Medical Advisor Journals

Tuesday, March 22, 2016

Most Common Diseases of elder: Respiratory Pleural disease: Pleural effusion - The Phytochemicals

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Respiratory Disease

Respiratory Disease is defined as medical conditions, affecting the breathing organ and tissues including Inflammatory lung disease, Obstructive lung diseases, Restrictive lung diseases, Respiratory tract infections, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, the nerves and muscles breathing , etc,.

Pleural disease: Pleural effusion

The pleura is a thin tissue covered by a layer of cells (mesothelial cells) that surrounds the lungs and lines the inside of the chest wall.
Pleural effusion is a condition of collection of fluid within the pleural cavity as a result of heart failure, bleeding (hemothorax), infections, excessive or decreased fluid volume, etc.

The Phytochemicals

a. Epigallo-catechin-galleate (EGCG)
According to the study by the Harvard Medical School, Boston, EGCG abundantly in green tea, has great potential in ameliorating the development of obliterative airway disease(61).

b. Catechin polyphenols (GTPs)
Other study indicated that oral green tea catechin polyphenols (GTPs) attenuates IH-induced spatial learning deficits and mitigates IH-induced oxidative stress through multiple beneficial effects on oxidant pathways(62).

c. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane)
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is an orange-yellow component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder. According to the study by, curcumin has been shown in the last two decades to be a potent immunomodulatory agent that can modulate the activation of T cells, B cells, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. Curcumin can also downregulate the expression of various proinflammatory cytokines including TNF, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, and chemokines, most likely through inactivation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Interestingly, however, curcumin at low doses can also enhance antibody responses(63).

d. Ursolic acid, betulin
In the study to investigate whether ursolic acid, betulin and 2 kinds of sulfur-containing compounds–NAC and MESNA–affect mucin release from airway goblet cells and compared the possible activities of these agents with the inhibitory action on mucin release by PLL and the stimulatory action by ATP, showed that ursolic acid and betulin can stimulate mucin release by directly acting on airway mucin-secreting cells and suggest that these agents be further investigated for the possible use as mucoregulators in the treatment of chronic airway diseases(64).

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Sources
(61) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21787235
(62) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18276944
(63) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17211725
(64) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15643543

The Best Smoothie of Grape, Cinnamon and Cornus fruit juice, for prevention and Treatment of Glomerular Diseases

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.

Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post

Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years

Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The smoothie for prevention and treatment of Glomerular Diseases

Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)

1 1/2 cups grape
1/2 tsp cinnamon
1 cup Cornus fruit juice

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute

2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.

3. Serve immediately

Glomerular Diseases, also known as glomerular nephritis are progressive kidney diseases caused by several factors, including medication, infection, diseases,.... induced inflammation either of the glomeruli or of the small blood vessels in the kidneys... , affecting the normal functions of kidney.

The finding of a natural source for treatment of Glomerular Diseases has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in large sample size and mutli centers human trials.

Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Cornus fruit juice, Olive and Grape Juice may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases(CKD).

Shan Zhu Yu is also known as Cornus fruit. The sour, acrid, slightly warm, not toxic herb has been used in TCM to tonify liver and kidney meridians and to treat impotence, spermatozoa, instant sweating, sore or week knees,...... According to the joint study conducted by Anhui Medical University, cornus fruit effectively treat diabetic nephropathy and related kidney diseases, through its antioxidants loganin and derivatives(1).

Dr. Xu H and professors at the Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, in the study of the protective effects of morroniside and loganin extrac

ted from Cornus officinalis, suggested, the phytochemicals altered renal mesangial cell (MCs) growth, a feature of early stages of diabetic nephropathy (DN) through regulating cycle arrest of MC growth by preventing oxidative stress(2).

Furthermore, morroniside also exhibited anti renal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, by inhibiting hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, according to the study by University of Toyama, Toyama(3).

Cinnamon, a traditional spice and medicine in China, is used to treat diseases resulted from kidney yang deficiency, including diabetic nephropathy(4). According to the National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India, procyanidin-B2 (PCB2), the active component from cinnamon inhibited advanced glycation endproducts (AGE) accumulation in diabetic rat kidney and ameliorated AGE mediated pathogenesis of DN.(5).

