Sunday, December 29, 2013

@Herbal Butcher's broom

Butcher's broom is a low evergreen shrub, a species of Ruscus aculeatus, belonging to the family Asparagaceae, native to Eurasia.It has been used in herbal medicine to treat reduce inflammation, Peripheral vascular disease, Hemorrhoids Bronchial asthma, Varicose veins, Hypotension, Jaundice, functional disorders of the heart, kidney disorder, venotonic and anti-oedematous properties, etc..

The Ingredients
It contains rutin, sitosterol, sparteine, spirostanol saponins, steroidal sapogenins, sterols, stigmasterol, sulfated steroidal saponins, sweet broom, tetracosanoic acid, triterpenes, triterpines, tyramine, etc.

1. Butcher's broom and Orthostatic hypotension (OH)
Orthostatic hypotension (OH), also known as postural hypotension of which happens when a person stands up from sitting or lying down or in sudden adjustment of body position, the blood pressure falls, and a person may experience lightheaded or even pass out.

The benefits 
 In most cases, Orthostatic hypotension (OH) affects affects large groups of the population with autonomic insufficiency--the elderly; patients with diabetes, Parkinson's disease, and chronic fatigue syndrome; and anyone on drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system. In conventional medicine, most cases of Orthostatic hypotension (OH)are treated with fludrocortisone and midodrine. In the study by the American University, to evaluate the properties of Ruscus aculeatus, its mechanism of action, and its suitability as a therapeutic agent for treatment of OH, showed that with proven phlebotherapeutic properties, including vasoconstrictive action and venotonic properties, Ruscus aculeatus shows great promise for ameliorating the symptoms of OH and improving the quality of life for large groups in the population without increasing supine blood pressure.

Reference
1. Ruscus aculeatus (butcher's broom) as a potential treatment for orthostatic hypotension, with a case report. by Redman DA.(PubMed).

2. Herbal Butcher's broom and Chronic venous insufficiency
Chronic venous insufficiency is defined as a condition of veins do not return enough oxygen-poor blood back to the heart.

The benefits
Extracts from Butcher's broom rhizome (Ruscus aculeatus) is found to be efficacy in treating patients  with chronic venous insufficiency, as the change of leg volume after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment (-16.5 ml and -20.5 ml), for changes in ankle and leg circumferences after 8 and 12 weeks of treatment, and for the changes in subjective symptoms, heavy tired legs and sensation of tension (week 12) and the reduction of symptoms heavy lower legs, sensation of tension, and tingling sensation a significant positive correlation with the changes in leg volume. Other in the study of the effects of Ruscus aculeatus, hesperidin methyl-chalcone and ascorbic acid (HMC-AA), in chronic venous disorders (CVD, a 12-week treatment with Ruscus aculeatus HMC-AA improve quality of life by significantly decrease in the clinical symptoms and a significant improvement in the QoL of patients with CVD.

References
(1) Efficacy and safety of a Butcher's broom preparation (Ruscus aculeatus L. extract) compared to placebo in patients suffering from chronic venous insufficiency BY Vanscheidt W, Jost V, Wolna P, Lücker PW, Müller A, Theurer C, Patz B, Grützner KI.(PubMed)
(2) Assessment of quality of life in Mexican patients suffering from chronic venous disorder - impact of oral Ruscus aculeatus-hesperidin-methyl-chalcone-ascorbic acid treatment - 'QUALITY Study by Guex JJ, Enriquez Vega DM, Avril L, Boussetta S, Taïeb C.(PubMed)
(3)  Chronic venous insufficiency http://www.vascularweb.org/vascularhealth/Pages/chronic-venous-insufficiency.aspx

3. Herbal Butcher's broom and Inflammatory effects
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.

The benefits
Ruscogenin (RUS), isolated from Ruscus aculeatus, has been found to exert significant anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic activities by inhibited adhesion of leukocytes to a human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (ECV304) injured by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a concentration-dependent manner. Other study also showed ruscogenin resulted in markedly reduced expression of inflammatory cytokine and leukocyte infiltration via the inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity in rat lungs.
 
References
(1) Possible mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of ruscogenin: role of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and nuclear factor-kappaB by Huang YL, Kou JP, Ma L, Song JX, Yu BY.(PubMed)
(2) Ruscogenin attenuates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats  by Bi LQ, Zhu R, Kong H, Wu SL, Li N, Zuo XR, Zhou SM, Kou JP, Yu BY, Wang H, Xie WP.(PubMed)

4. Herbal Butcher's broom and varicose veins
Butcher's broom is a low evergreen shrub, a species of Ruscus aculeatus, belonging to the family Asparagaceae, native to Eurasia.It has been used in herbal medicine to treat reduce inflammation, Peripheral vascular disease, Hemorrhoids Bronchial asthma, Varicose veins, Hypotension, Jaundice, functional disorders of the heart, kidney disorder, venotonic and anti-oedematous properties, etc..
Varicose veins is a condition of which the veins have become enlarged and twisted

The Ingredients
It contains rutin, sitosterol, sparteine, spirostanol saponins, steroidal sapogenins, sterols, stigmasterol, sulfated steroidal saponins, sweet broom, tetracosanoic acid, triterpenes, triterpines, tyramine, etc.

The benefits
Surgery, includes injection/compression sclerotherapy and surgical stripping or ligation or both always is the first recommendation for patients with varicose disease. Ruscus aculeatus has been found to relieve the symptoms of  pain, and expensive complications of varicose veins by improving microcirculation, capillary flow, and vascular tone, and to strengthen the connective tissue. Other study suggested that venotropic agents from plant extract probably exert effects by way of multiple receptor and non-receptor mediated events as  the differential distribution of alpha adrenergic receptors on greater saphenous veins from non-varicose patients compared to those with primary varicose disease.

References
(1) Hemorrhoids and varicose veins: a review of treatment options by MacKay D.(PubMed)
(2) Selecting a treatment for primary varicose veins by Tremblay J, Lewis EW, Allen PT.(PubMed)
(3) Pharmacological assessment of adrenergic receptors in human varicose veins by Miller VM, Rud KS, Gloviczki P.(PubMed)

5. Herbal Butcher's broom and hemorrhoids
Butcher's broom is a low evergreen shrub, a species of Ruscus aculeatus, belonging to the family Asparagaceae, native to Eurasia.It has been used in herbal medicine to treat reduce inflammation, Peripheral vascular disease, Hemorrhoids Bronchial asthma, Varicose veins, Hypotension, Jaundice, functional disorders of the heart, kidney disorder, venotonic and anti-oedematous properties, etc..
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the anal canal of which cause cause pain and in some cases, life threatening if patients loss a large volume of blood. Approximately, 75% of all Americans will develop hemorrhoids at some points in their lives.

