Medical Advisor Journals

Saturday, June 18, 2016

Food therapy - Vegetables - GINGER-ROOTS (Zingiber officinale)(1)

The second superfood has been used for thousand of years by mankind, we will try to give you as much information as possible. Here are some ways that ginger has been used medicinally.

**GINGER for treating Migraine: Mix some powdered gingers into a glass of hot water and drink. Daily approach worked for long time migraine sufferer.

** GINGER for NAUSEA: For centuries, sailors have relied on ginger to keep them free of seasickness and prevent nausea when you go on board. Eat some Ginger 1/2 hour before boarding.

**GINGER for OSTEOARTHRITIS:Ginger has a thytochemical called curcumin that helps reduce inflammation. It helps to protect your joints.Before we go further, we would like to remind you of cautions of using Superfood GINGER. While GINGER can help to strengthen anticoagulants such as heparin, warfarin and ticlopidine by helping your blood get less sticky but ginger raises the odd of bleeding.

**GINGER for EYE disorders: Taking Ginger will increase blood circulation so that more nutrition can reach your eye.

**GINGER for HEART DISEASE: Ginger helps to lower cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure and prevent blood clots in the arterial walls when taken with vitamin E. It also helps to stimulate and revitalize the heart muscle and strengthen the peripheral's circulation.

**GINGER for HYPOGLYCEMIA: Ginger helps to Balance Blood Sugar. Please note that hypoglycemia people generally need to eat frequently, small meals to provide the body with steady supply of food that easily and slowly converts to glucose.

**GINGER for Motion Sickness: The key to ginger's effectiveness appears to stem from the oils it contain. Gingerols and shogaols. These oils calm the intestinal tract and slowly depresses the central nervous system.

** GINGER for ARTHIRITIS: Traditionally used as an Ayurvedic herb, it is capable of relieving pain caused by arthiritis joints.

** GINGER for Cancer: Ginger will alleviate nausea associated with chemotherapy. It can be taken as tea.Above are only some of Ginger's uses to treat diseases. There are many more effectivenesses of ginger, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, Cholesterol, Cold, Depression, digestive disorders,..........

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

Phytochemicals in Foods - The Effects of Gallic acid

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Gallic acid

Gallic acid is a phytochemical in the class of Phenolic acids, found abundantly in tea, mango, strawberries, rhubarb, soy, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Cytotoxic and antioxidative activities
In the investigation of the bioactivity guided isolation and characterization of phytoconstituents, indicated the extract showed strong radical scavenging effects against DPPH, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (SO) radicals comparable to that of known antioxidants 3-t-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and quercetin in addition to its cytotoxic activities against HEP-2 (human larynx epidermoid carcinoma) and RD (human rhabdomyosarcoma) cell lines based on MTT assay for growth inhibition. The gallic acid equivalent total phenolic content of the plant was found to be 79.94mg/g dry extract. Phenylethanoid glycosides, verbascoside and calceorioside A were isolated from the most active fraction and both compounds showed strong radical scavenging activity against tested radicals and cytotoxicity against HEP-2, RD and MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell line, according to "Cytotoxic and antioxidative activities of Plantago lagopus L. and characterization of its bioactive compounds" by Sebnem Harput U, Genc Y, Saracoglu I.(1)

2. Breast cancer
In the analyzing the Sanguisorba officinalis L. (SA) effects on human breastcancer utilizing in vitro and in vivo methodologies, found that SA inhibited proliferation, induced S phase arrest and triggered mitochondrial pathway apoptosis in both cancer cells. Angiogenesis experiments revealed that SA inhibited VEGF expression in both cancer cell lines. Meanwhile, the proliferation, tube formation and migration abilities of endothelial cells were also inhibited. In vivo experiments demonstrated that SA reduced tumor size and neoangiogenesis in both cancer xenografts. Gallic acid and ellagic acid were finally identified as bioactive compounds in SA, according to "Effect of Sanguisorba officinalis L on breast cancer growth and angiogenesis" by Wang Z, Loo WT, Wang N, Chow LW, Wang D, Han F, Zheng X, Chen JP.(2)

