Medical Advisor Journals

Monday, July 11, 2016

Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Chinese Herbs - Ge gan or Ge Hua ( Radix Puerariae)

Ge gan or Ge Hua ( Radix Puerariae)

Ge Gen is also known as Kudzuvine Root. The acrid, sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as anti-arrhythmia, anti cancers, anti-oxidation, anti platelet coagulation, etc. and to lower blood sugar, relax the blood vessels, improve memory, treat diarrhea, etc., as it raises Yang; clears Heat, promotes generation of Body Fluids, etc., by enhancing the functions of spleen and stomach channels.

Ingredients
1. 7-xyloside puerarin
2. Formononetin
3. Genistein
4. Methylpuerarin
5. Daidzein
6. Daidzin
7. Puerarin
8. Puerarin-7-xyloside
9. Xylopueratin
10 Miroestrol
11. Sophoradiol
12. Soyasapogenols A, B,
13. Cantoniensistriol
14. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Cardiovascular disease
In the investigation of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (Danshen) and Puerariae Lobatae Radix (Gegen), two principal herbsused in combination for treating cardiovascular disease, found that Danshen and Gegen in the ratio of 7:3 (DGW) significantly inhibited A7r5 proliferation and exhibited G1/S cell cycle arrest by suppressing both p-ERK and cyclin D expression. Moreover, DGW showed anti-migratory effect against PDGF-induced A7r5 migration. In addition, DGW inhibited the cell adhesion as well as the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, the production of MCP-1 but not IL-6 in TNF-α stimulated HUVECs, according to “Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix and Puerariae Lobatae Radix herbal formula mediates anti-atherosclerosis by modulating key atherogenic events both in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells” by Koon CM, Woo KS, Leung PC, Fung KP.(1).

2. Cytoprotective effect
In the investigation of Danshen-Gegen (DG) Decoction, an herbal formulation containing Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and Radix Puerariae lobatae, used for the treatment of coronary artery disease in Chinese medicine, found that DG extract increased the production of cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, which was accompanied by the concomitant activation of ERK1/2 and PKCε. The DG-induced ERK1/2 activation was followed by the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol to the mitochondria accompanied by an increase in the expression of glutathione-related antioxidant proteins, according to “Danshen-Gegen decoction protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition via the redox-sensitive ERK/Nrf2 and PKCε/mKATP pathways in H9c2 cardiomyocytes” byChiu PY, Leung HY, Leong PK, Chen N, Zhou L, Zuo Z, Lam PY, Ko KM.(2).

3. Anti-hypertensive effect
In the investigation of an aqueous extract comprising Danshen and Gegen in the ratio of 7:3 (DG) for its anti-hypertension in vivo and vasodilative activities ex vivo, found that For in vivo study, systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in DG extract-treated groups (90.2 and 300 mg/kg) as compared with the SHR control in both preventive and therapeutic studies. However, DG extract was unable to suppress or delay the onset of hypertension in the preventive study. For ex vivo study, the results showed that DG extract induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in aorta and persisted response was observed with the removal of endothelium. Besides, pretreatment with a non-selective potassium channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium (TEA) also significantly inhibited DG extract-induced vasodilation, according to “The anti-hypertensive effect of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) and Gegen (Pueraria lobata) formula in rats and its underlying mechanisms of vasorelaxation” by Ng CF, Koon CM, Cheung DW, Lam MY, Leung PC, Lau CB, Fung KP.(3).

4. Hair growth
In the investigation of the crude extract from Puerariae Flos (the flowers of Pueraria thomsonii) and its inhibitory activity on testosterone 5α-reductase, found that Puerariae Radix (roots of Pueraria lobata), found that The 50% ethanolic extract of Puerariae Flos (PF-ext) showed inhibitory activity of 60.2% at 500 μg/ml against testosterone 5α-reductase. Interestingly, it was more potent than that of Puerariae Radix (roots of Pueraria lobata). PF-ext also showed in vivo anti-androgenic activity using a hair growth assay in testosterone-sensitive male C57Black/6NCrSlc strain mice. We demonstrated saponins, including soyasaponin I and kaikasaponin III, to be active components in PF-ext. In addition, hair growth promotion activity in C3H/He mice at 2 mg/mouse/day of the topical administration of PF-ext was demonstrated. Thus, Puerariae Flos is a promising crude drug for treating androgenic alopecia, according to “Inhibitory activities of Puerariae Flos against testosterone 5α-reductase and its hair growth promotion activities” by Murata K, Noguchi K, Kondo M, Onishi M, Watanabe N, Okamura K, Matsuda H.(4).

