Medical Advisor Journals

Wednesday, August 3, 2016

Phytochemicals in Foods - The Effects of Apigenin

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Apigenin

Apigenin (4’,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a flavone or citrus bioflavonoids found in high amounts in fruits, vegetables red wine and tomato sauce and several herbs including parsley, thyme, and peppermint.

Health Benefits
1. Promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells
In the study of non-mutagenic flavonoid apigenin 7-glucoside and its effect in cancer prevention through cancer cell differentiation, found that Apigenin 7-glucoside inhibited HL-60 cell growth, dose- and time-dependently, but did not cause apoptosis. The distribution of cells at different stages in the cell cycle indicated an accumulation of treated cells in G(2)/M phase. Moreover, apigenin 7-glucoside induced granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells, according to "Proteomic study of granulocytic differentiation induced by apigenin 7-glucoside in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells" by Nakazaki E, Tsolmon S, Han J, Isoda H.(1)

2. Anti-adipogenic Effect
In the investigation of apigenin, a plant flavonoid, on adipogenesis and its effect in adipogenesis found that Apigenin suppressed adipocyte differentiation of mouse adipocytic 3T3-L1 cells and reduced the accumulation of intracellular lipids.Thus, dietary apigenin may contribute to lower body-fat content and body-weight gain through the activation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), according to "Anti-adipogenic Effect of Dietary Apigenin through Activation of AMPK in 3T3-L1 Cells" by Ono M, Fujimori K.(2)

3. Cancer prevention
In the study of apigenin, a naturally occurring plant flavone, abundantly present in common fruits and vegetables and it anti oxidative process indicated that human clinical trials examining the effect of supplementation of apigenin on disease prevention have not been conducted, although there is considerable potential forapigenin to be developed as a cancer chemopreventive agent, according to "Apigenin: a promising molecule for cancer prevention" by Shukla S, Gupta S.(3)

4. Colon cancer
In the investigation of dietary apigenin and naringenin and their effect against colon cancer found that the ability of dietary apigenin and naringenin to reduce HMACF, lower proliferation (naringenin only) and increase apoptosis may contribute toward colon cancer prevention. However, these effects were not due to mitigation of iNOS and COX-2 protein levels at the ACF stage of colon cancer, according to "Apigenin and naringenin suppress colon carcinogenesis through the aberrant crypt stage in azoxymethane-treated rats" by Leonardi T, Vanamala J, Taddeo SS, Davidson LA, Murphy ME, Patil BS, Wang N, Carroll RJ, Chapkin RS, Lupton JR, Turner ND.(4)

5. Leukemia
In the evaluation of apigenin and it effects human leukemia cells and anti-leukemic activity found that constitutively active myristolated Akt prevented apigenin-induced JNK, caspases activation, and apoptosis. Conversely, LY294002 and a dominant negative construct of Akt potentiated apigenin-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells, according to "Apigenin induces apoptosis in human leukemia cells and exhibits anti-leukemic activity in vivo via inactivation of Akt and activation of JNK" by Budhraja A, Gao N, Zhang Z, Son YO, Cheng S, Wang X, Ding S, Hitron A, Chen G, Luo J, Shi X.(5)

(6) Antioxidant Activity
In the observation of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO(2)) extraction of bioactive compounds including flavonoids and phenolics from Ampelopsis grossedentata stems found that flavonoids and phenolics were found to be mainly responsible for the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of the extracts, but not for the chelating activity on ferrous ion according to Pearson correlation analysis. Furthermore, several unreported flavonoids such as apigenin, vitexin, luteolin, etc., have been detected in the extracts from A. grossedentata stems, according to "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Ampelopsis grossedentata Stems: Process Optimization and Antioxidant Activity" by Wang Y, Ying L, Sun D, Zhang S, Zhu Y, Xu P.(6)

7. Apoptotic Effects
In the analyzing the molecular mechanism of these compounds (genistein, biochanin-A and apigenin) in PC-3 (hormone-independent/p53 mutant type) and their anti prostate cancer effect
found that apoptosis of prostate cancer cells was associated with p21 up-regulation and PLK-1 suppression. Exposure of genistein, biochanin-A andapigenin on LNCaP (hormone-dependent/p53 wild type) and PC-3 (hormone-independent/p53 mutant type) prostate cancer cells resulted in same pattern of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, according to "Apoptotic Effects of Genistein, Biochanin-A and Apigenin on LNCaP and PC-3 Cells by p21 through Transcriptional Inhibition of Polo-like Kinase-1" by Seo YJ, Kim BS, Chun SY, Park YK, Kang KS, Kwon TG.(7)

