Thursday, August 25, 2016

Phytochemicals in Foods- The Effects of Pelargonidin

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                                     Pelargonidin



Pelargonidin, is an anthocyanins (flavonals), in the group of Flavonoids (polyphenols), found abundantly in bilberry, raspberry, strawberry, etc.

Health Benefits
1. Anti inflammatory effects
In the systematically investigated the effects of 36 naturally occurring flavonoids and related compounds on NO production in macrophages exposed to an inflammatory stimulus (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), and evaluated the mechanisms of action of the effective compounds,
found that Flavone, the isoflavones daidzein and genistein, the flavonols isorhamnetin, kaempferol and quercetin, the flavanone naringenin, and the anthocyanin pelargonidin inhibited iNOS protein and mRNA expression and also NO production in a dose-dependent manner, according to "Anti-inflammatory effects of flavonoids: genistein, kaempferol, quercetin, and daidzein inhibit STAT-1 and NF-kappaB activations, whereas flavone, isorhamnetin, naringenin, and pelargonidin inhibit only NF-kappaB activation along with their inhibitory effect on iNOS expression and NO production in activated macrophages" by Hämäläinen M, Nieminen R, Vuorela P, Heinonen M, Moilanen E.(1)

2. Neuroprotective effects
In the investigation of the neuropathological effect of pelargonidin (Pel),
found that Pel administration has a dose-dependent neuroprotective effect against 6-OHDA toxicity, partly through attenuating oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that pelargonidin could provide benefits, along with other therapies, in neurodegenerative disorders including PD, according to "Oral pelargonidinexerts dose-dependent neuroprotection in 6-hydroxydopamine rat model of hemi-parkinsonism" by Roghani M, Niknam A, Jalali-Nadoushan MR, Kiasalari Z, Khalili M, Baluchnejadmojarad T.(2)

3. Colon and liver cancer
In the investigation of inhibition of potato antioxidant extracts on the proliferation of colon cancer and liver cancer cells, found that an inverse correlation was found between total phenolics and the EC(50) of colon cancer cell (R(2) = 0.9303), as well as liver cancer cell proliferation (R(2) = 0.8992). The relationship between antioxidant activity and EC(50) of colon cancer/liver cancer cell proliferation was significant (R(2) = 0.8144; R(2) = 0.956, respectively). A significant difference in inhibition of cancer cells (P < 0.01) existed between the 3 polyphenols: chlorogenic acid, pelargonidin chloride, and malvidin chloride, suggesting that chlorogenic acid was a critical factor in the antiproliferation of colon cancer and liver cancer cells, according to "Inhibitory effect of antioxidant extracts from various potatoes on the proliferation of human colon and liver cancer cells" by Wang Q, Chen Q, He M, Mir P, Su J, Yang Q.(3)

4. Inflammation and Insulin sensitive
In the investigation of the effect of strawberry antioxidants in beverage form on meal-induced postprandial inflammatory and insulin responses in human subjects, found that the postprandial concentrations of pelargonidin sulfate andpelargonidin-3-O-glucoside were significantly increased when the strawberry beverage was consumed concurrently with the HCFM compared with the placebo beverage (P < 0·001). The strawberry beverage significantly attenuated the postprandial inflammatory response as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and IL-6 (P < 0·05) induced by the HCFM. It was also associated with a reduction in postprandial insulin response (P < 0·05), according to "Strawberry anthocyanin and its association with postprandial inflammation and insulin" by Edirisinghe I, Banaszewski K, Cappozzo J, Sandhya K, Ellis CL, Tadapaneni R, Kappagoda CT, Burton-Freeman BM.(4)

5. Anti-lipid peroxidation activity and hepatoprotective effect
In the investigation of fruit pulp extracts of the lychees for vitamin C, phenolic contents, anti-lipid peroxidation activity and hepatoprotective effect, found that administration of CCl(4) in rats elevated the serum GPT, GOT, and ALP level whereas silymarin, Gimjeng and Chakapat extracts prevented these increases significantly. Significant decrease of apoptotic cells together with restoration of morphological changes confirmed the hepatoprotective effect in the CCl(4)-induced rats pretreated with the extracts, according to "Hepatoprotective effects of lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): a combination of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic activities" by Bhoopat L, Srichairatanakool S, Kanjanapothi D, Taesotikul T, Thananchai H, Bhoopat T.(5)

6. Endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis
In the observation of the potential mechanisms responsible for the cytoprotective actions of three common anthocyanins, namely cyanidin- delphinidin- andpelargonidin-3-glucoside on the biochemical pathways underlying peroxynitrite-triggered apoptosis in endothelial cells, found that a potential role of dietary anthocyanins in the modulation of several apoptotic signaling pathways triggered by peroxynitrite in endothelial cells, supporting mechanistically their health benefits in the context of prevention of endothelial dysfunction and, ultimately, of atherosclerosis, according to "Dietary anthocyanins protect endothelial cells against peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and Bax nuclear translocation: an in vitro approach" by Paixão J, Dinis TC, Almeida LM.(6)

