Tuesday, August 16, 2016

Women Health: Menstrual Disorders - Amenorrhea - Treatments In conventional medicine Perspective

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.





                                                      Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is defined as delay or absence of menstruation in a woman reproductive years. Women who have a delay or absence of period used to think that they may be pregnant, in fact, there are many reasons of amenorrhea.

                                The Treatments 

 In conventional medicine Perspective
1. Oral contraceptive pills
Low-dose combination birth control pills which contains low-dose synthetic forms of the hormones estrogen and progesterone may be use to treat amenorrhea by controlling the menstrual cycle or bring the period back. 

2. Risks and side effects
a. Growth of fibroids
Growth of fibroid is caused high level of estrogen and progesterone. The intake of the pill increase the level of both hormones resulting in increase the risk of growth of fibroid.
b. Recurrent of menstrual symptoms
Some women stop taking the pill may see all the menstrual symptoms coming back.
c. Blood clots
Estrogen in the pill may cause blood clots in the small vessels in the leg and the lung.
d. Stroke and heart diseases
Study shows that women who have higher natural estrogen levels may have a higher risk of stroke and heart diseases.
e. Depression and mood swing
At the beginning, it may cause abnormal fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone elevate both physical and psychological stress, eventually resulting in both depression and mood swing
f. Bleeding and spotting
Bleeding and spotting is normal for the first six months for women who begin with any oral contraceptive combination pill treatment.
g. Lost interest in sex
Some women may experience lower sexual desire
h. Nutritional deficiency
Oral contraceptive pill causes vitamin and mineral imbalances or deficiencies.
i. Etc.

3. Thyroid disorders
Many women are experience amenorrhea as a result of thyroid normal abnormality, specially with primary amenorrhea, I would like to direct you to my previous articles
a. Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy (Not post Yet)
b. Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy (Not post Yet)
The subjects may be difference but the treatment be either the same with more aggressive due to no existence of pregnancy.

4. Pituitary disorders
Depending to how the pituitary gland cause of amenorrhea, including Pituitary Tumors, Growth Hormone Deficiency, Hypopituitarism, Hyperpituitarism, etc., you may be given prescrided medication to block hormone action, shrink pituitary tumors, etc., or surgery. I will come back with an article of women menstrual condition - Pituitary disorders later.

5. Surgery
If diagnosis found out the cause of amenorrhea is due to structure problems or the existence of tumors, cysts, etc.,then surgery may be the best choice. please remember no matter how good your surgeon is, surgery will always leave some scars that may lead to other reproductive problems later in your life, including infertility, although the chance is very rare.

5. Etc.
Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, 
particular in treatment of menstrual disorder in Women Health

Overcome Infertility - Vaginal Causes of Infertility

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                    Overcome Infertility 

Infertility is defined as inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse. It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U. S. and many times more in the world. Because of unawareness of treatments, only 10% seeks help from professional specialist.

                      Vaginal Causes of Infertility



Vagina is defined as the lower part of the female reproductive tract, a moist canal in female fibromuscular tubular tract extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body .

1. Vaginitis
It is caused by infection, low levels of estrogen or allergy leading to abnormal vagina discharge. In case of frequent vaginitis, it is caused by adhesion in the pelvic region or tubal blockage leading to infertility and reducing the sperm invasion.

2. Vaginosis
It is caused by over production of certain bacteria in the vagina area as resulting of infection causing unbalance of bacteria in the region.

3. Vaginal adenosis
Vaginal adenosis is a genetic defect caused by the mother taking medication diethylstinesterol during pregnancy leading to abnormal vagina and increasing the risk of cervical cancer.

4. Rokitansky syndrome
An genetic passing through birth defect with a malformation of vagina and absence of uterus.

5. Lubricant
Lubricant used during sexual intercourse to prevent vagina irritation and pain may cause toxic effect to sperm. Using water soluble lubricant can prevent that to happen if fertility is a concern.

6. Douching
Douching may be used to prevent infection caused by bacteria in or around the women vagina, but it also toxic to the sperm and affect the cervical mucus, therefore women who try to get pregnant should avoid douching all together.
Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine



Children Health: Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD) - Diet for ADHD - Black Bean

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

           Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD)

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD) also known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a chronic disease occurs in certain age and years of a children, defined as a condition with characteristics of co-existence of attentional problems and hyperactivity. It effects about 5% of the all children in the world with boys have 3-4 times higher risk than girl. Over one third of children with ADHD will have continued symptoms existed into their adult life.