3. Anti-leukemic effects
In the investigation of the apoptotic activity induced by GA on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line-K562 and the underlying mechanism, found that GA inhibited BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase and NF-κB. In conclusion, GA induced apoptosis in K562 cells involves death receptor and mitochondrial-mediated pathways by inhibiting BCR/ABL kinase, NF-κB activity and COX-2, according to "Anti-leukemic effects of gallic acid on human leukemia K562 cells: Downregulation of COX-2, inhibition of BCR/ABL kinase and NF-κB inactivation" by

Chandramohan Reddy T, Bharat Reddy D, Aparna A, Arunasree KM, Gupta G, Achari C, Reddy GV, Lakshmipathi V, Subramanyam A, Reddanna P.(3)

4. Antioxidants
In the evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of organic fractions from Cystoseira sedoides (Desfontaines) C. Agardh, indicated that the F-CHCl(3) and F-AcOEt fractions showed significant total phenolic content at 55.09 and 61.30 mg gallic-acid equivalent/g dried sample, respectively. Using the DPPH method, the F-CHCl(3) and the F-AcOEt fractions exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity, with IC(50) 120 µg/mL for F-CHCl(3) and 121 µg/mL for F-AcOEt, which approaches the activity of the powerful antioxidant standard, Trolox (IC(50) = 90 µg/mL), according to "Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative activities of organic fractions from the Mediterranean brown seaweed Cystoseira sedoides" by Mhadhebi L, Laroche-Clary A, Robert J, Bouraoui A.(4)

5. Anti cancers
In the identification of gallic acid (GA) as a major bioactive cytotoxic constituent of a polyherbal Ayurvedic formulation - triphala (TPL) on (AR)(+) LNCaP prostatecancer and normal epithelial cells, found that TPL contains 40% unidentified polyphenolic acids, of which 2.4% comprised GA. GA induced severe morphological alterations and was about 3-fold more cytotoxic towards cancercells than TPL. This activity increased further in the presence of dihydrotestosterone. GA toxicity on normal cells was low at 72 h. Combination of GA with flutamide caused higher toxicity to cancer cells than either of the compounds alone, according to "Differential cytotoxicity of triphala and its phenolic constituent gallic acid on human prostate cancer LNCap and normal cells" by Russell LH Jr, Mazzio E, Badisa RB, Zhu ZP, Agharahimi M, Millington DJ, Goodman CB.(5)

6. Leukemia
In the investigation of the apoptotic effects induced by GA in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, and clarify the underlying mechanism, found that GA-mediated apoptosis of HL-60 cells mainly depended on up-regulation of the mRNA of caspase-8, caspase-9, caspase-3, AIF and Endo G. In conclusion, GA-induced apoptosis occurs through the death receptor and mitochondria-mediated pathways, according to "Gallic acid induces G₀/G₁ phase arrest and apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells through inhibiting cyclin D and E, and activating mitochondria-dependent pathway" by Yeh RD, Chen JC, Lai TY, Yang JS, Yu CS, Chiang JH, Lu CC, Yang ST, Yu CC, Chang SJ, Lin HY, Chung JG(6)

7. Colon cancer
found that In vivo, GT (25 mg/kg body weight) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) prior to or after tumor inoculation significantly decreased the volume of human coloncancer xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. GT-treated xenografts showed significantly lower microvessel density (CD31) as well as lower mRNA expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1α and of the proliferation (Ki-67) and angiogenesis (VEGFA) proteins, which may explain GTs in vivo anti-tumorigenic effects, according to "Gallotannin inhibits NFĸB signaling and growth of human colon cancerxenografts" by Al-Halabi R, Bou Chedid M, Abou Merhi R, El-Hajj H, Zahr H, Schneider-Stock R, Bazarbachi A, Gali-Muhtasib H.(7)

8. Anti-neoplastic effects
In the investigation of the effects of TS on various human oral squamous carcinoma cell lines (HOSCC), including UM1, UM2, SCC-4, and SCC-9, found that FACScan analysis revealed that the leaf extract induced apoptosis or a combination of apoptosis and necrosis, depending on cell type. Microarray and semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis for apoptotic-related gene expression revealed that 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid, one of the major bioactive compounds purified from TS extract) up-regulated pro-apoptotic genes such TNF-α, TP53BP2, and GADD45A, and down-regulated the anti-apoptotic genes Survivin and cIAP1, resulting in cell death. This study suggests that gallic acid, the major bioactive compound present, is responsible for the anti-neoplastic effect of Toona sinensis leaf extract, according to "Anti-neoplastic effects of gallic acid, a major component of Toona sinensis leaf extract, on oral squamous carcinoma cells" by Chia YC, Rajbanshi R, Calhoun C, Chiu RH.(8)