8. Atherosclerosis (AS)
In the identification of Twenty-three flavonoids categorized into flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, and flavanones, including apigenin and theirs vascular endothelial dysfunction effect found that the effective agents in inhibiting endothelial dysfunction include myricetin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, genistein and daidzein. Our work might provide some evidence for atherosclerosis (AS) prevention and a strategy for the design of novel AS preventive agents, according to "Chemical Structures of 4-Oxo-Flavonoids in Relation to Inhibition of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)-Induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction" by Yi L, Jin X, Chen CY, Fu YJ, Zhang T, Chang H, Zhou Y, Zhu JD, Zhang QY, Mi MT.(8)

9. Hepatoprotective activity
In the demonstratyion of four known flavonoids were isolated (scutellarein 6-methyl ether, dihydroquercetin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside, and apigenin-7-neohesperidoside), from the bulbs of P. michuacana and theirs hepatoprotective effect found that Compounds 1, 4, and 5 were found to exhibit good hepatoprotective effect. These effects were comparable to that of the standard drug silymarin, a well-known hepatoprotective agent according to "Effect of flavonoids from Prosthechea michuacana on carbon tetrachloride induced acute hepatotoxicity in mice" Perez Gutierrez RM, Anaya Sosa I, Hoyo Vadillo C, Victoria TC.(9)

10. Lung cancer
in the observation of Apigenin and its effect in significantly suppressed the proliferation of four types of human lung cancer cells found that apigenin widely inhibits cell proliferation of various lung cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent manner and the combination treatment of apigenin and antitumor drugs is very effective in human lung cancer cells, and Nrf2-ARE pathway may contribute to the mechanism, according to "[Anti-proliferation and chemo-sensitization effects ofapigenin on human lung cancer cells].[Article in Chinese]' by Ren HY, Tang XW(10)

11. Oral cancer
In the evaluation of apigenin and it effect in hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesifound that that apigenin might have inhibited oral carcinogenesis by improving the status of antioxidant defense mechanism and modulated the activities of phase I and phase II detoxification cascade toward increased excretion of active metabolite of DMBA, during DMBA induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis, according to "Chemopreventive potential of apigenin in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced experimental oral carcinogenesis' bySilvan S, Manoharan S, Baskaran N, Anusuya C, Karthikeyan S, Prabhakar MM.(11)

12. Antiviral Activity
in the observation of C-glycosides, luteolin 6- C- α-L-arabinopyranosyl-7- O- β-D-glucopyranoside ( 1), apigenin 6- C- β-D-galactopyranosiduronic acid (1 → 2)- α-L-arabinopyranoside ( 2), luteolin 6- C- β-D-galactopyranosiduronic acid (1 → 2)- α-L-arabinopyranoside ( 3), and luteolin 6- C- β-D-glucopyranosiduronic acid (1 → 2)- α-L-arabinofuranoside ( 4) from the Leaves of Lophatherum gracile and their antiviral activity found that the flavone were screened for their IN VITRO antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) with cytopathic effect (CPE) reduction assay, and several flavone 6- C-monoglycosides showed potent IN VITRO anti-RSV effect, according to "Flavone C-glycosides from the Leaves of Lophatherum gracile and Their In Vitro Antiviral Activity" by Wang Y, Chen M, Zhang J, Zhang XL, Huang XJ, Wu X, Zhang QW, Li YL, Ye WC.(12)

13. Haemostasis
In the evaluation of isolation of apigenin (1), apigenin-7-O-glucoside or cosmosiin (2), apigenin-7-O-apiosyl-(1 --> 2)-O-glucoside or apiin (3) and the coumarin 2",3"-dihydroxyfuranocoumarin or oxypeucedanin hydrate (4) of the aqueous extract (Pc) of Petroselinum crispum (Mill) leaves and theirs effect on haemostasis found that Pc, apigenin and cosmosiin interfere on haemostasis inhibiting platelet aggregation, according to "Phenolic chemical composition of Petroselinum crispum extract and its effect on haemostasis" by Chaves DS, Frattani FS, Assafim M, de Almeida AP, de Zingali RB, Costa SS.(13)