5. Anti diabetic effect
In the assessment of KIOM-79 is a mixture of 80% ethanol extracts of parched Puerariae radix, gingered Magnoliae cortex, Glycyrrhizae radix and Euphorbiae radix, and it preventive effect on the development of diabetic keratopathy, found that KIOM-79 exhibited corneal protective properties by not only reducing oxidative stress but inhibiting the AGEs/NF-κB downstream signal pathway during the development of diabetic keratopathy, according to “Protection against advanced glycation end products and oxidative stress during the development of diabetic keratopathy by KIOM-79″ by Kim J, Kim CS, Kim H, Jeong IH, Sohn E, Kim JS.(5).

6. Alzheimer’s disease (AD)
In the investigation of the protective effects of puerarin, an isoflavone purified from Chinese herb radix of Pueraria lobata, on viability, endogenous ROS and intracellular signaling pathways, found that SAD cybrids had increased apoptosis and increased accumulation of ROS that was inhibited by puerarin. Western blotting demonstrated that SAD cybrids had increased basal activation of the caspase-3, p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) that were inhibited by puerarin. Puerarin was also found to decrease Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. These results suggest that expression of SAD mitochondrial genes in cybrids activates oxidative-stress-related signaling pathways and reduces viability, and that the protective effects of puerarin inhibit oxidative-stress-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which blocks the activation of JNK, p38 and caspase-3, according to “Puerarin protects Alzheimer’s disease neuronal cybrids from oxidant-stress induced apoptosis by inhibiting pro-death signaling pathways” by Zhang H, Liu Y, Lao M, Ma Z, Yi X.(6).

7. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb if you are experience symptoms of instant sweating in summer
2. Ge gan can cause certain allergic effects
3. Overdoses can cause digestive discomfort and in some cases damage the digestive system
4. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without consulting first with the related field specialist.
5. Etc.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21924338
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21899994
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21855622
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21822606
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21401604
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20933077

The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: TCM Herbal Medicine for Kidney Yin deficiency - Reishi mushroom

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovascular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cancer(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasingaltered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).

Management and Treatment according to Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective

While conventional medicine focus of using synthetic medication to induce ovulation and assisted artificial insemination for infertility couple, if the medicine fail, traditional Chinese medicine views polycystic ovarian syndrome in different approaches.

Polycystic ovary syndrome, according to traditional Chinese medicine is a medical condition characterized by accumulative of fluid over a prolonged period of time causes of dampness and phlegms(1247a)(1247b) build up on the ovaries due to the effects of vary differentiations, affecting not only the women’s menstrual cycle, but also ovulation and fertility(1247a)(1247b).

Depending to differentiation, most common diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome can be classified into

Kidney yin deficiency

Along with common symptoms mentioned above, women with PCOs diagnosed with kidney yin deficiency may also experience yin vacuity induced cold expressive syndrome, including soreness of waist and knees(1848), lassitude(1848) and fatigue(1848), short breath(1848), poor appetite(1848), aversion to cold(184), cold extremities(1848), ringing in the ears(1850), migraine(1849), hearing problems(1850), a dry mouth and throat(1851), pale fingernails(1851), tidal fever(1851)and night sweating(1851), soles(1851) and chest(1851), constipation(1852),,......... as the kidneys no longer perform their functions of regulating fluid in moistening and nourishing organs and tissues of the body. According to TCM, too much cold/raw foods can aggravate the condition.

In the review of the Data base provided by PubMed, kidney yin deficiency may induce functional impairment or metabolic derangements in vital organs/tissues(1853) persuaded a conglomeration of sundry chronic disease state(1853), cognitive dysfunction(1854), vasomotor symptoms(1855),..... leading to accumulation of fluid in the body organ, promoted accentuation of inflammatory development of phlegm.
Kidney yin deficiency has shown to alter amino acid metabolism(1856), energy metabolism(1856) and gut microflora(1856), anovulatory infertility(1857) and
hypertension(1858), hyperinsulinemia(1859) and hyperandrogenia(1859)..... of which related to symptoms of PCOs(1859).

