, Habowski SM, Arent SM, Weir JP, Ferrando AA.(PubMed)
(20) Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of ginger and orlistat on obesity management, pancreatic lipase and liver peroxisomal catalase enzyme in male albino rats by Mahmoud RH1, Elnour WA.(PubMed)
(21) The use of a Cissus quadrangularis formulation in the management of weight loss and metabolic syndrome by Oben J1, Kuate D, Agbor G, Momo C, Talla X.(PubMed)
(22) The use of a Cissus quadrangularis/Irvingia gabonensis combination in the management of weight loss: a double-blind placebo-controlled study. by Oben JE1, Ngondi JL, Momo CN, Agbor GA, Sobgui CS.(PubMed)
(23) The effect of Cissus quadrangularis (CQR-300) and a Cissus formulation (CORE) on obesity and obesity-induced oxidative stress by Oben JE1, Enyegue DM, Fomekong GI, Soukontoua YB, Agbor GA.(PubMed)
(24) An observational study and quantification of the actives in a supplement withSambucus nigra and Asparagus officinalis used for weight reduction by Chrubasik C1, Maier T, Dawid C, Torda T, Schieber A, Hofmann T, Chrubasik S.(PubMed)
(25) A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity by Hasani-Ranjbar S1, Nayebi N, Larijani B, Abdollahi M(PubMed)
(26) #Healthy #Foods - Vegetables - Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis)(health tips for better living and living health)
(27) An observational study and quantification of the actives in a supplement with Sambucus nigra and Asparagus officinalis used for weight reduction by Chrubasik C1, Maier T, Dawid C, Torda T, Schieber A, Hofmann T, Chrubasik S.(PubMed)
(28) Efficacy of 12 weeks supplementation of a botanical extract-based weight loss formula on body weight, body composition and blood chemistry in healthy, overweight subjects--a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial by Opala T1, Rzymski P, Pischel I, Wilczak M, Wozniak J.(PubMed)
(29) A systematic review of the efficacy and safety of herbal medicines used in the treatment of obesity by Hasani-Ranjbar S1, Nayebi N, Larijani B, Abdollahi M.(PubMed)

The Best of Tomato, Brazil Nut and Grape Juice for Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy

1 cup organic grape juice

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.
3. Serve immediately

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) of which can lead to the progression of weakened immune system causes of infectious diseases and cancers.

The finding of a natural source for reduced risk and treatment of HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in either large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Strong evidences of number of renowned institutions suggested that natural sources, including carotenoids from tomatoes, selenium from brazil nut may be a combination ingredients for reduced risk and treatment of HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy through their effects in improvement in immunological parameters and decreased evidence of lipid peroxidation(1).

Carotenoids, group of phytochemicals found abundantly in tomato which is a red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belongings to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, tomato is grown world wide for commercial purpose and often in green house.

Dr. Irlam JH and colleagues at the study of micronutrient supplementation in children and adults with HIV infection said, " Vitamin A alone reduced all-cause mortality and improved growth in a small sub-group of HIV-infected children in one hospital-based trial, and reduced diarrhoea-associated morbidity in a small HIV-infected sub-group of infants in another trial"(2).

Importantly, according to the University of Cape Town, in the guideline of World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations in promoted and supported adequate dietary intake of micronutrients in HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy, suggested that multiple micronutrient supplements, including vitamin A and selenium conferred multiple clinical benefits to pregnant women and their offspring(3).

Resveratrol is a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in peanut, grape and blueberry. Recent study suggested that Resveratrol reduced viral replication by 20% to 30%. With almost 12% of the world population suffering from HIV/AIDS(5).

Dr. Singh and Dr, Pai RS in the study of immune system inHIV/AIDS patients

said " antioxidants might have a significant role in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. An additional approach to treating HIV infection is fortifying the immune response of infected people. Immune modulators help to activate and boost the normal immune function. The present review first describes the boon of antioxidants (especially Vitamin A) and immune modulators (cytolin, resveratrol, murabutide, setarud, tucaresol, AVR118, Immunitin (HE2000), reticulose, and interleukin-7) in the treatment of HIV/AIDS"(4).

The identification of ingredient of Tomato, Brazil Nut and Grape Juice may serve as a foundation for establish a potential and natural source for reduced early onset and treatment of HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy in sometime in the future.

Women who are at increased risk of HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy due to family history and sexual active should drink at least 2 servings a day and people with HIV/AIDS and Pregnancy should drink as much as they can, depending to the digestive toleration. Change of life style and dietary pattern are recommended.

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References
(1) Nutrients and HIV: part one -- beta carotene and selenium by Patrick L.(PubMed)

(2) Micronutrient supplementation in children and adults with HIV infection by Irlam JH1, Visser ME, Rollins N, Siegfried N.(PubMed)

(3) Micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women with HIV infection by Siegfried N1, Irlam JH, Visser ME, Rollins NN.(PubMed)

(4) Dawn of antioxidants and immune modulators to stop HIV-progression and boost the immune system in HIV/AIDS patients: An updated comprehensive and critical review. by Singh G1, Pai RS2.(PubMed)

(5) Recent advances of resveratrol in nanostructured based delivery systems and in the management of HIV/AIDS. by Singh G1, Pai RS2.(PubMed)