14. Etc.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Chinese Herbs - Jie Shi or Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii)

Jie Shi or Zhi Shi (Fructus Immaturus Citri Aurantii)

Jie Shi or Zhi Shi is also known as immature fruit of bitter orange. The bitter, sour, acrid and slightly cold herb has been used in TCM as diuretics and to raise blood pressure, improve the strength of contraction and tension of the uterus, stimulate the smooth muscle of the digestive tract, treat constipation, cough with abundance of phlegm, etc., as it moves Stomach-Qi and Spleen-Qi, etc., by enhancing the functions of spleen, stomach, and large intestine channels.

Ingredients
1. Hesperidin
2. Neohesperidin
3. Nobiletin, 5-0 -desmethyl nobiletin
4. Quinoline
5. Narcotine
6. Noradrenaline
7. Tryptamine
8. Tyramine
9. Synephrine
10. N-methyltyramine
11. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Suppressive Effect
In the investigation of the effect of the flavonoids isolated from Citrus aurantium L. native to Korea on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators by blocking signal transduction mediated by nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced L6 skeletal muscle cells, found that the flavonoids isolated from Korea Citrus aurantium L. might have anti-inflammatory effects that regulate the expression of inflammatory mediators in L6 skeletal muscle cells, according to “Suppressive Effect of Flavonoids from Korean Citrus aurantium L. on the Expression of Inflammatory Mediators in L6 Skeletal Muscle Cells” by Kim JA, Park HS, Kang SR, Park KI, Lee DH, Nagappan A, Shin SC, Lee WS, Kim EH, Kim GS.(1).

2. Anti gastric cancer
In the confirmation of Citrus species used in traditional medicine as medicinal herb in several Asian countries including Korea. Flavonioids became known as various properties, such as anti-oxidants, anti-inflammation and anti-cancer, found that Flavonoids isolated from Citrus aurantium L. induced G2/M phase arrest through the modulation of cell cycle related proteins and apoptosis through activation caspase. These finding suggest flavonoids isolated from Citrus aurantium L. were useful agent for the chemoprevention of gastric cancer, according to “Flavonoids Isolated from Korea Citrus aurantium L. Induce G2/M Phase Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells” by Lee DH, Park KI, Park HS, Kang SR, Nagappan A, Kim JA, Kim EH, Lee WS, Hah YS, Chung HJ, An SJ, Kim GS.(2).

3. Antimicrobial activity
In the investigation on the bioactivity of eugenol, limonene, and citrus extract against three bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, and Bacillus coagulans),
found that Citrus extract was the most effective essential oil, and the results suggested the following susceptibility hierarchy, from the most sensitive microorganism to the most resistant one (values in parentheses represent MICs): S. bayanus (2 ppm) > R. bacarum (3 ppm) > P. membranifaciens (5 ppm) > B. coagulans (cells, 20 ppm) > L. brevis (40 ppm) > L. plantarum (>40 ppm), according to “In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of eugenol, limonene, and citrus extract against bacteria and yeasts, representative of the spoiling microflora of fruit juices“by Bevilacqua A, Corbo MR, Sinigaglia M.(3).

4. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the herb in case of Qi deficiency or spleen and stomach deficiency
2. Do not use the Jie Shi or Zhi Shi in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding with out approval first with the related field specialist
3. Etc.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22431150
(2) http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2012/515901/
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20501040

General Health: Cerebral aneurysm Treatments in Herbal Medicine Perspective

A.2. In herbal medicine perspective
1, Black Cohosh is a herbaceous perennial plant, genus Actaea, belonging to the family Ranunculaceae, native to eastern North America. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as analgesic, sedative, diuretic, emmenagogue anti-inflammatory agent and to treat rheumatism, symptoms of menopause, uterine cramps and muscle pain, etc.. Native Americans have used the root of the herb to treat snake bite.
a. Alternative to hormone replacement therapy
Black cohosh contains high amount of phytoestrogen of which helps to occupied the estrogen receptors or enhances the estrogen levels in the women in the stage of menopause, thus it may be considered as alternative to estrogen therapy, according to the study of "Black cohosh: an alternative therapy for menopause?" by Mahady GB, Fabricant D, Chadwick LR, Dietz B., posted in PubMed(83)