Herbal medicine for Kidney yin deficiency

5. Reishi mushroom
Reishi mushroom or Lingzhi is a fungal species in the genus Ganoderma, belongings to the family Ganodermataceae, native to Asia. The herb has been use in traditional medicine as anti-cancers(2004)uro protective(2005)(2006) and anti inflammatory(2007)(2008), antioxidant(2010)(2013)(2011), neuro protective(2009)(2012) agent and to enhance immune function(2014)(2015), treat liver injury(2016)(2018) and diseases(2017)(2018), protect against neuron degeneration(2019)(2020),..... by enhancing the functions of Lung, Kidney, Liver, Heart, Spleen, Stomach. channels(2021).

Chemical constituents(2021)
1. Ganodermic acid G
2. Lucidone A
3. Fungal lysozyme
4. Pachymic acid C
5. Stellasterol
6. Polyporenic acid
7. Pterocarpin
8. Trifolirhizin
9. Kuraridin
10. Kuraridinol
11. Oxalic acid
12. Etc.

Epidemiological studies suggested that reishi mushroom may be used for prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome(2022)(2023) and its complications of diabetes(2022)(2024) and cardiovascular disease(2022)(2023)(2024) due its effects on fasting glucose(2028)(2029), insulin sensitve(2029)(2030), lipid abnormality(2031), hypertensive(2032)(2033), anti hyperglycaemic(2010)(2024)(2025), anti hyperlipidemic(2026)(2027), weight control(2034)(2035), obesity(2036).

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
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(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O1.(PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF1, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(PubMed)
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(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R1, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(PubMed)
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(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK1, Katalenich B2, Nagireddy P3, Chabbra P4, Kuhadiya N5, Fonseca V1.(PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG1, Pupovci HL1, Berisha VL1, Goçi AU2, Gerqari A3.(PubMed)
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(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H1, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women WithPolycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD1, Butz DE2, Dashti H3, Tonelli M3, Johnson LK1, Cook ME2, Porter WP4, Eghbalnia HR5, Markley JL6, Lindheim SR7, Schoeller DA8, Abbott DH9, Assadi-Porter FM10.(PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA1, Azizia MM1, Hardiman PJ2.(PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M1, Kjaer SK2, Jensen A1, Munk C1, Mellemkjaer L3.(PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E1.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E1, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(1246) [Clinical study of area of Jiangsu province of polycystic ovarian syndrome correlation distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type and improper diet]. [Article in Chinese] by Feng Y, Gao YP.(PubMed)
(1247) [Preliminary study on relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom of ovulatory disorder infertility based on factor analysis]. [Article in Chinese] by Li M, Ma K, Shan, J.(PubMed)
(1247a) A Comprehensive Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) byLiqin Zhao(1848) ontrolled trail on moxibustion for maintenance hemodialysis patients in deficiency syndrome]. [Article in Chinese] Li N1, Qiu MY, Hao JR, Zhang QM, Wang SH, Liang F, Yin Y, Luan J, Ge GZ, Qin T, Li BQ.(PubMed)