Diet can affect cognitive ability and behaviour in children and adolescents. Nutrient composition and meal pattern can exert immediate or long-term, beneficial or adverse effects. (40)


                Diet for ADHD - Black bean


1. Antioxidant effect
In the evaluation of the indigestible fraction (IF)of the cooked seeds of three pulses (black bean, chickpea and lentil) and their antioxidant effect found that Condensed tannins were retained to some extent in the IF that exhibited significant antioxidant capacity. The total IF of the three pulses produced short chain fatty acids (SCFA) after 24 h of in vitro fermentation by human colonic microflora. IF from black bean and lentil were best substrates for the fermentative production of butyric acid, according to "In vitro fermentability and antioxidant capacity of the indigestible fraction of cooked black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), lentils (Lens culinaris L.) and chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)" by Hernández-Salazar M, Osorio-Diaz P, Loarca-Piña G, Reynoso-Camacho R, Tovar J, Bello-Pérez LA.(46)

2. Nervous system
Protein is essential for the brain in transmitting information between themselves and cells in the other parts of the body, thus reducing the blood sugar levels from rising too rapidly after a meal, reducing the risk of nervous symptoms cause of anxiety, stress and depression, etc., according to the study of "The planar polarityprotein Scribble1 is essential for neuronal plasticity and brain function" by Moreau MM, Piguel N, Papouin T, Koehl M, Durand CM, Rubio ME, Loll F, Richard EM, Mazzocco C, Racca C, Oliet SH, Abrous DN, Montcouquiol M, Sans N.(47)

3. Tryptophan
Tryptophan is one of the 10 essential amino acids which the body uses to synthesize the proteins for brain cells need, thus enhancing the nerve cells in information transmitting between themselves and cells in the parts of the body that reduces the risk of anxiety and depression, according to the study of "The effects of tryptophan depletion on neural responses to emotional words in remitted depression" by Roiser JP, Levy J, Fromm SJ, Nugent AC, Talagala SL, Hasler G, Henn FA, Sahakian BJ, Drevets WC.(48)

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, 
particular in treatment of menstrual disorder in Women Health

Regular Walking Reduces Early Onset and Complications of Atherosclerosis in 50+ Adults

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Regular physical activity has long been found to associate to the prevention of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and other chronic diseases, the joint study led by Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, showed that regular physical activity (PA) induces desirable changes in plasma levels of high- and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL, respectively) and triglycerides (TG), important risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases(1). But regular walking contribution of reduced risk of atherosclerosis  in the younger and older elderly have been lacking, probably due to the effectiveness of medication in reduced cholesterol build up on the inner wall of arteries.

Atherosclerosis is a condition of hardening and narrowing of the arteries as a result of plaques of fatty cholesterol on inner wall, leading to reduce oxygen-rich blood flow to the organs and other parts of the body.
According to the joint study led by the University of Shizuoka, off-site walking program of a prospective, 12-week, randomized and controlled study of Fifty-two women aged 32 to 57 years suggested, the program may decrease fibrinogen levels which was found to be a trigger cardiac events in patients with atherosclerosis(3).

In fact, regular leg exercise not only reduced the complications of patients with atherosclerosis(3) but also induced expansive arterial remodelling in corresponding improvements in risk factors for atherosclerosis in healthy men of of different ages(4). Dr. Rauramaa R and colleagues in a randomized clinical trial in overweight men, insisted that regular exercise (walking to slow jogging) significantly inhibited secondary platelet aggregation from 27% to 36% of that induced protective effects in the initiation of atherosclerosis(5).

Dr. Kovacić L said, "The criteria for physical active person were walking three times a week for 30 minutes at least .... in prevention of many health problems, like obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes, hearth diseases, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis and others"(2).

In support of regular exercise in lowering the risk of Atherosclerosis, Dr. Ali Al-Mamari said, "physical activity has been recognized as a preventive measure for atherosclerosis" and " moderately vigorous exercise resulted in a substantial reduction in mortality from all causes by 23% and from CHD by 41% compared with sedentary classmates. Maintaining or increasing physical activity level in late middle age was associated with a reduction in mortality rates, and light activities appeared to be sufficient to produce this benefit in older men"(6), probably due to its contribution in the reduced abnormalities in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism(7) and serum TG concentration(8).

