Pregnancy loss is a natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is born, including spontaneous abortion, miscarry, stillbirth...
Coffee, becoming a popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roast bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
In a total of 130 456 participants and 3429 cases in fourteen included studies, researchers found that women with
* No or very low caffeine intake, have a relative risk of pregnancy loss of 1.02.
* Moderate intake (150-349 mg/d) showed an increased relative risk of 1·16.
* High intake (350-699 mg/d) showed a relative risk of 1·40.
* Very high intake (≥ 700 mg/d) showed a relative risk of 1·72
The risks of pregnancy loss were increased linearly and correlatively to numbers of a cup of coffee intake per day.
According to the joint study led by the National University of Singapore and National University Health System, additional intake of 1 cup of coffee in women who are regular coffee drinkers similar to 100 mg/d increment caffeine intake was associated with 7% higher risk of pregnancy loss.
Furthermore, a case-control and cohort review study reported in English, the exposure of caffeine/coffee consumption during pregnancy, from selected 26 studies included (20 of caffeine and eight of coffee) suggested that the relative risk ratio of pregnancy loss due to caffeine consumption was 1.32
The study also found that risk of pregnancy loss increased substantially to 19% for every increased caffeine intake of 150 mg/day and every additional 2 cups of coffee intake, the risk of pregnancy loss increased by 8%.
The findings suggested that excessive maternal caffeinated coffee intake is associated to increase the risk of pregnancy loss. However, researchers can not explain why? pregnant women with the same health condition and gestation age, some are susceptible to pregnancy loss while others do not.
These results might suggest that although excessive coffee intake during pregnancy is considered a risk factor, there must be some others unknown risk factors involved in the manifestation of the onset of the loss.
Truly, there are many implications associated with pregnancy loss including ages of the father, genetic mutation or polymorphism in the father that can lead to the production abnormal chemicals or hormones by the embryo, sperm quality sperm chromosomes, ..... and unhealthy lifestyle choice of the father may also associate to the risk of pregnancy loss.
Dr. By Dr. Suhasini Inamdar, in the article "A man’s unhealthy lifestyle may also be responsible for a miscarriage: posed in the Economic Time wrote, "Men who drink alcohol heavily also have lower sperm motility and concentration. - Excess coffee consumption can further lead to reduced sperm concentration and count. Men who eat red meat have lower implantation and resultant pregnancy rates as well. Not getting enough vitamin D and vitamin B12"
Taking all together, there is no doubt that excessive intake of coffee during pregnancy-induced high risk of pregnancy loss but according to the statistic, North American women seldom drink more than 4 cups/day so we may be in the safe zones.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and risk of pregnancy loss: a categorical and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies by Chen LW1, Wu Y1, Neelakantan N1, Chong MF2, Pan A1, van Dam RM1.(PubMed)
(2) A meta-analysis of the risk of pregnancy loss and caffeine and coffee consumption during pregnancy by Li J1, Zhao H2, Song JM3, Zhang J4, Tang YL5, Xin CM6.(PubMed)
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