Medical Advisor Journals

Monday, May 23, 2016

Most common Diseases of 50plus: The Obesity' Research and Studies - Weight Loss Recipe - SALMON AND VEGGIES

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

Weight Loss Recipe - SALMON AND VEGGIES, contributed by Aphil

Makes 4 servings
Exchanges per serving (1/4 recipe)-1 Protein, 1 Vegetable

4-3 ½ or 5 ½ oz. pieces of fresh, skinless salmon fillets (according to plan)
1 t. olive oil
4 med. Zucchini, cut into thin slices
3 cloves garlic
¼ c. fresh orange juice, not from concentrate
½ c. water
½ t. ground white pepper
1 t. chicken bouillon, low sodium cubes
1 T. margarine
2 T. parsley

Heat olive oil in a nonstick pan. Add garlic and zucchini to the pan, stirring constantly. When zucchini is still not fully cooked, remove from heat. Keep warm. Boil orange juice, water, bouillon and pepper in a skillet. Reduce to medium heat; add salmon. Poach for 8-10 minutes or until salmon begins to flake off easily. Place vegetables in a dish, place salmon on top.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Most Common Disease of 50plus: Hypertension- The Effect of Herbal Medicine on High Blood Pressure

The Effect of Herbal Medicine on High Blood Pressure
1. Cayenne
Cayenne contains an active ingredient capsaicin. It has multiple functions including the ability to lower high blood pressure, cholesterol levels and prevent heart disease and strokes.

2.Bugleweed
Bugleweed can help alleviate heart palpitation and high blood pressure.

3. Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo biloba can help to support peripheral circulation, and aids small vessel circulation therefore reducing high blood pressure.

4.Tansy
Tansy is a herb for heart palpitation and also helps to regulating blood circulation and lowering high blood pressure. Tansy can be consumed as a tea.

5.Garlic
Garlic shines as a cardiovascular disease preventive. It contributes to the lowering of cholesterol levels and elevated blood pressure,.It also helps prevent blog clots in the arterial wall when taken with vitamin E.

6.Arjuna
Arjuna is an Ayurvedic herb for improving circulation to the heart and normalizing high blood pressure. It also helps to reverse soft tissue damage to internal organs and muscles.

7.Mistletoe
Mistletoe extract helps to relive heart strain, stimulate circulation and lower blood pressure. Do not eat mistletoe berries because it is poisonous.
There are many more herbs such as bilberry, wild yam, mother wort, alfalfa, etc. They also have
sources of nutrition that help to lower high blood pressure, reducing cholesterol levels, increasing circulation of blood and preventing blood clots in the arterial walls therefore they also can assist in treating and preventing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Most Common Disease of 50plus: High Blood Cholesterol - The Effects of Herbal Medicine on Cholesterol Level

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Cholesterol level is controllable through intake of healthy foods because healthy foods contain high levels of HDL that help to remove LDL from blood to the liver where it is eliminated. In this article, we will provide the information of how nutritional supplements help in lowering cholesterol.
Nutritional supplements place an important role in lowering cholesterol levels for cost effectiveness and little side effects compared to prescription medications.

If you have too much low density lipoprotein LDL known as bad cholesterol, overtime cholesterol can build up in your arterial walls causing blockage and leading to heart attack and stroke. Beside prescription drugs and others, herbs place an important role in helping to lower cholesterol levels.
Today because of high cost and side effects of prescription drugs, many people try to seek help from herbalists for cost effectiveness and results.
Here are some herbs that have proven record in lowering cholesterol levels
1. Fenugreek seeds
Fenugreek seeds contain alkaloid, protein high in lysine and L-trytophan that can help to inhibit cholesterol absorption. Study shows that fenugreek seeds help lower LDL cholesterol levels and triglycerides but not lower HDL cholesterol levels.

2.Garlic
As we mentioned in "nature of superfood--the best 2 superfoods", we know that garlic contains hugh amounts of oganosulfure. This helps in lowering LDL cholesterol levels and triglycerides while raising HDL cholesterol levels.