9. Anti cancers, anti inflammatory and anti diabetic effects
In the review of 1, 2, 3, 4, 6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG) is a polyphenolic compound highly enriched in a number of medicinal herbals, indicated that Chemically and functionally, PGG appears to be distinct from its constituentgallic acid or tea polyphenols. For anti-cancer activity, three published in vivo preclinical cancer model studies with PGG support promising efficacy to selectively inhibit malignancy without host toxicity. Potential mechanisms include anti-angiogenesis; anti-proliferative actions through inhibition of DNA replicative synthesis, S-phase arrest, and G(1) arrest; induction of apoptosis; anti-inflammation; and anti-oxidation. Putative molecular targets include p53, Stat3, Cox-2, VEGFR1, AP-1, SP-1, Nrf-2, and MMP-9. For anti-diabetic activity, PGG and analogues appear to improve glucose uptake, according to "Anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and other pharmacologic and biological activities of penta-galloyl-glucose" by Zhang J, Li L, Kim SH, Hagerman AE, Lü J(9)

10. Etc.

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer
Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22289578
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22316502
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22245431
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22115493
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22110195
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868525
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21532339
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21081858
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2822717/

The Holistic prevention, management and treatment of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: The Insulin resistance improvement and/or anti metabolic syndrome herbal Cinnamon

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases among reproductive-age women caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries associated with a high risk for metabolic disorder(1) as resulting of enlarged ovaries(2), leading to hormone imbalance(excessive androgen and anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) )(1)(3)(4)(5), induced Hirsutism(6)(7), reproductive disorder(10(12)), risks of type 2 diabetes(9)(10)(11), metabolic syndrome(10)(12) and early cardiovascular disease(8)(13), acne(10)(14), endometrial cancer(18)(19),weight gain and obesity(15)(16)(17). The syndrome effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.
Unfortunately, according to studies, women with PCOs after the reproductive age, are associated to continuously increase risk of type II diabetes, with no increasingaltered glucose tolerance(20), CVD and hypertension(21).

The prevention and management In Herbal Medicine

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is unpreventable in Western medicine. Early diagnosis and treatment may reduce risk of its complications, including infertility, metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, etc.
Reduce fat intake less than 30% of total calories with a low proportion of saturated fat and high in fiber from predominantly low-glycaemic-index-carbohydrate foods for patients with PCOs(827a). Calorie intake should be distributed between several meals per day with restricted intake of snacks and drinks(828).

The Insulin resistance improvement and/or antimetabolic syndrome herbs: Cinnamon(1086)

Cinnamon is a spice derived from the inner bark of tree, native to South East Asia, of over 300 species of the genus Cinnamomum, belongings to the familyLauraceae used in herbal and traditional medicine as anti-microbial agent(1087) and to improve reproductive organs(1088), prevent flatulence(1089) and menstrual cramping(1087), treat gastrointestinal complaints(1089), diarrhea(1087), bad breath(1090), headache(1087), etc.(1086)(1087).

Ingredients(1087)
1. Cinnamic aldehyde
2.Cinnamyl acetate
3. Eugenol
4. Aldehyde
5. Pinene
6. Coumarins
7. Cinnzeylanol
8. Cinnzeylanine
9. Safrol
10. Methylhydroxy chalcone polymer (MHCP)

Epidemiological studies suggested that cinnamon cocsist a sgnificant anti insulin resistance(1091)(1092)(1094) and anti metabolic syndrome(1093)(1094)(1095)(1096)(1097) properties, such as lowering total cholesterol(1093), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(1093) and improving high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(1093), may be due to its antihyperglycaemic (1091)(1093) and potential to reduce postprandial blood glucose levels(1091)(1092), liver fat(1098) and and improved glucose homeostasis(1098) properties, by regulating the mechanisms of-medicated glucose and lipid metabolism(1099), such as decreased the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokine(TNF-alpha) in adipose tissue(1100) and upregulated mRNA expression of insulin-regulated membrane trafficking(1100) and whole body glucose homeostasi(GLUT-4) in skeletal muscle(1100).

