Green tea exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect in reduced symptoms and progression of
Rheumatoid Arthritis, some institutes suggested
Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body.
According to statistic, In US, approximately, 90 million adults and children suffered directly from arthritis, inducing social and economic consequences to over 240 million people who are having a family member affected by the disease.
The disease was also found to infect a third of those aged 18-64.
Although the disease is caused by immune defense attacking its the body healthy tissue, researchers as of today are not sure what triggers the abnormal function. But they do know that certain risk factors are associated with increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis, including genetic alternation, as people with certain genes are more likely to develop RA, geographic factor as RA is rare in less developed and rural parts of the world, hormone factor as RA is more common in women than in men,.... and family history.
Other risk factors including smoking, people with certain medical conditions such as autoimmune disease, an unhealthy diet such as high in red meat and less in fruits and vegetables, physical inactivity also promote early onset of RA.
The Karolinska Institutet in the study of the risk factors of RA wrote, "nongenetic risk factors (smoking, alcohol intake, parity, silica exposure, body mass index, fatty fish consumption, and education), and genetic risk factors (shared epitope [SE] and 76 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs])" and "....many (familial) risk factors remain to be identified, in particular for seronegative RA"(4).
The results of chronic inflammation caused by immune attacking the joints, inducing overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to damage of cells in the inflammatory site and nearby healthy cells, including bone, cartilage, tendons,.... and ligaments,
Untreated chronic joint inflammation can also cause complications of total destruction of joint tissue.
If you experience symptoms of joint pain, tenderness, swelling, redness, stiffness,.... restriction or loss of joint range of motion, you may have RA.
Green tea, a precious drink processed numbers of health benefit and known to almost everyone in Asia and the Western world.
According to the joint study led by Washington State University College of Pharmacy, green tea showed to ameliorate the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators including (IL-6 and IL-8) and Cox-2 in primary human rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), through the effects of its phytochemical compounds of EGCG and EGC antioxidant activities.
IL-6 and IL-8 are pro-inflammatory cytokines activated by the systematic immune response in prevented damage of tissue in the acute phase of infection. Prolonged overexpression of IL6 and IL8 can cause damage to cells in the infectious region as well as surrounding healthy cells.
Cox-2 are prostaglandins with function in mediated pathogenic infection, including the inflammatory response.
Dr. Fechtner S, the lead researcher said," EGCG is the most effective catechin at inhibiting downstream inflammatory signaling, its effectiveness could be hindered by the presence of (epicatechin) EC".
In the investigation of the anti-inflammatory activity of green versus black tea aqueous extract in a rat model with orally/daily distilled water as placebo, indomethacin (1.0 mg/kg body weight; a non-steroidal/anti-inflammatory drug), or tea aqueous extracts (for 28 or 14 consecutive days administrated from day 0 or 14 of arthritis induction, respectively), researchers found that group treats with a high dose of GTE (from day 0) significantly alleviated (P < 0.05-0.001) the progression and all complications induced by rheumatoid arthritis in compared to placebo.
More importantly, researchers also found that the expression of anti-arthritic activity of the high dose of GTE (from day 0) mediated by significantly decreasing the systemic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of chemokine receptor-5, a protein in activated immune activities in the in synovial tissues, was comparable (P > 0.05) with that of indomethacin (12.9-53.8 vs. 9.5-48.4%, respectively).
Furthermore, the anti-arthritic potency of tea aqueous extracts was dosed dependent in the order of high dose of GTE > low dose of GTE ≥ high dose of BTE > low dose of BTE.
Other study suggested that green tea extract in reduced symptoms and risk of complications probably are the result in regulating chemokine(a family of cytokines secreted by cells) production in immune reaction and chemokine receptor expression in interaction with proinflammatory cytokines of human RA synovial fibroblasts in rat adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA).
Taking together, green tea may be served as a functional food to reduce symptoms and risk of complications for patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Molecular insights into the differences in anti-inflammatory activities of green tea catechins on IL-1β signaling in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts by Fechtner S1, Singh A1, Chourasia M2, Ahmed S3.(PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory activity of green versus black tea aqueous extract in a rat model of human rheumatoid arthritis by Ramadan G1, El-Beih NM1, Talaat RM2, Abd El-Ghffar EA1.(PubMed)
(3) Green tea extract inhibits chemokine production, but up-regulates chemokine receptor expression, in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and rat adjuvant-induced arthritis by Marotte H1, Ruth JH, Campbell PL, Koch AE, Ahmed S.(PubMed)
(4) To what extent is the familial risk of rheumatoid arthritis explained by established rheumatoid arthritis risk factors? by Jiang X1, Frisell T, Askling J, Karlson EW, Klareskog L, Alfredsson L, Källberg H(PubMed)
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