3.Hawk thorn berry
Hawk thorn berry contains bioflavonoia that help in increasing the blood to the blood muscles, therefore it helps to prevent and reduce blood vessel degeneration. Daily consumptions of hawk thorn berry can enhance circulation and treat valvula insufficiency, irregular pulse and abnormal acid levels in the blood. Study shows that hawk thorn berry bioflavonoia also helps in
lowering LDL cholesterol levels and triglycerides while raising HDL cholesterol levels.

4.Alfalfa
Alfalfa contains fiber and chemicals that help to keep the LDL cholesterol away from being deposited in the blood vessels resulting in more harmful cholesterol leaving the body while not affecting HDL cholesterol.

5. Bilberry extract
Bilberry extract contains anthocyanosides that help to strengthen the blood vessels that supply the retina and help to prevent the bleeding of these blood vessels. Bilberry’s anthocyanosides also function in exerting antioxidant effects that inhibit the oxidation of LDL cholesterol.

6. Ginger
Ginger helps to lower cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure and prevent blood clots in the arterial walls when taken with vitamin E. It also helps to stimulate and revitalize the heart muscle and strengthen the peripheral's circulation.

7.Capsicum Extract
Capsicum extract contains chemicals stimulating properties and create increased blood flow. Study shows that capsicum extract help to reduce high blood pressure and lower cholesterol levels.

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Most Common Disease of 50plus: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica): The Symptoms

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia

Polymyalagia Arthritis (Rheumatica)

Polymalagia Arthritis is defined as a condition a common inflammatory rheumatic disease which causes pain, stiffness and tenderness in large muscles, including muscles shoulders and pelvic girdle as a result of the presence of a synovitis in proximal joints and periarticular structures.

The Symptoms

1. Dr. Kennedy-Malone LM, and Dr. Enevold GL. at the University of North Carolina School of Nursing in Greensbor, showed that Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a rheumatic condition with pain and stiffness, primarily in the neck, shoulders, hips, and pelvic girdle.(3). The prevalence of polymyalgia rheumatica is approximately 16.8 to 53.7 per 100,000 of the population >50 years of age(5)

2. Hôpital Ballangerstudy in differentiation of crowned dens syndrome were misdiagnosed as polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, meningitis or spondylitis suggested that symptoms of PRA may also include fever, cervical stiffness, headaches and biological inflammatory syndrome(4).

3. Low back pain
Low back pain in patient with Polymalagia Rheumatica may be resulted of affecting predominantly extra-articular synovial structures, causing inflammation of lumbar bursae(5).

4. According to Eleonora Reicher Rheumatology Institute, Warszawa, Poland, Patients with RA may present with symptoms of malaise, fatigue, weight loss and other features suggesting inflammation(5).

5. Dr. Lim SH and Dr. McLeay G. also expressed concerns of the prevalence of PMR with symptoms and signs are often nonspecific in elderly as the syndrome pain and stiffness in the proximal muscles, anorexia, fatigue, depression, weight loss, fever and temporal headache(6).

6. Other symptoms have also been found to associate to patient with PMA including sleep disturbance. anxiety, and depression, according to the joint study lead by the University of Leeds(7).

7. The disease is also found to be influential to patient poor functional impact; impact on daily schedule(8) as a result of "overwhelming" symptoms, in prevented them carrying out "fundamental activities" and "generally living life"(8).

