Risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) is increased substantially in the excessive coffee women during pregnancy, some studies suggested.
Spontaneous abortion is a clinically recognized pregnancy loss within the 20 weeks of gestation.
According to the World Organization of Health, fetus expulsion or extraction, weighing 500 g or less. are considered spontaneous abortion.
Believe or not, spontaneous abortion happens quite common in the early stage of pregnancy and the risk is decreased substantially with increasing gestational age.
Genetically, the causes of spontaneous abortion (SAB) are associated with mutation of genes inherited from the parents. researchers found that genes that cause the alternation of intrauterine fetal demise, blighted ovum, partial and molar pregnancy are the most common forms of spontaneous abortion.
Externally, maternal age, poor diet, excessive use of alcohol, smoking, untreated thyroid disease uncontrolled diabetes, use of certain medication and the physical problem with reproductive organs are associated with a significant risk of the incidence.
Furthermore, women who have a family history and previous miscarriage are also at the higher risk of the onset of spontaneous abortion (SAB).
Coffee, one of the most popular and social beverage all over the world, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roasted bean from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
In a case-controlled study conducted in Milan of 561 (72%) cases of spontaneous abortion and 877 (57%) controls, coffee drinking during the first trimester of the index pregnancy with healthy women who gave birth at term (> 37 weeks gestation) to healthy infants as control, researchers found that
* Coffee intake of 1, 2 or 3, and 4 or more cups of coffee per day, are associated to increase the risk of 1.2, 1.8 and 4.0, respectively in compared to nondrinkers.
* The risk of pregnancy loss also is associated to the duration in years of coffee drinking. The estimated multivariate odds ratios of spontaneous abortion were 1.1 compared to non-coffee intake group.
Furthermore, in the evaluated effect of caffeine in influence of miscarriage researchers at the Boston University School of Public Health, conducted a prospective cohort study included 5132 Danish women planning pregnancy, enrolled from 2007 to 2010, after carefully assessing the returned beverage consumption on questionnaires, researcher found that spontaneous abortion (SAB) is 1.62 higher in women consumed more than 300 mg/day of caffeine per day, in compared to 1.09 in women who consume <100 mg/day.
Specifically, women with daily intake of caffeine of
* <100 mg/day showed a materially associated with SAB risk of 1.09.
* 100-199mg/day showed a materially associated with SAB risk of 0,89.
* 200-299mg/day showed a materially associated with SAB risk of 1.33.
Interestingly, in prospective cohort study included 15,590 pregnancies from 11,072 women with no history of SAB in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-2009) with beverage intake assessed every 4 years using a validated questionnaire in case pregnancies lost spontaneously at <20 weeks gestation, total coffee intake had a positive, linear association with SAB.
Compared to non-pre-pregnancy coffee intake, the risk of SAB increased by 20% for women consuming ≥4 servings/day.
More importantly, Dr. Gaskins AJ, the lead author said, "Pre-pregnancy coffee consumption at levels ≥4 servings/day is associated with increased risk of SAB, particularly at weeks 8-19".
Taking together, there is no doubt that caffeinated coffee may contribute to a relative risk of spontaneous abortion (SAB) for women consuming more than 4 cups per day.
Women who are pregnant between 12 to 20 weeks of gestation with excessive coffee intake habit are recommended to consult with their doctors.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Coffee consumption and risk of hospitalized miscarriage before 12 weeks of gestation by Parazzini F1, Chatenoud L, Di Cintio E, Mezzopane R, Surace M, Zanconato G, Fedele L, Benzi G.(PubMed)
(2) Caffeine and caffeinated beverage consumption and risk of spontaneous abortion by Hahn KA1, Wise LA2, Rothman KJ3, Mikkelsen EM4, Brogly SB5, Sørensen HT6, Riis AH4, Hatch EE5.(PubMed)
(3) Pre-pregnancy caffeine and caffeinated beverage intake and risk of spontaneous abortion by Gaskins AJ1,2, Rich-Edwards JW3,4,5, Williams PL3,6, Toth TL7, Missmer SA3,4,8,9, Chavarro JE10,3,4.(PubMed)
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