Medical Advisor Journals : Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus: Thyroid Disease : Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis

Thursday, August 25, 2016

Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus: Thyroid Disease : Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis - Diseases associated to Sepsis

Kyle J. Norton(Scholar and Master of Nutrients, all right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Thyroid disease

Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid. Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active and produces too much thyroid hormones.

Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis

Sepsis is defined as a condition caused by chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection trigger inflammation throughout the body as a result of severe infection(a)(b). according to the study by the University of Utah, sepsis is the commonest cause of admission to medical ICUs across the world. Mortality from sepsis continues to be high. Besides shock and multi-organ dysfunction occurring following the intense inflammatory reaction to sepsis, complications arising from sepsis-related immunoparalysis contribute to the morbidity and mortality from sepsis(c).

Diseases associated to Sepsis

1. Staphylococcal infections
Preterm infants are especially susceptible to late-onset sepsis that is often due to Gram-positive bacterial infections resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality(24).

2. Elevated central venous pressure
Elevated central venous pressure is associated with impairment of microcirculatory blood flow in sepsis(25).

3. Neonatal cellulitis
there is a report of a case of late onset neonatal invasive group A streptococcal disease characterized with rapidly progressing cellulitis and development ofsepsis(26).

4. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
There is a report of the spectrum of community-acquired S. aureus infections and to compare the patients infected with methicillin-susceptible or methicillin-resistantstrains among patients aged <20 years. Overall, 90 cases of community-acquired S. aureus were detected in an 11-year period(27).

5. Bladder infection
Bladder bacteria is common but unique cause for sepsis(28).

6. Urinary tract infection
In the study to evaluate the effectiveness of Lactobacillus GG supplementation in reducing the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs), bacterial sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants, found that seven days of Lactobacillus GG supplementation starting with the first feed is not effective in reducing the incidence of UTIs, NEC and sepsis in preterm infants. Further studies are required to confirm our results in lower birthweight populations(29).

7. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) (deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus)
According to the study b ythe UC Davis School of Medicine, there was increased risk of AbVTE early (<90 days; hazard ratio [HR] 5.4 [confidence interval (CI), 2.3-12.5]), but not late (≥90 days; HR 1.5 [CI, 0.9-2.6]) after splenectomy. There was increased risk of VTE both early (HR 5.2 [CI, 3.2-8.5]) and late (HR 2.7 [CI, 1.9-3.8]) after splenectomy. The cumulative incidence of sepsis was 11.1% among the ITP patients who underwent splenectomy and 10.1% among the patients who did not. Splenectomy was associated with a higher adjusted risk of sepsis, both early (HR 3.3 [CI, 2.4-4.6]) and late (HR 1.6 or 3.1, depending on comorbidities). ITP patients post splenectomy are at increased risk for AbVTE, VTE, and sepsis(30).

8. Hydroureteronephrosis
Hydroureteronephrosis without vesicoureteral reflux or lower-urinary-tract obstruction is uncommon in infants. There has been considerable interest in and controversy over the cause and management of this entity. We have cared for three neonates with severe hydroureteronephrosis after acute urinary tract infections, who were treated without operation, according to Pais VM, and Retik AB(31).

9. Osteomyelitis
Sepsis and osteomyelitis about the ankle joint present a challenging clinical problem. Osteomyelitis usually follows open fracture of the distal tibia, often with a pilon fracture component. Treatment of subsequent osteomyelitis and sepsis, including the authors' experiences, is discussed. Septic ankle arthritis can occur hematogenously. In some patients, the optimal treatment for concomitantosteomyelitis and sepsis is a below knee amputation(32).

10. Necrotizing fasciitis
There is a report of a case of necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila after crush injury of the lower extremity(33).

11. Phlebitis
There is a report of a case of Septic pulmonary emboli secondary to internal jugular vein phlebitis (postanginal sepsis) caused by Eikenella corrodens(34).

12. Lymphedema
There is a report of a patient with congenital penoscrotal lymphedema complicated by cellulitis, lymphangitis, and severe sepsis associated with a streptococcal infection. This case represents the importance of obtaining a detailed clinical history and physical findings(35).

13. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)
The prevalence of the VRE that caused bacteraemia increased from 2003 to 2010. This increase might be attributed to the clonal spread of VREfm belonging to ST18 and ST414. The all-cause 14 day mortality rate was lower in patients with bacteraemia due to VREfm isolates that belonged to ST414(36).

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Thursday, August 25, 2016

Most Common Diseases of 50 Plus: Thyroid Disease : Euthyroid sick syndrome as a result of Sepsis - Diseases associated to Sepsis

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