(1848) ontrolled trail on moxibustion for maintenance hemodialysis patients in deficiency syndrome]. [Article in Chinese] Li N1, Qiu MY, Hao JR, Zhang QM, Wang SH, Liang F, Yin Y, Luan J, Ge GZ, Qin T, Li BQ.(PubMed)
(1849) [Observation on therapeutic effect of the new Bianshi (stone needle) therapy on migraine]. [Article in Chinese] Yin ZJ1, Yan YJ, Bao HL(PubMed)
(1850) [Study on relation of kidney-deficiency with hearing damage and serum trace elements in patients with chronic nephropathy]. [Article in Chinese] by Yu J1, Xu Y, Fu XD.(PubMed)
(1851) [A family survey of syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine in patients with beta-thalassemia]. [Article in Chinese] by Wang WJ1, Wu ZK, Zhang XH, Liu WJ, Liu YM, Fang SP, Wang RX, Zhang C, Li PP, Luo RG.(PubMed)
(1852) The clinical experiences of Dr. CAI Gan in treating chronic constipation by Zhang ZL1, Zhu MP, Liu Q, Lei YX.(PubMed)
(1853) [Analysis of 35 cases of pathology in yin deficiency syndrome]. [Article in Chinese] by Dai HL, Chen ZL, Song QL.(PubMed)
(1854) Liuwei Dihuang decoction facilitates the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in senescence accelerated mouse/prone 8 (SAMP8) hippocampal slices by inhibiting voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) and promoting N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA) receptors by Huang Y1, Zhang H, Yang S, Qiao H, Zhou W, Zhang Y.(PubMed)
(1855) Diagnosis of symptomatic postmenopausal women by traditional Chinese medicine practitioners by Zell B1, Hirata J, Marcus A, Ettinger B, Pressman A, Ettinger KM.(PubMed)
(1856) An integrated metabonomic and proteomic study on Kidney-Yin Deficiency Syndrome patients with diabetes mellitus in China by Jiang N1, Liu HF2, Li SD1, Zhou WX1, Zhang YX1, Zhang Q3, Yan XZ3.(PubMed)
(1857) [Preliminary study on relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom of ovulatory disorder infertility based on factor analysis]. [Article in Chinese] by Li M, Ma K, Shan J.(PubMed)
(1858) Traditional chinese medicine syndromes for essential hypertension: a literature analysis of 13,272 patients by Wang J1, Xiong X1, Liu W1.(PubMed)
(1859) [Clinical observation on treatment of hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism anovulatory patient with replenishing kidney-yin drugs]. [Article in Chinese] by Zhou LR1, Yu J.(PubMed)
(2004) Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi mushroom) for cancer treatment by Jin X1, Ruiz Beguerie J, Sze DM, Chan GC.(PubMed)
(2005) Ganoderma lucidum inhibits proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells by suppressing VEGF expression and up-regulating the expression of connexin 43 by Dai S1, Liu J, Sun X, Wang N.(PubMed)
(2006) Suppression of proliferation and oxidative stress by extracts of Ganoderma lucidum in the ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR-3 by Hsieh TC1, Wu JM.(PubMed)
(2007) Anti-tumor effects of Ganoderma lucidum (reishi) in inflammatory breast cancer in in vivo and in vitro models by Suarez-Arroyo IJ1, Rosario-Acevedo R, Aguilar-Perez A, Clemente PL, Cubano LA, Serrano J, Schneider RJ, Martínez-Montemayor MM.(PubMed)
(2008) Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) inhibits cancer cell growth and expression of key molecules in inflammatory breast cancer by Martínez-Montemayor MM1, Acevedo RR, Otero-Franqui E, Cubano LA, Dharmawardhane SF.(PubMed)
(2009) Neurometabolic Effect of Altaian Fungus Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi Mushroom) in Rats Under Moderate Alcohol Consumption by Shevelev OB1, Akulov AE1, Dotsenko AS2, Kontsevaya GV1, Zolotykh MA2, Gerlinskaya LA1, Veprev SG1, Goryachkovskaya TN1, Zhukova NA3, Kolchanov NA1,3, Pel'tek SE1, Moshkin MP1,2,4(PubMed)
(2010) Antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of a novel proteoglycan from ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies on db/db mice and the possible mechanism by Pan D1, Zhang D, Wu J, Chen C, Xu Z, Yang H, Zhou P.(PubMed)
(2011) Structural characterization and antioxidative activity of low-molecular-weights beta-1,3-glucan from the residue of extracted Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies by Kao PF1, Wang SH, Hung WT, Liao YH, Lin CM, Yang WB.(PubMed)
(2012) Neuroprotective effect of preadministration with Ganoderma lucidum spore on rat hippocampus by Zhou Y1, Qu ZQ, Zeng YS, Lin YK, Li Y, Chung P, Wong R, Hägg U.(PubMed)
(2013) Determination of the antioxidant activity and polyphenol contents of wild Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt. Fr.) P. Karst. (higher Basidiomycetes) from central Himalayan hills of India by Mohsin M1, Negi P, Ahmed Z.(PubMed)
(2014) Immuno-modulatory activity of Ganoderma lucidum-derived polysacharide on human monocytoid dendritic cells pulsed with Der p 1 allergen by Jan RH1, Lin TY, Hsu YC, Lee SS, Lo SY, Chang M, Chen LK, Lin YL.(PubMed)
(2015) Optimization extraction of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides and its immunity and antioxidant activities. Pan K1, Jiang Q, Liu G, Miao X, Zhong D.(PubMed)
(2016) In vitro and in vivo protective effects of proteoglycan isolated from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury by Yang XJ1, Liu J, Ye LB, Yang F, Ye L, Gao JR, Wu ZH.(PubMed)
(2017) Hepatoprotective effects of mushrooms by Soares AA1, de Sá-Nakanishi AB, Bracht A, da Costa SM, Koehnlein EA, de Souza CG, Peralta RM.(PubMed)
(2018) Hepatoprotective effects of aqueous extract from Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (higher basidiomycetes) on α-amanitin-induced liver injury in mice by Wu X1, Zeng J, Hu J, Liao Q, Zhou R, Zhang P, Chen Z.(PübMed)
(2019) Antagonizing beta-amyloid peptide neurotoxicity of the anti-aging fungus Ganoderma lucidum by Lai CS1, Yu MS, Yuen WH, So KF, Zee SY, Chang RC.(PubMed)
(2020) Neuroprotective effects of anti-aging oriental medicine Lycium barbarum against beta-amyloid peptide neurotoxicit by Yu MS1, Leung SK, Lai SW, Che CM, Zee SY, So KF, Yuen WH, Chang RC.(PubMed)
(2021) Ling zhi(Complementary and Alternative Healing University)
(2022) Pharmacophore-based discovery of FXR-agonists. Part II: identification of bioactive triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum by Grienke U1, Mihály-Bison J, Schuster D, Afonyushkin T, Binder M, Guan SH, Cheng CR, Wolber G, Stuppner H, Guo DA, Bochkov VN, Rollinger JM.(PubMed)
(2023) Effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract on adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin gene expression in the murine pre-adipocyte cell line, 3T3-L1. by Shimojo Y1, Kosaka K, Shirasawa T.(PubMed)
(2024) Ganoderma lucidum mushroom for the treatment of cardiovascular risk factors by Klupp NL1, Chang D, Hawke F, Kiat H, Cao H, Grant SJ, Bensoussan A.(PubMed)
(2025) Antihyperglycemic effect of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice by Li F1, Zhang Y, Zhong Z.(PubMed)
(2026) Isolation and structure determination of a cholesterol esterase inhibitor from Ganoderma lucidum by Kim SD1.(PubMed)
(2027) Effect of 26-oxygenosterols from Ganoderma lucidum and their activity as cholesterol synthesis inhibitors by Hajjaj H1, Macé C, Roberts M, Niederberger P, Fay LB.(PubMed)
(2028) Hypoglycemic effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in type 2 diabetic mice by Xiao C1, Wu QP, Cai W, Tan JB, Yang XB, Zhang JM.(PubMed)