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesityand restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How ToPermanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(1) Physical Activity and Lipid Profile in the ELSA- Brasil Study.[Article in English, Portuguese] by Silva RC1, Diniz MF1, Alvim S2, Vidigal PG1, Fedeli LM3, Barreto SM1.(PubMed)
(2) [Physical inactivity as public health problem].[Article in Croatian] by Kovacić L1(PubMed)
(3) Effects of an off-site walking program on fibrinogen and exercise energy expenditure in women by Furukawa F1, Kazuma K2, Kojima M3, Kusukawa R4.(PubMed)
(4) Regular endurance exercise induces expansive arterial remodelling in the trained limbs of healthy men by Dinenno FA1, Tanaka H, Monahan KD, Clevenger CM, Eskurza I, DeSouza CA, Seals DR.(PubMed)
(5) Inhibition of platelet aggregability by moderate-intensity physical exercise: a randomized clinical trial in overweight men by Rauramaa R, Salonen JT, Seppänen K, Salonen R, Venäläinen JM, Ihanainen M, Rissanen V.(PubMed)
(6) Atherosclerosis and Physical Activity by Ali Al-Mamari(Oman Med J.)
(7) Regular Walking Reduces Risk and Complications of hyperlipidemia in Older Adults
 by Kyle J. Norton
(8) Regular Walking Reduces Risk of high triglyceride level Significantly in 50 plus Adults by Kyle J. Norton

Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Chinese Herbs - Ji Xue Teng (Radix et Caulis Jixueteng)

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                 
         Ji Xue Teng (Radix et Caulis Jixueteng)


Ji Xue Tang or Feng Xue Teng or Ma Lu Teng, Zi Geng Teng is also known as Radix et Caulis Jixueteng. The bitter, slightly warm and sweet herb has been used in TCM to treat irregular menses, enhance flow of menses, platelet count, treat rheumatoid arthritis, lower blood chilesterol, etc., as it moves and tonifies Blood, soothes the sinews, promotes circulation in the collaterals, etc., by enhancing the functions of heart, spleen and liver channels.

Ingredients
1. Jixuetengsterol
2. Tannin acid
3. Friedelin
4. Friedelinsterol
5. Taraxerone
6. β- Sitosterol
7. Campesterol
8. Calcium oxalate
9. Etc.

Health Benefits
1. Anti oxidative stress and inflammation
In the investigation of the effects of the water extracts of Millettia reticulata Benth (WEMRB) and its active compound (protocatechuic acid [PCA]) on acute hepatic injury and inflammation in CCl(4)-induced Sprague-Dawley rats, found that oral administration of WEMRB decreases the hepatotoxic effects by increasing glutathione-dependent antioxidant enzyme activity, thereby reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in CCl(4)-induced Sprague-Dawley rats, according to “Protective effect of Millettia reticulata Benth against CCl(4)-induced hepatic damage and inflammatory action in rats” by Hsu CC, Hsu CL, Tsai SE, Fu TY, Yen GC.(1).

2. Anticancer effects
In the study of to studyanticancer activity of flavonoid derivatives isolated from the stems of M. reticulata Benth. Six flavonoid derivatives including (-)-epicatechin (1), naringenin (2), 5,7,3′,5′-tetrahydroxyflavanone (3), formononetin (4), isoliquiritigenin (5), and genistein (6) in vitro,
indicated that genistein (6) had the strongest inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 16.23 microM in SK-Hep-1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Treatment of SK-Hep-1 cells with genistein (6) caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot data revealed that genistein (6) stimulated an increase in the protein expression of Fas, FasL, and p53. Additionally, treatment with genistein (6) changed the ratio of expression levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members and subsequently induced the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, which was followed by cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These results demonstrate that genistein (6) induces apoptosis in SK-Hep-1 cells via both Fas- and mitochondria-mediated pathways, according to “Anticancer effects of flavonoid derivatives isolated from Millettia reticulata Benth in SK-Hep-1 human hepatocellular carcinoma cells” by Fang SC, Hsu CL, Lin HT, Yen GC.(2).

3. Antiviral effects
In the examination of theantiviral effects of the aqueous extract of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. (A.E.), a Chinese medicinal herb, against coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), showed that .E. exhibited obvious antiviral: effects in vivo, and serum samples obtained from the rats with oral administration of A.E. (10 μg/mL, 5 μg/mL), reduced the virus titers in the infected myocardial cells (3.00±0.70, 3.55±0.52, P<0.01), according to “Antiviral effects of aqueous extract from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. against coxsackievirus B3 in mice” by Pang J, Guo JP, Jin M, Chen ZQ, Wang XW, Li JW.(3)
4. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not in case of yin deficiency with fire
2. Do not use the herb in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without consulting first with the related field specialist
3. Etc.



Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19735183
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19994890
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21717161




Women Health: The Obesity and Breast cancer Research and Studies of Effect of obesity on toxicity in women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

The Studies of obesity on toxicity in women treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer


In the reviewed study to provide more definite evidence regarding the role of dose modification of chemotherapy in obese women with breast cancer by systematically reviewing current literature regarding chemotherapy-induced toxicity rates in obese and non-obese women with early-stage breast cancer, posted inPubMed, found that Seven studies found reduced toxicity in obese compared to non-obese women. Of four studies, where dose capping was precluded or statistically adjusted for, three found reduced toxicity in obese women. These outcomes include less febrile neutropenia (body mass index (BMI) >23.6; odds ratio (OR) 4.4; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.65-12.01), fewer hospital admissions (BMI >35; OR 0.61, 95 % CI 0.38-0.97), and fewer neutropenic events (BMI >25; OR 0.49; 95 % CI 0.37-0.66). Only a single study reported higher rates of toxicity in obese women, but this study had significant methodological issues. As a conclusion, we observed that obese patients tolerate chemotherapy better than lean patients. However, this may be confounded by poorly specified dose capping practices and the use of hematopoietic growth factors.

General Health: Cirrhosis - The Diseases associated with Cirrhosis

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                             Cirrhosis 

Cirrhosis is defined as a condition of irreversible scarring liver as a result of liver tissue by fibrosis due to final phase of chronic liver diseases of that can lead to poor function of the liver and liver failure. According to the statistics, Number of discharges with chronic liver disease or cirrhosis as the first-listed diagnosis: 101,000 in 2009 and Deaths per 100,000 population: 10.3 in 2010(a). Hepatitis B infection cause of the disease is very prevalent in South-East Asia.

            The Diseases associated Cirrhosis


1. Autoimmune diseases
In the study to assess the prevalence of concurrent extrahepatic autoimmune diseases in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH)/primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) overlap syndrome and applicability of the 'mosaic of autoimmunity' in these patients, in a population, 31 (43.6%) patients had extrahepatic autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune thyroid diseases (13 patients, 18.3%), Sjögren syndrome (six patients, 8.4%), celiac disease (three patients, 4.2%), psoriasis (three patients, 4.2%), rheumatoid arthritis (three patients, 4.2%), vitiligo (two patients, 2.8%), and systemic lupus erythematosus (two patients, 2.8%).conducted by the Numune Research and Education Hospital, showed that a large number of autoimmune diseases were associated with AIH/PBC overlap patients. Therefore, extended screening for existing autoimmune diseases during the routine assessment of these patients is recommended. The study also sugested that the concept of 'mosaic of autoimmunity' is a valid clinical entity that is applicable to patients with AIH/PBC overlap syndrome(34).

2. Cardiovascular disease
Impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes are frequently observed in cirrhosis. Cirrhotic patients, even in the presence of overt diabetes, are at low risk ofcardiovascular disease. The low prevalence may be related to shorter duration of diabetic disease, also in relation to reduced life expectancy, as well as to liverdisease-induced abnormalities protecting the cardiovascular system from atherosclerosis(35).

3. Hepatic angiomyolipoma
Hepatic angiomyolipomas are increasingly recognized as incidental findings during surveillance for cirrhosis or investigations for unrelated conditions. Awareness of their diverse morphological spectrum in liver biopsy is necessary to avoidmisdiagnosis as hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic melanoma or other malignant neoplasms(36).

4. Obesity
Obesity is associated with an aggressive course in chronic viral hepatitis. In a randomized trial of beta-blockers in the prevention of varices in whom data on body mass index (BMI) was available, consisted of 161 patients with compensatedcirrhosis, found that obesity has a deleterious effect on the natural history of compensated cirrhosis of all etiologies, independent of portal pressure and liver function. Weight reduction may be a valuable therapeutic measure in this patient population(37).

5. Steatohepatitis
According to the study by University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, age, activity of steatohepatitis, and established fibrosis predispose to cirrhosis, which has a 7- to 10-year liver-related mortality of 12% to 25%. Many cases of cryptogenic cirrhosis are likely endstage NASH. While endstage NAFLD currently accounts for 4% to 10% of liver transplants, this may soon rise(38).

6. Glycogen storage disease
Glycogen storage disease Ib is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism leading to impaired glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. There is a report of a case of on the development of liver cirrhosis in a nine-year-old boy in the course of glycogen storage disease Ib and discuss possible underlying pathomechanisms(39).

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity 
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months



Sources
(a) http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/liverdis.htm
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22465972
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10086647
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22949933
(37) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21567436
(38) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16447287
(39) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23357201