According to Dr. Mishra A and researchers at the Guru Nanak Dev University, cinnamaldehyde isolated from cinnamon, expressed significant protection against alloxan-induced renal damage, and induced maximum decrease in fasting blood glucose at the dose of 20 mg/kg(6).

Resveratrol, a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in blueberry and grape, exhibited kidney protective effect against long-term diabetic complications by significant inhibition of AGEs formation(7).

According to the study by Dr. Albertoni G and Dr. Schor N said, " RES can ameliorate several types of renal injury in animal models, including diabetic nephropathy, hyperuricemic, drug-induced injury, aldosterone-induced injury, ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis-related injury, and endothelial dysfunction"(8).

Furthermore, the antioxidant also exhibited renoprotective activity against diabetic nephropathy, through anti high glucose-induced EMT involved developmental processes neural tube formation via inhibition of NADPH oxidase/ROS/ERK1/2 pathway in modulated the ROS expression(9).

The effectiveness of grape, Cinnamon and Cornus fruit juice may serve as cornerstones of pharmaceutical target for further studies in production of a potential medication for reduced risk, complications and treatment of Glomerular Diseases with little or no adverse effects.

People who are at high risk of Glomerular Diseases due to aging, weaken reno function... should drink at least one serving daily and women with Glomerular Diseases should drink no more than 4 servings daily, depending to digestive toleration.

Life style and diet pattern change are necessary.

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable

You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis

By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination

Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To

Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(1) Bioactive compounds from Cornus officinalis fruits and their effects on diabetic nephropathy.
by Ma W1, Wang KJ2, Cheng CS2, Yan GQ2, Lu WL1, Ge JF1, Cheng YX3, Li N4.(PubMed)

(2) Morroniside and loganin extracted from Cornus officinalis have protective effects on rat mesangial cell proliferation exposed to advanced glycation end products by preventing oxidative stress by Xu H1, Shen J, Liu H, Shi Y, Li L, Wei M.(PubMed)

(3) Protective effects of morroniside isolated from Corni Fructus against renal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats byYokozawa T1, Yamabe N, Kim HY, Kang KS, Hur JM, Park CH, Tanaka T.(PubMed)

(4) Anti-diabetic nephropathy compounds from Cinnamomum cassia by Yan YM1, Fang P2, Yang MT2, Li N3, Lu Q3, Cheng YX4.(PubMed)

(5) Effect of cinnamon and its procyanidin-B2 enriched fraction on diabetic nephropathy in rats. by Muthenna P1, Raghu G1, Kumar PA1, Surekha MV1, Reddy GB2.(PubMed)

(6) Ameliorative effect of the cinnamon oil from Cinnamomum zeylanicum upon early stage diabetic nephropathy by Mishra A1, Bhatti R, Singh A, Singh Ishar MP.(PubMed)

(7) Therapeutic potential of resveratrol in diabetic complications: In vitro and in vivo studies by Ciddi V1, Dodda D2.(PubMed)

(8) Resveratrol plays important role in protective mechanisms in renal disease--mini-review [Article in English, Portuguese] by Albertoni G1, Schor N1.(PubMed)

(9) Resveratrol prevents high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting NADPH oxidase/ROS/ERK pathway by He T1, Guan X1, Wang S2, Xiao T1, Yang K1, Xu X1, Wang J2, Zhao J3.(PubMed)

Most Common Diseases of elder: Respiratory Pleural disease: Pleural effusion - The Diet

Green tea, turmeric and grape seek and skin contain powerful natural sources of antioxidants in targeting oxidative stress with antioxidants or boosting the endogenous levels of antioxidants is likely to be beneficial in the treatment of inflammatory repiratory diseases. Accoding to the study by the dietary polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol, green tea, catechins/quercetin), have been reported to control nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, regulation of glutathione biosynthesis genes, chromatin remodeling, and hence inflammatory gene expression(59).
Other study also indicated that Turmeric is known for its multiple health restoring properties, and has been used in treating several diseases including several respiratory disorders. Turmeric is a common spice used in the culinary preparations in South and East Asian countries. The active component of turmeric is curcumin, a polyphenolic phytochemical, with anti-inflammatory, antiamyloid, antiseptic, antitumor, and antioxidative properties(60).