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References

(3) Assessment and management of polymyalgia rheumatica in older adults by Kennedy-Malone LM1, Enevold GL.(PubMed)
(4) Crowned dens syndrome misdiagnosed as polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, meningitis or spondylitis: an analysis of eight cases by Aouba A1, Vuillemin-Bodaghi V, Mutschler C, De Bandt M.(PubMed)
(5) [Polymyalgia rheumatica mimicking neoplastic disease--significant problem in elderly patients].
[Article in Polish] by Kwiatkowska B1, Filipowicz-Sosnowska A.(PubMed)
(6) Locked jaw in polymyalgia rheumatica by Lim SH1, McLeay G.(PubMed)
(7) Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR) Special Interest Group at OMERACT 11: outcomes of importance for patients with PMR by Mackie SL1, Arat S, da Silva J, Duarte C, Halliday S, Hughes R, Morris M, Pease CT, Sherman JW, Simon LS, Walsh M, Westhovens R, Zakout S, Kirwan JR.(PubMed)
(8) "An impediment to living life": why and how should we measure stiffness in polymyalgia rheumatica? by Mackie SL1, Hughes R2, Walsh M2, Day J3, Newton M3, Pease C4, Kirwan J5, Morris M6.(PubMed)
(8) A case of polymyalgia rheumatica following influenza B infection by Iwata K1, Mizuno Y2.(PubMed

Most common Diseases of 50plus: The Obesity' Research and Studies - The weight loss recipes: Apple Pie

The weight loss recipes: Apple Pie

Ingredients (1)

1½ cups rolled oats
2 tbsp. wheat germ
2 pkg. artificial sweetener
2 tbsp. melted soft, light margarine
2 tsp. baking powder
2/3 cup (5 oz.) fat-free vanilla yogurt
2 medium sweet apples
½ cup unsweetened applesauce
½ tsp. cinnamon

Preheat oven to 375°F. Mix rolled oats, wheat germ, one package of artificial sweetener, margarine, baking powder, and vanilla yogurt. Let stand for one hour. Spray a spring form pan with nonstick, fat-free cooking spray. Spread oat batter ¼ inch thick in pan. Peel, core, and thinly slice apples. Cover oat batter with a layer of apple and two tablespoons of applesauce. Sprinkle with cinnamon. Repeat layering until all apples and sauce are used. Sprinkle remaining artificial sweetener on apples. Bake until golden brown.

Serves six. One serving equals ½ fruit, 1 starch, 1 fat, 1/8 dairy.

Most common Diseases of 50plus: The Obesity' Research and Studies - Weight Loss and Aminotransferase Levels

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

Aminotransferases is an ezyme found in liver, heart, muscle, kidney, and brain and released if any one of these tissues is damaged. High levels of Aminotransferase is an indication of liver and muscle disease.
In a study of 59 women with with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were randomly enrolled in a non-controlled clinical intervention study to receive either LCD or LFD during six months by From the Biomedical Research Unit, Mexican Social Security Institute and the Research Group on Diabetes and Chronic Illnesses, Durango, Mexico., researchers found The weight loss was 5.7 and 5.5% for women in the LCD LFD groups. Although the decrease of AST (31.7 and 22.4%) and ALT (41 and 33.3%) levels was more elevated in the women of LCD group, as compared with the LFD group, there were not significant statistical differences.
Conclusions. Our results show that weight loss, irrespective of the type of diet, reduces aminotransferase levels in obese women with NAFLD. (1)
This result indicates that weight loss reduces the risk of liver damage and disease.

All Forms of Arthritis are Curable
You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer(1) `Decrease of aminotransferase levels in obese women is related to body weightreduction, irrespective of type of diet.`by Rodríguez-Hernández H, Cervantes-Huerta M, Rodríguez-Moran M, Guerrero-Romero F. (PubMed)

Phytochemicals In Foods: The effects of Sulphoraphane

Sulphoraphane are phytochemicals in the class of Dithiolthiones, belonging to group of Organosulfides, found abundantly in broccoli, Brussels sprouts or cabbages, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Prostate cancer
In the investigation of the effects of Sulforaphane (SFN) on DNA methylation status of cyclin D2 promoter, and how alteration in promoter methylation impacts cyclin D2 gene expression in LnCap cells, found that SFN significantly decreased the expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), especially DNMT1 and DNMT3b. Furthermore, SFN significantly decreased methylation in cyclin D2 promoter regions containing c-Myc and multiple Sp1 binding sites. Reduced methlyation of cyclin D2 promoter corresponded to an increase in cyclin D2 transcript levels, suggesting that SFN may de-repress methylation-silenced cyclin D2 by impacting epigenetic pathways, according to "Promoter de-methylation of cyclin D2 bysulforaphane in prostate cancer cells" by Hsu A, Wong CP, Yu Z, Williams DE, Dashwood RH, Ho E.(1)

