Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovascular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cancer(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasingaltered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).
Management and Treatment according to Traditional Chinese Medicine Perspective
While conventional medicine focus of using synthetic medication to induce ovulation and assisted artificial insemination for infertility couple, if the medicine fail, traditional Chinese medicine views polycystic ovarian syndrome in different approaches.
Polycystic ovary syndrome, according to traditional Chinese medicine is a medical condition characterized by accumulative of fluid over a prolonged period of time causes of dampness and phlegms(1247a)(1247b) build up on the ovaries due to the effects of vary differentiations, affecting not only the women’s menstrual cycle, but also ovulation and fertility(1247a)(1247b).
Depending to differentiation, most common diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome can be classified into
Spleen yang deficiency
Spleen yang deficiency is a serve form of spleen qi deficiency, characterized by a condition of inability of spleen in distribution of fluid and nutrient to the body organs, in removal and descend the turbids(2072), causing malfunctions functions of the organs and fluid retention. Prolong period of spleen yang deficiency may induce the development of phlegm, including women with PCOs.
Women with PCOs diagnosed by spleen yang deficiency may also experience yang vacuity impelled cold expression of additional symptoms of abdominal pain(2074), lack of appetite(2076), fatigue(2075), lightheadedness(2075) and headache(2075), weakness of the four limbs(2077), diarrhea(2073)(2076), chilliness(2077), edema(2074), pale, swollen, wet tongue(2076) and weak, slow, deep pulse(2072),....
In the review of the Data base provided by PubMed, spleen qi deficiency may alter certain metabolic pathways, such as the energy, protein, and glycolytic metabolisms(2078), body weight and motor behavior(2079), skeletal muscle function(3080), blood glucose, lipid metabolism and fat-islet axie.(2081),.....
Foods for Spleen yang deficiency
Spleen yang deficiency can be managed and treated in part with a diet of fresh and cooked warming foods.
8. Black pepper
Black pepper is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. According to traditional Chinese medicine, black pepper has been used as anti-platelet(2173) anti cancer(2174)(2175)(2176), antioxidant(2175)(2176). anti inflammatory(2176)(2173), antispasmodic(2177)(2178), laxative(2178) advocate and to improve blood circulation(2179) through lowering blood pressure and inhibition of high K+ precontractions and treat gastrointestinal disorders(2178) including constipation, diarrhea and abdominal pain........., as it enhances the large intestine and stomach channels.
Phytochemical constituents(2180)
1. Piperine and piperitone
2. Sabinene
3. Beta-pinene
4. Limonene
5. Terpinene
6. Alpha-pinene, myrcene
7. Delta3-carene
8. Monoterpene derivatives
9. Sesquiterpene
10. Beta-caryophyllene
11. Humulene
12. Beta-bisabolone
13. Caryophyllene oxide
14. Phenylether
15. Etc.
Piperine, the major chemical compound found in black paper has exhibited anti metabolic syndrome(2181)(2182) and reduced risk of complications of diabetes(2184)(2185)(2189) and cardiovascular disease(2182)(2186) effects on lipid profile(2182)[LDL-non-HDL-C, total cholesterol, triglycerides and Lp(a), and elevating HDL-C concentrations], obesity(2183), glucose intolerance(2183), and oxidative stress(2183), body weight(2187), insulin and leptin sensitivity(2187)
through its antihyperglycemic(2183)(2189) and hypolipidemic(2183)(2188) metabolisms and antioxidant(2188) and anti-inflammatory activities(2181).