7. Hepatitis B virus
In the analyzing of the anthocyanins (delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside: cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside: petunidin-3,5-diglucoside: delphinidin-3-glucoside: malvdin-3,5-diglucoside: peonidin-3,5-diglucoside: cyanidin-3-glucoside: petunidin-3-glucoside: peonidin-3- glucoside: malvidin-3- glucoside = 27:63:8.27:1:2.21:2.21:6.7:1.25:5.72:1.25) [corrected] isolated from meoru (Vitis coignetiae Pulliat) exerted antiproliferative and anti-invasive and apoptotic effects on human hepatoma Hep3B cells, found that anthocyanins from meoru have antiproliferative and anti-invasive effects and may induce apoptosis through the activation of the mitochondrial pathway and inhibition of antiapoptotic proteins. This study provides evidence that the anthocyanins isolated from meoru might be useful in the treatment of human hepatitis B-associated hepatoma, according to "Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of invasion in human hepatoma cells by anthocyanins from meoru" by Shin DY, Ryu CH, Lee WS, Kim DC, Kim SH, Hah YS, Lee SJ, Shin SC, Kang HS, Choi YH.(7)

8. Antioxidants
In the examination of phytochemical profile and the antioxidant activity of strawberry fruit (cv. Camarosa) upon postharvest ripening at room temperature (20 °C) and to correlate them with qualitative attributes, found that pelargonidin-3-glucoside was the major anthocyanin, which increased with the increase of shelf life period, while cyanidin-3-glucoside and pelargonidin-3-rutinoside were found at lower concentrations. The potent radical scavenging activity, evaluated with four in vitro assays, showed a higher antioxidant capacity after 3 and 1 days of shelf life., according to "The effect of postharvest ripening on strawberry bioactive composition and antioxidant potential" by Goulas V, Manganaris GA.(8)

9. Gastrointestinal digestion and microsomal glucuronidation
In the determination of a simulated gastrointestinal digestion model used to evaluate the potential degradation of anthocyanins post-consumption, found that during the simulated gastric digestion, anthocyanin glycosides (200 μM) remained stable however their aglycone derivatives were significantly degraded (20% loss), while during subsequent pancreatic/intestinal digestion only pelargonidin-3-glucoside remained stable while cyanidin-3-glucoside (30% loss) and Cy and pelagonidin aglycones were significantly degraded (100% loss, respectively), according to "Anthocyanin-derived phenolic acids form glucuronides following simulated gastrointestinal digestion and microsomal glucuronidation" by Woodward GM, Needs PW, Kay CD.(9)

10. Hyperalgesia
In the evaluation of the possible beneficial effect of chronic pelargonidin (PG) treatment on hyperalgesia in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic neuropathic rat, found that diabetic rats showed a marked chemical and thermal hyperalgesia, indicating that development of diabetic neuropathy and PG treatment (especially multiple-doses) significantly ameliorated the alteration in hyperalgesia (P less than 0.05-0.01) in diabetic rats as compared to untreated diabetics. PG (multiple doses) also significantly decreased diabetes-induced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation and non-significantly reversed elevation of nitrite level and reduction of antioxidant defensive enzyme superoxide dismutase, according to "Chronic oralpelargonidin alleviates streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathic hyperalgesia in rat: involvement of oxidative stress" by Mirshekar M, Roghani M, Khalili M, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Arab Moazzen S.(10)

11. Antioxidants
In the study of The antioxidant and pro-oxidant potential of an extract from red radish, in which the major compounds were acylated pelargonidin derivatives, found that the acylated pelargonidin derivatives extracted from red radish could act as antioxidant and pro-oxidant and their antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties were relative to the reaction conditions. It might provide novel antioxidant and anticarcinogenic agents, according to "Antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties of acylated pelargonidin derivatives extracted from red radish (Raphanus sativus var. niger, Brassicaceae)" by Wang LS, Sun XD, Cao Y, Wang L, Li FJ, Wang YF.(11)

12. Etc.

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Sources
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18274639
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20558255
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888504
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21736853
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21540102
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21785847
(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19723048
(8) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21520448
(9) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21370450
(10) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20683496


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Women Health: The Obesity and Polycystic ovary syndrome Research and Studies of Hormonal profile, and metabolic abnormalities of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), resulting in male pattern hair development, acne,irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility. It effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.