b. Antioxidants
Polyphenols in Black cohosh may be considered as an antioxidant which help to fight against the forming of free radicals cause of DNA damage and guarding our body against foreign invasion such as bacteria and virus, according to the study of "Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa L.) protects against menadione-induced DNA damage through scavenging of reactive oxygen species: bioassay-directed isolation and characterization of active principles" by Burdette JE, Chen SN, Lu ZZ, Xu H, White BE, Fabricant DS, Liu J, Fong HH, Farnsworth NR, Constantinou AI, Van Breemen RB, Pezzuto JM, Bolton JL., posted in PubMed(84)

c. Anti-inflammation
Cimicifuga racemosa (Actaea racemosa, black cohosh)have exerted inflammatory activity by inhibiting nitric oxide production by reducing iNOS expression without affecting activity of the enzyme, according to the study of "Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthesis by Cimicifuga racemosa (Actaea racemosa, black cohosh) extracts in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages" by Schmid D, Gruber M, Woehs F, Prinz S, Etzlstorfer B, Prucker C, Fuzzati N, Kopp B, Moeslinger T., posted in PubMed(85)

2. Dang Qui (Angelica sinensis) is a herb of Genus Angelica from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China. The herb has been used as a Queen herb in traditional Chinese medicine antispasmodic and vasodilatory agent, and to balance the hormones in women for a normal menstrual cycle and menstruation and strengthen heart, spleen, kidneys, and liver for both men and women, etc. In other words, it is used to treat gynecological ailments, fatigue, mild anemia and high blood pressure. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, etc.
a, Inflammatory effect
In the investigation of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) and its anti-inflammatory effort found that AS EtOAc extract significantly inhibited NF-kappaB luciferase activity and TNF-alpha, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and NO secretions from LPS/IFN-gamma-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The AS1 and PDTC groups, but not AS2, had significantly higher survival rate than the control group. This was characterized by the inhibition of the serum TNF-alpha and IL-12p40 levels after LPS injection (p<0.05). The major compounds of AS, ferulic acid and Z-ligustilide, also significantly decreased NF-kappaB luciferase activity, which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of AS, according to "Inhibitory effects of Angelica sinensis ethyl acetate extract and major compounds on NF-kappaB trans-activation activity and LPS-induced inflammation" by Chao WW, Hong YH, Chen ML, Lin BF.(86)

b. Ischemia and Neurodegeneration
In the observation of 4 medical plants: astragali, ligusticum wallichii, angelica sinensis and carthamus tinctorius (saffron) have been the major medicines to treat ischemia for hundreds of years in China, Korea and Japan and theirs effects on Ischemia and Neurodegeneration found that The herbs have demonstrated the neuroprotective efficacy of the combination of these phyotmedicines on mitigating brain infarction and global ischemia as well as preventing the neurodegeneration following ischemia. Owing to their multi-function, including improving cerebral blood circulation, they therefore have the potential to alleviate the symptoms of degenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), according to the study of "Polyphenols and Neuroprotection against Ischemia and Neurodegeneration" by Lin B.(87)

c. Immunomodulatory functions
In the evaluation of Ganoderma tsugae (Ganodermataceae), Codonopsis pilosula (Campanulaceae) and Angelica sinensis (Apiaceae) and their effects on immune system found that RG-CMH, which represents a mixture of rose geranium and extracts of G. tsugae, C. pilosula and A. sinensis, can improve the immune cell count of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to prevent leucopenia and immune impairment that usually occurs during cancer therapy. A total of fifty-eight breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy or radiotherapy were enrolled, according to "Effects of a Chinese medical herbs complex on cellular immunity and toxicity-related conditions of breast cancer patients' by Zhuang SR, Chiu HF, Chen SL, Tsai JH, Lee MY, Lee HS, Shen YC, Yan YY, Shane GT, Wang CK.(88)

d. Hypertension
In the investigation of Z-ligustilide, the main lipophilic component of the essential oil of Danggui on aortic tension induced by phenylephrine of Radix Angelica sinensis, and its anti-hypertensive effect found that ligustilide can significantly reduce the phenylephrine-induced aortic tension in vitro with IC(50) about 64 mug/ml, but has no in vivo effect on systolic blood pressure in SHR rats when administrated orally. The data on transport of ligustilide across Caco-2 monolayer suggested an efficient intestinal absorption of ligustilide in vivo, implying that the non-effectiveness of ligustilide in vivo is not due to the poor absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, according to "Ligustilide reduces phenylephrine induced-aortic tension in vitro but has no effect on systolic pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats" by Du JR, Yu Y, Yao Y, Bai B, Zong X, Lei Y, Wang CY, Qian ZM.(89)

