Medical Advisor Journals

Thursday, June 9, 2016

Herbal therapy: Popular Herbal Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Ginger (Zingiber officinale)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil. It has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine to treat dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Anxiety
In the assessment of ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and its effect in reducing anxiety, found that -shogaol, 1-dehydro-6-gingerdione, and particularly the whole lipophilic ginger extract (K(i)=11.6 microg/ml) partially activate the 5-HT(1A) receptor (20-60% of maximal activation). In addition, the intestinal absorption of gingerols and shogaols was simulated and their interactions with P-glycoprotein were measured, suggesting a favourable pharmacokinetic profile for the 5-HT(1A) active compounds, according to "Identification of serotonin 5-HT1A receptor partial agonists in ginger" by Nievergelt A, Huonker P, Schoop R, Altmann KH, Gertsch J.(1)

2. Anti Diabetes and hypoglycaemic effect
In the evaluation of the hypoglycaemic potentials of ginger (Zingiber officinale) with extract of raw ginger was administered daily (500 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) for a period of 7 weeks to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats found that The STZ-injected rats exhibited hyperglycaemia accompanied with weight loss, indicating their diabetic condition. At a dose of 500 mg/kg, raw ginger was significantly effective in lowering serum glucose, cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels in the ginger-treated diabetic rats compared with the control diabetic rats, according to "Anti-diabetic and hypolipidaemic properties of ginger (Zingiber officinale) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats" by Zainab M. Al-Amina, Martha Thomsona, Khaled K. Al-Qattana, Riitta Peltonen-Shalabya/and Muslim Alia(2)

3. Ovarian cancer
In the identification of The effect of ginger and the major ginger components on cell growth in a panel of epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines found that in vitro, 6-shogaol is the most active of the individual ginger components tested. Ginger treatment resulted in inhibition of NF-kB activation as well as diminished secretion of VEGF and IL-8 and concluded that Ginger inhibits growth and modulates secretion of angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells. The use of dietary agents such as ginger may have potential in the treatment and prevention of ovarian cancer, according to "Ginger inhibits cell growth and modulates angiogenic factors in ovarian cancer cells" by Jennifer Rhode, Sarah Fogoros, Suzanna Zick, Heather Wahl, Kent A Griffith, Jennifer Huang, and J Rebecca Liu(3)

4. Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory effects
In the classification of the effect of ginger extract on the expression of NFκB and TNF-α in liver cancer-induced rats found that ginger extract significantly reduced the elevated expression of NFκB and TNF-α in rats with liver cancer. Ginger may act as an anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent by inactivating NFκB through the suppression of the pro-inflammatory TNF-α, according to "Ginger Extract (Zingiber Officinale) has Anti-Cancer and Anti-Inflammatory Effects on Ethionine-Induced Hepatoma Rats" by Shafina Hanim Mohd Habib,I Suzana Makpol, Noor Aini Abdul Hamid, Srijit Das, Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah, and Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof (4)

5. Functional dyspepsia
In the assessment of evaluate the effects of ginger on gastric motility and emptying, abdominal symptoms, and hormones that influence motility in dyspepsia found that Ginger stimulated gastric emptying and antral contractions in patients with functional dyspepsia, but had no impact on gastrointestinal symptoms or gut peptides, according to "Effect of ginger on gastric motility and symptoms of functional dyspepsia" by Ming-Luen Hu, Christophan K Rayner, Keng-Liang Wu, Seng-Kee Chuah, Wei-Chen Tai, Yeh-Pin Chou, Yi-Chun Chiu, King-Wah Chiu, and Tsung-Hui Hu(5)