2. Breast cancer
In the evaluation of sulforaphane, a natural compound derived from broccoli/broccoli sprouts, for its efficacy to inhibit breast CSCs and its potential mechanism, found that Sulforaphane inhibits breast CSCs and downregulates the Wnt/beta-catenin self-renewal pathway. These findings support the use ofsulforaphane for the chemoprevention of breast cancer stem cells and warrant further clinical evaluation, according to "Sulforaphane, a dietary component of broccoli/broccoli sprouts, inhibits breast cancer stem cells" by Li Y, Zhang T, Korkaya H, Liu S, Lee HF, Newman B, Yu Y, Clouthier SG, Schwartz SJ, Wicha MS, Sun D.(2)

3. Aging and aging related diseases
In the elucidating the modulatory role of nutrition in aging and age-related disease development, indicated that nutrients can act as the source of epigenetic modifications and can regulate the placement of these modifications. Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism, namely folate, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, riboflavin, methionine, choline and betaine, are involved in DNA methylation by regulating levels of the universal methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine and methyltransferase inhibitor S-adenosylhomocysteine. Other nutrients and bioactive food components such as retinoic acid, resveratrol, curcumin, sulforaphane and tea polyphenols can modulate epigenetic patterns by altering the levels of S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine or directing the enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation and histone modifications, according to "Nutritional influences on epigenetics and age-related disease" by Park LK, Friso S, Choi SW.(3)

4. Human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs)
In the delineation of a unique brain endothelial phenotype in that MMP-9 secretion is increased upon phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment of HBMEC, indicated that Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate present in broccoli which exhibits chemopreventive properties, selectively inhibited the secretion of MMP-9 but not that of MMP-2. The decrease in MMP-9 gene expression correlated with a decrease in the expression of the mRNA stabilizing factor HuR protein triggered by SFN. PMA-induced HBMEC migration was also antagonized by SFN. Silencing of the MMP-9 gene inhibited PMA-induced MMP-9 secretion, cell migration, and in vitro tubulogenesis on Matrigel. While SFN inhibited the chemoattractive abilities ofbrain tumor-derived growth factors, it failed to inhibit PMA-induced tubulogenesis, according to "The diet-derived sulforaphane inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9-activated human brain microvascular endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis" by Annabi B, Rojas-Sutterlin S, Laroche M, Lachambre MP, Moumdjian R, Béliveau R.(4)

5. Oxidative stress
In the investigation of anti oxidative stress of Sulforaphane [1-isothiocyanate-(4R)-(methylsulfinyl)butane] is a natural dietary isothiocyanate produced by the enzymatic action of the myrosinase on glucopharanin, a 4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate contained in cruciferous vegetables of the genus Brassica such as broccoli, brussel sprouts, and cabbage, found that Sulforaphane is considered an indirect antioxidant; this compound is able to induce many cytoprotective proteins, including antioxidant enzymes, through the Nrf2-antioxidant response element pathway. Heme oxygenase-1, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase, glutathione-S-transferase, gamma-glutamyl cysteine ligase, and glutathione reductase are among the cytoprotective proteins induced by sulforaphane. In conclusion,sulforaphane is a promising antioxidant agent that is effective to attenuate oxidative stress and tissue/cell damage in different in vivo and in vitro experimental paradigms, according to "Protective effect of sulforaphane against oxidative stress: Recent advances" by Guerrero-Beltrán CE, Calderón-Oliver M, Pedraza-Chaverri J, Chirino YI.(5)

