Vitamin B2 and Endometrial Cancer

Kyle J. Norton (Draft Article)

Depending to the stage and grade of the cancer, chemotherapy such as Doxorubicin, Cisplatin. Paclitaxel, Carboplatin, Topotecan may be necessary after surgery with certain side effects. Although epidemiological studies focusing the effective of vegetables and fruits in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer with inconclusive results(1)(2)(3)(4), certain Vitamins, through clinical studies have found to be effective in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer with little or no side effect.

Vitamin B2 also known as  Riboflavin, is a water-soluble, yellow-orange organic compound found abundantly in milk, meat, eggs, nuts, enriched flour, green vegetables, etc. The vitamin is essential for normal cellular growth and function and best known for converting energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrates during metabolism and its antioxidant effects in oxidation-reduction reactions.

Epidemiological studies. linking dietary vitamin B2 in reduced risk of endometrial cancer have produced inconclusive results. The study of Harvard School of Public Health showed a inverse association of vitamin B2  related to the risk of endometrial cancer in a relatively small size of study(5). the co administration of  riboflavin (45 mg/kg bw/day), niacin (100 mg/kg bw/day) and ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg bw/day) along with tamoxifen (45 mg/kg bw/day), in experimental animals with endometrial cancer bearing rats, exhibited a significant decrease in the activity of glycolytic enzymes and a significant increase in the deficient activities of gluconeogenic enzymes to near normal levels, but not individually(6). Unfortunately, the study of Fu Dan University School of Public Health indicted no significant association was observed for dietary vitamin B1 or vitamin B2 and risk of endometrial cancer, in a population-based case-control study of 1,204 newly diagnosed endometrial cancer cases and 1,212 age frequency-matched controls(7)(8). IN the study of one-carbon metabolism correlated to the incidence of endometrial cancer using 26 years of follow-up data from the Nurses' Health Study, indicated a no association of endometrial cancer risk with dietary levels of folate, choline, methionine, vitamin B2, vitamin B6 or vitamin B1(9).

Taking altogether, without going into reviews, composition administration of vitamin B2  and other micro nutrients such as niacin  and ascorbic acid, but not vitamin B2 itself may be associated in reduced risk and treatment of endometrial cancer. But large example and multi-centers studies are necessary to identify their effectiveness. Over doses for a prolong period may cause symptoms of skin rashes, hypersensitivity, high blood pressure etc., please make sure you follow the guideline of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies.

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References
(1) Conference on "Multidisciplinary approaches to nutritional problems". Symposium on "Nutrition and health". Cruciferous vegetable intake and the risk of human cancer: epidemiological evidence BY Kim MK, Park JH(PubMed)
(2) Epidemiological studies on brassica vegetables and cancer risk by Verhoeven DT, Goldbohm RA, van Poppel G, Verhagen H, van den Brandt PA(PubMed)
(3) Brassica vegetables and cancer prevention. Epidemiology and mechanisms by van Poppel G, Verhoeven DT, Verhagen H, Goldbohm RA.(PubMed)
(4) Fruits and vegetables and endometrial cancer risk: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis by Bandera EV, Kushi LH, Moore DF, Gifkins DM, McCullough ML(PubMed)(5) Diet in relation to endometrial cancer risk: a case-control study in Greece by Petridou E¹, Kedikoglou S, Koukoulomatis P, Dessypris N, Trichopoulos D(PubMed)
(6) Therapeutic potential of riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in secondary endometrial carcinoma bearing rats by Sundravel S¹, Shanthi P, Sachdanandam P.(PubMed)
(7) Nutritional factors in relation to endometrial cancer: a report from a population-based case-control study in Shanghai, China by Xu WH¹, Dai Q, Xiang YB, Zhao GM, Ruan ZX, Cheng JR, Zheng W, Shu XO.(PubMed)
(8) Dietary folate intake, MTHFR genetic polymorphisms, and the risk of endometrial cancer among Chinese women by Xu WH¹, Shrubsole MJ, Xiang YB, Cai Q, Zhao GM, Ruan ZX, Cheng JR, Zheng W, Shu XO.(PubMed)