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(59) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18046899
(60) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18398870

Monday, March 21, 2016

The Best Smoothie of Green tea, Grape and Sweet Potato for Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Stones

Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Due to its commercial values and health effects, green tea now has been cultivated all over the world in suitable climate. According to the Seoul National University Hospital, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a main constituent of green tea polyphenols processed an inhibitory effect on urinary stone formation, through its anti-oxalate effect(2).

Treatment of Green tea in a total of 120 Wistar rats study also exhibited decreased urinary oxalate excretion and calcium oxalate deposit formation due to antioxidative effects(3).

Dr. Kanlaya R and colleagues in the study led by the Mahidol University said, " EGCG in reducing COM crystal deposition in previous animal models of kidney stone disease. Thus, EGCG may be useful for the prevention of new or recurrent stone formation"(4).

Gallotannin, class of molecules belongings to the hydrolysable tannins found abundantly in grape and blueberry may also exert protective effect against forming of kidney stone(5). According to the Kyung Hee University, gallotannin suppressed calcium oxalate crystal binding and oxalate-induced oxidative stress in renal epithelial cells by upregulating antioxidant expression(5).

Furthermore, the 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose derivative of gallotannin, attenuated renal crystallization and oxidative renal cell injury for treatment of nephrolithiasis(6).

Vitamin E, a fat soluble vitamin found abundantly in sweet potato may also induced protective effect against kidney stone forming through it antioxidant in involvement of free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation-induced membrane damage in the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate crystal deposition and retention(7).

Dr. Thamilselvan S and Dr. Menon M. said, " excess vitamin E completely prevented calcium oxalate deposition, by preventing peroxidative injury and restoring renal tissue antioxidants and glutathione redox balance"(8).

According to the National Taiwan University Hospital, Vitamin E attenuates crystal formation in rat kidneys through educing calcium oxalate accumulation via attenuation of tubular cell death and enhancement of the defensive roles of osteopontinin (OPN), and Tamm-Horsfall protein as crystallization inhibitors(9).

The combination of Green tea, Grape and Sweet Potato smoothie may hold a key in further studies in production of an effective natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of hydronephrosis caused by Kidney Stones without inducing adverse effects.

People who are at increased risk of hydronephrosis caused by Kidney Stones due to drinking habit, family history .....should drink at least one cup daily and people with hydronephrosis caused by Kidney Stones should drink the juices at least 3 times a day, depending to digestive toleration.
Change of life style and diet pattern are also recommended.

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Back to General health http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca/p/general-health.html

Back to Kyle J. Norton Home page http://kylejnorton.blogspot.ca

References
(1) Can ureteral stones cause pain without causing hydronephrosis? bySong Y1, Hernandez N2, Gee MS3, Noble VE4, Eisner BH5.(PubMed)
(2) Effects of green tea on urinary stone formation: an in vivo and in vitro study by Jeong BC1, Kim BS, Kim JI, Kim HH.(PubMed)
(3) Preventive effects of green tea on renal stone formation and the role of oxidative stress in nephrolithiasis by Itoh Y1, Yasui T, Okada A, Tozawa K, Hayashi Y, Kohri K.(PubMed)
(4) EGCG decreases binding of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals onto renal tubular cells via decreased surface expression of alpha-enolase by Kanlaya R1,2, Singhto N1,2, Thongboonkerd V3,4.(PubMed)
(5) Gallotannin suppresses calcium oxalate crystal binding and oxalate-induced oxidative stress in renal epithelial cells by Lee HJ1, Jeong SJ, Park MN, Linnes M, Han HJ, Kim JH, Lieske JC, Kim SH.(PubMed)
(6) 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose reduces renal crystallization and oxidative stress in a hyperoxaluric rat model by Lee HJ1, Jeong SJ, Lee HJ, Lee EO, Bae H, Lieske JC, Kim SH.(PubMed)
(7) Calcium oxalate stone disease: role of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants by Selvam R1.(PubMed)
(8) Vitamin E therapy prevents hyperoxaluria-induced calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the kidney by improving renal tissue antioxidant status by Thamilselvan S1, Menon M.(PubMed)

Most Common Diseases of elder: Respiratory Pleural disease: Pleural effusion - The Diagnosis