Chinese Food Therapy
The Best Way to prevent, treat your disease, including Obesity
and restore your health naturally with Chinese diet

Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
Holistic System In Existence That Will Show You How To
Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

Super foods Library, Eat Yourself Healthy With The Best of the Best Nature Has to Offer

References
(1) Adiposity and metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome by Sam S.(PubMed)
(2) A "kiss" before conception: triggering ovulation with kisspeptin-54 may improve IVF by Young SL.(PubMed)
(3.) Androgen hyperfunction and excessive heterosexual hair growth in women, with special attention to the polycystic ovarian syndrome by Lunde O1.(PubMed)
(4) Expression of anti-Müllerian hormone in letrozole rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by Du DF1, Li XL, Fang F, Du MR.(PubMed)
(5) [Serum levels of anti-muller hormone in women with polycystic ovary syndromeand healthy women of reproductive age].[Article in Bulgarian] by Parahuleva N, Pehlivanov B, Orbecova M, Deneva T, Uchikova E.(PubMed)
(6) [Current opinions on the etiology and pathophysiology of hirsutism].[Article in Polish] by Krysiak R1, Kedzia A, Okopień B.(PubMed)
(7) The clinical evaluation of hirsutism by Somani N1, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF.(PubMed)
(8) Polycystic ovary syndrome and insulin: our understanding in the past, present and future by Mayer SB1, Evans WS, Nestler JE.(PubMed)
(9) Association of mean platelet volume with androgens and insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome by Dogan BA1, Arduc A2, Tuna MM1, Karakılıc E1, Dagdelen I1, Tutuncu Y1, Berker D1, Guler S1.(PubMed)
(10) Approach to the patient: contraception in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Yildiz BO1.(PubMed)
(11) Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS): a significant contributor to the overall burden of type 2 diabetes in women by Talbott EO1, Zborowski JV, Rager JR, Kip KE, Xu X, Orchard TJ.(PubMed)
(12) Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Slovak women with polycystic ovary syndrome and its relation to metabolic and reproductive abnormalities by Figurová J1, Dravecká I, Javorský M, Petríková J, Lazúrová I.(PubMed)
(13) Role of Insulin Sensitizers on Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis by Thethi TK1, Katalenich B2, Nagireddy P3, Chabbra P4, Kuhadiya N5, Fonseca V1.(PubMed)
(14) Acne in hirsute women by Lumezi BG1, Pupovci HL1, Berisha VL1, Goçi AU2, Gerqari A3.(PubMed)
(15) Obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome by Naderpoor N1, Shorakae S, Joham A, Boyle J, De Courten B, Teede HJ.(PubMed)
(16) Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan by Teede H1, Deeks A, Moran L.(PubMed)
(17) Metabolic Evidence of Diminished Lipid Oxidation in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. by Whigham LD1, Butz DE2, Dashti H3, Tonelli M3, Johnson LK1, Cook ME2, Porter WP4, Eghbalnia HR5, Markley JL6, Lindheim SR7, Schoeller DA8, Abbott DH9, Assadi-Porter FM10.(PubMed)
(18) Risk of endometrial, ovarian and breast cancer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Barry JA1, Azizia MM1, Hardiman PJ2.(PubMed)