6. Wound healing
In the investigation of topically treated with a combination of 10% curcumin and 3% ginger extract (or with each agent alone) for a 21-day period and its wound healing effect found that a combination of curcumin and ginger extract might provide a novel approach to improving structure and function in skin and, concomitantly, reducing formation of non-healing wounds in “at-risk” skin, according to "A COMBINATION OF CURCUMIN AND GINGER EXTRACT IMPROVES ABRASION WOUND HEALING IN CORTICOSTEROID-DAMAGED HAIRLESS RAT SKIN" by Narasimharao Bhagavathula, Ph.D., Roscoe L. Warner, Ph.D., Marissa DaSilva, B.S., Shannon D. McClintock, B.S., Adam Barron, B.S., Muhammad N. Aslam, M.D., Kent J. Johnson, M.D., and James Varani, Ph.D.(6)

7. Delay of diabetic cataract
In the demonstration of antiglycating activity and ginger (Zingiber officinalis) found that ginger was effective against the development of diabetic cataract in rats mainly through its antiglycating potential and to a lesser extent by inhibition of the polyol pathway. Thus, ingredients of dietary sources, such as ginger, may be explored for the prevention or delay of diabetic complications, according to "Antiglycating potential of Zingiber officinalis and delay of diabetic cataract in rats" by Megha Saraswat, Palla Suryanarayana, Paduru Yadagiri Reddy, Madhoosudan A. Patil, Nagalla Balakrishna, and Geereddy Bhanuprakash Reddy(7)

(8) Osteoarthritis
In the researches of the effect of ginger in patient with Osteoarthritis suggested that nurses could consider this therapy as part of a holistic treatment for people with osteoarthritis symptoms. Controlled research is needed with larger numbers of older people to explore further the effects of the ginger compress therapy, according to "Ginger compress therapy for adults with osteoarthritis' by Tessa Therkleson(8)

9. Anti bacteria (Helicobacter pylori)
In the assessment of a standardized extract of ginger rhizome and the effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro found that suggest ginger extracts may be useful for development as agents to reduce H. pylori-induced inflammation and as for gastric cancer chemoprevention, according to "Standardized ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract reduces bacterial load and suppresses acute and chronic inflammation in Mongolian gerbils infected with cagA+Helicobacter pylori" Kristen Gaus, Yue Huang, Dawn A. Israel, Susan L. Pendland, Bolanle A. Adeniyi, and Gail B. Mahady(9)

10. Liver cancer
In the investigation of the effect of ginger in ethionine induced rat hepatocarcinogenesis found that ginger supplementation suppressed liver carcinogenesis by scavenging the free radical formation, and by reducing lipid peroxidation, according to "Chemopreventive Efficacy of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) in Ethionine Induced Rat Hepatocarcinogenesis" by
Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof, Norliza Ahmad, Srijit Das, Suhaniza Sulaiman, and Nor Azian Murad(10)

11. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Beside with the potential to be used in treating liver cancer, ginger is found to protect liver against Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), according to "Potential efficacy of ginger as a natural supplement for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease" by Amirhossein Sahebkar(11)

12. Rheumatoid Arthritis
In the observation of crude ginger extract and its effect on joint swelling in an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis, streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis, found that these data document a very significant joint-protective effect of these ginger samples, and suggest that non-gingerol components are bioactive and can enhance the antiarthritic effects of the more widely studied gingerols, according to "Comparative Effects of Two Gingerol-Containing Zingiber officinale Extracts on Experimental Rheumatoid Arthritis"
Janet L. Funk, Jennifer B. Frye, Janice N. Oyarzo, mand Barbara N. Timmermann(12)

13. Colon cancer
In the classification of ginger extract and 6-gingerol and theirs effect on colon cancer biology--cancer cell proliferation and angiogenic potential of endothelial cell tubule formation, found that 6-gingerol has two types of antitumor effects: 1) direct colon cancer cell growth suppression, and 2) inhibition of the blood supply of the tumor via angiogenesis. Further research is warranted to test 6-gingerol in animal studies as a potential anticancer plant bioactive in the complementary treatment of cancer, according to "Ginger's (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) inhibition of rat colonic adenocarcinoma cells proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro" by
Brown AC, Shah C, Liu J, Pham JT, Zhang JG, Jadus MR.

14. Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting
In the assessing the evidence for or against the efficacy and safety of ginger (Zingiber officinale) therapy for nausea and vomiting during pregnancy found that Ginger may be an effective treatment for nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. However, more observational studies, with a larger sample size, are needed to confirm the encouraging preliminary data on ginger safety, according to "Effectiveness and safety of ginger in the treatment of pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting' by Borrelli F, Capasso R, Aviello G, Pittler MH, Izzo AA.(14)

15. Motion sickness
In the evaluation of the antimotion sickness activity of ginger root (Zingiber officinale) found that Ginger effectively reduces nausea, tachygastric activity, and vasopressin release induced by circular vection. In this manner, ginger may act as a novel agent in the prevention and treatment of motion sickness, according to "Effects of ginger on motion sickness and gastric slow-wave dysrhythmias induced by circular vection" by Lien HC, Sun WM, Chen YH, Kim H, Hasler W, Owyang C.(15)

16. Etc.

Side effects
1. The herb may interact with blood thinner medication, please consult with your doctor iof you are currently yaking such medicine
2. Do not use the herb if you have ulcer or internal bleeding
3. Due to certain chemical compound, ginger may cause heartburn, diarrhea and irritation of the mouth
4. Do not use the herb, if you have gallstones, as this herb increases bile production
5. It may cause allergic effect
6. Do not use in case of yin deficiency or in stomach heat with vomiting, according to TCM
7. Etc.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20363635
(2) http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=928716.
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2241638/?tool=pmcentrez
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2664283/?tool=pmcentrez
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3016669/?tool=pmcentrez
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819156/?tool=pmcentrez
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925903/?tool=pmcentrez
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984544/?tool=pmcentrez
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2849670/?tool=pmcentrez
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2816532/?tool=pmcentrez
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3020385/?tool=pmcentrez
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2837120/?tool=pmcentrez
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19117330
(14) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802416
(15) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12576305

Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Herbal Chinese Herbs – Bai Shou Wu (Radix Cynanchi bungei)

Health Benefits
1. Immune system
Component PRCB1a of polysaccharides from Radix Cynanchi Bungei ahs exerted the property of enhancing the ability of T lymphocytes proliferation, improving the thymus and spleen index, celiac macrophage ability and delaying hypersensitivity ability, according to the stuydy of ” [Studies on immunoregulation of polysaccharides-la from Radix Cynanchi Bungei].[Article in Chinese]” by Gao LJ, Wang JH, Cui JH, Wang HZ.(1).

2. Gastroprotective activity
Oral administration of ethanol extract and chloroform fraction of Cynoctonum wilfordii (Bai Shou Wu)Has inhibited the development of ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric lesions and also caused significant decrease of gastric acid secretion after histamine-induced gastric lesion, according to the study of “Gastroprotective effect of a traditional Chinese herbal drug “Baishouwu” on experimental gastric lesions in rats”, by Shan L, Liu RH, Shen YH, Zhang WD, Zhang C, Wu DZ, Min L, Su J, Xu XK.(2).

3. Liver cancer
Caudatin-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methy-β-D-cymaropyranoside (CDMC), the C-21 steroidal glycoside recently extracted from Bai Shou Wu had exerted the anticancer activity of CDMC by inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing of apoptosis associated with caspase 3 activation, according to the study of “Caudatin-2,6-dideoxy-3-O-methy-β-D-cymaropyranoside 1 induced apoptosis through caspase 3-dependent pathway in human hepatoma cell line SMMC7721″ by Peng YR, Ding YF, Wei YJ, Shu B, Li YB, Liu XD.(3).

4. Antitumor effects
Wilfoside C3N, one of the two most abundant and active C21 steroidal glycoside (C21) of Baishouwu, has inhibited the proliferation of ECA109 cells moderately in a dose and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis in the ECA109 cell line through a mitochondrial pathway, according to the study of “Antitumor effects by Wilfoside C3N treatment in ECA109 cells” by Liu K, Chen F, Zhang H.(4).

