Medical Advisor Journals

Tuesday, August 23, 2016

Phytochemicals in Foods- The Effects of Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate

Theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, a theaflavin derivative, is phytochemicals of Flavan-3-ols, in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols) found abundantly in black tea.

Health Benefits
1. Antioxidant capacities
In the comparison of TF derivatives (theaflavin (TF(1)), theaflavin-3-gallate(TF(2)A), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF(2)B), and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF(3))) in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro, indicated that positive antioxidant capacities of TF(2)B on singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and the hydroxyl radical-induced DNA damage in vitro were found, according to "Evaluation of the antioxidant effects of four main theaflavin derivatives through chemiluminescence and DNA damage analyses" by Wu YY, Li W, Xu Y, Jin EH, Tu YY.(1)

2. Antimicrobial activities
In the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of seven green tea catechins and four black tea theaflavins, found that (-)-gallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-catechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3-gallate showed antimicrobial activities at nanomolar levels; (ii) most compounds were more active than were medicinal antibiotics, such as tetracycline or vancomycin, at comparable concentrations; (iii) the bactericidal activities of the teas could be accounted for by the levels of catechins and theaflavins as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography; (iv) freshly prepared tea infusions were more active than day-old teas; and (v) tea catechins without gallate side chains, gallic acid and the alkaloids caffeine and theobromine also present in teas, and herbal (chamomile and peppermint) teas that contain no flavonoids are all inactive, according to "Antimicrobial activities of tea catechins and theaflavins and tea extracts against Bacillus cereus" by Friedman M, Henika PR, Levin CE, Mandrell RE, Kozukue N.(2)

3. Edema, 4. anti inflammation
found that a single topical application of equimolar of black tea constituents (TF,theaflavin-3-gallate, theaflavin-3'-gallate, and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate) strongly inhibited TPA-induced edema of mouse ears. Application of TFs mixture to mouse ears 20 min prior to each TPA application once a day for 4 days inhibited TPA-induced persistent inflammation, as well as TPA-induced increase in IL-1beta and IL-6 protein levels. TFs also inhibited arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism via both cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase pathways, according to "Inhibitory effects of black tea theaflavin derivatives on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammation and arachidonic acid metabolism in mouse ears" by Huang MT, Liu Y, Ramji D, Lo CY, Ghai G, Dushenkov S, Ho CT.(3)

5. Allergic effect
In the investigation of the preventive effects of black tea theaflavins, theaflavin-3-gallate (3-TF) and theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TFDG), on oxazolone-induced type IV allergy in male ICR mice.
found that oral administration of 3-TF(theaflavin-3-gallate) and TFDG at a dose of 50 mg kg(-1) body weight prevented the increases in levels of some proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), according to "Preventive effects of black tea theaflavins against mouse type IV allergy" by Yoshino K, Yamazaki K, Sano M.(4)

6. Anti cancers
In the investigation of the inhibition effects of tea theaflavins complex (TFs),theaflavin-3-3'-digallate (TFDG), theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2B), and an unidentified compound (UC) on the growth of human liver cancer BEL-7402 cells, gastric cancer MKN-28 cells and acute promyelocytic leukemia LH-60 cells, found that the inhibition effects of theaflavin-3'-gallate (TF2B), TFDG, and UC on BEL-7402 and MKN-28 were stronger than TFs. The relationship coefficients between monomer concentration and its inhibition rate against MKN-28 and BEL-7402 were 0.87 and 0.98 for TF2B, 0.96 and 0.98 for UC, respectively. The IC50 values of TFs, TF2B, and TFDG were 0.18, 0.11, and 0.16 mM on BEL-7402 cells, and 1.11, 0.22, and 0.25 mM on MKN-28 cells respectively, according to "The theaflavin monomers inhibit the cancer cells growth in vitro" by Tu YY, Tang AB, Watanabe N.(5)

7. Leukemia
in the investigation of the inhibitory effects of five tea polyphenols, namely theaflavin (TF1), theaflavin-3-gallate (TF2), theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (TF3), (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and gallic acid, and propyl gallate (PG) on xanthine oxidase (XO) found that Tea polyphenols and PG all have potent inhibitory effects (>50%) on PMA-stimulated superoxide production at 20 approximately 50 microM in HL-60 cells. Gallic acid (GA) showed no inhibition under the same conditions. At 10 microM, only EGCG, TF3, and PG showed significant inhibition with potency of PG > EGCG > TF3, according to "Inhibition of xanthine oxidase and suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species in HL-60 cells by theaflavin-3,3'-digallate, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, and propyl gallate" by Lin JK, Chen PC, Ho CT, Lin-Shiau SY.(6)