(2029) Effect of astragaloside IV on hepatic glucose-regulating enzymes in diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin by Lv L1, Wu SY, Wang GF, Zhang JJ, Pang JX, Liu ZQ, Xu W, Wu SG, Rao JJ.(PubMed)
(2030) Effect of geniposide, a hypoglycemic glucoside, on hepatic regulating enzymes in diabetic mice induced by a high-fat diet and streptozotocin by Wu SY1, Wang GF, Liu ZQ, Rao JJ, Lü L, Xu W, Wu SG, Zhang JJ.(PubMed)
(2031) Treatment of glomerular endothelial dysfunction in steroid-resistant nephrosis with Ganoderma lucidum, vitamins C, E and vasodilators by Futrakul N1, Boonyen M, Patumraj S, Siriviriyakul P, Tosukhowong P, Futrakul P.(PubMed)
(2032) Wound healing activity of an aqueous extract of the Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (higher Basidiomycetes) by Gupta A1, Kirar V1, Keshri GK1, Gola S1, Yadav A1, Negi PS2, Misra K3.(PubMed)
(2033) Anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) proteins from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) by P. Karst. Mohamad Ansor N1, Abdullah N, Aminudin N.(PubMed)
(2034) Development of Lingzhi or Reishi medicinal mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum (Higher Basidiomycetes) polysaccharides injection formulation by Jiang Y1, He A2, Liu Y3, Xie B1, Li Y4, Deng Y5, Liu X5, Liu Q6.(PubMed)
(2035) Changes in weight gain, faecal oocyst count and packed cell volume of Eimeria tenella-infected broilers treated with a wild mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) aqueous extract by Ogbe AO1, Atawodi SE, Abdu PA, Sannusi A, Itodo AE.(PubMed)
(2036) [Role of phytotherapy in the prevention and treatment of obesity]. [Article in Hungarian] by Balázs A1.(PubMed)

Women Health: Menstrual Disorder - Dysmenorrhea - Symptoms Of Dampness Wind Pattern In TCM perspective

Wind is defined as a condition of qi obstruction in the body, it has a tendency to move upward attacking the upper body organs, but sometimes due to dampness, it moves downward to attack the joints and abdomen. Dampness is a result of the inability of the kidney in fluid distribution.