5. Lung cancer
Three C2 steroidal saponins from Cynanchum auriculatum have exhibited on the cell growth and cell cycle of human lung cancer A549 cells, according to the study of “[Effects of three C21 steroidal saponins from Cynanchum auriculatum on cell growth and cell cycle of human lung cancer A549 cells].[Article in Chinese]” by Yao N, Gu X, Li Y.(5).

6. Antioxidants
Sijunzi decoction and Siwu decoction can increase the vitality of SOD, accelerate the elimination of free-radical and inhibit the growth of LPO and MAO-B, according to the study of “[Comparative study on the anti-free-radical damage by vital energy-reinforcing method and blood-tonifying method].[Article in Chinese]” by Gong YX, Sun Y, Lin AP.(6).

7. Hair growth
The water diluted juice of bai shou wu, after 6 weeks has exhibited the function of turning the 70% of gray hair of 70% of the patients to black and enhancing hair regrowth of 50 % of bald head patient, according to the study of “Bai Shou Wu” by Joe Hing kwok Chu(7).

8. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Although bai shou wu is not toxic, do not use the herb without approval of related field specialist, if you are pregnant or breast feeding
2. No side effect is known?

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16323546
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16678989
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20981869
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20351548
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19771876
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8267861
(7) http://alternativehealing.org/bai_shou_wu.htm

The Smoothie of Tomato, Sweet Potato and Peanut for Prevention and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.

Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post

Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years

Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The smoothie for prevention and treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis

Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)

3/4 cup tomato
1/2 cup cooked sweet potato
1/4 cup peanut

1 cup grape juice

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for treatment of scabies has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Autoimmune hepatitis is an inflammation caused by over reaction of immune system in attacking it own body liver cells.

Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Carotenoids, Vitamin E, and Resveratrol and Silymarin isolated from Tomato, Sweet Potato and Peanut respectively may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis.

Tomato is a red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belongings to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, tomato is grown world wide for commercial purpose
and often in green house. Its carotenoids, astaxanthin attenuated immune liver injury in ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis, through down regulation of immune antibody and pro inflammatory pathways in induced apoptosis and autophagy(1).
Retinoic acid, withy function similar to vitamin A, according to the study lead by the King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital,inhibited antigen-specific regulatory T-cell function in patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 2, through attenuated antigen-generation and pro-inflammatory activity(2).

Furthermore, its all-trans retinoic acid also exhibited anti autoimmune hepatitis complication of portal hypertension(3).

Sweet potato is a large, starchy, sweet tasting tuberous roots vegetable, genus Ipomoea, belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Its young leaves can be made into a delicious dish in Chinese foods. Some species of batatas are actually poisonous. According to the Universidade Estadual de Campinas, lower serum of vitamin E is associated to patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis(4).

Dr. Pemberton PW and colleagues at the The Liver Unit, Manchester Royal Infirmary suggested,the increased oxidant stress correlated to the lower levels of vitamin E may provide best explanation in linking auto immune dysfunction at hepatic necroinflammation to fibrogenesis and disease progression(5).

Dr. Medina and Dr, Moreno-Otero R. said, "Oxidative stress plays a pathogenetic role in liver diseases such as autoimmune liver diseases,..... The use of antioxidants (e.g. tocopherol [vitamin E]) has already shown promising results in some of these pathologies"(6).

Resveratrol and Silymarin, phytochemicals in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in peanut also expressed anti autoimmune hepatitis effects through Silymarin and resveratrol anti-inflammatory(4)(7) and/or antiviral properties(4).