8. Etc.

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21887850
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16496576
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16404705
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20597096
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15248026
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10898615

Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Chinese Herbs - Long Kui (Herb Solani nigri)

Long Kui (Herb Solani nigri)

Long Kui is also known Solanum Nigrum. The bitter, slightly sweet, cold and s toxic herb has been used in TCM as anti-pyretic, diuretic, anti cancers agent and to treat acute kidney inflammation, chronic bronchitis, etc., as it clears heat, eliminates toxins, invigorates blood, reduces swelling, promotes urination, etc., by enhancing the functions of lung, liver and stomach channels.

Ingredients
In the investigation to study of Nutraceuticals properties of Solanum nigrum and the results obtained compared with Chinese chive and Roselle plant, the seeds contain oil (36.5%), dietary fibre (1.3%) and crude protein (7%). Vitamin analysis in mg/kg (DW) indicated that seed contains thiamine (3.5), riboflavin
(1.8) and niacin (36.2). The most abundant fatty acids were linoleic (65.45%) and palmitic (10.19%) present in seeds. Seeds contain Fe (3.8), Ca (73) and Zn (14) in mg/100g (DW). The calorific value (kcal/100 g sample) for leaves (60.70); berries (73.98) and for seed (126.84). Anti nutritional factors in mg/100g (DW) for seeds were found at parity with Chinese chive and Roselle plants e.g. trypsin (1.01±0.74), phytic acid (0.13±0.32) and tannins (0.17±0.09) were moderate(a).

Health benefits
1. Antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic effect
In the study to evaluate the Solanum nigrum fruit extract (SNFEt) for its antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity against ethanol-induced toxicity in rats, in the lipid profiles, the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), free fatty acids (FFA), and phospholipids were significantly elevated in the ethanol-induced group, whereas, the high density lipoproteins (HDL) were found to be reduced in the plasma, and the phospholipid levels were significantly decreased in the tissues. Supplementation of SNFEt improved the antioxidant status by decreasing the levels of TBARS and altering the lipid profiles to near normal(1).

2. Hepatocarcinoma cell
In the searching for an effective agent against HCC progression, we prepared a polyphenolic extract of Solanum nigrum L. (SNPE), a herbal plant indigenous to Southeast Asia and commonly used in oriental medicine, to evaluate its inhibitive effect on hepatocarcinoma cell growth, found that found 1 µg mL(-1) SNPE-fed mice showed decreased tumor weight and tumor volume by 90%. Notably, 2 µg mL(-1) SNPE resulted in almost complete inhibition of tumor weight as well as tumor volume. In line with this notion, SNPE reduced the viability of HepG(2) cells in a dose-dependent manner. HepG(2) cells were arrested in the G(2)/M phase of the cell cycle; meanwhile, the protein levels of cell CDC25A, CDC25B, and CDC25C were clearly reduced.(2).

3. Prostate cancer
In the study to investigation of weather a polyphenolic extract derived from ripe berries of Solanum nigrum (SN) differentially causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various human prostate cancer cells without affecting normal prostate epithelial cells, showed that SN treatment (5-20 µg/ml) resulted in a dose-dependent G2/M phase arrest and subG1 accumulation in the CA-HPV-10 but not in the PZ-HPV-7 cell line. Our results, for the first time, demonstrate that the SN extract is capable of selectively inhibiting cellular proliferation and accelerating apoptotic events in prostate cancer cells. SN may be developed as a promising therapeutic and/or preventive agent against prostate cancer.(3).

4. Estrogenic activity
In the study to evaluate the estrogenic potential of S. nigrum fruits by in vitro and in vivo assays, showed that At low concentration (40 μg/ml), SNGF induced a dose-dependent increase in MCF-7 cell proliferation, while higher extract concentrations (80-320 μg/ml) caused progressive cell growth inhibition. The competitive binding assay using ³H-E₂ suggests that this effect is mediated by estrogen receptor.(4).

5. Antiviral activity
In the study to search for anti-HCV plants from different areas of Pakistan, found that Methanol and chloroform extracts of Solanum nigrum (SN) seeds exhibited 37% and more than 50% inhibition of HCV respectively at non toxic concentration. Moreover, antiviral effect of SN seeds extract was also analyzed against HCV NS3 protease by transfecting HCV NS3 protease plasmid into liver cells(5).