(19) Risk of cancer among women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Danish cohort study by Gottschau M1, Kjaer SK2, Jensen A1, Munk C1, Mellemkjaer L3.(PubMed)
(20) Polycystic ovary syndrome: metabolic consequences and long-term management by Carmina E1.(PubMed)
(21) Arterial stiffness is increased in asymptomatic nondiabetic postmenopausal women with a polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype by Armeni E1, Stamatelopoulos K, Rizos D, Georgiopoulos G, Kazani M, Kazani A, Kolyviras A, Stellos K, Panoulis K, Alexandrou A, Creatsa M, Papamichael C, Lambrinoudaki I.(PubMed)
(827a) Diet and nutrition in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): pointers for nutritional management by Farshchi H, Rane A, Love A, Kennedy RL(PubMed)
(828) The optimal diet for women with polycystic ovary syndrome? by Marsh K, Brand-Miller J.(PubMed)
(1086) Popular Herbs -Cinnamonby Kyle J. Norton
(1087) Rou Gui(Complementary and Alternative Healing University)
(1088) Herbal Cinnamon and Infertility by Kyle J. Norton
(1089) Anti-inflammatory effect of cinnamaldehyde in Helicobacter pylori induced gastric inflammation by Muhammad JS1, Zaidi SF, Shaharyar S, Refaat A, Usmanghani K, Saiki I, Sugiyama T.(PubMed)
(1 090) Short-term germ-killing effect of sugar-sweetened cinnamon chewing gum on salivary anaerobes associated with halitosis by Zhu M1, Carvalho R, Scher A, Wu CD.(PubMed)
(1091) The potential of cinnamon to reduce blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance by Kirkham S1, Akilen R, Sharma S, Tsiami A.(PubMed)
(1092) Cinnamon supplementation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by Pham AQ1, Kourlas H, Pham DQ.(PubMed)
(1093)Cinnamon extract improves fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin level in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes by Lu T1, Sheng H, Wu J, Cheng Y, Zhu J, Chen Y.(PubMed)
(1094) Turmeric improves post-prandial working memory in pre-diabetes independent of insulin by Lee MS1, Wahlqvist ML, Chou YC, Fang WH, Lee JT, Kuan JC, Liu HY, Lu TM, Xiu L, Hsu CC, Andrews ZB, Pan WH.(PubMed)
(1095) Cinnamon: potential role in the prevention of insulin resistance, metabolicsyndrome, and type 2 diabetes by Qin B1, Panickar KS, Anderson RA.(PubMed)
(1096) Alternative and complementary treatments for metabolic syndrome by Power M1, Pratley R.(PubMed)
(1097) Cinnamon improves insulin sensitivity and alters the body composition in an animal model of the metabolic syndrome by Couturier K1, Batandier C, Awada M, Hininger-Favier I, Canini F, Anderson RA, Leverve X, Roussel AM.(PubMed)
(1098) Cinnamon extract improves insulin sensitivity in the brain and lowers liver fat in mouse models of obesity by Sartorius T1, Peter A2, Schulz N3, Drescher A2, Bergheim I4, Machann J5, Schick F6, Siegel-Axel D2, Schürmann A3, Weigert C1, Häring HU1, Hennige AM7.(PubMed)
(1099) Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of Cinnamomi Cassiae (Cinnamon bark) extract in C57BL/Ks db/db mice by Kim SH1, Choung SY.(PubMed)
(1100) Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic action of cinnamaldehyde in C57BLKS/J db/db mice by Li J1, Liu T, Wang L, Guo X, Xu T, Wu L, Qin L, Sun W.(PubMed)