According to Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, England, in most diseases related to pleural effusion, the fluid analysis yields important diagnostic information, and in certain cases, fluid analysis alone is enough for diagnosis. The many important characteristics of pleural fluid are described, as are other complementary investigations that can assist with the diagnosis of common and rare pleural effusions(55a)
If you are experience some of the above symptoms, after recording the family history and a complete physical examination, including the examination of the chest, listening to the heart and lungs and tapping on the chest, etc., the tests which your doctor orders may include
1. Chest X-ray
The aim of chest X ray is to investiagte the presence of the fuild. If the fuild is found, lateral decubitus is necessary ot comfirm the disease. According to the study, the Of the 83 patients in whom adequate erect postoperative radiographs were available, 9 (11%) had effusions confirmed by lateral decubitus radiographs(55).

2. Chest Ultrasound
The aim of the test is only to comfirm the presence of the fluid but locate them. According to the study by the China Medical University Hospital, portable chest ultrasound examination and ultrasound-guided thoracentesis in febrile MICU patients are safe, feasible, and useful methods for diagnosing thoracic empyema. Our results suggest that only some sonographic patterns of pleural effusion (homogeneously echogenic, complex nonseptated and relatively hyperechoic, and complex septated) deserve aggressive assessment and rapid management(56).

3. CT scan
CT not only comfirm the presence and location of the fluid, but also the potential cause of the effusion. In the study of Whole-lung CT performed to Acute Lung Injury patients during two breath-holding pressures (5 and 45 cm H2O). Two levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (5 and 15 cm H2O). indicated that Pleural effusion volume was determined on each CT scan section; respiratory system mechanics, gas exchange, and hemodynamics were measured at 5 and 15 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure. In 60 patients, elastances of lung and chest wall were computed, and lung and chest wall displacements were estimated(57).

4. Thoracentesis
The aim of the test is to sample the fluid to comfirm the diagnosis by mearsuring the ration of of protein concentration in the pleural effusion and comparing it to the protein concentration in the blood stream, lactate dehydrogenase, ection, tumor, etc.. According to the study by the Children’s Hospital, University of Florence,, there is a report of a case of an 840 g infant developed a rapid onset of shock-like symptoms. Pericardial and pleural effusions from an indwelling central catheter were diagnosed via echocardiography. A thoracentesis was promptly performed with immediate clinical improvement. The fluid withdrawn from the pleural space was analysed as hyperalimentation(58).

Sources
(55a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21362716
(56) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15486393
(57) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23385101
(58) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15078382

The Smoothie of Green Tea, Orange and Peanut for Prevention and Treatment of Genital Warts

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 5 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The smoothie for prevention and treatment of Genital Warts
Yield: 2 servings (about 8 ounces each)
1 1/4 cup orange
1/4 cup roast peanut
1 cup green tea drink (Make from 4 grams of green tea, a slice of ginger and a cup of hot water lipped for 5 minutes, and let cool to room temperature)

1. Place all ingredients in a blender and puree about 1 minute
2. Blend on high speed about 1 minute or until the mixture is thick and the ice is well crushed.
3. Serve immediately

The finding of a natural source for treatment of Genital Warts has been running into many obstacles, many ingredients showed initially with promising result in animal studies have not produced same potentials in large sample size and mutli centers human trials.Genital warts are a highly contagious and sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and oxidative stress(6).

Recent studies back by well known institutions proposed, Green tea, Olive and Blueberry may be the next generation of natural ingredients for prevention and treatment of Genital Warts. Green tea has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Due to its commercial values and health effects, green tea now has been cultivated all over the world in suitable climate. According to the University of California, The effectiveness of green tea catechins are compared with those of podofilox and imiquimod as topical agents approved for treatment of anogenital warts, through its antiviral, antioxidant, and immunostimulatory properties(1).Dr. Reygaert WC said, "The particular properties of catechins found in the tea have shown promise for having antimicrobial effects"(2).
In human papillomavirus (HPV) in human disease includes external genital and perianal warts (EGW), green-tea extracts sinecatechins modulated and downregulate genes involved in the pro-inflammatory response to HPV infection associated genes in external genital and perianal warts(3).

Vitamin C, found abundantly in orange, a water soluble vitamin may also benefits for patients with
Genital Warts(4). According to the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Intake of vitamins, especially C have been reported to influence immune response in enhancing immunity against human papillomavirus (HPV) infections(5).