6. Etc.

Side Effects
1. Do not use the raw fresh part of plant and unripe fruit as they are poisonous and can cause dilated pupils, dizziness, nausea, dry mouth and tongue, loss of ability to
talk, loss of consciousness.
2. Do not use the herb in case of spleen deficiency
3. 2. Do not use the Ling Kui in newborn, children or if you are pregnant or
breast feeding with out approval first with the related field specialist
4. Etc.

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Chinese Food Therapy

The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity

and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(a) http://www.ipcbee.com/vol21/20–icebs2011p00005.pdf
(1) http://www.phcog.com/article.asp?issn=0973-1296;year=2010;volume=6;issue=21;spage=42;epage=50;aulast=Arulmozhi
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20853273
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22076244
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21985821
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21247464

General Health: Colitis - The Risk Factors

According to the study by Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, types of colitis include
microscopic colitis, ischemic colitis, segmental colitis associated with diverticula, radiation colitis, diversion colitis, eosinophilic colitis and Behcet's colitis(a).

The Risk Factors

1. Medical conditions
a. Ischemic colitis is the most common type of intestinal ischemia and has a clinical spectrum of injury that ranges from mild and transient ischemia to acute fulminant colitis. Patients with medicals condition such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and atrial fibrillation are associated with increased risk to develop ischemic colitis(IC), according to the study by Beijing Hospital, Ministry of Health(16)

b.. Ischemic colitis is one of the most often seen disorders of the large intestine in the elderly. Common predisposing factors are atherosclerosis, shock, and congestive heart failure, but often, elderly patients have no obvious predisposing or precipitating factors(17).

2. Age
If you are over 50, you are at increased to develop colitis. According to the study of the records of 81 patients with colitis whose symptoms began after the age of 50 years, ischemia is the most common cause of colitis beginning in patients older than 50 years of age. Moreover, the incorrect diagnosis of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease in a large proportion of these patients may explain why colitis has been reported to behave differently in the elderly than in the young(18).

3. Depression and psychosocial stress
In the study to analyze the data from 152,461 women (aged 29-72 years) enrolled since 1992-1993 in the Nurses' Health Study cohorts I and II, conducted by Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, found that On the basis of data from the Nurses' Health Study, depressive symptoms increase the risk for CD, but not UC, among women. Psychological factors might therefore contribute to development of CD(19).

4. Gender and smoking
In the study of the medical charts of 1784 adult consecutive patients (978 patients, ulcerative colitis; 118 patients, indeterminate colitis; and 688 patients, Crohn's colitis), whose smoking habits were specified by direct interview, showed that The proportion of ever smokers was 42% in ulcerative colitis, 43% in indeterminate colitis, and 61% in Crohn's colitis. Smoking cessation preceded the onset of colitis in 279 patients with ulcerative colitis or indeterminate colitis (61%) and only 52 patients (12%) with Crohn's colitis. In ulcerative colitis and indeterminate colitis, current smoking delayed mean age at disease onset in men (from 32 to 41 yr; P < 0.001), but not women (from 33 to 33 yr), and decreased the need for immunosuppressants in men (10-yr cumulative risk, 26% +/- 4% in nonsmokers vs. 8% +/- 4% in smokers; P < 0.01), but not significantly in women. Conversely, in Crohn's colitis, current smoking hastened disease onset in women (from 35 to 29 yr; P < 0.001), but not men (from 32 to 31 yr), and increased the need for immunosuppressants in women (10-yr cumulative risk, 48% +/- 5% in nonsmokers vs. 58% +/- 4% in smokers; P < 0.01), but not men(20).

5. Family history
Approximately 5 to 10 percent of patients undergoing ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis are subsequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease. Acoording to the study by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, patients with ulcerative colitis and indeterminate colitis with a family history of Crohn's disease or preoperative anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae immunoglobulin-A seropositivity are more likely to be diagnosed with Crohn's disease after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis(21).