The Ingredients
It contains rutin, sitosterol, sparteine, spirostanol saponins, steroidal sapogenins, sterols, stigmasterol, sulfated steroidal saponins, sweet broom, tetracosanoic acid, triterpenes, triterpines, tyramine, etc.

The benefits
Oral supplementation of Ruscus aculeatus is found to be effective in preventing time-consuming, painful, and expensive complications of  hemorrhoids, such as anal discomfort, soiling and bleeding pre- sent in acute phase. Other hemorrhoids an open trial, also found the positive effect of Butcher’s broom, with 75 percent of participating physicians rating butcher’s broom’s efficacy as good or excellent

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References
(1) Hemorrhoids and varicose veins: a review of treatment options by MacKay D.(PubMed)
(2) ANTIOXIDANT HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS FOR HEMORRHOIDS Developing a new formula, by Silvia Vertuani, Elena Bosco, Micaela Testoni, Simona Ascanelli, Gianfranco Azzena, Stefano Manfredini(2004, 3(3) 19-26)
(3) Page 608 Alternative Medicine Review Volume 6, Number 6 2001 Copyright©2001 Thorne Research, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No Reprint Without Written Permission Ruscus aculeatus (Butcher’s Broom)

Side effects
1. Do not use if you are pregnant with out permission of related field specialist, as Sparteine may increase uterine contraction
2. Do not use Butcher's broom if you are taking any form of monoamine oxidaseinhibitor
3. Use as direction and do not overdose
4. Etc.

 





@Herbal Burdock

Burdock is plant in the group of biennial thistles, genus Arctium, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to the Euro. It has been used over thousand of years in Chins and other traditional herbal medicine as a diuretic, diaphoretic, and a blood purifying agent and to treat wounds and infections stomach ulcers and other digestive problems.
The ingredients
It contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.

1. Herbal  Burdock and Anti-aging and anti-oxidant 
A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cell, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein, unsaturated fatty acid, phospho-lipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls.

The health benefits 
Many herbs has been tested in human history to prolong the life span of human being, but so far none of them has achieved the optimal result. In the study delve into the anti-aging effects and mechanism of Niubanggen (Radix Arctii Lappae)by observing the activity of SOD and the content of MDA and lipofuscin in the tissues of the liver, brain and blood serum of the lab rats, indicated that t he mechanism of the anti-aging effects of the Niubanggen is mainly obtained by raising the activity of SOD and reducing the contents of MDA and lipofuscin. In other study, researchers found that Phenolic content of burdock has exerted a strong activity in fighting against forming of free radicals and foreign invaders as well as anti-elastase and anti-collagenase in a study of 21 plants of which may contribute to the delay of aging process.

Reference
1. An experimental research into the anti-aging effects of Radix Arctii Lappae.
Liu S, Li Y, Li S, Luo M, Liu X.(PubMed)
2. Anti-collagenase, anti-elastase and anti-oxidant activities of extracts from 21 plants.
Thring TS, Hili P, Naughton DP.(PubMed)
3. Anticholinergic Poisonings Associated with Commercial Burdock Root Tea" by
, , and , (Clinical toxicology
4. A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock)" by Chan YS, Cheng LN, Wu JH, Chan E, Kwan YW, Lee SM, Leung GP, Yu PH, Chan SW., (PubMed)

2. Herbal  Burdock and Gastroprotective activity
The digestive system includes gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder with the function to digest foods and transfer the nutrients to the body needs.

The benefits
Arctium lappa L. has been used in folk medicine as digestive stimulant to treat digestive disorder, including digestive sluggishness. Sesquiterpene onopordopicrin (ONP)-enriched fraction (termed the ONP fraction), obtained from A. lappa leaves, exerted the Gastroprotective effect with  involvement of  endogenous sulfhydryls. chloroform extract (CE) of the roots from A. lappa and its fractions intake found to be significantly reduced gastric lesions induced by ethanol, chronic gastric ulceration induced by acetic acid. Intraduodenal extarct CE of the herb reduced the total acidity of gastric secretion,..... as its chemical constituents protect animals from gastric lesions by reducing gastric acid secretion via inhibition of gastric H+, K+ -ATPase.

References
(1) Anti-ulcerogenic mechanisms of the sesquiterpene lactone onopordopicrin-enriched fraction from Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae): role of somatostatin, gastrin, and endogenous sulfhydryls and nitric oxide by de Almeida AB, Luiz-Ferreira A, Cola M, Di Pietro Magri L, Batista LM, de Paiva JA, Trigo JR, Souza-Brito AR.(PubMed)
(2) Gastroprotective activity of the chloroform extract of the roots from Arctium lappa L by Dos Santos AC, Baggio CH, Freitas CS, Lepieszynski J, Mayer B, Twardowschy A, Missau FC, dos Santos EP, Pizzolatti MG, Marques MC.(PubMed)

3. Herbal Burdock and Cancer
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.

The benefits 
Arctium lappa or burdock has been used as a healthy and nutritive food in Chinese societies and  therapeutically in Europe, North America and Asia for hundreds of years.
Lappaol F, the chemicals constituents from plant Arctium Lappa L. Lappaol F suppressed cancer cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner in human cancer cell lines. In the evaluation the cytotoxicity profiles of the extract of Arctium lappa L using various cancer and normal cell lines, arctigenin, showed cytotoxicity to lung cancer (A549), liver cancer (HepG2) and stomach cancer (KATO III) cells, while no cytotoxicity to several normal cell lines. Its antioxidants and antidiabetic compounds found in the root and some active compounds in the seed possessed anti-inflammatory effects and potent inhibitory effects on the growth of tumors.

References
(1) Lappaol F, a Novel Anticancer Agent Isolated from Plant Arctium Lappa L by Sun Q, Liu K, Shen X, Jin W, Jiang L, Sheikh MS, Hu Y, Huang Y.(PubMed)
(2) Tumor specific cytotoxicity of arctigenin isolated from herbal plant Arctium lappa L by Susanti S, Iwasaki H, Itokazu Y, Nago M, Taira N, Saitoh S, Oku H.(PubMed)
(3) A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock) by Chan YS, Cheng LN, Wu JH, Chan E, Kwan YW, Lee SM, Leung GP, Yu PH, Chan SW.(PubMed)

4.  Herbal  Burdock and Breast cancer
Cancer is a class of diseases in which a group of cells growing and multiplying disordered and uncontrollable way in our body, have become progressively worse and damaged other healthy tissues, sometimes spreads to other organs in the body via lymph or blood and results may be in death.

The benefits
Arctigenin, a dietary phytoestrogen and natural lignan product of Arctium lappa L inhibited human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell growth by inducing apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Other lignan constituen, Arctiin ofof Arctium lappa, induced suppression of cyclin D1 protein expression occurs in various types of human tumor cells, including osteosarcoma, lung, colorectal, cervical and breast cancer, melanoma, transformed renal cells and prostate cancer.
 
