Inflammation is a natural response induced by the immune system in which the white blood cells in the first line of defense try to destroy the harmful pathogens before they can enter the body to multiply in the acute phase of infection
However, overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines in this phase can cause damage to the nearby healthy cells, leading abnormal production of collagen ratio in the initiation of scars forming.
Most pathogens are stopped in the acute phase of infection, depending on the location and the size of the wound and tissues damage.
If the immune system can not kill off all invaded pathogens with a set of period of time, it will compromise, leading to the low-grade chronic inflammation with the persistent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the affected area.
Long-term low-grade inflammation ultimately leads to tissues and organs damage, inducing a number of chronic illness, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Symptoms of low-grade chronic inflammation include body pain as in arthritis, constant fatigue and insomnia as in cancer, depression, anxiety and mood disorders due to pain. gastrointestinal complications like constipation, diarrhea, and acid reflux, unintended weight loss or gain depending on the infected tissues and organs.
According to statistics, chronic inflammatory diseases affects approximately 350 million people worldwide and nearly 43 million people in the United States or almost 20% of the population. The prevalence of diseases associated with chronic inflammation is anticipated to increase persistently for the next 30 years, causing a financial burden on the economy and health care sector.
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native in demagogical South Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.
With an aim to find a natural compound for the treatment of diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including cancers, researchers examined the effects of the turmeric through its bioactive components.
According to the review of previous studies, turmeric oil, present in turmeric, can enhance the bioavailability of curcumin.
In other words, essential oil isolated from turmeric in the form of curcumin-free turmeric (CFT) components is more effective for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease compared to other extracts.
In the components analysis, turmerin, turmerone, elemene, furanodiene, curdione, bisacurone, cyclocurcumin, calebin A, and germacrene were all contributed to the efficacy of the curcumin-free turmeric (CFT).
In examining the effect of ar-turmerone (ATM) and turmerones (TUR, a mixture of 5 sesquiterpenes including ATM) against disease associated with inflammation, researchers found that both CUR and ATM inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced expression of inducible forms of inflammation by exhibiting the production of free radicals and protein involved overexpression proinflammatory cytokines.
Furthermore, ATM prevented LPS-induced translocation of certain inflammatory genes.
In a colitis model, oral administration of TUR significantly protected the large bowel against 2% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced shortening of the large bowel by 52-58% and colon carcinogenesis.
Moreover, at a low dose, TUR markedly suppressed adenoma multiplicity by 73%, compared to the range of 63-69% of CUR.
Also, the combination of CUR and TUR at both low and high doses showed a complete abolish of tumor formation.
Based on the findings, Murakami A, the lead scientist in the chronic inflammatory disease team wrote, "we consider that its use in combination with CUR may become a powerful method for prevention of inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis".
Taken altogether, turmeric in the form of essential oil, CUR, and TUR may be considered herbal remedies for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with chronic inflammation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of turmeric in form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Curcumin-free turmeric exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities: Identification of novel components of turmeric by Aggarwal BB1, Yuan W, Li S, Gupta SC. (PubMed)
(2) Curcumin combined with turmerones, essential oil components of turmeric, abolishes inflammation-associated mouse colon carcinogenesis by Murakami A1, Furukawa I, Miyamoto S, Tanaka T, Ohigashi H. (PubMed)
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