6. Anti nephrotoxicity
In the evaluation of whether SFN induces a cytoprotective effect on the CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, found that The renoprotective effect of SFN on CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity was associated with the attenuation in oxidative/nitrosative stress and the preservation of antioxidant enzymes, according to "Sulforaphaneprotects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity" by Guerrero-Beltrán CE, Calderón-Oliver M, Tapia E, Medina-Campos ON, Sánchez-González DJ, Martínez-Martínez CM, Ortiz-Vega KM, Franco M, Pedraza-Chaverri J.(6)

7. Liver protection
In the investigation of the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on regulation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway in liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), showed that SFN pretreatment attenuates liver injury induced by intestinal I/R in rats, attributable to the antioxidant effect through Nrf2-ARE pathway, according to "Sulforaphane protects liverinjury induced by intestinal ischemia reperfusion through Nrf2-ARE pathway" by Zhao HD, Zhang F, Shen G, Li YB, Li YH, Jing HR, Ma LF, Yao JH, Tian XF.(7)

8. Antibacterial Effects
In the evaluation of the effects of various glucosinolate-derived hydrolysis products (HP) as antibacterial compounds against Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae isolated from intestinal segments of healthy pigs collected directly from slaughter-houses in the North of Portugal, found that the glucosinolates-derived HPs were very effective in vitro inhibitors of bacterial growth. The natural products, and specifically the isothiocyanates, should be evaluated as potential alternative control agents for potentially pathogenic bacteria (e.g., dietary amendment of pig foods with glucosinolate-containing plants), according to "Antibacterial Effects of Glucosinolate-Derived Hydrolysis Products Against Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococci Isolated from Pig Ileum Segments" by Saavedra MJ, Dias CS, Martinez-Murcia A, Bennett RN, Aires A, Rosa EA.(8)

9. Anti-inflammatory Effects
In the investigation of the anti-inflammatory effects of two dietary compounds, nobiletin (NBN) and sulforaphane (SFN), in combination. Noncytotoxic concentrations of NBN, SFN, and their combinations were studied in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, indicated that low doses of NBN and SFN in combination significantly suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of IL-1 mRNA levels and synergistically increased HO-1 mRNA levels. Overall, our results demonstrated that NBN and SFN in combination produced synergistic effects in inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells, according to "Synergistic Anti-inflammatory Effects of Nobiletin andSulforaphane in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells" by Guo S, Qiu P, Xu G, Wu X, Dong P, Yang G, Zheng J, McClements DJ, Xiao H.(9)

10. Hypertension
In the determination of whether the metabolite of glucoraphanin, sulforaphane, was responsible for this improved blood pressure and whether this is associated with normalization of renal methylated DNA, showed that Sulforaphane administration rectified pathological abnormalities in SHRSP kidneys and significantly improved blood pressure. This was associated with normalization of global kidney DNA methylation suggesting that DNA methylation could be associated with hypertension, according to "The dietary phase 2 protein inducer sulforaphanecan normalize the kidney epigenome and improve blood pressure in hypertensive rats" by Senanayake GV, Banigesh A, Wu L, Lee P, Juurlink BH.(10)

11. Diabetic symptoms
In the determination of whether dietary compounds targeting NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation used to attenuate renal damage and preserve renal function during the course of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy, showed that SF or CA significantly attenuated common metabolic disorder symptoms associated with diabetes in Nrf2(+/+) but not in Nrf2(-/-) mice, indicating SF and CA function through specific activation of the Nrf2 pathway. Furthermore, SF or CA improved renal performance and minimized pathological alterations in the glomerulus of STZ-Nrf2(+/+) mice. Nrf2 activation reduced oxidative damage and suppressed the expression of TGF-β1, extracellular matrix proteins and p21 both in vivo and in HRMCs. In addition, Nrf2 activation reverted p21-mediated growth inhibition and hypertrophy of HRMCs under hyperglycemic conditions, according to "Therapeutic potential of Nrf2 activators in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy" by Zheng H, Whitman SA, Wu W, Wondrak GT, Wong PK, Fang D, Zhang DD.(11)

12. Etc.