Neuroinflammation is a process of the immune system that responds to harmful pathogens that induced oxidative stress to the brain.
Neuroinflammation is also the inflammation of nervous tissue associated with the immune response in the first phase of infection including infection, traumatic brain injury, toxic metabolites, or autoimmunity.
There many risk factors associated with the onset of neuroinflammation similar to other tissues inflammation, including infection, traumatic brain injury, toxic metabolites, or autoimmunity.
Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system in which the macrophages of the first defense stimulates the production of blood palette to cover the wound in case of injury and production of proinflammatory cytokines to the site of infection to fence off the foreign pathogens.
Inflammation also can be triggered by the immune mistakenly attacked the body tissues in cases of autoimmune disease.
The neuroinflammatory disease can be acute or chronic. Chronic neuroinflammation that leads to the activation of glial cells and the recruitment of inflammatory cytokines into the brain is found to associate with neurodegenerative diseases.
Most cases of the neuroinflammatory disease associated with the loss of neuronal structure and function.can be measured by the typical inflammatory markers, including CSF Aβ1-42, tau and p-tau181, and a panel of 37 neuroinflammatory markers in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of neurological disorders, scientists examined the effects of dangguishaoyao-san (DSS) (Angelica sinensis, Paeoniae radix, Rhizoma Ligusticum, Poria cocos, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, and Rhizoma Alismatis) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells.
Angelica or Danggui is a herb of Genus Angelica from the family Apiaceae, indigenous to China.
The herb has been used as a Queen herb in traditional Chinese medicine antispasmodic and vasodilatory agent, and to balance the hormones in women for a normal menstrual cycle and menstruation and strengthen the heart, spleen, kidneys, and liver for both men and women, etc. In other words, it is used to treat gynecological ailments, fatigue, mild anemia, and high blood pressure. It has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, etc.
According to the results of BV-2 cells pretreated with 0.58-1.16 mg/mL of DSS for 2 h and then treated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h,
* DSS treatment at concentrations of 0.58-1.16 mg/mL did not induce significant cytotoxicity.
* DSS attenuated the release of pro-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), iNOS and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in LPS-induced BV-2 cells.
* DSS attenuated the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TLR2, and TLR4 by decreasing TLR4 and TLR protein levels and decreased levels of phosphorylation of IκB which regulates the cellular response to inflammation in LPS-induced BV-2 cells.
* DSS also down-regulated the nuclear translocation of p65 in the initiation of cancer cell proliferation and survival.
Based on the results, researchers suggest, " DSS has a protective effect on neuroinflammation in LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells through the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway".
Taken altogether, Dandelion may be considered an antioxidant remedy for the treatment of neuroinflammation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Dangguishaoyao-San attenuates LPS-induced neuroinflammation via the TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway by Ding RR1, Chen W1, Guo CY1, Liao WT1, Yang X2, Liao FE3, Lin JM4, Mei HF5, Zeng Y. (PubMed)
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