Obesity and Obesity's complication - The association of Obesity on Prostate Cancer

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams. For more information of prostate cancer, visithttp://thecancerhealingguide.blogspot.com/2011/06/most-common-types-of-cancer-prostate.html

C. Prostate enlargement is defined as condition of increasing of the levels of the by-product prolactin of testosterone of men, that stimulates the production of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase that causes the conversion of testosterone to gihydro-testosterones DHT, triggering prostate enlargement and other problems. Therefore in order to prevent the symptoms of enlarged prostate is to naturally impend the conversion of testosterone to DHT.

The association of Obesity on Prostate Cancer
1. According to the abstract of the study of "Abdominal obesity as risk factor for prostate cancer diagnosis and high grade disease: A prospective multicenter Italian cohort study" by De Nunzio C, Albisinni S, Freedland SJ, Miano L, Cindolo L, Finazzi Agrò E, Autorino R, De Sio M, Schips L, Tubaro A. Source from Urol Oncol. 2011 Sep 16. [Epub ahead of print]), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Obesity defined by BMI and WC seems to be associated with CaP and, more specifically, with high-grade disease at the time of biopsy. The relationship between obesity and CaP is complex and remains to be further addressed.

2. In a study of "Metabolic syndrome is associated with high grade gleason score when prostate cancer is diagnosed on biopsy" by De Nunzio C, Freedland SJ, Miano R, Trucchi A, Cantiani A, Carluccini A, Tubaro A. (Source from Department of Urology, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, University "La Sapienza," Roma, Italy. cosimodenunzio@virgilio.it. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.), posted in PubMed, the result indicated that one hundred ninety five patients were enrolled with a median age and PSA of 69 years and 5.6 ng/ml respectively. Median BMI was 27.6 kg/m(2) with 64 patients (33%) being classified as obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2) ). Eighty-six patients (44%) had MS. Eighty-three patients (43%) had cancer on biopsy; 37 (45%) with MS and 46 (55%) without (P = 0.48). PSA was independently associated with higher risk of cancer (OR 1.12/1 U PSA, P = 0.01). Out of 83 patients with prostate cancer, 42 (51%) had Gleason score 6 (12 (28.5%) presented a MS) and 41 (49%) a Gleason score ≥7 (25 (61%) presented a MS). The presence of MS was not associated with an increased risk prostate cancer (OR: 0.97, P = 0.94) but with an increased risk of Gleason ≥7 (OR: 3.82; P = 0.013).

3. In an abstract of athe study of "Body mass index in early and middle-late adulthood and risk of localised, advanced and fatal prostate cancer: a population-based prospective study" byDiscacciati A, Orsini N, Andersson SO, Andrén O, Johansson JE, Wolk A. (Source from Division of Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. Br J Cancer. 2011 Aug 16. doi: 10.1038/bjc.2011.319. [Epub ahead of print]), posted in PubMed, researchers found that a dual association between BMI and fatal PCa - a decreased risk among men who were obese during early adulthood and an increased risk among those who were obese during middle-late adulthood.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 16 August 2011; doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.319 www.bjcancer.com.

4. According to the abstarct of study of "Prospective study of adiposity and weight change in relation to prostate cancer incidence and mortality" by Wright ME, Chang SC, Schatzkin A, Albanes D, Kipnis V, Mouw T, Hurwitz P, Hollenbeck A, Leitzmann MF. (Source from Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA. mewright@uic.edu, Cancer. 2007 Feb 15;109(4):675-84.), posted in PubMed, researchers concluded that Although adiposity was not related positively to prostate cancer incidence, higher BMI and adult weight gain increased the risk of dying from prostate cancer.

5. According to a study of "Is obesity a risk factor for prostate cancer, and does it even matter? A hypothesis and different perspective" by Moyad MA. (Source from Department of Urology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0330, USA. moyad@umich.edu, Urology. 2002 Apr;59(4 Suppl 1):41-50), posted in PUbMed, researchers found that The 2 largest prospective studies on BMI and overall mortality have also demonstrated the substantial negative impact of excess weight on society. Prostate cancer risk and obesity need further research to establish if a true association exists, but at this time, does it really matter? Overall, the profound adverse effect of being obese on general health is dramatic, and this is what clinicians and patients need to remember.

6. In abstract of study of "Inverse correlation between body mass index and clinical outcomes in men with advanced castration-recurrent prostate cancer" by Halabi S, Ou SS, Vogelzang NJ, Small EJ. (Source from Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA. susan.halabi@duke.edu, Cancer. 2007 Oct 1;110(7):1478-84.), posted in PubMed, researchers indicated that Approximately 24% of the patients had a normal BMI, 43% were overweight, and 33% were mildly to severely obese. On multivariable analysis, BMI was found to be a statistically significant predictor of overall survival and prostate cancer-specific mortality. Compared with men with normal BMIs, the hazard ratios for death for overweight men and mildly to severely obese men were 0.80 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.68-0.93; P = .001) and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68-0.94; P = .010), respectively.

7. Etc.

Treatments of Obesity and Prostate Cancer
1. According to the study of "Obesity and sex steroids during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment for prostate cancer" by Smith MR. (Source from Division of Hematology and Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. smith.matthew@mgh.harvard.edu, Clin Cancer Res. 2007 Jan 1;13(1):241-5.), posted in PubMed, researcher concluded in abstract that Despite lower pretreatment serum testosterone levels, obese men have higher total and free testosterone levels during leuprolide treatment than men with normal BMI. These differences may contribute to the association between obesity and increased prostate cancer mortality.

2. In a study of " Influence of obesity on the incidence and treatment of genitourinary malignancies" by Stewart SB, Freedland SJ. (Source, from Division of Urologic Surgery and Duke Prostate Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA, Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved), posted in PubMed, researchers stated that Obesity appears to promote an increased risk of aggressive prostate cancer (CaP). This may be related, in part, to a detection bias found in obese men. Worse surgical and radiation treatment outcomes in the obese appear to be related not only to technical challenges, but also inherent tumor biology differences and more aggressive disease presentations.