References
(1) Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome by Sam S.(
PubMed)
(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(
PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O1.(
PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF1, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(
PubMed)
(5) [Serum levels of anti-muller hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy women of reproductive age].[Article in Bulgarian] by Parahuleva N, Pehlivanov B, Orbecova M, Deneva T, Uchikova E.(
PubMed)
(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R1, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(
PubMed)
(7) The clinical evaluation of hirsutism by Somani N1, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF.(
PubMed)
(8) Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future by Mayer SB1, Evans WS, Nestler JE.(
PubMed)
(9) Association of mean platelet volume with androgens and insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Dogan BA1, Arduc A2, Tuna MM1, Karakılıc E1, Dagdelen I1, Tutuncu Y1, Berker D1, Guler S1.(
PubMed)
(10) Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Yildiz BO1.(
PubMed)
(11) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women by Talbott EO1, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.(
PubMed)
(12) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovak women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities by Figurová J1, Dravecká I, Javorský M, Petríková J, Lazúrová I.(
PubMed)
(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK1, Katalenich B2, Nagireddy P3, Chabbra P4, Kuhadiya N5, Fonseca V1.(
PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG1, Pupovci HL1, Berisha VL1, Goçi AU2, Gerqari A3.(
PubMed)
(15) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N1, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(
PubMed)
(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H1, Deeks A, Moran L.(
PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women WithPolycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD1, Butz DE2, Dashti H3, Tonelli M3, Johnson LK1, Cook ME2, Porter WP4, Eghbalnia HR5, Markley JL6, Lindheim SR7, Schoeller DA8, Abbott DH9, Assadi-Porter FM10.(
PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA1, Azizia MM1, Hardiman PJ2.(
PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M1, Kjaer SK2, Jensen A1, Munk C1, Mellemkjaer L3.(
PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E1.(
PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E1, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(
PubMed)
(1246) [Clinical study of area of Jiangsu province of polycystic ovarian syndrome correlation distribution of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome type and improper diet]. [Article in Chinese] by Feng Y, Gao YP.(
PubMed)
(1247) [Preliminary study on relationship of disease-syndrome-symptom of ovulatory disorder infertility based on factor analysis]. [Article in Chinese] by Li M, Ma K, Shan, J.(PubMed)
(1247a) A Comprehensive Treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) bny by
Liqin Zhao
(2072) Spleen,
Earth
(2073) [Research on building method of spleen kidney Yang deficiency diarrhea rats model]. [Article in Chinese] by Pan X, Hu CJ, Geng YY, Zhao L, Wu WH, Wu XQ, Zhong ZD.(
PubMed)
(2074) Treatment of an elderly patient with acute abdominal pain with traditional Korean medicine by Son CG1.(
PubMed)
(2075) Shenzhu Tiaopi granule combined with lifestyle intervention therapy for impaired glucose tolerance: a randomized controlled trial by Fang Z1, Zhao J2, Shi G3, Shu Y3, Ni Y3, Wang H3, Ding L3, Lu R3, Li J3, Zhu X3, Cheng S4, Zhang X3, Liu Y5, Wang J6, Luo Y3, Fan Q3, Guo C3, Jiang T3, Wu Q3, Fan L3, Ling H3, Cui L3, Luo Y3, Yang H3, Anderson RM7.(
PubMed)
(2075) Direct moxibustion to treat spleen qi and yang deficiency fatigue: a pilot study by Thorne TL1, Hanes DA2, Wild H3, Colbert A4.(
PubMed)
(2076) [Clinical observation on fuzhong (supporting the middle-jiao) manipulation of tuina for infantile anorexia]. [Article in Chinese] by Wang YY, Liu XY.(
PubMed)
(2077) [Effect of umbilicus moxibustion therapy on physical conditions of yang-deficiency volunteers]. [Article in Chinese] by Zhang YY1.(
PubMed)