References
(1) Arctigenin, a dietary phytoestrogen, induces apoptosis of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer cells through the ROS/p38 MAPK pathway and epigenetic regulation by Hsieh CJ, Kuo PL, Hsu YC, Huang YF, Tsai EM, Hsu YL.(PubMed)
(2) Arctiin induces cell growth inhibition through the down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression by Matsuzaki Y, Koyama M, Hitomi T, Yokota T, Kawanaka M, Nishikawa A, Germain D, Sakai T.(PubMed)

5. Herbal  Burdock and Antibacterial activity
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.

The benefits
An ethyl acetate fraction (AcOEt) extracted from Arctium lappa or Burdock has exerted its anti bacterial effective in the testing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Its rough extracts from leaves of Arctium lappa, also exhibited specificity against the target microorganisms and may be a potential effective  in the tested endodontic pathogens. Other in the study of Extracts of 13 Brazilian medicinal plants  for their antimicrobial activity against bacteria and yeasts, including Burdock, suggested that the herb may be a ethnobotanical use of the studied species for the treatment of various infectious diseases.

References
(1) In vitro evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Arctium lappa as a phytotherapeutic agent used in intracanal dressings by Gentil M, Pereira JV, Sousa YT, Pietro R, Neto MD, Vansan LP, de Castro França S.(PubMed)
(2) Antimicrobial activity of Arctium lappa constituents against microorganisms commonly found in endodontic infections by Pereira JV, Bergamo DC, Pereira JO, França Sde C, Pietro RC, Silva-Sousa YT.(PubMed)
(3) Screening of some plants used in the Brazilian folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases by Holetz FB, Pessini GL, Sanches NR, Cortez DA, Nakamura CV, Filho BP.(PubMed)

6. Herbal Burdock and Hepatoprotective effects
Hepatoprotective effects is defined as a protection of liver against damage caused by vary sources, including virus.

The ingredients
It contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.

The benefits
Actium lappa Linne (burdock)  treatments of liver damage induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in rat  could be alleviated with 1 and 7 days, as the herb exerted its hepatoprotective effects attribute to its antioxidative activity, which decreases the oxidative stress of hepatocytes, or to other unknown protective mechanism(s). The root of Arctium lappa Linne (A. lappa) in other study also protect the liver cells from CCl4 or acetaminophen-induced liver damages through its its antioxidative effect on hepatocytes, hence eliminating the deleterious effects of toxic metabolites from CCl4 or acetaminophen.

References
(1) Hepatoprotective effects of Arctium lappa Linne on liver injuries induced by chronic ethanol consumption and potentiated by carbon tetrachloride by Lin SC, Lin CH, Lin CC, Lin YH, Chen CF, Chen IC, Wang LY.(PubMed)
(2) Hepatoprotective effects of Arctium lappa on carbon tetrachloride- and acetaminophen-induced liver damage by Lin SC, Chung TC, Lin CC, Ueng TH, Lin YH, Lin SY, Wang LY.(PubMed)

7. Herbal Burdock and Diabetes
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

The ingredients
It contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.

The benefits
Herbal Burdock has been used in alternative medicine in treating diabetes.  Arctiin, a bioactive compound isolated from the dry seeds of Arctium lappa L., is found to exert its anti diabetic effect decreasing the serum glucose level was also decreased in  highest dose in rat study. Also, its  treatment ameliorated retinal oedema, detachment of the retina, and VEGF expression in the retina, increased the viability of retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, may be suggested of it to be used. in treating complications of diabetes. Other in the review of pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock) also indicated that the medicinal uses of burdock in treating chronic diseases has been reported.

References
(1) Effects of arctiin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic retinopathy in Sprague-Dawley rats by Lu LC, Zhou W, Li ZH, Yu CP, Li CW, Luo MH, Xie H.(PubMed)
(2) A review of the pharmacological effects of Arctium lappa (burdock). by Chan YS, Cheng LN, Wu JH, Chan E, Kwan YW, Lee SM, Leung GP, Yu PH, Chan SW.(PubMed)

8. Herbal Burdock and Antitussive effect
Antitussive effect is considered as a coughing suppression activity with  the use as substance, including herb, medication

The ingredients
It contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.


The benefits
polysaccharides found in Burdock may be the potential agent to treat pathological type of cough as its polysaccharides exhibited statistically significant cough-suppressing activity, which was noticeably higher than that of the non-narcotic drug used in clinical practice to treat coughing. Also a A biologically active fructan from the roots of Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules is was found to be equally active as some non-narcotic, synthetic preparations used in clinical practice to treat coughing.

References
(1) The antitussive activity of polysaccharides from Althaea officinalis l., var. Robusta, Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules, and Prunus persica L., Batsch by Sutovska M, Nosalova G, Franova S, Kardosova A.(PubMed)
(2) A biologically active fructan from the roots of Arctium lappa L., var. Herkules. by Kardosová A, Ebringerová A, Alföldi J, Nosál'ová G, Franová S, Hríbalová V.(PubMed)


9. Herbal Burdock and Anti- inflammatory effects
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.

The ingredients
The herb contains carbonated water, sugar,, manloid colourings, phosphoric acid, citric acid and a good amount of dietary fiber, calcium, potassium, and amino acids and chemicals compounds of guaianolide, arctinone, arctinal, methyl arctate,11-tridecadien-3,5,7,9-tetraynde-hydrocostus lactone,dehydrodihydrocostus lactone, 3-octenoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid etc.

The benefits
topic dermatitis is a chronic, allergic inflammatory skin disease. Butanol extract of A. lappa (ALBE) has showed to inhibit the expression of IL-4 and IL-5 by downregulating MAPKs and NF-κB activation in ConA-treated splenocytes and ALBE may have beneficial effects in the treatment of allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis. In other study, the lactone sesquiterpene onopordopicrin enriched fraction (ONP fraction) from Arctium lappa  exert its Anti-inflammatory intestinal activity in acute experimental colitis. Also the Arctigenin, a bioactive constituent from dried seeds of Arctium lappa L. (Compositae), showed a suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated NO production and pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion as well as  inhibited the expression of iNOS and iNOS enzymatic activity.
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References
(1) Anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of butanol extract from Arctium Lappa L.
Sohn EH, Jang SA, Joo H, Park S, Kang SC, Lee CH, Kim SY.(PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory intestinal activity of Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae) in TNBS colitis model. by de Almeida AB, Sánchez-Hidalgo M, Martín AR, Luiz-Ferreira A, Trigo JR, Vilegas W, dos Santos LC, Souza-Brito AR, de la Lastra CA.(PubMed)
(3) In vitro anti-inflammatory effects of arctigenin, a lignan from Arctium lappa L., through inhibition on iNOS pathway by Zhao F, Wang L, Liu K.(PubMed)

The Side effects
1. Overdose can be poisoning and may lead to symptoms of
acute poisoning include phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, and antihistamines.
2. It may cause dermatitis and allergic/inflammatory responses to certain people with contact as a result of lactones which the plant produces.
3. Do not use burdock if you are pregnant or breast feeding.
4. Etc.