Taking altogether, the combination of Tomato, Sweet Potato and Peanut may process the activities in reduced risk and treatment of patient with Autoimmune Hepatitis.
People with higher risk of Autoimmune Hepatitis due to family history, genetic mutation, alcohol drinking .... should drink 1 serving daily and people with Autoimmune Hepatitis should drink as much as they can, depending to digestive toleration.
Life style and diet pattern changed are recommended

Made From Fresh Fruits And Vegetable Recipes
Secret To A Vibrant And Healthy Lifestyle
That You Can Find Easily At The Comfort Of Your Kitchen.

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

References

(1) Protective effects of astaxanthin on ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis by the JNK/p-JNK pathway-mediated inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis by Li J1, Xia Y1, Liu T1, Wang J1, Dai W1, Wang F1, Zheng Y1, Chen K1, Li S1, Abudumijiti H1, Zhou Z2, Wang J2, Lu W2, Zhu R2, Yang J1,Zhang H3, Yin Q3, Wang C1, Zhou Y3, Lu J1, Zhou Y1, Guo C1.(PubMed)

(2) Retinoic acid stabilizes antigen-specific regulatory T-cell function in autoimmune hepatitis type 2. by Holder BS1, Grant CR2, Liberal R3, Ma Y2, Heneghan MA2, Mieli-Vergani G4, Vergani D2, Longhi MS5.(PubMed)

(3) [Successful treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia complicated with autoimmune hepatitis-induced portal hypertension with all-trans retinoic acid].[Article in Japanese] by Ushiki T1, Nikkuni K, Yoshida C, Shibasaki Y, Ishikawa T, Masuko M, Takai K.(PubMed)

(4) Nutritional status of patients with biliary atresia and autoimmune hepatitis related to serum levels of vitamins A, D and E by Saron ML1, Godoy HT, Hessel G.(PubMed)

(5) Oxidant stress in type I autoimmune hepatitis: the link between necroinflammation and fibrogenesis? by Pemberton PW1, Aboutwerat A, Smith A, Burrows PC, McMahon RF, Warnes TW.(PubMed)

(6) Pathophysiological basis for antioxidant therapy in chronic liver disease by Medina J1, Moreno-Otero R.(PubMed)

(7) The Protective Effect of Resveratrol on Concanavalin-A-Induced Acute Hepatic Injury in Mice. by Zhou Y1, Chen K1, He L1, Xia Y1, Dai W1, Wang F1, Li J1, Li S1, Liu T1, Zheng Y1, Wang J2, Lu W2, Yin Q3, Zhou Y3, Lu J1, Teng H4, Guo C1.(PubMed)

Most Common Diseases of Men of 50Plus - Testosterone Deficiency - The Herbal medicine

Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica): The Individual herbs - Valerian

3. Valerian
Valerian is a perennial flowering plant, in the genus Valeriana, belongings to the family Valerianaceae, native to Europe and parts of Asia used in traditional herbal medicine as a sedative and relaxing agent and to treat the liver, the urinary tract, the digestive tract problem, nerve conditions, etc.,...According to the University of Peshawar, Valerian expressed anti inflammatory effect on the acute and chronic phase inflammation models in male Wistar rats, on dose dependant manner(202), particular in crude extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg at all observed durations(203).

According to the University of Washington, Valerian may be used as sedative in reduced sleep(200) disturbance of patients induced fatigue(201) with inflammatory rheumatic pain(200).

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(200) A feasibility study of valerian extract for sleep disturbance in person with arthritis by Taibi DM1, Bourguignon C, Gill Taylor A.(PubMed)
(201) Non-pharmacological interventions for fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis by Cramp F1, Hewlett S, Almeida C, Kirwan JR, Choy EH, Chalder T, Pollock J, Christensen R.(PubMed)

(202) Anti-inflammatory activity of the topical preparation of Valeriana wallichii and Achyranthes aspera leaves by Khuda F1, Iqbal Z, Khan A, Zakiullah, Nasir F, Shah Y.(PubMed)
(203) Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of leaf extract of Valeriana wallichii DC by Khuda F1, Iqbal Z, Zakiullah, Khan A, Nasir F.(PubMed)

Most Common Diseases of 50Plus:The Research and Studies of Coronary heart disease - The Do`s and Do not`s list

Cardiovascular disease is defined as medical conditions affecting the cardiovascular system, including heart, blood vessels(arteries and veins).