The Studies of Hormonal profile, and metabolic abnormalities of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

In the study to investigate and analyze the clinical presentation, hormonal profile, and metabolic abnormalities of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), conducted by the The Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, posted in PubMed, indicated that
Obese PCOS women have more severe hyperandrogenism, IR and hyperinsulinism than normal-weight PCOS women, which may have some health implications later in life.

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Children Health: Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD) -Treatments In Nutritional Supplement perspective - Antioxidants

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

           Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD)

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADHD/ADD) also known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a chronic disease occurs in certain age and years of a children, defined as a condition with characteristics of co-existence of attentional problems and hyperactivity. It effects about 5% of the all children in the world with boys have 3-4 times higher risk than girl. Over one third of children with ADHD will have continued symptoms existed into their adult life.


                 The Nutritional Supplements - Antioxidants

 Antioxidants have been proven to be effective in fighting against the forming of free radicals of which can damage to the DNA of the cells, particular to brain cells. Some researchers suggested that oxidative stress may be a factor underlying the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) as a result of of reduced levels of Glutathione (GSH), a major free radical scavenger in the brain(41)

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Women Health: The Obesity and Polycystic ovary syndrome Research and Studies of Obesity, Sex hormone-binding globulin and female reproductive function

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), resulting in male pattern hair development, acne,irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility. It effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.

The Studies of Obesity, Sex hormone-binding globulin and female reproductive function

 Although sex steroids have long been known to influence serum concentrations of SHBG, it is now recognized that nutritional factors may be more important in the regulation of SHBG in women. Thus, SHBG concentrations are negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and, more particularly, to indices of central adiposity. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common cause of anovulatory infertility, is associated with truncalobesity, hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinaemia. According to the study by the St Mary's Hospital Medical School, posted in PubMed, Obese subjects with PCOS have similar total testosterone concentrations to lean PCO women but have lower SHBG and reciprocally higher free testosterone levels. Calorie restriction results in reduction of serum insulin followed by an increase in SHBG and a fall in free testosterone but an isocaloric, low-fat diet has no significant effect on SHBG concentrations. Weight reduction in obese, hyperandrogenaemic women with PCO is an important approach to the management of both anovulation and hirsutism.


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Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus: Thyroid Disease : Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis - Diseases associated to Sepsis

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                         Thyroid disease


Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active and produces too much thyroid hormones.


             Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis

Sepsis is defined as a condition caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammation throughout the body as a result of severe infection(a)(b). according to the study by the University of Utah, sepsis is the commonest cause of admission to medical ICUs across the world. Mortality from sepsis continues to be high. Besides shock and multi-organ dysfunction occurring following the intense inflammatory reaction to sepsis, complications arising from sepsis-related immunoparalysis contribute to the morbidity and mortality from sepsis(c).

                                    Diseases associated to Sepsis

 1. Staphylococcal infections
Preterm infants are especially susceptible to late-onset sepsis that is often due to Gram-positive bacterial infections resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality(24).

2. Elevated central venous pressure
Elevated central venous pressure is associated with impairment of microcirculatory blood flow in sepsis(25).

3. Neonatal cellulitis
there is a report of a case of late onset neonatal invasive group A streptococcal disease characterized with rapidly progressing cellulitis and development ofsepsis(26).

4. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
There is a report of the spectrum of community-acquired S. aureus infections and to compare the patients infected with methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistantstrains among patients aged <20 years. Overall, 90 cases of community-acquired S. aureus were detected in an 11-year period(27).

5. Bladder infection
Bladder bacteria is common but unique cause for sepsis(28).

6. Urinary tract infection
In the study to evaluate the effectiveness of Lactobacillus GG supplementation in reducing the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacterial sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants, found that seven days of Lactobacillus GG supplementation starting with the first feed is not effective in reducing the incidence of UTIs, NEC and sepsis in preterm infants. Further studies are required to confirm our results in lower birthweight populations(29).

7. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus)
According to the study b ythe UC Davis School of Medicine, there was increased risk of AbVTE early (<90 days; hazard ratio [HR] 5.4 [confidence interval (CI), 2.3-12.5]), but not late (≥90 days; HR 1.5 [CI, 0.9-2.6]) after splenectomy. There was increased risk of VTE both early (HR 5.2 [CI, 3.2-8.5]) and late (HR 2.7 [CI, 1.9-3.8]) after splenectomy. The cumulative incidence of sepsis was 11.1% among the ITP patients who underwent splenectomy and 10.1% among the patients who did not. Splenectomy was associated with a higher adjusted risk of sepsis, both early (HR 3.3 [CI, 2.4-4.6]) and late (HR 1.6 or 3.1, depending on comorbidities). ITP patients post splenectomy are at increased risk for AbVTE, VTE, and sepsis(30).