3. Hawthorn is a shrubs and trees of the genus Crataegus, belonging to the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia and North America. The herb has been used in traditional medicine to treat heart disease and symptoms of heart diseases such as irregular heartbeat, high blood pressure, chest pain, hardening of the arteries, etc., circulatory disorders and respiratory illnesses.
a, Hypotensive effects
In the investigation of Hawthorn (Crataegus laevigata) leaves, flowers and berries used by herbal practitioners in the UK to treat hypertension in conjunction with prescribed drugs indicated that this is the first randomised controlled trial to demonstrate a hypotensive effect of hawthorn in patients with diabetes takin, according to "Hypotensive effects of hawthorn for patients with diabetes taking prescription drugs: a randomised controlled trial" by Walker AF, Marakis G, Simpson E, Hope JL, Robinson PA, Hassanein M, Simpson HC(90)

b. Cardiac effects
In the evaluation of the potential cardiac effects of two alcohol extracts of commercially available hawthorn found that the mechanism of cardiac activity ofhawthorn is via the Na(+),K(+)-ATPase and intracellular calcium concentrations are influenced, according to "A comparison of the effects of commercially availablehawthorn preparations on calcium transients of isolated cardiomyocytes" by Rodriguez ME, Poindexter BJ, Bick RJ, Dasgupta A.(91)

c. Cardiovascular disease
In the analyzing the effect of hawthorn in prevention and protection of cardiovascular disease indicated that these beneficial effects may in part be due to the presence of antioxidant flavonoid components. While a number of studies have been performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hawthorn, an international, multicenter, prospective clinical study including a large number of New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II/III heart failure patients is ongoing to test hawthorn's long-term therapeutic effects, according to "Hawthorn: potential roles in cardiovascular disease"by Chang WT, Dao J, Shao ZH.(92)

4. Maitake Mushroom is an edible mushroom in the genus Grifola, belonging to the family Meripilaceae, native to Japan. The herb has been used as liver protector and to enhance immune function, maintain health, preserve youth, increase longevity, etc.
a. Hypertension
In the assessment of effect of two commercially-available fractions labeled SX and D derived from the edible maitake mushroom in overcoming many age-associated metabolic perturbations, found that maitake mushroom fractions lessen age-related hypertension, at least in part, via effects on the RAS; enhance insulin sensitivity; and reduce some aspects of inflammation--actions that should lead to a longer, healthier life span, according to "Maitake mushroom extracts ameliorate progressive hypertension and other chronic metabolic perturbations in aging female rats" by Preuss HG, Echard B, Bagchi D, Perricone NV.(93)

b. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hepatitis
In the investigation of Maitake (Grifola frondosa) and the effect of polysaccharide compounds in health-promoting potential, found that the D-fraction, the MD-fraction, and other extracts, often in combination with whole maitake powder, have shown particular promise as immunomodulating agents, and as an adjunct to cancer and HIV therapy. They may also provide some benefit in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hepatitis(94)

c. Antioxidant properties
In the The optimization of solid-state fermentation conditions for mycelial growth in wheat by culinary-medicinal maitake mushroom and its health benefits found that that fermented wheat was effective in antioxidant activity, reducing power, scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals, and chelating ability on ferrous ions. Total phenol contents of both extracts were 13.35 and 23.01 mg/g, respectively. according to "Preparation of culinary-medicinal maitake mushroom, Grifola frondosa (Dicks.: Fr.) S.F. Gray (Aphyllophoromycetideae)-fermented wheat and its antioxidant properties" by Huang SJ, Tsai SY, Lin SY, Liang CH, Lian PY, Mau JL.(95)