@Herbal Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Bear berry are 3 species in the genus Arctostaphylos, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to the northern North America, Asia and Europe. The herb has been used in traditional medicine as diuretic agent and to treat urinary problems, including bladder infections, kidney infection, kidney stone, pelvic pain, etc.

The Ingredients
It contains arbutin, ursolic acid, tannic acid, gallic acid, some essential oil and resin, hydroquinones tannins,  phenolic glycosides and flavonoids.

1. Herbal Arctostaphylos uva-ursi  and high blood pressure
Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. High blood pressure means raising pressure in your heart.If it stays high over time it can damage the body in many ways.
Blood pressure medications have undoubtedly prevented many deaths from heart disease in the past 30 years, but they have many side effects such as damaging the kidney. If you can control your diet, such as making changes to lifestyle, maintaining ideal weight and diet with low salt, you could do just fine without the drugs.

The benefits
Many herbs have been used to lower high blood pressure by enhancing the urinary flow in alternative medicine and bear berry is one of them. The leaf of The leaves of Vaccinium arctostaphylos has been used in Iran' folk medicine for the treatment of hypertension. In the the study of the possible hypotensive activity of aqueous extract of Vaccinium arctostaphylos leaves in rat model of two-kidney, one-clip hypertension, a higher dose the extract did have hypotensive activity without changing the heart rate. Other study also indicated that Aqueous extracts of Sambucus nigra and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and hydroalcohol extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus revealed that they led to an increase in urine flow.

References
1. The effects of aqueous extract of vaccinium arctostaphylos leaves on blood pressure in renal hypertensive rats. by Khalili A, Khosravi MB, Nekooeian AA.(PubMed)
2. Effect of extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, Hieracium pilosella L., Sambucus nigra L. and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. in rats.
Beaux D, Fleurentin J, Mortier F.(PubMed)

2. Herbal Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Diuretic effect
A diuretic is medication used to elevate the rate of urination 

The Benefits
Because of increased awareness of conventional medication's side effects, there is increasing interest in the health and wellness benefits of herbs and botanicals. Aqueous extracts of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi is found to increase in urine flow with urinary sodium excretion in rats increased with O. stamineus and S. nigra.

References
(1) Effect of extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth, Hieracium pilosella L., Sambucus nigra L. and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. in rats BY Beaux D, Fleurentin J, Mortier F.(PubMed)

3. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Bladder cancer
Bladder cancer is most common type of cancer that effect men twice as frequently as it effects women. Usually it starts from the lining the bladder caused by several types of malignant growths of the urinary bladder cells.

The benefits
The search for alternative medicine for treatment of cancers has been growing worldwide, and herbs used in folk medicine may be a potential sources as it induced little or no side effects. Arbutin, a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant (Arctostaphylos species), is found significantly decreased TCCSUP human bladder cell proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent manner by  increased the expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 (p21), which  involved in cell cycle regulation.

References
(1) Arbutin inhibits TCCSUP human bladder cancer cell proliferation via up-regulation of p21  By Li H, Jeong YM, Kim SY, Kim MK, Kim DS.(PubMed)

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4. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Anti microbial effects
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.

The benefits
Arbutine from Arctostaphylos uva ursi has been found to be effective as non-antibiotic drugs in treating diseases induced by bacteria, caused by S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans. Also in the study of Extracts of Canadian first nations medicinal plants, including Arctostaphylos uva ursi (kinnikinnick or bearberry), inhibited the growth of all Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng)  isolates with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 32 μg/mL, 4 to 32 μg/mL, 16 to >32 μg/mL, and 32 to 64 μg/mL, respectively. Other study on novel acylated caprylic alcohol glycosides (1, 2) produced by Arctostaphylos pumila, showed the exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with an MIC of 128 microg/mL and 64 microg/mL, respectively.

References
(1) Examination of antimicrobial activity of selected non-antibiotic drugs by Kruszewska H, Zareba T, Tyski S.(PubMed)
(2) Extracts of Canadian first nations medicinal plants, used as natural products, inhibit neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with different antibiotic resistance profiles. by Cybulska P, Thakur SD, Foster BC, Scott IM, Leduc RI, Arnason JT, Dillon JA.(PubMed)
(3) Miniaturization of the structure elucidation of novel natural products--two trace antibacterial acylated caprylic alcohol glycosides from Arctostaphylos pumila by Hu JF, Yoo HD, Williams CT, Garo E, Cremin PA, Zeng L, Vervoort HC, Lee CM, Hart SM, Goering MG, O'Neil-Johnson M, Eldridge GR.(PubMed)

5. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi as antioxidants
A free radical is any atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell and highly reactive to react with other cell, which in turn, causes oxidative damage to the enzymes, other protein, unsaturated fatty acid, phospho-lipids, DNA and RNA, etc., leading to aging of the organisms, as a result of widespread damage due to set of a chain reaction auto-catalytically after attacking the lipid bilayers of the cell walls.

The benefits
In the evaluation of the antioxidant effect regard to single dose of plant extracts and their concentration in human organism, indicated that Arctostaphylos uva. was found to be less effective when compare to Hypericum perforatum, Potentilla erectra,  Ledum palustre, Plantago major, Salvia officinalis > Chamomilla recutita. Other in the study of Modulatory effects of resveratrol, citroflavan-3-ol, and plant-derived extracts, Etoposide-induced oxidative stress was strongly reduced by olive leaf extract and bearberry. Also, The extracts of A. patula and A. viscida from Arctostaphylos plants showed potent inhibition against tyrosinase as it not only inhibited the production of melanin from dopachrome by autoxidation, but exhibited SOD (superoxide dismutase)-like activity and had a moderate absorbance in the UV-B area.

References
(1) [Antioxidant properties of plant extracts].
[Article in Russian] by Bol'shakova IV, Lozovskaia EL, Sapezhinskiĭ II.(PubMed)

(2) Modulatory effects of resveratrol, citroflavan-3-ol, and plant-derived extracts on oxidative stress in U937 cells by O'Brien NM, Carpenter R, O'Callaghan YC, O'Grady MN, Kerry JP.(PubMed)

(3) Studies of cuticle drugs from natural sources. IV. Inhibitory effects of some Arctostaphylos plants on melanin biosynthesis. by Matsuda H, Higashino M, Nakai Y, Iinuma M, Kubo M, Lang FA.(PubMed)


6. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and antiinflammatory activities

Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.

