Saturday, December 24, 2016

Hormone(Catecholamines): The Effects of hypertension on cardiovascular responses to epinephrine

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.                     

                      Catecholamines

Catecholamines, derived from the amino acid tyrosine, produced by the adrenal glands, which are found on top of the kidneys. are epinephrine (adrenaline), norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and dopamine. The hormone are released into the blood during times of physical or emotional stress.


     Hormone(Catecholamines) - The Effects of hypertension on cardiovascular responses to epinephrine 

Cardiac beta-receptor responsiveness is diminished by both aging and hypertension. In the study to evaluate of14 young and 18 older normotensive men and women and in 10 young and 17 older hypertensive men and women by echocardiography cardiac responses to intravenous infusion of epinephrine and to assess the relative contribution of intrinsic cardiac and counterregulatory components to the overall respons, found that Epinephrine-induced increases in heart rate were similar in the four groups. Increases in stroke volume, ejection fraction, and cardiac index were similar in the two hypertensive and two young normotensive groups. In contrast, they were attenuated in the older normotensive group, resulting in higher left ventricular responses in older hypertensive than in normotensive subjects. Heart rate and left ventricular responses to epinephrine in the presence of ganglionic blockade did not differ between the two young groups. Increases in plasma norepinephrine due to epinephrine infusion were larger in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects(10).

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Sources
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17307999

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