(2078) Analysis of the restorative effect of Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang in the spleen-qi deficiency rat model using (1)H-NMR-based metabonomics by Zheng XF1, Tian JS2, Liu P3, Xing J1, Qin XM1.(
PubMed)
(2079) [1H NMR based metabolomics study of bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang in the spleen-qi deficiency rat model]. [Article in Chinese] by Chen L, Xiang H, Xing J, Tian JS, Qin XM, Du GH.(
PubMed)
(2080) Bufei Jianpi granules improve skeletal muscle and mitochondrial dysfunction in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by Dong Y1,2, Li Y3,4,5, Sun Y6, Mao J7, Yao F8, Tian Y9, Wang L10, Li L11, Li S12,13,14, Li J15,16,17(P
ubMed)
(2081) [Clinical observation on obesity and hyperlipidemia of liver qi stagnation and spleen deficiency pattern in female patients treated with combined therapy of acupuncture and tapping method]. [Article in Chinese] by Wu B, Liu ZC, Xu B.(
PubMed)
(21773) Piperine inhibits the activities of platelet cytosolic phospholipase A2 and thromboxane A2 synthase without affecting cyclooxygenase-1 activity: different mechanisms of action are involved in the inhibition of platelet aggregation and macrophage inflammatory response by Son DJ1, Akiba S2, Hong JT3, Yun YP4, Hwang SY5, Park YH6, Lee SE7.(
PubMed)
(2174) Piperine, a Bioactive Component of Pepper Spice Exerts Therapeutic Effects on Androgen Dependent and Androgen Independent Prostate Cancer Cells by Samykutty A1, Shetty AV, Dakshinamoorthy G, Bartik MM, Johnson GL, Webb B, Zheng G, Chen A, Kalyanasundaram R, Munirathinam G.(
PubMed)
(2175) Antioxidant potential of spices and their active constituents by Srinivasan K1.(
PubMed)
(2176) Inhibitory effects of black pepper (Piper nigrum) extracts and compounds on human tumor cell proliferation, cyclooxygenase enzymes, lipid peroxidation and nuclear transcription factor-kappa-B by Liu Y1, Yadev VR, Aggarwal BB, Nair MG.(
PubMed)
(2177) Antispasmodic effect of Piper nigrum fruit hot water extract on rat ileum by Naseri MK1, Yahyavi H.(
PubMed)
(2178) Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of black pepper and piperine in gastrointestinal disorders by Mehmood MH1, Gilani AH.(
PubMed)
(2179) Blood pressure lowering and vasomodulator effects of piperine by Taqvi SI1, Shah AJ, Gilani AH.(
PubMed)
(2180) Black pepper(
MDidea)
(2181) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of curcuminoid-piperine combination in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial and an updated meta-analysis by Panahi Y1, Hosseini MS2, Khalili N2, Naimi E2, Majeed M3, Sahebkar A4.(
PubMed)
(2182) Lipid-modifying effects of adjunctive therapy with curcuminoids-piperine combination in patients with metabolic syndrome: results of a randomized controlled trial by Panahi Y1, Khalili N2, Hosseini MS2, Abbasinazari M3, Sahebkar A4.(
PubMed)
(2183) Amelioration of obesity, glucose intolerance, and oxidative stress in high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by combination consisting of "curcumin with piperine and quercetin" byKaur G1, C M.(
PubMed)
(2184) Piperine, a natural bioenhancer, nullifies the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of curcumin in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by Arcaro CA1, Gutierres VO1, Assis RP1, Moreira TF1, Costa PI1, Baviera AM1, Brunetti IL1.(
PubMed)
(2185) Elucidation of the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals with Kir6.2 Wild-Type and Mutant Models Associated in Type-1 Diabetes through Molecular Docking Approach by Jagadeb M1, Konkimalla VB2, Rath SN1, Das RP1.(
PubMed)
(2186) Piperine attenuates cardiovascular, liver and metabolic changes in high carbohydrate, high fat-fed rats by Diwan V1, Poudyal H, Brown L.(
PubMed)
(2187) Mitigating efficacy of piperine in the physiological derangements of high fat diet induced obesity in Sprague Dawley rats by BrahmaNaidu P1, Nemani H2, Meriga B3, Mehar SK4, Potana S2, Ramgopalrao S5.(
PubMed)
(2188) Efficacy of piperine, an alkaloidal constituent from Piper nigrum on erythrocyte antioxidant status in high fat diet and antithyroid drug induced hyperlipidemic rats by Vijayakumar RS1, Nalini N.(
PubMed)
(2189) Screening of antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of oil from Piper longum and piperine with their possible mechanism by Kumar S1, Sharma S, Vasudeva N.(
PubMed)
