Wednesday, January 8, 2014

@Phytochemical Anacardic acids

 Phytochemicals, the natural chemical constituent, protect the plants against diseases and form their outer's color. Phytochemicals may be next potential sources of new medicine for treatment of diseases with little or no side effects.
Anacardic acids
Anacardic acids are phenolic lipids, phytochemicals of the organic acid found abundantly in cashews, mangoes, etc.

1. Phytochemical Anacardic acids and Breast cancer
Breast cancer (malignant breast neoplasm) is a cancer that starts in the tissues of the breast either from the inner lining of milk ducts (Ductal carcinoma) or the lobules (Lobular carcinoma) that supply the ducts with milk. there is also rare cases that breast cancer starts in other areas of the breast. In 2010, over 250,000 new cases of breast cancer were expected to be diagnosed in women in the U.S. alone and the risk of getting invasive breast cancer during life time of a women is 1/8.

The health benefits
Dietary foods containing Anacardic acid (AnAc; 2-hydroxy-6-alkylbenzoic acid) may be potential to reduce the risk of breast cancer as its AnAc 24:1(omega5) purified from geranium inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis in an ER-dependent manner. Other in the study of Synthesis of benzamides related to anacardic acid, showed a exhibited activities similar to that of AA, In U937 cells, it induced cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase, caused apoptosis in about 20 % of the cells and increased the acetylation levels of H3.


References
(1) Anacardic acid inhibits estrogen receptor alpha-DNA binding and reduces target gene transcription and breast cancer cell proliferation by Schultz DJ, Wickramasinghe NS, Ivanova MM, Isaacs SM, Dougherty SM, Imbert-Fernandez Y, Cunningham AR, Chen C, Klinge CM.(PubMed)
(2) New anacardic acid-inspired benzamides: histone lysine acetyltransferase activators.
Souto JA, Benedetti R, Otto K, Miceli M, Alvarez R, Altucci L, de Lera AR.(PubMed)


2. Phytochemical Anacardic acids and Prostate cancer
Anacardic acids are phenolic lipids, phytochemicals of the organic acid found abundantly in cashews, mangoes, etc.
Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams.
The health Benefits
Anacardic acid (6-pentadecylsalicylic acid), a natural chemical constituent from ancient plant Amphipterygium adstringens, also known as a non-specific histone acetyltransferase inhibitor of p300, beside exhibuts its anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidative, and antimicrobial effects, but also revealed that Src protein expression, tumor cell proliferation, and microvessel density could be remarkably suppressed by anacardic acid.  Other study of Anacardic acid (6-pentadecylsalicylic acid), also showed to inhibit of prostate cancer by  down-regulates androgen receptor (AR) through supressing p300. There results showed that the phytochemical may be considered as a potent agent to treat prostate cancer.

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References
(1) Anacardic acid (6-pentadecylsalicylic acid) inhibits tumor angiogenesis by targeting Src/FAK/Rho GTPases signaling pathway by Wu Y, He L, Zhang L, Chen J, Yi Z, Zhang J, Liu M, Pang X.(PubMed)
(2) Anacardic acid (6-pentadecylsalicylic acid) induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through inhibition of androgen receptor and activation of p53 signaling by Tan J, Chen B, He L, Tang Y, Jiang Z, Yin G, Wang J, Jiang X.(PubMed)

3. Anacardic acid and Lung cancer
Anacardic acids are phenolic lipids, phytochemicals of the organic acid found abundantly in cashews, mangoes, etc.
Lung cancer is defined as a condition of the abnormal growth of the cells in the lung's tissue. Most common form of primary lung cancers are derived from epithelial cells. In Us, Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths, causing 158,683 people deaths, including 88,329 men and 70,354 women, according to 2007 statistic.

The health benefits
Anacardic acid (AA), a chemical conpound found in some foods and herb has exerted its cytotoxicity  property to causes cell on A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells through the activation of mitochondrial-mediated involved in initiating a caspase-independent pathway and an contact activation pathway executioner such as cytochrome c. The phytochemical on the other hand also expresses its anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and radiosensitization through suppresion of a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, the NF-kappaB signalling pathway. These results may demonstrate a novel role for anacardic acid in potentially preventing or treating cancer through modulation of certain pathways.

References
(1) Anacardic acid induces mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in the A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells by Seong YA, Shin PG, Kim GD.(PubMed)
(2) Anacardic acid (6-nonadecyl salicylic acid), an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase, suppresses expression of nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated gene products involved in cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and inflammation through inhibition of the inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor-kappaBalpha kinase, leading to potentiation of apoptosis by Sung B, Pandey MK, Ahn KS, Yi T, Chaturvedi MM, Liu M, Aggarwal BB.(PubMed)

4. Anacardic acid and anti microbal activity
Anacardic acids are phenolic lipids, phytochemicals of the organic acid found abundantly in cashews, mangoes, etc.
The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases. The immune system does a great job of keeping people healthy and preventing infections. Beside foods and nutritional supplements, herbs also play a important role in helping the immune system defend against viruses and bacteria attacks.

The health effects
An anacardic acids mixture isolated from Amphipterygium adstringens has performed its anti bacterial effect as an alternate to antibiotics by inhibition of the regulator of virulence and biofilm formation in the pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anacardic acid mixture (AAM) showed 94% of inhibition of the violecin production at 166 μg/mL and 86% of inhibition of pyocyanin production  at 200 μg/mL). Otehr in the study of a new anacardic acid, indicated that its deviratives, 16'Z-nonadecenyl]-salicylic acid and masticadienonic acid also inhibited bacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis with minimum inhibitory concentrations.

References
(1) Amphypterygium adstringens anacardic acid mixture inhibits quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors of Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Castillo-Juárez I, García-Contreras R, Velázquez-Guadarrama N, Soto-Hernández M, Martínez-Vázquez M. (PubMed)
(2) Isolation of the new anacardic acid 6-[16'Z-nonadecenyl]-salicylic acid and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis by Rivero-Cruz BE, Esturau N, Sánchez-Nieto S, Romero I, Castillo-Juárez I, Rivero-Cruz JF.(PubMed)

5. Phytochemical Anacardic acids and pituitary adenomas
Anacardic acids are phenolic lipids, phytochemicals of the organic acid found abundantly in cashews, mangoes, etc.
Pituitary adenomas are noncancerous tumors that occur in the pituitary gland

The effects
In GH3 and MMQ, pituitary adenoma cell lines, anacardic acid  exerted its a novel antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects by increasing in poly([adenosine diphosphate]-ribose) polymerase cleavage, sub-G1 arrest, and annexin V staining, to incuce apoptotic cell death, possible nonclassical apoptotic mechanism.

Reference
(1) Anacardic acid induces caspase-independent apoptosis and radiosensitizes pituitary adenoma cells by Sukumari-Ramesh S, Singh N, Jensen MA, Dhandapani KM, Vender JR.(PubMed)

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