Beside cancer, heart disease kills more than 2,000 Americans everyday. Approximately 60 million Americans have heart disease.
There are many causes of heart diseases. Most of heart diseases are caused by high blood pressure contributes to hardening of the arteries. High levels of bad cholesterol (LDL) build up in the arteries as a result of uncontrolled diet with high levels of saturated fat and trans fat. All these add to the formation of atherosclerosis lesions and eventually arterial blockage or anything that serves to damage the inner lining of blood vessels and impedes the transportation of oxygen and nutrition to the heart can be defined as a risk of heart disease.

Coronary heart disease
Coronary heart disease is defined as a condition of narrowing coronary arteries that lead to blockage of the blood flow in the arteries as a result of hardening arterial wall, cholesterol building up in the arteries, chemicals, such as cadmium clog up arteries, etc. affecting the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in the United States.

The Do`s and Do not`s list

1. Healthy diet
In the study to compare two strategies for atherosclerosis treatment: drugs and healthy lifestyle, found that Statins act mainly as lipid-lowering drugs but pleiotropic actions are also present. Healthy lifestyle, on the other hand, is effective and inexpensive and has no harmful effects. Five items are associated with lower cardiac risk: non-smoking, BMI ≤25, regular exercise (30 min/day), healthy diet (fruits, vegetables, low-saturated fat, and 5-30 g alcohol/day)(31).
a. Low intake of saturated and trans fats
Saturated and trans fats raise your low-density lipoprotein (LDL), or “bad,” cholesterol level, as it can cause clot up and hardening arterial wall, thus increasing the risk of cardiovascular risk and mortality(27).

d. Increase intake fish and olive oil
Studies indicate that the use of fish oil is associated with coronary heart diseaserisk reduction. A number of mechanisms may be responsible for such effects. These include prevention of arrhythmias as well as lowering heart rate and blood pressure, decreasing platelet aggregation, and lowering triglyceride levels. The latter is accomplished by decreasing the production of hepatic triglycerides and increasing the clearance of plasma triglycerides(28). Other researchers indicated that in both sexes consumption of olive oil and vegetable oil was inversely associated with serum cholesterol and glucose levels and systolic blood pressure(29).

c. High amount intake of in fiber
Consumption of dietary fiber from cereals and fruits is inversely associated with risk of coronary heart disease. In a study of over 6 to 10 years of follow-up, 5249 incident total coronary cases and 2011 coronary deaths occurred among 91058 men and 245186 women. After adjustment for demographics, body mass index, and lifestyle factors, each 10-g/d increment of energy-adjusted and measurement error-corrected total dietary fiber was associated with a 14% (relative risk [RR], 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-0.96) decrease in risk of all coronaryevents and a 27% (RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.61-0.87) decrease in risk of coronarydeath. For cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intake (not error corrected), RRs corresponding to 10-g/d increments were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.77-1.07), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.70-0.99), and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.88-1.13), respectively, for all coronary events and 0.75 (95% CI, 0.63-0.

Fiber is found in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. A fiber-rich diet not only helps lower your LDL cholesterol level, but also provides nutrients that may help protect against CHD(30).

d. Low intake of salt and sugar
d.1. Manage your blood pressure and reduce intake of salt, beverage and sugar
The worldwide increase in the incidence of metabolic syndrome correlates with marked increase in total fructose intake in the form of high-fructose corn syrup, beverage and table sugar. Increased dietary fructose intake in rodents has been shown to recapitulate many aspects of metabolic syndrome by causinghypertension, insulin resistance and hyperlipidaemia(32).