Resveratrol is a phytochemical in the class of Stilbenoids, found abundantly in peanuts, etc. According to the Creighton University, resveratrol consist the otential to prevent sexually transmitted infections caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), HSV (herpes simplex virus) and HPV (human papilloma virus)(7). inducing Genital Warts.

The effectiveness of Green tea, Orange and Peanut may serve as cornerstones of pharmaceutical target for further studies in production of a potential medication for reduced risk, complications and treatment of Genital Warts with little or no adverse effects.

People who are at high risk of Genital Warts due to sexual active, weaken immune function... should drink at least one serving daily and women with Genital Warts should drink no more than 4 servings daily, depending to digestive toleration.
Life style and diet pattern change are necessary.

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(1) Green tea catechins for treatment of external genital warts by Meltzer SM1, Monk BJ, Tewari KS.(PubMed)
(2) The antimicrobial possibilities of green tea by Reygaert WC1.(PubMed)
(3) Expression patterns of immune-associated genes in external genital and perianal warts treated with sinecatechins by Doan HQ1, Nguyen HP, Rady P, Tyring SK.(PubMed)
(4) Complementary treatment with oral pidotimod plus vitamin C after laser vaporization for femalegenital warts: a prospective study by Zervoudis S1, Iatrakis G, Peitsidis P, Peitsidou A, Papandonopolos L, Nikolopoulou MK, Papadopoulos L, Vladareanu R.(PubMed)
(5) Diet and genital warts: a case-control study by Bairati I1, Sherman KJ, McKnight B, Habel LA, Van den Eeden SK, Stergachis A, Daling JR.(PubMed)
(6) Determining oxidant and antioxidant status in patients with genital warts. by Cokluk E, Sekeroglu MR, Aslan M, Balahoroglu R, Bilgili SG, Huyut Z.(PubMed)
(7) Natural polyphenols: potential in the prevention of sexually transmitted viral infections by Date AA1, Destache CJ2.(PubMed)

Most Common Diseases of elder: Respiratory Pleural disease: Pleural effusion - The Misdiagnosis

1. Giant bronchogenic cyst
There is a report of a case of giant pulmonary bronchogenic cyst (18 cm × 15 cm × 10 cm) misdiagnosed with loculated pleural effusion. Later Histopathology studies revealed a giant bronchogenic cyst with abscess formation(49).

2. Amoebic liver abscess
There is a report of a 3 year old who had amoebic liver abscess but was wrongly diagnosed and treated for lobar Pneumonia with pleural effusion(50).

3. Extrapleural empyema
there is a report of 49-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and alcoholic liver cirrhosis presented with dyspnoea and fever. A chest computed tomography scan revealed three areas of loculated pleural effusion. Initially, the patient was thought to have an intrapleural empyema and during open drainage, the patient was diagnosed to have an extrapleural empyema(51).

4. False positive for malignancy
there is a report of a 23-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus is reported. The clinical features included fever, shortness of breath, lymphadenopathies, hepatosplenomegaly, pleural and pericardial fluids, ANA and Anti-DNA positivity. Pleural biopsy was false positive for malignancy on two occasions. High CA125 levels were detected in both serum and pleural fluid. Following prednisolone treatment, clinical and laboratory findings returned to normal(52). Other study report of a case of a patient with traumatic hemothorax, showing high pleural fluid concentrations of ferritin, tissue polypeptide antigen, and cancer antigen 125. This patient’s pleural fluid also contained high levels of bilirubin and many macrophages containing phagocytized red blood cells, suggesting a local metabolism of hemoglobin. Our case confirms that some tumoral markers can give false positive results and suggests that their significance must be evaluated differently in bloody pleural effusions as compared with non-bloody pleural effusions(53).

5. Boerhaave’s Syndrome
There is a report of a case of an atypical presentation of Boerhaave’s Syndrome in an elderly female who presented to the Emergency Department with dyspnea, right sided chest pain, right pleural effusion, and hypovolemic shock without an identifiable antecedent event. A chest radiograph revealed massive right hydropneumothorax. After placement of a chest tube, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit. Only 36 hours after admission did the diagnosis of Boerhaave’s Syndrome become evident(54).

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Sources
(49) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21889908
(50) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16805178
(51) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11896906
(52) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8793264
(53) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7673622
(54) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1439110