Oral health is a process or activity that protect the oral cavity against diseases by regular brushing of the teeth and cleaning between the teeth.
Gingivitis or gingival inflammation is one of the most common conditions of oral inflammation of the gum caused by overexpression of plaques accumulated on your teeth that irritate the gingiva. Over times, the gum of infected person has become swollen and bleed easily.
In severe cases, the condition can lead to periodontal disease, inducing tooth decay or loss of the tooth.
Most of the cases of gingivitis are associated with poor hygiene, particularly in people who smoke.
Gingivitis can be reversed by following a good oral health habit, including brushing at least twice a day, flossing daily and getting regular dental checkups.
Other causes of the oral problem are poor diet and hygiene, trauma, stress, alcohol use, and use of illegal substances.
However, chronic diseases also are found to induce poor oral health, including diabetes.
Most common symptoms of gingivitis including swollen gums with dusky red or dark red color and bleeding easily when brush or floss, particularly breath-breath.
According to the statistics provided by the CDC, smoking is an important cause of severe gum disease in the US.
Some researchers suggested that long-term oral infection can place the patients at risk of certain chronic disease.
Dr. Xiaojing Li, and colleagues wrote, "Recently, it has been recognized that oral infection, especially periodontitis, may affect the course and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, and low birth weight".
And, "Periodontitis as a major oral infection may affect the host's susceptibility to systemic disease in three ways: by shared risk factors; subgingival biofilms acting as reservoirs of gram-negative bacteria; and the periodontium acting as a reservoir of inflammatory mediators".
Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.
On finding a potential compound for the treatment of oral disease, researchers examined the effect of cranberry extracts on oral health, including dental caries and protection against periodontitis.
Cranberry fraction enriched in high molecular weight polyphenols from the A non-dialysable extract showed to inhibit cariogenic and periodontal pathogenic bacteria.
Diseases associated with oral inflammatory response and enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix was also reduced upon the application of cranberry fraction.
Furthermore, according to tested differentiation, Cranberry components found in the extract also inhibited acid production, attachment, and biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans.
Glucan-binding proteins associated with dental caries pathogen, extracellular enzymes secreted by the cell involved in a bacterial trait, and bacterial hydrophobicity were also affected by cranberry components.
In periodontal diseases, the cranberry fraction also exerted similarly aforementioned effects such as the host inflammatory responses, production, and activity of enzymes.
The findings strongly suggested that cranberry components found in cranberry worked synergistically, for the prevention and/or treatment of oral diseases, particularly in those of high molecular weight bioactive molecules.
Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the promotion of oral health, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Potential oral health benefits of cranberry by Bodet C1, Grenier D, Chandad F, Ofek I, Steinberg D, Weiss EI. (PubMed)
(2) Characterization of non-dialyzable constituents from cranberry juice that inhibit adhesion, co-aggregation and biofilm formation by oral bacteria by Neto CC1, Penndorf KA, Feldman M, Meron-Sudai S, Zakay-Rones Z, Steinberg D, Fridman M, Kashman Y, Ginsburg I, Ofek I, Weiss E. (PubMed)
(3) Systemic Diseases Caused by Oral Infection by Xiaojing Li,1,* Kristin M. Kolltveit,1 Leif Tronstad,2 and Ingar Olsen. (PMC)
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