The benefits
Water extract (UW-ext) collected from the the leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng (Bearberry leaf), is found to exhibit its anti-inflammatory effects in ear swelling by picryl chloride-induced contact dermatitis (PC-CD) and carrageenin-induced paw edema. arbutin isolated from the leaves of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng., when combined with and indomethacin on Type IV allergic reaction-induced immuno-inflammation, carrageenin-induced edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis, found to be effective as arbutin may increase the inhibitory action of indomethacin on PC-CD, SRBC-DTH, carrageenin-induced edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis, but further investigations are required to understand the mechanism involved. Other study also indicated that 50% methanolic extract (U-ext), containing arbutin, possesses a therapeutic effect against immuno-inflammation induced by  by picryl chloride (PC-CD) and also increases the inhibitory effect of prednisolone.

References
(1) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. V. Effect of water extract from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry leaf) on the antiallergic and antiinflammatory activities of dexamethasone ointment].[Article in Japanese] by Matsuda H, Nakamura S, Tanaka T, Kubo M.(PubMed)
(2) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. III. Combined effect of arbutin and indomethacin on immuno-inflammation].[Article in Japanese] by Matsuda H, Tanaka T, Kubo M.(PubMed)
(3) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. I. Combined effect of 50% methanolic extract from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry leaf) and prednisolone on immuno-inflammation].[Article in Japanese] by Kubo M, Ito M, Nakata H, Matsuda H.(PubMed)

7. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Antiallergic activities
Allergy is the over reaction of immune system to harmless substances after entering our body affecting 1 in every 3 people.

The benefits
Water extract (UW-ext) from the leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng (Bearberry leaf) found to be increase significantly in the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the allergic testing. Arbutin, the major component of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi with at dose of 50 mg/kg 24 h after the application rapidly decreased the swelling of PC-CD  caused by picryl chloride (PC-CD).

References
(1) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. V. Effect of water extract from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (bearberry leaf) on the antiallergic and antiinflammatory activities of dexamethasone ointment].[Article in Japanese] by Matsuda H, Nakamura S, Tanaka T, Kubo M.(PubMed)
(2) [Pharmacological studies on leaf of Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. III. Combined effect of arbutin and indomethacin on immuno-inflammation].[Article in Japanese] by Matsuda H, Tanaka T, Kubo M.(PubMed)

7. Arctostaphylos uva-ursi  and diabetes
Diabetes is defined as a condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose. It is either caused by cells in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

The benefits
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, one of the herbal plant used in treating diabetes was tested in streptozotocin diabetic mice with treatments supplied as 6.25% by weight of the diet for 9 days, showed to counter some of the symptoms of streptozotocin diabetes without, however, affecting glycemic control.

References
(1) Evaluation of traditional plant treatments for diabetes: studies in streptozotocin diabetic mice by Swanston-Flatt SK, Day C, Bailey CJ, Flatt PR.(PubMed)

8. Herbal Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Gastric Cancer
Stomach cancer or gastric cancer is defined as condition of abnormal growth of the mucus-producing cells of the inside lining of the stomach. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of stomach cancer.

The Ingredients It contains arbutin, ursolic acid, tannic acid, gallic acid, some essential oil and resin, hydroquinones tannins,  phenolic glycosides and flavonoids.

The benefits
Ursolic acid, extracted from bearberry has found to exert its effect in inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis in gastric cancer. The induction of gastric cell apoptosis through a a translocation of cofilin-1 protein (involved in the translocation of actin-cofilin complex) from the cytoplasm (the substance that fills the cell.) to the mitochondria (The power sources) to promoted the release of cytochrome c (a small heme protein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion) from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, thereby activating the caspase cascade (routes from cell surface and the other from mitochondria) and finally inducing apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cell line. These suggested that the mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1 might play a crucial role in the promotion of apoptosis and might be a key target for future treatment of human gastric cancer.

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References
(1) Mitochondrial translocation of cofilin-1 promotes apoptosis of gastric cancer BGC-823 cells induced by ursolic acid by Tang Q, Ji Q, Tang Y, Chen T, Pan G, Hu S, Bao Y, Peng W, Yin P.(PubMed)
  
9. Herbal Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and endometrial cancer
Endometrium is the inner lining of the mammalian uterus and very susceptible hormone change, particular to menstrual cycle. Endometrial cancer is a late adulthood cancer defined as a condition of which the cells of the endometrial lining of uterus have growth uncontrollable or become cancerous as a result of the alternation of cells DNA. It's the fourth most common cancer among women overall, after breast cancer, lung cancer, and bowel cancer.

The benefits
Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene acid, extracted from bearberry is found to be effective in inhibition of the growth of endometrial cancer cell HEC108 line, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. As exposure of Ursolic acid decreased the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein levels (member of the Bcl-2 family of regulator proteins that regulate cell death) but increased Bax expression (upregulated by the tumor suppressor protein p53,) through a mitochondrial pathway, of that induced apoptosis of endometrial cancer HEC108 line. Other in the study of the same but with inendometrial cancer SNG-II cells, ursolic acid strongly inhibited the growth of SNG-II cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The induced apoptotic processes in the endometrial cancer SNG-II cells is also involved mitochondrial pathways and Bcl-2 family proteins.
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References
(1) Molecular mechanism of ursolic acid induced apoptosis in poorly differentiated endometrial cancer HEC108 cells by Achiwa Y, Hasegawa K, Udagawa Y.(PubMed)
(2) Ursolic acid induces Bax-dependent apoptosis through the caspase-3 pathway in endometrial cancer SNG-II cells by Achiwa Y, Hasegawa K, Komiya T, Udagawa Y.(PubMed)


The Side effect
1. Overdoses may cause gastrointestinal discomfort, including cause nausea, vomiting, etc. and fever, chills, severe back pain, ringing in the ears, etc.
2. The herb may interact with other medicine, including diuretic
3. Do not use the herb in new born, children or if you are pregnant or breast feeding without approval from the related field specialist.
4. Etc.










@Herbal Arnica

Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belonging to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia. It has been used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.

The ingredients
Beside containing contain helenalin as it main ingredient used as anti-inflammatory agent in herbal medicine, it also contains 11,13- dihydrohelenaline, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative, etc.


1. Herbal Arnica  and bruising
Bruising, also known as contusion, is defined as a condition of damage to capillaries and sometimes venules as a result of trauma of that allowing blood to seep, hemorrhage, or extravasate into the surrounding interstitial tissues.