d.2. Prevent weight gain and control diabetes and prediabetes
In the study to test a 16-week group-based weight reduction intervention combining exercise, diet and behaviour change strategies aimed to increase self-efficacy (Healthy Eating and Exercise Lifestyle Program-HEELP) on weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and exercise, found that The HEELP resulted inweight loss and improved exercise behaviour in obese people with CHD and T2DM(33).

d.3. Mediterranean style low-carb diet
The best approach to the dietary prevention of CVD is a Mediterranean style low-carb diet represented in the LOGI pyramid. Dietary guidelines for the prevention of CVD should to be revised accordingly(34).

2. Moderate exercise
Intensive exercise is not healthy for any age as it lowers the immune function prone for disease invasion, especially to elder. Moderate exercise enhances the blood flow and immune function, thus protecting again diseases and reducing the risk of progression of chronic diseases. Although most health organizations agree that 150 min . wk(-1) of physical activity will reduce the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, few randomized, controlled studies have examined whether completing more physical activity than the recommended amount will yield additional benefits. Findings from the present study suggest that there is a dose-response relationship between exercise duration and numerous health outcomes in postmenopausal women, including cardiorespiratory fitness, body mass, body composition, waist circumference, and HDL-C(35).

3. Maintaining a healthy weight
Over weight or obesity can cause increased risk of coronary heart diseases. Dr. Park YS and Dr. Kim JS. at the Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine showed thjat WC is associated with increased CHD risk regardless of the level of BMI. Men with normal BMI and obese WC tend to be associated with CHD risk than those with obese BMI and obese WC(36).

4. Quitting smoking
Prevalence of smoking is increasing in women in some populations and is a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Whether mechanisms underlying the sex difference in risk of coronary heart disease are biological or related to differences in smoking behaviour between men and women is unclear. Tobacco-control programmes should consider women, particularly in those countries wheresmoking among young women is increasing in prevalence(37).

5. Moderate consumption of Green tea, coffee and alcohol
Regular consumption of moderate quantities of coffee and (green) tea seems to be associated with a small protection against CAD, results from randomized clinical trials about their beneficial effects are less evident. As for other diffuse consumption habits, such as that of alcohol, moderation is the key word. In fact, both for coffee and chocolate, the optimal healthy effects on CAD have been observed to be associated with a moderate intake, while healthy outcomes vanish at heavy consumption(38).

6. Managing stress
Music listening may have a beneficial effect on blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, anxiety, and pain in persons with CHD. However, the quality of the evidence is not strong and the clinical significance unclear. Most studies examined the effects of listening to pre-recorded music. More research is needed on the effects of music offered by a trained music therapist(39). Other researchers in the study to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients referred to a cardiology outpatient clinic for performing the stress test suggested that the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms was estimated to be 42% and 31%, respectively, in the total chest pain population. Males with abnormal test were depressed but females experienced more anxiety symptoms. Patients with negative tests had significantly higher scores for anxiety and higher depression scores than those with positive tests. Eleven percent of the patients with positive tests were women and 23% were men(40).

7. Say No drug
There is a report of a 31 year old man with a 17-year-history of drug abuse (heroine and cannabis) was admitted with recurrent chest pain over a period of about three weeks. Chest discomfort severely worsened during the 5 hours before hospital admission. Electrocardiography revealed poor R-wave progression and non specific repolarization abnormalities. Echocardiography showed extensive left ventricular anterior and apical wall motion abnormalities and a ventricular thrombus located at the apex of the left ventricle was present. Subsequently, a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome was made(41).

8. Relaxation
In the study to observe the effect of regular yogic practices and self-discipline in reducing body fat and elevated lipids in CAD patients, showed that Reduction of SBP, DBP, heart rate, body fat%, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL after regular yogic practices is beneficial for cardiac and hypertensive patients. Therefore yogic practices included in this study are helpful for the patients ofcoronary artery disease(42).

9. Etc.
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References