Medical Advisor Journals

Sunday, May 14, 2017

Thyroid hormones and Carbohydrate metabolism

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Thyroid hormone

Thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)), produced by the thyroid gland, plays an important role in regulation of metabolism, including directly boosts energy metabolism and triggers rapid protein synthesis and regulates mitochondrial gene transcription, etc. Iodine is necessary for the production of T3and T4, deficiency of Iodine can lead to enlarge thyroid grand and goitre.

Thyroid hormone and Carbohydrate metabolism

In the study to evaluate Carbohydrate metabolism in nine patients with subacute thyroiditis before treatment and after recovery, showed that Glucose area during oral glucose tolerance test was significantly correlated with the elevated thyroxine (r = 0.8, p less than 0.01), and triidothyronine (r = 0.66, p less than 0.05). The results indicated the importance of follow-up study of glucose tolerance in subacute thyroiditis as well as similarity of carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities in hyperthyroidism(3).

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Sources
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7034290

Saturday, May 13, 2017

Thyroid hormone and brain development

Thyroid hormone and brain development

Thyroid hormones (TH) are essential for normal brain development. Even subclinical hypothyroidism experienced in utero can result in neuropsychological deficits in children despite normal thyroid status at birth, researchers summerized that epidemiological, preclinical and animal research has clearly identified the critical role of TH in brain development. Additional work is required to understand the impact of low level perturbations of the thyroid axis to evaluate the risk associated with environmental contaminants with thyroid action(5).

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Sources
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22138353

Friday, May 12, 2017

Thyroid hormone and lipid metabolism

Thyroid hormone and lipid metabolism

Thyroid hormone (T3) and its receptor (TR) have the diverse effects on the lipid metabolism and hypothyroidism causes hypercholesterolaemia characterized by increased levels of low-density ripoproteins (LDL). In the study by Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, researchers described that the existence of the complex cross-talks in the lipid metabolism between TR and other nuclear hormone receptors including peroxisome proliferator -activated receptors (PPARs), liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha) and farnesoid X receptors (FXRs). Understanding for the function of TRs and other nuclear factors may provide the new approach to the control of hypercholesterolaemia(2).

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Sources
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17154100

Thursday, May 11, 2017

Thyroid hormone: Excessive iodine intake (or deficiency) and goitre

Thyroid hormone in Excessive iodine intake (or deficiency) and goitre

In the study to investigate the associations between intakes of iodine and water chemicals and the thyroid gland status of schoolchildren living in the coastal city of Port Sudan, researchers at 1 Sudan Atomic Energy Commission, Khartoum, found that the coastal city of Port Sudan is a goitre-endemic area. In contrast to other Sudanese cities in which endemic goitre is related to iodine deficiency, goitre in Port Sudan is associated with iodine excess. Water chemicals seemed to have no effects on thyroid status(1)

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23206325

Wednesday, May 10, 2017

Hormone Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and life span

Hormone Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)

Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter derived from tryptophan, primarily found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, platelets, and in the central nervous system (CNS). In Gut, serotonin regulates intestinal movements, in CNS, it regulates mood, appetite, sleep, memory and learning, etc.

Hormone Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and life span

In the study to develop a new quantitative method to analyze Caenorhabditis elegans behavioral states, found that the proportion of time spent in each state is modulated by past nutritional experiences of the animal. This two-state behavior is regulated through serotonin as well as insulin and TGF-beta signaling pathways. Biogenic amines signaling could allow the worm to adapt to fast changes in the environment when peptide transcriptional pathways may mediate slower adaptive changes(49).

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Sources
(49) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2762077/

Monday, May 8, 2017

Hormone Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and inflammatory pain

Hormone Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and inflammatory pain

In the study to investigate the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique used to examine the changes of the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptors in the rat lumbar dorsal root ganglion (DRG) following subcutaneous bee venom (BV) injection into the plantar surface of the unilateral hindpaw, showed that the different sets of 5-HT receptor subtypes work at different stages of the inflammatory pain induced by subcutaneous BV injection(48).

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Sources
(48) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15664120

Sunday, May 7, 2017

Hormone Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in N-acetyl serotonin and neuroprotectants for retinas

Hormone Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in N-acetyl serotonin and neuroprotectants for retinas

N-acetylserotonin (NAS) is synthesized from serotonin by arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT), which is predominantly expressed in the pineal gland and retina. Researchers at the Emory University School of Medicine, found that he compound N-[2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-2-oxopiperidine-3-carboxamide (HIOC) selectively activates TrkB receptor with greater potency than NAS. It potently protects retinas from light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD), which is tightly coupled with pronounced TrkB activation in retinas. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrate that this compound is stable in serum and liver microsomes. It can pass the blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier. Hence, HIOC is a good lead compound for further drug development for treating retinal degenerative diseases(47).

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Sources
(47) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22331903