The Benefits
Bruising happens quite often in our life and in most case it will resolve by itself. Pai ful brusing may be treated over-the-counter pain medicine, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), or naproxen (Aleve). In some cases, it may be result of certain medical condition and attention of your doctor may be necessary, such as an infection of the valves of the heart (endocarditis) or abnormal function of the blood-clotting elements (platelets), bleeding within the abdomen, etc. Homeopathic arnica is widely believed to control bruising, reduce swelling and promote recovery after local trauma.  In a double (patient and rater) blinded randomized controlled study of dermatological procedures can result in disfiguring bruises that resolve slowly of healthy volunteers, age range 21-65 years, topical 20% arnica ointment may be able to reduce bruising more effectively than placebo and more effectively than low-concentration vitamin K formulations, such as 1% vitamin K with 0·3% retinol. In other in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial with three parallel arms. 64 adults undergoing elective surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome were randomized to take three tablets daily of homeopathic arnica 30C or 6C or placebo for seven days before surgery and fourteen days after surgery, showed that homeopathic arnica has an advantage over placebo in reducing postoperative pain, bruising and swelling in patients undergoing elective hand surgery.

References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
(4). Arnica (Arnica montana) by Sigma Aldrich
(5) Accelerated resolution of laser-induced bruising with topical 20% arnica: a rater-blinded randomized controlled trial. by Leu S, Havey J, White LE, Martin N, Yoo SS, Rademaker AW, Alam M.(PubMed)
(6) Homeopathic arnica for prevention of pain and bruising: randomized placebo-controlled trial in hand surgery. by Stevinson C, Devaraj VS, Fountain-Barber A, Hawkins S, Ernst E.(Pubmed)

2. Herbal Arnica and Antibacterial and antifungal activity
Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belonging to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia. It has been used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.

The benefits
Arnica have been used for thousands of years in folk medicine for several purposes. Vegetal extracts from Arnica--Arnica montana has demonstrated antimicrobial activity preferentially directed against the planktonic fungal and bacterial growth, and to be suggested as are a significant source of natural alternatives to antimicrobial therapy, thus avoiding antibiotic therapy. On the other hand, it also  showed slight antimicrobial activity of propolis and Arnica montana against oral pathogens.

 
References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
(4) In vitro antimicrobial activity of Romanian medicinal plants hydroalcoholic extracts on planktonic and adhered cells by Stanciuc AM, Gaspar A, Moldovan L, Saviuc C, Popa M, Măruţescu L.(PubMed)
(5) In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis and Arnica montana against oral pathogens by Koo H, Gomes BP, Rosalen PL, Ambrosano GM, Park YK, Cury JA.(PubMed)

3. Herbal Arnica and Antiinflammatory activity
Inflammation is a condition of Immune system self-protection to remove harmful stimuli, including damaged cells, irritants, pathogens... from our body.

The benefits
Several species in the genus Arnica have been used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory-related disorders. Arnica montana 6cH has exerted its anti-inflammatory effect within 6 hours after applying as it blocked the action of histamine in increasing vascular permeability. Other in the study of the helenalin, a flavonoid responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of arnica montana extract, and aloin, an anthrone-C-glucosyls with antibacterial activity present in aloe vera extract, found that
a microemulsion can be a good vehicle to increase the permeation of helenalin, while the gel formulation, containing Sepigel 305, proved able to reduce the release and permeation of aloin, with a consequent activity limited to the surface of application, without any permeation.

 
References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)
(4) Anti-inflammatory activity of Arnica montana 6cH: preclinical study in animals by Macêdo SB, Ferreira LR, Perazzo FF, Carvalho JC.(PubMed)
(5) Effect of vehicles on topical application of aloe vera and arnica montana components by Bergamante V, Ceschel GC, Marazzita S, Ronchi C, Fini A.(PubMed)

4.  Herbal Arnica and Colon Cancers
Colon Cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon.

The benefits
Lychnophora ericoides extracts from Brazilian arnica has protective influence on the process of colon carcinogenesis, suppressing both the initiation and the promotion of colonic carcinogenesis, as it significant decrease in the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and an attenuation of the increase in cell proliferation induced by DMH, in rat study. Other in the evaluation of Cytotoxicity of flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones from Arnica species, showed that the most flavonoids showed moderate to low cytotoxicity, as compared with the reference compound cisplatin against COLO 320.

 
References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)

 (4) The protective role of Lychnophora ericoides Mart. (Brazilian arnica) in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced experimental colon carcinogenesis by Fernandes CR, Turatti A, Gouvea DR, Gobbo-Neto L, Diniz A, Ribeiro-Silva A, Lopes NP, Garcia SB.(PubMed)(5) Cytotoxicity of flavonoids and sesquiterpene lactones from Arnica species against the GLC4 and the COLO 320 cell lines by Woerdenbag HJ, Merfort I, Passreiter CM, Schmidt TJ, Willuhn G, van Uden W, Pras N, Kampinga HH, Konings AW.(PubMed)

5. Herbal Arnica and Alleviated pain
Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belonging to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia. It has been used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Colon Cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal proliferation of cells in the colon.
Pain is a feeling triggered in the nervous system as a result of often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.

The Benefits
Arnica has been used in folk medicine as a treatment for bruising and swelling. Arnica administration of the herb is significant reduction in pain experienced after 2 weeks in the Arnica-treated group. Other in the study to determine if topical Arnica is effective in reducing pain, showed although its application of topical Arnica did not affect any performance assessments or markers of muscle damage or inflammation, however it demonstrates the possibility of providing pain relief three days post-eccentric exercise and Pain scores on legs treated with arnica were also higher than scores on those receiving placebo 24 hours after exercise.
 
 
References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)

(4) Use of Arnica to relieve pain after carpal-tunnel release surgery by Jeffrey SL, Belcher HJ.(PubMed)
(5) The effects of topical Arnica on performance, pain and muscle damage after intense eccentric exercise by Pumpa KL, Fallon KE, Bensoussan A, Papalia S.(PubMed)
(6) The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed)

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6. Herbal Arnica and wound healing
Arnica is a herbaceous species, genus perennial, belonging to the family Asteraceae, antive to Europe and Asia. It has been used in herbal medicine for centuries to treat strains, sprains, and bruises.
Wound healing is process of repairing after damage of skin, tissues, organs, etc.


The ingredients
Beside containing contain helenalin as it main ingredient used as anti-inflammatory agent in herbal medicine, it also contains 11,13- dihydrohelenaline, chamissonolid, Sesquiterpene lactone, lignans of the furofuran, dibenzylbutyrolactone, dibenzylbutyrolactol types, pinoresinol, epipinoresinol, phillygenin, matairesinol, nortrachelogenin, and nortracheloside, six dibenzylbutyrolactol derivative.