5. Motherwort is a perennial plant in the genus Leonurus, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, native to the Central Asia. The herb has been used in traditional medicine in Central Europe, Asia and North America as relaxed agent to treat nervousness, insomnia, heart palpitation, promote milk flow, uterine contractions, menstrual flow and to relieve menopausal symptoms and menstrual complaints.
a. Cardiac and electrophysiological effects
In the investigation of European Lamiaceae Leonurus cardiaca (Ph.Eur.) used for centuries as a remedy against tachyarrhythmia and other cardiac disorders with aqueous Soxhlet extract, found that mapping experiments with 256 electrodes on the heart surface showed a reduction of left ventricular pressure and an increase of relative coronary flow at concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/mL LCRE. Furthermore, the PQ-interval was prolonged and both the basic cycle length and the activation recovery interval increased, according to "Cardiac and electrophysiological effects of primary and refined extracts from Leonurus cardiaca L. (Ph.Eur.)" by Ritter M, Melichar K, Strahler S, Kuchta K, Schulte J, Sartiani L, Cerbai E, Mugelli A, Mohr FW, Rauwald HW, Dhein S.(96)

b. Cerebral protection
In the analyzing neuroprotective effects of purified Herba Leonuri (pHL) were evaluated in Wistar rats undergone middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) found that Under the treatment of pHL, the infarct volume was reduced significantly from 20.75+/-0.03% to 15.19+/-0.02% (p<0.05). The neurological impairment was alleviated to 1.82 as compared to vehicle (2.43). Plasma antioxidant concentration was increased from 0.31+/-0.03 mM to 0.42+/-0.05 mM (p<0.05). DNA oxidative damage was reduced to 1.19+/-0.03 in stroke pHL treated group (p<0.05 as compared to vehicle group, 1.78+/-0.03). pHL could reduce the level of apoptosis and also the pro-apoptotic proteins, but increase the level of anti-apoptotic proteins, according to "Cerebral protection of purified Herba Leonuri extract on middle cerebral artery occluded rats" by Loh KP, Huang SH, Tan BK, Zhu YZ.(97)

6. Etc.

Women Health: The Obesity and Infertility Research and Studies of Obesity in female fertility and fertility treatment

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

The Studies of Obesity in female fertility and fertility treatment

Obesity and overweight are common conditions that have consequences not only on general health but also to a great extent on reproductive health.According to the study by the School of Paediatrics & Reproductive Health, posted in PubMed, obesity contributes to anovulation and menstrual irregularities, reduced conception rate and a reduced response to fertility treatment. It also increases miscarriage and contributes to maternal and perinatal complication. Reduction of obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, is associated with improvements in reproductive functions; hence, treatment of obesity itself should be the initial aim in obese infertile women before embarking on ovulation-induction drugs or assisted reproductive techniques. While various strategies for weight reduction, including diet, exercise, pharmacological and surgical intervention exist, lifestyle modification continues to be of paramount importance.

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Chinese Food Therapy

The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity

and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

The Best Weight Loss and Healthy recipe: Chinese Barbecued Tofu with Sesame Noodles (Foodservice) Recipe

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The Best Weight Loss and Healthy recipe:
All soy products used in all these recipe should be only from whole food and unprocessed
Recipe contribution by Soyconnection.com

Ingredients:

Marinade
3/4 cup Soy sauce, regular or lite
3/4 cup Hoisin sauce
6 tablespoons Oyster sauce
6 tablespoons Sherry wine or beer
3 tablespoons Brown sugar, firmly packed
9 Cloves Garlic, crushed
1 1/2 teaspoons Five spice seasoning
11 pounds Tofu, firm or extra firm

Sesame Noodles
As needed Water
1 1/8 cups Soy sauce, regular or lite
6 tablespoons Sesame oil
2 tablespoons Granulated sugar
1 1/2 pounds Carrots, bias cut
18 Green onion tops, chopped
8 Cucumbers, peeled and seeded

Instructions for Chinese Barbecued Tofu with Sesame Noodles (Foodservice):
Combine soy sauce, hoi sin sauce, oyster sauce, sherry or beer, brown sugar, garlic and five spice for marinade. Set aside.

Slice each 10-ounce brick of tofu into eight ½ -inch portions. Dry thoroughly between several layers of paper towels. Heat a non-stick skillet and brown tofu on both sides using a small amount of oil. Remove from skillet. Cool slightly. Cover with Chinese Barbecue Sauce and marinate 30 minutes to 2 hours.

Charbroil tofu over hot coals until browned on both sides. Baste tofu several times.

Cook egg noodles in simmering water 2 to 4 minutes or to al dente state. Drain and cold shock to stop cooking. Drain well. Season with soy sauce, sugar and sesame oil. Toss with assorted vegetables.