3. According to the abstract of the study of "The impact of obesity on the incidence and treatment of gynecologic cancers: a review" by Modesitt SC, van Nagell JR Jr. (Source from Gynecologic Oncology Division, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lucille Markey Cancer Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0298, USA. smode2@uky.edu, Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2005 Oct;60(10):683-92), posted in Pubmed, researchers indicated that there is no current consensus regarding appropriate chemotherapy dosing in the obese patient. Obesity is a serious health problem with significant effects on the incidence and treatment of the gynecologic malignancies. TARGET AUDIENCE: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completion of this article, the reader should be able to summarize the clear evidence that obesity is a risk factor for many cancers, including gynecologic malignancies; describe the role of unopposed estrogen in gynecologic cancers; and explain that obese women overall have a poorer survival rate when afflicted with cancer.

4. Etc.

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Traditional Chinese Medicine Herbal Therapy - Popular Chinese Herbs - Bing Pian (Borneolum)

Bing Pian (Borneolum)

Bing Pian or Ai Pian is also known as Borneol, is is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene, native to Southeast Asia. The acrid, warm, toxic herb has been used in TCM to stimulates the production of gastric juices, improves circulation, treats bronchitis, coughs and colds and relieve pain as it opens the orifices, restores consciousness, clears heat and relieve pain by promoting the functions of heart, spleen, liver, lung channels.

Ingredients
1. Isoborneol
2. Endo-borneol
3. Camphor
4. B- borneol
5. L-borneol
6. D-borneol
7. Humulene
8. Oleanolic acid
9. Dryobalanone
10. Etc.

Health benefits
1. Antibacteria
The chemical compound Isoborneol is an antiseptics which uses to reduce infection, sepsis, or putrefaction. if applied to living tissue/skin by destroying them, preventing or inhibiting the growth of bacteria.

2. Antivirus
Oleanolic acid, a naturally triterpenoid, widely used in food and medicinal plants, it helps to reduce the risk of inflammation due to its property as an inhibitor of cellular inflammatory processes and to protect cells against oxidative and electrophile stress due to its property of potent inducers of the phase 2 response, by elevating of NADH-quinone oxidoreductase and heme oxygenase.

3. Humulene
Humulene, a essential oils in Bing pain, is a naturally-occurring monocyclic sesquiterpene. It may be used as an antiseptic, antibacterial, or anti-inflammatory and as a calming agent by aromatherapists.

4. Camphor
Camphor is easily absorbed through the skin and produces a cooling feeling and acts as local anesthetic and antimicrobial agent.

5. Neuroprotective effects
Sodium ferulate, when orally co-administered with borneol have shown the activity in against injury induced in the brain by ischaemia/reperfusion in mice, according to the study of “The orally combined neuroprotective effects of sodium ferulate and borneol against transient global ischaemia in C57 BL/6J mice” by Chen XH, Lin ZZ, Liu AM, Ye JT, Luo Y, Luo YY, Mao XX, Liu PQ, Pi RB., posted in PubMed(1).

6. Toxocity
Bing Pain also have shown the activity in against the destabilization of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide aggregates that causes Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and protecting SH-SY5Y cells and VSC 4.1 cells against H(2)O(2)-induced toxicity, according to the study of “Salvianic borneol ester reduces β-amyloid oligomers and prevents cytotoxicity” by Han M, Liu Y, Zhang B, Qiao J, Lu W, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Zhao C., posted in PubMed(2).

7. Salvianolic acid and Cardiovascular disease
Bing Pain enhances the digestive absorption of salvianolic acid (according to the study of “[Intestinal absorption properties of three components in salvianolic acid extract and the effect of borneol on their absorption in rats].[Article in Chinese]“ by Lai XJ, Liu HQ, Li JS, Di LQ, Cai BC., posted in PubMed(3)) an ingredient of Red Sage which have shown the properties in treating angina pectoris, hyperlipidemia, and acute ischemic stroke, according to the article of “Salvianolic acids: small compounds with multiple mechanisms for cardiovascular protection” by Jennifer Hui-Chun Ho and Chuang-Ye Hong, posted in PubMed Central(4).

8. Etc.

Side effects
Do not use during pregnancy, due to its toxic effects

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20636880
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21936627
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21351500
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3113734/