The Symptoms

Symptoms of damp wind pattern include:
1. Abdominal cramps and pain, a few days before or during menstruation
As the yang phase comes to an end, yang drops to support the shedding of the uterine lining, if pregnancy does not occur. Rebellion wind moves downward and dampness cools the uterus, leading to an abnormal contraction of uterus muscles, causing menstrual cramps and pain.
2. Menstrual flow scanty in amount
If the wind moves the qi upward, it effects the liver in blood formation, leading to blood blockage in some organs other than the reproductive system, resulting in scanty menstrual flow.
3. Period with dark color and clots
Since the uterus is cooler than normal as a result of the plummet of yang qi in preparing for the shedding of the uterus lining, the accumulation of dampness in the reproductive organs caused by kidney yang deficiency generates damp heat, leading to period with dark color and clots.
4. Pale tongue with white and greasy fur
Pale tongue is normally viewed as a yang deficiency. In this case, as the level of yang drops with high humility, blood circulation is distorted, leading to symptoms of pale tongue with white and greasy fur.
5. Deep and tense pulse
It is caused by a blockage of qi and blood due to insufficiency of yang, leading to slow movement of blood.

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

The Obesity' Research and Studies of Hypocaloric dietary intervention implemented in a school of obese children

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

The Studies of Hypocaloric dietary intervention implemented in a school of obese children

In the study to examine whether a protein-sparing modified fast diet and a hypocaloric balanced diet are effective in a clinic-based dietary intervention implemented in a school setting high-risk weight loss program for superobese (> or = 140% of their ideal body weight for height [IBW] children of
12 superobese children placed on a 2520 to 3360 J (600 to 800 Cal) protein-sparing modified fast diet. showed that at 6 months the 12 superobese children on protein-sparing modified fast diet had a significant weight loss from baseline (-5.6 +/- 7.1 kg, ANOVA p < 0.02); a significant decrease in percentage IBW (-24.3 +/- 20%, ANOVA p < 0.002); and had positive growth velocity Z-score (1.3 +/- 1.6, ANOVA p < 0.05). Six children were not superobese at 6 months. At 6 months eight of 12 children were active participants and 11 of 12 children were followed. Decrease in blood pressure, as well as, downward trends in serum lipids were observed at 6 months. No clinical complications were observed. At 6 months, the 7 control superobese children, when compared with baseline had gained weight (2.8 +/- 3.1 kg, ANOVA p < 0.008); but had no significant change in percentage IBW (-0.3 +/- 5.9%, ANOVA p = 0.61); and had no changes in growth velocity Z-score (0.1 +/- 1.3, ANOVA p = 0.83). These children did not have any change in blood pressure and an upward trend in serum lipids were observed at 6 months. Protein-sparing modified fast diet and a hypocaloric balanced diet appear to be effective in a group of superobese-school-age children in a medically supervised clinic-based program implemented in a school setting over a 6-month period. The efforts of committed clinic staffs, school officials, peers, and family involvement were crucial to the success of this intervention program in promoting and maintaining weight loss over a 6-month period(1).

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(1) "Feasibility of a clinic-based hypocaloric dietary intervention implemented in a school setting for obese children" by Figueroa-Colon R, Franklin FA, Lee JY, von Almen TK, Suskind RM.

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General Health: Angina pectoris - The Types, Symptoms, Causes and Risk Factors

The Causes and risk factors

A. Causes
A.1. Stable angina
Physical exertion is the most common cause of stable angina as a result of severely narrowed arteries of that interfere with the blood flow to the heart.

A.2. Unstable angina
Unstable angina is a condition of blood clots causes of partially or totally block of an artery as a result of rupture of an artery. If severe case, large blood clot can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases,
Blood clots may form, partially dissolve, and later form again. Angina can occur each time a clot blocks an artery.

B. Risk factors
1. Cigarette smoking
Men who are smokers are at higher risk to develop angina. According to the study of Framingham Heart Study, posted by Harvard University, indicated that those less than 60 years of age at angina onset who were nonsmokers or quitters during follow-up had a definite prognostic advantage over similarly aged continuing smokers. These results could not be explained by differences in coronary risk factors prior to symptom onset or by changes in factors other than smoking during follow-up. The findings suggest that stopping the cigarette smoking habit can improve both short-term and long-term prognosis in the younger patient and angina pectoris(2).