Serve noodles at room temperature with barbecued tofu. Garnish with onion brushes, carrot curls and cucumber fans, if desired.

*Garnishes: green onion brushes, carrot curls, Cucumber fans (as needed)(Source)

Women Health: Overcome Infertility - Treatments of Low BBT Temperature Caused By Yang Deficiency In The Yang Phase of Menstrual Cycle

The length of yang or luteal phase is about 12 -14 days and a third phase of the menstrual cycle according to traditional Chinese medicine. It is the time when the egg is extruded into fallopian tube, as liver transform yin energy to yang energy. At this phase, blood and qi move down ward, the endometrial lining becomes softer to prepare the implantation of the fertilized egg, if occurs.
In conventional medicine, at this phrase corpus luteum starts to produce progesterone that triggers the softening of endometrial lining for fertilized egg implantation.
If in the yang energy is deficient, it will cause the drop of BBT temperature that affects the chance of fertility.

I. Symptoms
1. Cold
2. Inability to get warm
3. Loose stool
4. Clear urine
5. Slow and weak pulse
6. Etc.

II. The yang deficiency Causes of Low BBT
A. General causes
1. Colding effect
Eating cold foods for a prolonged period of time will cause kidney yang deficiency. Cold foods are yin in nature, after entering the stomach, our body needs to provide more yang to digest it that depletes the yang qi.

2. Life style
Some people like to drink cold drink after taking straight from the refrigerator, eat raw foods, swim in a cold water, go out a lot in rainy weather or cold water,etc., they will cause extra yang produced by the body to counter the affect of the cold.

3. Excessive exercise
Exercise is considered healthy if you can do it properly and understand the limitation of your physical body. Rigid exercise pushes you body over limitation and consume, leading to kidney yang deficiency.

4. Frequently sexual activity
Frequently sexual activity drains the kidney jing, leading to kidney jing and yang deficiency that distort the normal function of kidney in regulating the natural process of conception. In serve case, it may cause menstrual disorder and infertility.

5. Aging
Aging is a biological process that we can not stop, but delay it. While youth is yang in nature, aging causes depletion of yang qi slowly.

B. Organs deficiency causes
1. Kidney yang deficiency
In the first and second phrases, yang energy is subordinated if compares with the yin. if kidney yang is deficient, it not only cause prolonged or shorten yin phrase, but also interferes with liver function in yin/yang transformation.

2. Spleen qi deficiency
Spleen is important is transport qi and food essence to liver for blood storing and blood formation, if for whatever reason ( mostly caused by intake of cold and raw food over a prolonged period of time), the spleen yang qi is deficiency, it will reduce the liver's function in warming the uterus, leading to lower BBT.

3. Liver qi deficiency
Since liver is impotant to transform the yin energy to yang energy in the third phrase of menstrual cycle, if liver is damaged or qi deficiency, it will cause the transformation dysfunction, leading to yang deficiency and lower BBT in the phrase.

III. Treatments
A. With herbs
1. Lu rong
Lu rong is also known as deer antler, deer antler velvet, it is a great herb that helps to reduce the blockage of the meridian liver and kidney. Since yang qi deficiency is also caused blood deficiency, improving the body yang by strengthening the liver's function in blood formation and kidney's function in fluid distribution, it reduces the yang deficiency in the body.

2. Du Zhong
It is also known ecommia bark, it is one the most used herb to enhance the function of meridian kidney-liver by promoting the qi and blood formation. Since the liver is a organ in charge of blood storing and blood formation and kidney is in charge of fluid regulation, it increases blood flow to the entire body and reduces fluid accumulated in the body, thus enhancing yang.

3. Ba Ji Tian
Ba ji tian is also known as Chinese morinda root, sweet and warm in nature. It is also one the herbs used to strengthen the liver and kidney qi and blood yang by enhancing the liver in blood formation and kidney in urinary secretion, thus reducing the yang deficiency causes of abdominal distention, including cramps and pain during menstrual cycle.

4. Etc.

B. With acupuncture
Suggested acupuncture points
1. ST36 (Zu san li)
2. SP3 (Tai bai)
3. SP6 (San yin jiao)
3. KD3 (Tai xi)
4. CV3 (Zhong ji)
5. CV6 (Qi hai)
6. GB4 (Han yan)
7. UB23 (Shen shu)
8. Etc.