6. Other risk factors
According to the study by, in a multivariate model, familial history of inflammatory bowel disease (odds ratio (OR) 4.3 (95% confidence interval 2.3-8)), breast feeding (OR 2.1 (1.3-3.4)), bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination (OR 3.6 (1.1-11.9)), and history of eczema (OR 2.1 (1-4.5)) were significant risk factors for Crohn's disease whereas regular drinking of tap water was a protective factor (OR 0.56 (0.3-1)). Familial history of inflammatory bowel disease (OR 12.5 (2.2-71.4)),disease during pregnancy (OR 8.9 (1.5-52)), and bedroom sharing (OR 7.1 (1.9-27.4)) were risk factors for ulcerative colitis whereas appendicectomy was a protective factor (OR 0.06 (0.01-0.36))(21a). Also in the study by University Hospital of Heraklion, found that the logistic regression analysis showed that appendectomy and tonsillectomy have no independent association with the risk of developing ulcerative colitis, whereas in Crohn's disease both appendectomy and tonsillectomy have positive associations. Well-established risk factors, such as family history and smoking status(21b). Appendicectomy is also an environmental factors that are known to influence ulcerative colitis (UC)(21c).

Dietary Minerals Boron: The effects of Dietary Boron and aging

Dietary Minerals

Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals which is essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.

Boron

Boron, a vital trace mineral found abundantly in Almond, Red Apple, Apricots, Avocado, Banana, Red kidneyBeans, etc., is necessary for the normal growth and health of the body. Boric acid has antiseptic and antiviral activity. Its aqueous solutions have been used as mouth-washes, eye-drops, skin lotions and cosmetics(1).

The effects of Dietary Boron and aging

Total boron concentrations in Drosophila changed during development and aging. In the study of mouses conducted by Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, found that Adding excess dietary boron during the adult stage decreased the median life span by 69% at 0.01 M sodium borate and by 21% at 0.001 M sodium borate. Lower concentrations gave small but significant increases in life span. Supplementing a very low boron diet with 0.00025 M sodium borate improved life span by 9.5%. The boron contents of young and old mouse tissues were similar to those of Drosophila and human samples. Boronsupplements of 4.3 and 21.6 ppm in the drinking water, however, did not significantly change the life span of old mice fed a diet containing 31.1 ppm boron(6).

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Chinese Food Therapy

The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity

and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(1) http://chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/inorganic/BORIC%20ACID.htm
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7889879

Overcome Infertility: What Exhibits Tubal Conditions To Cause Infertility

Infertility is defined as inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse. It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U. S. and many times more in the world. Because of unawareness of treatments, only 10% seeks help from professional specialist.

What Exhibits Tubal Conditions To Cause Infertility

1. Gonorrhea
Gonorrhea is sexual transmitting disease caused by bacteria Neisseria gonococcus leading to infection and inflammation in the uterus and Fallopian tube in women and epididymitis in men .

2. Pelvic inflammation disease (PID)
PID is defined as a condition of an acute infection in the pelvic caused by sexual transmitted diseases leading infertility if the scar forming in the Fallopian tube blocks the tube completely.

3.Cornual pregnancy
A pregnancy in which the fertilized egg is implanted itself around where the fallopian tubes reach the uterus, It often end with miscarriage.

4. Tubal problem
The Fallopian is the tube that helps to retrieve egg from the ovaries and coax it toward the uterus and oncoming sperm. Tubal problem is caused by scar tissue restricting the movement of the egg or sperm including endometrial adhesion and implants.

5.Ureaplasma urealyticum
Ureaplasia urealyticum is a types of bacteria infection as resulting of sexual disease transmitting between partner. It causes no symptoms but interferes with the reproductive processes including tubal disease.

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Chinese Food Therapy

The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity

and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus: Thyroid Disease : Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis - The Causes

Thyroid disease

Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active and produces too much thyroid hormones.

Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis

Sepsis is defined as a condition caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammation throughout the body as a result of severe infection(a)(b). according to the study by the University of Utah, sepsis is the commonest cause of admission to medical ICUs across the world. Mortality from sepsis continues to be high. Besides shock and multi-organ dysfunction occurring following the intense inflammatory reaction to sepsis, complications arising from sepsis-related immunoparalysis contribute to the morbidity and mortality from sepsis(c).

The Causes

1. Bacteria infection
In the study of Neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) between January 2001 and December 2006, found that in n early-onset sepsis, the most common pathogens responsible included group B streptococci (GBS) (36%) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) (26%). GBS was associated with more meningitis involvement but lower incidence of mortality compared with E. coli. The most common causative microorganisms in late-onset sepsis were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) (40%) and Candida (15%). The sepsis-related mortality rates were higher in early-onsetsepsis (10%) than in late-onset sepsis (7%)(5).
Other study indicated that Burkholderia cepacia has rarely been reported in Honolulu. Its emergence as a nursing home-acquired pathogen with high mortality rate is concerning. This case report describes a local nursing home patient who was diagnosed with B. cepacia sepsis in 2012(6).