The Benefits
Homeopathic remedy (0712-2) from Arnica montana exerted wound closure potential in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts with low potency at a dilution of 1:100 promoted in vitro wound closure by 59.5%, but its homeopathic arnica preparation (D4), is found to be superior than diclofenac to reduce wound irritation. Topical Hypericum perforatum L. and Arnica montana L. in other study was found to be effective on experimental wound healing on skin surgical incision surgically induced on the back of Wistar rats.

 
References
1. The effect of topical arnica on muscle pain" by Adkison JD, Bauer DW, Chang T.(PubMed).
2. Cosmetics and herbal remedies with Compositae plant extracts - are they tolerated by Compositae-allergic patients?" by Paulsen E, Chistensen LP, Andersen KE.(PubMed)
(3) Contact allergy to Compositae plants in patients with atopic dermatitis. [Article in English, Serbian]" by Jovanović M, Poljacki M, Duran V, Vujanović L, Sente R, Stojanović S.,(PubMed)

(4) A homeopathic remedy from arnica, marigold, St. John's wort and comfrey accelerates in vitro wound scratch closure of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by Hostanska K, Rostock M, Melzer J, Baumgartner S, Saller R.(PubMed)
(5) Efficacy of Arnica montana D4 for healing of wounds after Hallux valgus surgery compared to diclofenac by Karow JH, Abt HP, Fröhling M, Ackermann H.(PubMed)
(6) Effects of microcurrent application alone or in combination with topical Hypericum perforatum L. and Arnica montana L. on surgically induced wound healing in Wistar rats by Castro FC, Magre A, Cherpinski R, Zelante PM, Neves LM, Esquisatto MA, Mendonça FA, Santos GM.(PubMed)

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Saturday, December 28, 2013

@Herbal Anise

Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belonging to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region. The popular herb has been used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, carminative, digestive, expectorant, stimulant and tonic agent to treat head-lice and mites, increase blood pressure, prevent formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract and menstrual cramps, etc.

Ingredients
Beside the main ingredient Anethole, it also contains, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

1. Herbal Anise  and Menstrual Cramps and pain in dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea (painful menstruation) is defined as a condition of severe uterine pain during 
menstruation. Some women may experience periodic pains during or prior to, or after menstrual periods in the lower abdomen as resulting of over production of certain hormones in the prostaglandins family. In traditional Chinese medicine, dysmenorrhea is defined as a pain in the lower abdomen, appearing with menstrual cycle that can spread over to the whole abdomen and lumbosacral region, depending to diagnosis.
The benefits
Anise contains certain chemical compounds in relieving the cramps and pain of primary dysmenorrhea, due to immature of the reproductive organs of young girls, according to the study of herbal drug group  given 500 mg of highly purified saffron, celery seed, and anise (SCA) extracts three times a day for three days. Other in the study of Herbal combination of Women were taken either mefenamic acid, an herbal combination of saffron/celery seed extract in combination with either anise or fennel from the onset of bleeding or pain for three days each cycle and followed for two to three cycles found that women taking the SCA herbal combination had a decrease in pain intensity and duration as did those in the mefenamic acid group  and both had statistically significant reductions in pain scores and pain duration compared with the women in the placebo group.

References
1. "[Apparent life-threatening event in infants: think about star anise intoxication!].[Article in French] by Perret C, Tabin R, Marcoz JP, Llor J, Cheseaux JJ.,  (PubMed)
2. Aniseed-induced nocturnal tongue angioedema` by Gázquez García V, Gaig Jané P, Bartolomé Zavala B., (PubMed)
3. Herbal combination for primary dysmenorrhea  by Tori Hudson, ND
4.  The herb possess potent CNS depressant action and anxiolytic effect
4. The effect of an Iranian herbal drug on primary dysmenorrhea: a clinical controlled trial.
Nahid K, Fariborz M, Ataolah G, Solokian S.(PubMed)

2. Star anise (Illicium verum) and Central nervous system activity
Ba Jiao Hui Xiang also known Chinese Star Anise is a spice which has been used in traditional Chinese cooking for thousand of years from a small evergreen tree, native in southwest China. The acrid and warm herb has been used in TCM an Antibiotic agent and to treat hernia, chronic lower back pain, vomiting due to coldness in stomach, pain and coldness in stomach. etc. as it disperses cold moves qi and calms pain by enhancing the functions of liver, kidney, spleen, stomach channels.
Central nervous system include is the part of the nervous system of the brain and spinal cord with function of integrates information it receives from for the entire nervous system, and control all the workings of your body.

Ingredients
Beside the main ingredient Anethole, it also contains, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.


The benefits
Many studies have reports toxicity of Anise in 2 000 mg/kg as toxicological dose. In the study of 1/10 of the toxicological dose taken, the extracts of I. verum possess potent CNS depressant action and anxiolytic effect without interfering with motor coordination. Other in the study of macranthol, a triphenyl lignan isolated from Illicium dunnianum, indicated that macranthol produced antidepressant-like effect, which may be mediated by serotonergic and neuroendocrine system. Unfortunately, certain components have been found to decreased the locomotion enhanced by methamphetamine and demonstrated the analgesia on acetic acid-induced writhing and tail pressure pain at doses dependent manner.
The Side Effects
1. If you have high blood pressure or pregnant please consult with your doctor or related field specialist before applying.
2. Star Anise is toxic.
3. Skin Irritation
4. Allergic reaction such as mouth and lip inflammation.
5. Etc.
References
(1) Central nervous system activity of Illicium verum fruit extracts by Chouksey D, Upmanyu N, Pawar RS.(PubMed)
(2) Antidepressant-like effect of macranthol isolated from Illicium dunnianum tutch in mice by Li J, Geng D, Xu J, Weng LJ, Liu Q, Yi LT.(PubMed)
(3) Neurotropic components from star anise (Illicium verum Hook. fil.) by Nakamura T, Okuyama E, Yamazaki M.(PubMed)
(4) "[Apparent life-threatening event in infants: think about star anise intoxication!].[Article in French] by Perret C, Tabin R, Marcoz JP, Llor J, Cheseaux JJ.,  (PubMed)

3. Herbal Anise and Breast cancer
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.

The benefits 
Genetic mutation of DNA play key roles in the development of human breast cancers. (NF-kappaB), the a protein responsible for cytokine production and cell survival, has been implicated in oncogenesis of breast cancers and is known to be associated with resistance to anticancer agents and apoptosis, there fore, Blocking NF-kappaB signaling may represent a therapeutic strategy in breast cancer therapy. epoxypseudoisoeugenol-2-methylbutyrate (EPB), a component of Anise, inhibited the proliferation of both MCF-7 and BT-549 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. EPB induced cell cycle arrest in G(1)/G(0) phase and apoptosis in both MCF-7 and BT 549 cells. Other in the study of aqueous extractsof Pimpinella anisum, indicated that extracts studied at a concentration range 10-100 microg/mL stimulate osteoblastic cell differentiation and exhibit antiestrogenic effect on breast cancer cells without proliferative effects on cervical adenocarcinoma cells.