C. With foods
1. Rice
2. Leek
3. Onion,
4. Peach
5. Logan
6. Walnut
7. Prawn
8. Shrimp
9. Chicken
10. Lamb
11. Basil
12.Black pepper
13. Etc.
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Women Health: Amenorrhea - Types Of Kidney Deficiency Causes of Amenorrhea In TCM Perspective

Amenorrhea

All women are experience irregular period sometimes during their child bearing years, before menopause. While Western medication has never viewed that irregular menstruation is a problem of women reproductive system, traditional Chinese medicine looks at this problem seriously, if untreated, it will disharmonize the women ecosystem, leading to nervous tension and other health problems, including infertility. Imbalance of liver is defined is a health condition of which liver is no longer function normally in moving blood in the blood vessels and govern smooth flow of the emotion and stress due to the affect of excessive anger or unexpressed anger, leading to liver being damaged that affects the regular menstruation and fertility.

Amenorrhea is defined as a health condition of absence of period
1. Primary amenorrhea
Women who are at age 18, but for what ever reason have never menstruated or
2. Secondary amenrrhea is defined as period beginning at the appropriate age, but later stops for more than 3 cycles.

In traditional Chinese medicine TCM, kidney deficiency can be classified as
1. Kidney yang deficiency
In traditional Chinese medicine is defined as a organ in charge of storing kidney essence, will, determination, and power of memory, water distribution, bone marrow, spinal marrow, and brain marrow, graping qi and bladder as well as hearing , and 2 private parts. Imbalance of kidney sometime can be caused by kidney yang deficiency due to intake of raw and cold foods, rigid exercise, frequent ejaculation, etc., leading to dampness accumulation that can manifest to damp heat, leading to phlegm.

2. Kidney yin deficiency
Imbalance of Kidney is defined as a health condition of Kidney Qi Deficiency, Yin Deficiency, Yang Deficiency or Jing Deficiency.
Kidney, in traditional Chinese medicine is defined as a organ in charge of storing kidney essence (jing), will, determination, and power of memory, water distribution, bone marrow, spinal marrow, and brain marrow, graping qi and bladder as well as hearing , and 2 private parts.
Deficiency of kidney yin can distort the function of kidney in water distribution, growth, leading to damp- heat and moving fluid and qi upward.

3. Kidney qi deficiency
Deficiency of kidney qi can distort the function of kidney in water distribution, growth, leading to dampness accumulation in the lower part of the body, and under layer of the skin and hearing loss, sexual dysfunction, loss of sexual desire, etc.

4. Kidney Jing deficiency
In traditional Chinese medicine is defined as a organ in charge of storing kidney essence, will, determination, and power of memory, water distribution, bone marrow, spinal marrow, and brain marrow, graping qi and bladder as well as hearing , and 2 private parts. Kidney jing (essence) jing can be divided in to prenatal and postnatal jing. Aging is the natural process due to depletion of kidney jing, we can not change the prenatal jing, but we can supplement the pre with the postnatal jing by taking foods and herbs which can delay the depletion of jing and aging.

5. Bilateral kidney yin and yang deficiency
Since kidneys store the essence and govern reproduction, bilateral kidney yin and yang deficiency is defined as a health condition of kidney fails to generate fluid and move fluid a long the kidney channels due to insufficiency of kidney essence or kidney vacuous.

6. Kidney fells to grape and retain qi
If kidney fell to grape and retain qi, it will cause abnormally uncontrollable fluid movement, and the qi does not flow upward to the lung, leading to respiratory problems, water retention and fluid stasis in the lower part of the body.

7. Kidney Yang deficiency causes of water effusion
Water effusion is defined as a health condition of prolonged period of yang vacuity, as a result of kidney's inability to move fluid upward in nourishing the upper part of the body, leading to abnormal yang phrase of menstrual cycle in women and increasing the risk of low sexual libido.

8. Kidney Yin deficiency causes of fire effulgence
Fire effulgence is defined as a health condition of yin vacuity as a result of yin deficiency over a prolonged period of time, as a result of loss of yin essence, leading to yin/yang imbalance and yin can not control yang, due to aging, frequency sexual activity, repeat masturbation, etc resulting in amenrrhea in women and sexual dysfunction in both.

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Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

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