2. Renal infection (Acute pyelonephritis (APN))
IOn the study to assess the risk factors for septic shock by multivariate logistic regression analysis of 69 patients with obstructive APN associated with upper urinary tract calculi who were admitted to the hospital, indicated that patients with obstructive APN associated with upper urinary tract calculi who have decreases in platelet count and serum albumin level should be treated with caution against the development of septic shock(7).

3. Pneumonia
Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae is a common cause of pneumonia-derived sepsis, according to the study by the University of Amsterdam(8).

4. Bloodstream infection
In the study to determine the independent risk factors on mortality in patients with community-acquired severe sepsis and septic shock, found that in addition to the severity of illness, hypoalbuminemia was identified as the most important prognostic factor in community-acquired bloodstream infection with severe sepsisand septic shock(9).

5. Abdominal infection
In the study to investigate the alteration of complement system in patients with severe abdominal sepsis and evaluate the role of complement depletion in prognosis of such patients, indicated that complement C3 depletion was found to be connected to poor prognosis in severe abdominal sepsis. This depletion seems to be associated with coagulopathy and aggravated infection during sepsis, which should be paid close attention in critical care(10).

6. Dementia in elders
In the population-based cohort study, in analyzing 41,672 older (≥ 65 years) patients, including 3,487 (8.4%) with dementia, from the first-time admission claim data between 2005 and 2007 for a nationally representative sample of one million beneficiaries enrolled in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, found that In hospitalized older patients, the presence of dementia increased the risks of acute organ dysfunction, severe sepsis and hospital mortality. However, after intervention using life-support treatments, dementia only exhibited a minor role on short-term mortality(11).

7. Drug-resistant bacteria
In the study to identify the frequency of bacterial isolates in early-onset neonatalsepsis (EONS) and their antimicrobial resistance pattern, found that K. pneumoniae was the predominant causative bacteria of EONS followed by E. cloacae and E. coli. There was a high resistance to ampicillin. Imipenem had the maximum overall activity against the causative bacteria. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the changing epidemiology of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity(12).

8. Weakened immune systems
Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in most intensive care units. Advances in understanding the immune response to sepsis provide the opportunity to develop more effective therapies. The immune response in sepsis can be characterized by a cytokine-mediated hyper-inflammatory phase, which most patients survive, and a subsequent immune-suppressive phase. Patients fail to eradicate invading pathogens and are susceptible to opportunistic organisms in the hypo-inflammatory phase. Many mechanisms are responsible for sepsis-induced immuno-suppression, including apoptotic depletion of immune cells, increased T regulatory and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and cellular exhaustion(13).

Sources
(a) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis
(b) http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sepsis/DS01004
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24082613
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24037335
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23133376
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20149587
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091606
(11) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22905169
(12) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24019843
(13) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24067565

Women Health: The Obesity and Polycystic ovary syndrome Research and Studies of Obesity and the development of polycystic ovary syndrome

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), resulting in male pattern hair development, acne,irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility. It effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.

The Studies of Obesity and the development of polycystic ovary syndrome

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the common endocrine diseases that affects women in their reproductive age. PCOS has diverse clinical implications that include reproductive (infertility, hyperandrogenism, hirsutism), metabolic (insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases) and psychological features (increased anxiety, depression and worsened quality of life). According to the study by the University of Buenos Aires, posted in PubMed, Obesity increases some features of PCOS such as hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, infertility and pregnancy complications. Both obesity and insulin resistance increase diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, obesity impairs insulin resistance and exacerbates reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS. It is well known thatobesity is associated with anovulation, pregnancy loss and late pregnancy complications (pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes). Obesity in PCOS is also linked to failure or delayed response to the various treatments including clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins and laparoscopic ovarian diathermy. It has been reported that, after losing as little as 5 % of initial body weight obese women with PCOS improved spontaneous ovulation rates and spontaneous pregnancy. Therefore, the weight loss prior to conception improves live birth rate in obese women with or without PCOS.

Pregnancy Miracle
Reverse Infertility And Get Pregnant Naturally
Using Holistic Ancient Chinese Medicine

Chinese Food Therapy

The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity

and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months