2. Obesity
in the study to evaluate the effects of moderate weight loss, in overweight patients with angina, on plasma coagulation, fibrinolytic indicies and pain frequency, at the University of Glasgow, researchers found that after the 12-week dietary intervention period, mean body weight fell by 3.5 (s.d. 2.6) kg or 4.3% (P=0.0001), range -11.7 to +1.7 kg. Mean angina frequency fell by 1.8 (s.d. 3.6) from 3.2 to 1.4 episodes/week (P=0.009) and plasma cholesterol by 0.4 (s.d. 0.7) from 6.3 to 5.9 mmol/l (P=0.0001). HDL cholesterol and triglyceride were unchanged. Of the coagulation and fibrinolytic factors, factor VII activity and RCA were significantly reduced by 5 (s.d. 20), IU/dl (P=0.04) and 1.3 (s.d. 1.3) arbitrary units (P=0.014), respectively(3).

3. Diabetes
In the study of nineteen diabetic and 25 nondiabetic patients with exertional anginawere exercised on a treadmill to measure anginal perceptual threshold, researchers at the Newham General Hospital found that the diabetic group had a longer anginal perceptual threshold (138 +/- 64 seconds vs 34 +/- 51 seconds, p less than 0.001), which correlated positively with the somatic pain threshold (r = 0.5, p = 0.03); patients with more prolonged anginal perceptual thresholds tended to have higher somatic pain thresholds. In the diabetic group anginal perceptual (r = -0.3, p = NS) and somatic pain (r = -0.4, p = 0.05) thresholds tended to increase as the ratio of peak to minimal heart rate during the Valsalva maneuver fell below 1.21, but these variables were unrelated in the nondiabetic group(4).

4. High cholesterol
According to the study of The Heart Center of Chonnam National University Hospita of 34 stable angina pectoris (SAP) patients showed that these patients had unstable plaques (UPs) (61.6±9.2 years, 24 males, 12.8%). The percentage of plaque area in the minimum luminal area in high low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C)/high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio patients was significantly higher than in low LDL-C/HDL-C ratio patients (72.7±9.5% vs. 69.9±9.3%, p=0.035). An LDL-C/HDL-C ratio >2.0 was an independent predictor for UPs in SAP patients (odds ratio 5.252, 95% confidence interval 1.132-24.372, p=0.034)(5).

5. High blood pressure
Hypertension is associated to increased risk of Angina pectoris. In the study ofManagement of patients with hypertension and angina pectoris, reserachersshowed that in managing the patient with hypertension and angina pectoris, it is important to determine whether the angina occurs in the setting of hypertensive hypertrophic disease alone or coexists with coronary arterial stenoses(6).

6. Sedentary lifestyle and Unhealthy diet
Lifestyle with no or irregular physical activity is associated with increased risk of Angina pectoris. Diet high in saturated and trans fat with less fruits and vegetables enhances the building up of blood cholesterol of that increase the risk of angina.

7. Family history of early heart disease
If you have a family history of early heart disease, you are at higher risk to develop angina pectoris as family history of premature coronary artery disease increase the risk of an imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand that may result of angina.

8. Coronary artery disease
Coronary artery disease can cause decreased blood flow to the coronary arteries from the heart as a result of narrowing of the small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart.

9. Other heart diseases
Increased blood flow for patients with preexisting ischemic heart disease may reduced the risk of angina pertoris, according to the study of Efficacy of early invasive strategy of diagnostics and treatment of unstable angina at the background of preexisting ischemic heart disease, indicated that detection of indications for myocardial revascularization in patients with unstable anginaincluding those at medium and low risk confirms necessity of application of early invasive strategy as conventional strategy ensuring timeliness of pathogenetic treatment. Absence of indications to myocardial revascularization in a limited group of patients gives an opportunity to clarify diagnosis, prescribe drug therapy and prevent unjustified hospitalizations(7)

10. Previous heart attack
Heart attack victims may experience a diversity of symptoms, including chest pain, heaviness, tightness, squeezing, burning, or choking sensation of the chest and pain in the back, neck area, jaw, or shoulders.