8. Hydroureteronephrosis
Hydroureteronephrosis without vesicoureteral reflux or lower-urinary-tract obstruction is uncommon in infants. There has been considerable interest in and controversy over the cause and management of this entity. We have cared for three neonates with severe hydroureteronephrosis after acute urinary tract infections, who were treated without operation, according to Pais VM, and Retik AB(31).

9. Osteomyelitis
Sepsis and osteomyelitis about the ankle joint present a challenging clinical problem. Osteomyelitis usually follows open fracture of the distal tibia, often with a pilon fracture component. Treatment of subsequent osteomyelitis and sepsis, including the authors' experiences, is discussed. Septic ankle arthritis can occur hematogenously. In some patients, the optimal treatment for concomitantosteomyelitis and sepsis is a below knee amputation(32).

10. Necrotizing fasciitis
There is a report of a case of necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila after crush injury of the lower extremity(33).

11. Phlebitis
There is a report of a case of Septic pulmonary emboli secondary to internal jugular vein phlebitis (postanginal sepsis) caused by Eikenella corrodens(34).

12. Lymphedema
There is a report of a patient with congenital penoscrotal lymphedema complicated by cellulitis, lymphangitis, and severe sepsis associated with a streptococcal infection. This case represents the importance of obtaining a detailed clinical history and physical findings(35).

13. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)
The prevalence of the VRE that caused bacteraemia increased from 2003 to 2010. This increase might be attributed to the clonal spread of VREfm belonging to ST18 and ST414. The all-cause 14 day mortality rate was lower in patients with bacteraemia due to VREfm isolates that belonged to ST414(36).

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Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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Permanently Eliminate All Types of Ovarian Cysts Within 2 Months

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Sources
(a) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis
(b) http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/sepsis/DS01004
(c) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24082613
(24) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23935651
(25) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23919272
(26) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20807361
(27) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24055391
(28) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5564785
(29) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12169832
(30) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23637127
(31) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1089891
(32) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11232476
(33) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18687029
(34) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6383158
(35) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11138888
(36) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22618861

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Dietary Minerals Boron: The effects of Dietary boron on 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and ORAI1

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

                                 Dietary Minerals 

Dietary Minerals are the group of minerals which is essential for our body to sustain normal functions and physical health.

                                      Boron

Boron, a vital trace mineral found abundantly in Almond, Red Apple, Apricots, Avocado, Banana, Red kidneyBeans, etc., is necessary for the normal growth and health of the body. Boric acid has antiseptic and antiviral activity. Its aqueous solutions have been used as mouth-washes, eye-drops, skin lotions and cosmetics(1).

      The effects of Dietary boron on 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and ORAI1

In the study to assess the influence of Orai1(ORAI calcium release-activated calcium modulator 1) intervention on mouse airway epithelium reactions in vivo and in vitro, found that administration of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) into the nostrils suppressed Orai1 expression in nasal and tracheal mucosa of treated mice compared with that in control mice and restrained the mediators in nasal lavage fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and airway mucosa of treated groups compared with those in control groups. Similarly, the 2-APB intervention also alleviated Orai1 and the production of the mediators in culture supernatant and cultured airway epithelium under allergic conditions(10).

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Women Health: The Obesity and Polycystic ovary syndrome Research and Studies of Effect of obesity on polycystic ovary syndrome

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar, Master of Nutrients), all right reserved.
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Obesity is a medical condition of excess body fat accumulated overtime, while overweight is a condition of excess body weight relatively to the height. According to the Body Mass Index(BMI), a BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered over weight, while a BMI of over 30 is an indication of obesity. According to the statistic, 68% of American population are either overweight or obese.

You can calculate your BMI index BMI= weight (kg)/ height (m2)

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries that interferes with the function of the normal ovaries as resulting of enlarged ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), resulting in male pattern hair development, acne,irregular period or absence of period, weight gain and effecting fertility. It effects over 5% of women population or 1 in 20 women.

The Studies of Effect of obesity on polycystic ovary syndrome

While many women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are overweight, obese or centrally obese, the effect of excess weight on the outcomes of PCOS is inconsistent,. According to the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, posted inPubMed, in searching for studies reporting outcomes according to body mass index categories or body fat distribution, indicated that Overweight or obese women with PCOS had decreased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), increased total testosterone, free androgen index, hirsutism, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance index and worsened lipid profile. Obesity significantly worsened all metabolic and reproductive outcomes measured except for hirsutism when compared to normal weight women with PCOS. Overweight women had no differences in total testosterone, hirsutism, total-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol compared to normal weight women and no differences in SHBG and total testosterone compared to obese women. Central obesity was associated with higher fasting insulin levels. These results suggest that prevention and treatment of obesity is important for the management of PCOS.

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