References
(4) "[Apparent life-threatening event in infants: think about star anise intoxication!].[Article in French] by Perret C, Tabin R, Marcoz JP, Llor J, Cheseaux JJ.,  (PubMed)
(2)  Inhibition of NF-kappaB-mediated transcription and induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by epoxypseudoisoeugenol-2-methyl butyrate by Ma G, Tabanca N, Husnu Can Baser K, Kirimer N, Pasco DS, Khan IA, Khan SI.(PubMed)
(3)Greek plant extracts exhibit selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-like properties by Kassi E, Papoutsi Z, Fokialakis N, Messari I, Mitakou S, Moutsatsou P.(PubMed)

4. Herbal Anise and Constipation
Constipation is a condition of bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to pass. Statistic showed that constipation most often are women, adults ages 65 and older.

The benefits 
In the study of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella anisum L., Foeniculum vulgare Miller, Sambucus nigra L., and Cassia augustifoli, is found to be laxative efficacy and a safe alternative option for the treatment of constipation.

References
(4) "[Apparent life-threatening event in infants: think about star anise intoxication!].[Article in French] by Perret C, Tabin R, Marcoz JP, Llor J, Cheseaux JJ.,  (PubMed) (2) Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and Cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation by Picon PD, Picon RV, Costa AF, Sander GB, Amaral KM, Aboy AL, Henriques AT.(PubMed)

5. Herbal Anise and anti-viral effects
Anti-viral effects is an act of certain substances to cause the destruction of an virus.

The benefits 
In three antiviral and immunostimulating substances (LC1, LC2 and LC3) Extract of seeds of Pimpinella anisum, lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCs) showed antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and -2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and measles virus. LCs were also found to interfere with virus adsorption to the host cell surface and directly inactivate viruses. Furthermore, they enhanced nitric oxide (NO) production by inducing iNOS mRNA and protein expression in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. Other in the study showed essential oils of herbal Anise exhibited high levels of antiviral activity against aciclovir-sensitive HSV strain KOS and aciclovir-resistant clinical HSV isolates as well as aciclovir-resistant strain Angelotti.
 
References
(1) "[Apparent life-threatening event in infants: think about star anise intoxication!].[Article in French] by Perret C, Tabin R, Marcoz JP, Llor J, Cheseaux JJ.,  (PubMed)
(2) Antiviral and immunostimulating effects of lignin-carbohydrate-protein complexes from Pimpinella anisum. by Lee JB, Yamagishi C, Hayashi K, Hayashi T.(PubMed)
(3)Efficacy of anise oil, dwarf-pine oil and chamomile oil against thymidine-kinase-positive and thymidine-kinase-negative herpesviruses by Koch C, Reichling J, Kehm R, Sharaf MM, Zentgraf H, Schneele J, Schnitzler P.(PubMed)

6. Herbal Anise and Tongue squamous carcinoma
Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belonging to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region. The popular herb has been used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, carminative, digestive, expectorant, stimulant and tonic agent to treat head-lice and mites, increase blood pressure, prevent formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract and menstrual cramps, etc.
Tongue cancers is defined as an abnormal cell growth in the tongue.

The benefits
Safrole, a chemical component found in anise, induced apoptosis in human tongue squamous carcinoma SCC-4 cells and the The induction of apoptosis is involved in mitochondria- and caspase-dependent signal pathways. Aloe-emodin one of anthraquinones, found in aniseed, has been shown to have anticancer activity in different kinds of human cancer cell lines. In tough cancers, it induced apoptosis in the SCC-4 cells through the Fas/death-receptor, mitochondria and caspase cascade and may be considered as a potent agent in treating the disease.

References
(1) "[Apparent life-threatening event in infants: think about star anise intoxication!].[Article in French] by Perret C, Tabin R, Marcoz JP, Llor J, Cheseaux JJ.,  (PubMed)

(2) Safrole induces cell death in human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells through mitochondria-dependent caspase activation cascade apoptotic signaling pathways by Yu FS, Huang AC, Yang JS, Yu CS, Lu CC, Chiang JH, Chiu CF, Chung JG. (PubMed)
(3) Aloe-emodin induces cell death through S-phase arrest and caspase-dependent pathways in human tongue squamous cancer SCC-4 cells by Chiu TH, Lai WW, Hsia TC, Yang JS, Lai TY, Wu PP, Ma CY, Yeh CC, Ho CC, Lu HF, Wood WG, Chung JG.(PubMed)


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7. Herbal Anise and Antifungal activity
Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belonging to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region. The popular herb has been used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, carminative, digestive, expectorant, stimulant and tonic agent to treat head-lice and mites, increase blood pressure, prevent formation of gas in the gastrointestinal tract and menstrual cramps, etc.
Candida albicans is a member of a large group of organism whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within the membranes, including yeast and mold that live among the gut flora in the human mouth and gastrointestinal tract. In fact, under normal circumstances, Candida albicans that does cause harmful effects, but overgrowth results in candidiasis.

Ingredients
Beside the main ingredient Anethole, it also contains, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

The Benefits
P-anisaldehyde (1), o-anisaldehyde (2)  found in anise is found to process the anti fungal activity against Candida, including azole-resistant strains, advocating further investigation for clinical applications in the treatment of fungal infections. In other study, anise fruits Pimpinella anisum L. (Apiaceae) extract showed antimycotic activity against Candida albicans and inhibited the growth of dermatophyte species (Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and M. gypseum). Anise essential oil also  exhibited stronger antifungal activities against yeasts and dermatophytes with MIC values between 0.10 and 1.56%.

The Side Effects 1. If you have high blood pressure or pregnant please consult with your doctor or related field specialist before applying.
2. Star Anise is toxic.
3. Skin Irritation
4. Allergic reaction such as mouth and lip inflammation.
5. Etc.

References
(1) "[Apparent life-threatening event in infants: think about star anise intoxication!].[Article in French] by Perret C, Tabin R, Marcoz JP, Llor J, Cheseaux JJ.,  (PubMed)
(2) Interesting anticandidal effects of anisic aldehydes on growth and proton-pumping-ATPase-targeted activity by Shreaz S, Bhatia R, Khan N, Ahmad SI, Muralidhar S, Basir SF, Manzoor N, Khan LA.(PubMed)
(3) Antifungal activity of fluid extract and essential oil from anise fruits (Pimpinella anisum L., Apiaceae) by Kosalec I, Pepeljnjak S, Kustrak D.(PubMed)