11. Age and lower socioeconomic status
According to the study of Dr. Sekhri N, and the research team at the Barts and the London NHS Trust, here is evidence of underutilisation of chest pain clinics by older people and those from lower socioeconomic status. More robust and patient focused administrative pathways need to be developed to detect inequity, correction of which has the potential to substantially reduce coronary mortality(8).

12. Etc.

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7785791
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7058782
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12373626
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2035379
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22563337
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6148886
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22839708
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22700834

Herbal therapy: Popular Herbal Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis)

Marshmallow is a genusAlthaea, belonging to the family Malvaceae, native to Africa. The herb has been used in tradtional medicine as a medicinal plant and ornamental plant in treating irritation of mucus membranes, such as mouth and throat ulcers, and gastric ulcers, cough, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Immunocorrective agents
In determination fo Sorbus sibirica, Calendula officinalis and Althaea officinalisextracts on the humoral immune response and nonspecific resistance of mice, found that these extracts are not inferior to Echinacea purpurea tincture in terms of stimulation of humoral immune response, phagocytic and bactericidal activity of peritoneal macrophages but exceed effect of E. purpurea on phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, according to "[New promising natural immunocorrective agents].[Article in Russian]" by Borsuk OS, Masnaia NV, Sherstoboev EIu, Isaĭkina NV, Kalinkina GI.(1)

2. Irritation of mucous membranes
Aqueous extracts from the roots of Althea officinalis L. (Malvaceae) and its effect on irritated mucosa, found that Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from the roots of A. officinalis are effective stimulators of cell physiology of epithelial cells which can prove the traditional use of Marshmallow preparations for treatment of irritated mucous membranes within tissue regeneration, according to "Aqueous extracts and polysaccharides from Marshmallow roots (Althea officinalis L.): cellular internalisation and stimulation of cell physiology of human epithelial cells in vitro" by Deters A, Zippel J, Hellenbrand N, Pappai D, Possemeyer C, Hensel A.(2)

3. Cough suppressive effect
In the assessment of isolation from the roots of medicinal plant Althaea officinalisL., showed various biological effects on the citric acid-induced cough reflex and reactivity of airways smooth muscle found that On the contrary, pretreatment of animals with selective 5-HT(2) receptors antagonist significantly decreased rhamnogalacturonan antitussive efficacy. From this point of view it seems that the cough suppression effect of the polymer is associated with the serotonergic 5-HT(2) receptor's function, according to "Possible mechanisms of dose-dependent cough suppressive effect of Althaea officinalisrhamnogalacturonan in guinea pigs test system" by Sutovská M, Nosálová G, Sutovský J, Franová S, Prisenznáková L, Capek P.(3)

4. Antibacterial activity
In the evaluation of the antibacterial actions of 16 herbal tinctures and theirs effect on two whole cell Escherichia coli found that Althaea officinalis affected microbial metabolism in spite of the lack of literature precedent, according to "The detection of antibacterial actions of whole herb tinctures using luminescent Escherichia coli" by Watt K, Christofi N, Young R.(4)

5. Antioxidant activity
In the observation of the Antioxidant activity of Eleven polysaccharides isolated from the leaves of of Arctium lappa var. herkules, Aloe barbadensis, Althaeaofficinalis var. robusta, Plantago lanceolata var. libor, aerial parts and roots of Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii, stems of Mahonia aquifolium, and peach-tree (Prunus persica) gum exudates found that the activity of eight polysaccharides ranged from 20 to 45%, while the fructofuranan from P. lanceolata var. libor roots was practically inactive, according to "Antioxidant activity of medicinal plant polysaccharides" by Kardosová A, Machová E.(5)

6. Whitening agent
In the researching a new agent which can inhibit the calcium mobilization found that that an extract of A. officinalis inhibits both the secretion of ET-1 from NHKC and the action of ET-1 on NHMC mainly by suppressing the ET-1-induced calcium mobilization without the modification of IP3 production, which in turn suggests that this extract is a useful ingredient for a whitening agent, accoridng to "Inhibitory mechanism of an extract of Althaea officinalis L. on endothelin-1-induced melanocyte activation" by Kobayashi A, Hachiya A, Ohuchi A, Kitahara T, Takema Y.(6)

7. Etc.

Side effects
1. The liquid form of Marsmallow contains sugar, please consult with your doctor before taking the herb, if you have diabetes.
2. As always, do not use the herb in children, or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without approval of the related field specialist.
3. Etc.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20017400
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19799989
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19447256
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17661335
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16797146
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11853172